perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id THE ... fileperpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id commit to user PRONOUNCEMENT I would like to certify that the thesis entitled "The Implementation

perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

commit to user

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING (CLT) APPROACH

IN ENGLISH TEACHING

(A Naturalistic Study at the Tenth Grade of SMA Negeri 1 Surakarta

in the Academic Year 2013/2014)

MUHAMMAD HASANUL ‘AQIL

K2209055

Thesis

Submitted to the Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University as a Fulfillment of the Requirements for Achieving the

Undergraduate Degree of Education

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

2014


commit to user

PRONOUNCEMENT

I would like to certify that the thesis entitled "The Implementation ofCommunicative Language Teaching (cLT) Approach in English Teaching (ANaturalistic study at the Tenth Grade of sMA Negeri I Surakarta in the

Academic Year 2013 /2014)" is really my own work. It is not plagiarism or made by

others. Everything related to others' works is written in quotation, the sources ofwhich are listed on the Bibliography.

If then this pronouncement proves wrong; I am ready to receive any

academic punishment, including the cancellation of my degree.

Surakarta, February 2014

Muhammad Hasanul 'Aqil


commit to user iii

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING (CLT) APPROACH

IN ENGLISH TEACHING

(A Naturalistic Study at the Tenth Grade of SMA Negeri 1 Surakarta

in the Academic Year 2013/2014)

MUHAMMAD HASANUL ‘AQIL

K2209055

Thesis

Submitted to the Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University as a Fulfillment of the Requirements for Achieving the

Undergraduate Degree of Education

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

2014


commit to user

On:

APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS

This thesis has been approved by the consultants to be examined by the

Board of Thesis Examiners of the English Education Department of Teacher Training

and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University.

February 2014

Second Consultant,

NIP. 19520307 198003 I 005

Hef_v Sulistyawati. S.S. M.Pd

NIP. 1 9781208 2001 12 2 0A2

IV


commit to user

APPROVAL OF THE THESIS EXAMINBRS

This thesis has been examined by the Board of Thesis Examiners of the

English Departrnent of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret

University Surakarta and approved as the fulfillment of the requirements for

achieving the Undergraduate Degree of English Education.

Day :

Date :

1.

Board of Thesis Examiners

Chair: Endang Setyaningsih, S.S.,M.Hum.

NIP. 19800513 2003 12 2 002

Secretary: Drs. Suparno, M.Pd

NrP. 195111271 198601 1 001

Examiner I: Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd.

NIP.195203C7 198003 I 005

Examiner II: Hefy Sulistyawati, S.S., M.Pd.

NIP. 19781208 2001 t2 2 002

2.

aJ.

4.

Signature

and Education Faculty

University

NIP. 19600727 198102 | 001


commit to user vi

ABSTRACT

Muhammad Hasanul ‘Aqil. K2209055. The Implementation of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)Approachin English Teaching (A Naturalistic Study at the Tenth Grade of SMA Negeri 1 Surakarta in the Academic Year 2013/2014). A thesis. Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. February2014. The objectives of the research are: (1) to describe the implementation of CLT in English teachingin terms of planning, classroom implementation and assessment; (2) to investigate the teacher’sand students’ rolesinCLT classroom; (3) to describe the difficulties found and the solution offered by the teacher in implementing CLT. The research was held at the tenth grade of acceleration classes of SMA Negeri (SMAN) 1 Surakarta from November to December 2013. In this research, the writer used qualitative naturalistic method to describe the implementation of CLT in English teaching. The techniques of collecting data in this research were observation, interview, and document analysis. In analyzing the data, the writer used interactive model of analysis which includes reducing data, displaying data, and drawing conclusions. The findings of the research show that, first, the CLT approach was well conducted in English teachingin terms of planning, classroom implementation and assessment. The teacher organized the lesson plan which set out the communicative principles in its teaching material and classroom scenario. During the implementation, the teacher created opportunities for students to use the target language for authentic communication through activities in the oral or written form. The teacher assessed students’ comprehension through both summative and formative assessment. The formative assessment took place informally such as when teacher gave comment or positive appraisal to the students, while the summative one was mostly done at the end of the lesson to get students’ grade. Second, CLT classroom reflected crucial roles for both the teacher and students. The teacher played roles as a facilitator who facilitated learner with communicative event, as a monitor who monitored students’ learning process and development, as a co-communicator who supported students to be the main communicator, and as a counselor who actively answered students’ questions. Besides, students as learners had a role of the communicator who actively negotiated meaning. Third, CLT implementation was not without problems. The teacher found time constraint, task design and assessment as three major problems. She tackled time constraint by making more accuracy based activities discussed as home task so that the class got more portion of fluency based activities. Meanwhile, the teacher tried her best to set the activities and materials supported communicative goal, prior knowledge and interest. Keywords: naturalistic inquiry, communicative language teaching, English teaching


commit to user vii

MOTTO

“If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become

more, you are a leader”

(John Quincy Adams)

“The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page”

(St. Agustine)

“God can change your life, but you have to change your habits”

(Anonymous)

“Act your dream!”

(Aqil)


commit to user viii

DEDICATION

This thesis is joyously dedicated to:

My beloved family: mother, father, sister and brother

My beloved friends: wherever you are

My love: whoever you are

Myself

Thank you so much!


commit to user ix

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

All Praise to Allah SWT for never ending blessing given to the writer so that

he can finally accomplish this thesis. This thesis would certainly have never been

completed without the help of these honorable people who deserve his special

gratitude and appreciation:

1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University,

Prof. Dr. M. Furqon Hidayatullah, M. Pd.

2. The Head of English Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of

Sebelas Maret University, Endang Setyaningsih, S.Pd., M.Hum.

3. Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd., the first consultant, and Hefy Sulistyawati, S.S., M.Pd.,the

second consultant, for their advice, guidance, and patience in accomplishing this

thesis.

4. Drs. H. M. Thoyibun, MM. MPd., the head master of SMA Negeri 1 Surakarta

who has facilitated the writer in collecting the data.

5. RizkY Kristanti, S. Pd and Dra. Arni Ferra Sinatra, M.Pd who have helped the

writer in searching the data

6. His beloved family: father, mother, sister, and brother for their endless love and

prayer

7. His friends: SBI 09, ED 09, Eks-Kos Idjo Lumut Surya, GBS Ngoresan, GBS

Sekarpace for their unconditional support

The writer realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect. He hopes and

accepts every comment and suggestion. Hopefully, this thesis will be useful for the

readers.

Surakarta, February 2014

Muhammad Hasanul ‘Aqil


commit to user x

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE …………………………………………………………………………………... i

PRONUNCEMENT ……………………………………………………………………. ii

PROPOSED TITLE ……………………………………………………………………. iii

APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS …………………………………………………..... iv

APPROVAL OF THESIS EXAMINERS ……………………………………………… v

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………….. vi

MOTTO……………………………………………………………………………….... vii

DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………….. viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………… xi

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………. x

LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………….……………. xiii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………….. xiv

LIST OF APENDICES…………………………………………………………………. xv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………….. 1

A. Background of Study ………………………………………………………….... 1

B. Problem Statements ……………………………………………………………. 7

C. Objectives of the Study ………………………………………………………… 7

D. Benefits of the Study …………………………………………………………... 7

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW …………………………………………… 9

A. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) ……………………………………. 9

1. Definition of CLT …………………………………………………………... 9

2. The Development of CLT …………………………………………………... 11

3. The Goal of CLT ……………………………………………………………. 12

4. Basic Principles of CLT …………………………………………………….. 13

5. Roles of Teacher in CLT ……………………………………………………. 18

6. Roles of Students in CLT …………………………………………………… 19


commit to user xi

7. Roles of Materials in CLT ………………………………………………….. 20

8. Teaching Procedures and Teaching Activities ……………………………… 21

9. Syllabus of CLT …………………………………………………………….. 22

B. Teaching English ………………………………………………………………... 24

1. Theory of Teaching …………………………………………………………. 24

2. Theory of Learning ………………………………………………………….. 25

3. Teaching Stages …………………………………………………………….. 26

a. Planning ………………………………………………………………… 27

b. Implementation …………………………………………………………. 28

c. Assessment ……………………………………………………………... 29

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ……………………………………. 33

A. Setting of the Research ………………………………………….......................... 33

B. Method of the Research ………………………………………………………... 34

C. Sources of the Data ……………………………………………………...……... 35

D. Techniques of Collecting Data ………………………………………………… 36

E. Trustworthiness of the Data ……………………………………………………. 37

F. Techniques of Analyzing Data ………………………………………………… 38

G. Research Procedure ……………………………………………………………. 39

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ……………………... 40

A. Research Findings ……………………………………………………………… 40

1. The Implementation of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in

English Teaching in Terms of Planning, Classroom Implementation, and

Assessment …………………………………………………………………

40

a. Planning ………………………………………………………………… 42

b. The Classroom Implementation ………………………………………... 49

c. Assessment ……………………………………………………………... 61

2. Teacher’s and Students’ Roles in Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

Classroom ………………………………………………………………….

64


commit to user xii

a. Teacher’s Roles ………………………………………………………... 65

b. Students’ Roles ………………………………………………………... 67

3. The Difficulties Found and the Solution Offered by the Teacher in

Implementing Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) ……………...

69

a. Difficulties …………………………………………………………….... 70

b. Solutions ……………………………………………………………....... 70

B. Discussion ……………………………………………………………………… 72

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ……………………………….. 84

A. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………….. 84

B. Suggestion …………………………………………………………………….... 88

BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………………… 90

APPENDICES …………………………………………………………………………. 94


commit to user xiii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1 Difficulties Found and Solution Offered by the Teacher in

Implementing Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) …..

71


commit to user xiv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CLT : Communicative Language Teaching

WTO : World Trade Organization

ASEAN : Association of Southeast Asian Nations

APEC : Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

AFTA : ASEAN Free Trade Area

KTSP : Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan

KBK : Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi

CBC : Curriculum Based Competency

PP : Peraturan Pemerintah

SKL : Standar Kompetensi Lulusan

ELT : English Language Teaching

SK : Standar Kompetensi

KD : Kompetensi Dasar

MGMP : Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran

RSBI : Rintisan Sekolah Berstandar Internasional

MH : Muhammad Hasanul ‘Aqil

RK : Risky Kristanti

AA : Anindita Amalia P.

DJ : Dea Jovita

VA : Vira Anindya P.


commit to user xv

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Teacher’s Interview Notes ……………………………………… 95

Appendix 2 Students’ Interview Notes ……………………………………… 99

Appendix 3 Observation Notes ……………………………………………… 101

Appendix 4 Field Note Observation 1 ………………………………………. 102




Appendix 8 Transcript of Interview with Teacher RK (part 1) ……………… 149

Appendix 9 Transcript of Interview with Students AA, DJ, VA …………….. 175

Appendix 10 Transcript of Interview with Teacher RK (part 2) ……………… 183

Appendix 11 Lesson Plan 1 …………………………………………………... 188

Appendix 12 Lesson Plan 2 …………………………………………………... 191

Appendix 13 Syllabus ………………………………………………………… 194

Documents

perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id THE ... fileperpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id commit to user PRONOUNCEMENT I would like to certify that the thesis entitled "The Implementation