1. 1 CHNG1 GIITHIU 1.1 BICNHNGHINCU 1.1.1 Bicnhthctin Tronggiaiont nm2000n2008,btngsn(BS)l mttrong nhngngnhkinhtctctngtrngcaoquahuhtccchtiuthhinquy mcngnhhiuqu.TheoTngccThngk(2010a),tronggiainy tctng trng bnh qun v s lng doanh nghip l 41,4%/nm, vn kinh doanh l 36%/nm. Huht ccchtiucnbnth hinquymv hiuqu ca doanh nghipngnh BSutngvitccaohnmctrungbnhcaccngnhkinh tkhc,chnghnnhtcphttrinbnhqungiaion20002008cangnh BS cao hn mctrung bnh ca cc ngnhkinh t trong c nc v s lng doanhnghipl20%,slaong l11%,ngunvnutl15%,tisncnh l6%,doanhthuthunl14%,linhuntrcthul182%,thuvcckhon npngnschl29%(TngccThngk,2010a).Ccchtiuolnghiuqu hotngkinhdoanhcangnhBSctctngtrngcaohnsovimc trungbnhcacnc,cbitlchtiutsutlinhuntrnvnkinhdoanhv tsutlinhuntrndoanhthucaohnmcchungcacnclnltl150% v82%(TngccThngk,2010a).Tctngtrngcaolnglcthuht uttrctipncngoivongnhlnnhtcnc,theoTngccThngk (2010b)ngnhBSthuht33,8%tngsvnuttrctipncngoicaVit Namtrongnm2009. CnggingnhccngnhkinhtkhcVitNam,ccgiaionphttrin cangnhBSphthucnhiuvoccgiaioncicchthchcaqucgia. Xemxtccvnbnphpluthngdnclinquan,oAnhKit(2010)chia qutrnhphttrinthtrngBSVitNamlmbagiaionltrcnm1993, t19932003,vtnm2003nnay.Cccimvbicnhnnkinhtca ccgiaiontrongqutrnhphttrinthtrngBSVitNamctmtt Bng1.1.

2. 2 Bng1.1:CcgiaionphttrincathtrngbtngsnVitNam Giaion Bicnhvkhungphpl cim Trc nm1993 Hinphpnm1980luttai nm 1987: Ngi s dng t chcquynsdng,khngc quyn chuyn nhng v cc quynkhc Ch yu l cc giao dch phi chnh thc. RttdoanhnghipkinhdoanhBS. SnphmBSrtths,chyul quynsdngt. Giaodchchyubngvng. Tnm 1993n 2003 Luttainm1993:ngis dng t c 5 quyn l chuyn nhng, tha k, cho thu, th chp v gp vn Php lnh 1994:ttccctchcsdng t vo mc ch kinh doanh chuynsanghnhthcthut Khng hong kinh t khu vc chu 1997 th im chnh sch giao t ti TP.HCM vo nm2000. Chnh thc xut hin ngnh kinh doanhBStiVitNam. BSchyulccgiaodchthcp. Ngoisnphmtth,cncthm hnh thc phn l bn nn rt pht trin. Khuvcncngoibtuquantm nthtrngBSVitNamvicc hnhthcBOT,BTvlindoanhvi trong nc pht trin sn phm trnh cao nh cao c cn h, vn phng cho thu, h tng khu cng nghip,bnbi. Giaion 2003n nay Nhiu vn bn php lut ra i iu chnh th trng: Lut tai2003,lutxydng,lut nh , lut kinh doanh BS Vit Nam gia nhp WTO th trngchngkhonphttrin. T nm 2008 n nay, Chnh ph p dng chnh sch tin t thtchtkimchlmpht. SngiaodchBSrai. SnphmBSadngtthsn caocp. C mi lin h khn kht vi th trngtichnh,chnhschtichnh nhhngrtlnnthtrngBS. Vi chnh sch tin t tht cht ca Chnhpht nm 2008lmhn ch giaodchtrnthtrngBS. Ngun:Tngkttthamkho oAnhKit(2010). 3. 3 Triquacc giaion hnhthnhvphttrin,nnay ngnhBSVit Namhnhthnhccsnphmkinhdoanhadngvthtrnghnhthnhnhiu dchvhtrchohotngcangnhnhdchvtvnphpl,quut, thmnhgitrBS.Tuynhin,ngnhBSVitNamcnmtstntixut phttchnhschiutitcaChnhphvhnhvicadoanhnghipBSnh sau: ivichnhsch iutitthtrngBScaChnhph: Bng1.1chothyccchnhschiutitcaChnhphctcngrtln ivictrngvsphttrincathtrngBSVitNam.Vitcpht trinnhanhcathtrngBSihiChnhphphibanhnhnhiuchnhsch iutitthtrng.Tnm2008n2010,ChnhphVitNambanhnh tngs49vnbnlutvdilutiutitthtrngBS1 .Tuynhin,cc chnhschbanhnh(nichungchocnnkinht,trongcngnhBS)tda trncslinktgiaccchththamgiathtrngnhdoanhnghip,ngi tiudng,ccnhchtichnhvcccquanqunlnhnclnnhau(Ohno, 2009Porter&cccngs,2010).iunyhmChnhphchanhnthcy tmquantrngcaccmnglilinkttrongvnhochnhchnhsch. Hqulnhiuvnbnphplutbanhnhcnrmrvchngcho(Porter& cccngs,2010). McdChnhphkhnhybntrongbanhnhccchnhschiutitth trngBS,nhngvncnthiuccchnhschtoracccngchtrvncho thtrng,cbitlccknhhuyngvndatrnslinktgiaccchth trnthtrng.Trongbicnhlmpht,Chnhphangngycng banhnhnhiu chnhschthtchtccknhhuyngvntkhchhng(Vnhnh,2010). Trongkhi,knhhuyngvndihnhthccchnhthclinktccchth thamgiathtrngthchacVitNam.ChnghnnhqutnthcBS(Real EstateInvestmentTrustREIT)chbtunhnthcmckhinimtiVit Nam, ch yulccqunc ngoiu t vothtrngtrong nc nhng 1 Thngkcatcgilunntrnwebsite:www.luatvietnam.vn (truycpngy12/03/2011). 4. 4 khngngk(TrnKimChung,2010)chachthngtndngnhnhThi Lan (lhthngnhntintcccungcpvnvayxydngnh)chach thngtitkimnhbtbucnhSingapore(BXydng,2010). Bivcccngchuyngvncnhnch,nnthtrngBSVitNam phthucrtnhiuvothtrngtndng,khilmphtxyra(tnm2008n nay)Chnhphptchnhschtintthtchtlmedastnticanhiu doanhnghipBS.Dovy,vncpbchhinnayiviChnhphlcnphi adngccknhhuyngvnngoingnhngvicchnhthcdatrnslin ktccchththamgiathtrngcthlmtlachnthayth.Munlmc iunycnphicmtkhunglthuytvslinktxhilmnntng. ivihnhvicadoanhnghipbtngsn: Thnht,trongcngtctmkimqutphttrindnuthnghingv ccdoanhnghipthucshunhnc(Porter&cccngs,2010).iuny cnhiuchuyngia(danhschnhkmphlc2)giithchmtphnldo yutlchslivngungctaitrongnnkinhtphnlnthucshu qucdntrcy,hocldoccdoanhnghipnhnccshtrtccc quanqunlnhnc.Mtkhc,tnhminhbchcaccthngtintrnccloith trng(trongcthtrngBS)VitNamhinnaycnrtkm(Porter& cccngs,2010),trongkhiqutphttrindnchyucthchin theoquytnhgiaotcacquanqunlnhnccphncng(oAnh Kit,2010).Dovy,viclachndoanhnghipgiaotphttrindnph thucrtnhiuvoccmiquanhcnhncachdoanhnghipvicnhnlnh ocacquanqunlnhnc. Bivlichmanglitccmiquanhvichnhquyncnhnthy rrng,nnphnlnccdoanhnghipchyuquantmnvicthitlpccmi quanhvichnhquyn,mnhithigianquantmncclichmang litmnglibntrongvccchthbnngoikhc.Ccdoanhnghiput thigian,thmchtinbcvovictmcchmcnivichnhquyntrcli, iunylmccmiquanhtrthnhngunlcctcngtiuccivinn 5. 5 kinht(theoktquphngvnchuyngiacalunnnm2010,danhschc nhkmphlc2).Vinhnthcnhvythdoanhnghiprtkhcthkhai thchtcc lichtccmiquanhphcvchohotngkinhdoanh. Thhai,DoanhnghipBSVitNamphnlnldoanhnghipvavnh. Trongthigny,quymvncadoanhnghipBScxuhngtng,nhng tnhnnm2007cn88%ccdoanhnghipBScquymdi50tng (con s nytnh chung cho cc ngnh kinh t c nc l 95%, xem Hnh 1.1), khong72%doanhnghipcquymlaongdi9ngi(consny tnhchung choccngnhkinhtcncl55%,xemHnh1.2).Ccdoanhnghipcquy m nhrtkhthamgiatosnphmvctrngcangnh BSlngnhthmdng vn,nuccdoanhnghipnysdngccmiquanhcnhndnhquyns dngqutthcngkhngckhnngtrinkhai.Lcttyusdnnhin tngchuynnhngdntrngiyt,lmygithnhvgibnBSth trngVitNamlncaotng isovimtsncChu(xemHnh1.3). Hnh1.1:S doanhnghip BStheoquymvn 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% Di 0,5t ng T0,5 n di1 tng T1 n di5 tng T5 n di10 tng T10 n di50 tng T50 n di 200t ng T200 n di 500t ng T500 tng trln Ttrongdoanhnghiptheoquymvn Cnc Btngsn Hnh1.2:S doanhnghip BStheoquymlaong 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Di 5 ngi 59 ngi 1049 ngi 50 199 ngi 200 299 ngi 300 499 ngi 500 999 ngi 1000 4999 ngi 5000 ngi trln Tlsdoanhnghiptheoquymlaong Cnc Btngsn Ngun:Tnhtontdliuiutradoanhnghipnm2007caTngccThngk(2010a). 6. 6 Hnh1.3:GibnvchothucnhhngsangtithtrngChunm2010 Ngun:Townsend(2011),trang8. Tuynhin,ccdoanhnghipcquymvnnhcthphttrindnbng cchhuyngvntbnngoi.Nhngtrnthtrng BSVitNamhinnaycc knhhuyngvnrthnch,ccdoanhnghipchyuvayvntngnhng thngmivsdngvnngtrccakhchhngphttrindn.iuny thhinrtrtrongthigiantnm2007nnay,khiChnhphkimchlm phtbngchnhschtintthtchttoplcchiphlivaylnccdoanh BS.Trcbicnh,bucccdoanhnghiptptrunghuyngvntkhch hngbngcchhgiccsnphmbtngsntrngiyt (xemHnh1.4v Hnh1.5) cvnhonthindn,nhmgimplclivay. Hnh1.4:Gichobncnh Hnh1.5:GichothumtbngTTTM Ngun:CngtyCBRE(trchtrongTownsend,2011) Thba,cchotngphnphisnphmtrnthtrngBSVitNam dinbinphctpvnhiucp.TheoctnhcaVnhnh(2010)thc 7. 7 khong80%ccgiaodchtrnthtrngBSlphichnhthc.Trcnm2007, thtrngBScngvichngkhon lmttrongnhngknhutphbinca ngidn(Vnhnh,2010),ngimuaBScngngthingvitrl nhu tBSnnygiBSlncao(xemHnh1.3). Mtkhc,theothngkcaCngtyCBRE(trchtrongTownsend,2011) trcnm2007,trungbnhmidncn95%khchhngcaCBREthnh phHChMinhmuanhbngngunvnvay.Dovy,tnm2007nnay, chnhschtintthtchtcChnhphsdngkimchlmpht,lmcho cuBSgimingk(NguynTrngHoi&HunhThanhin,2011). Tmli,haikhacnhtntitrnthtrngBSlchnhschiutit caChnhphvhnhvicadoanhnghipclinquannvicnhnthccha y v lich v tc hi ca cc mi quan h gia cc ch ththam gia th trng,nnchahochnhcchnhschsdngccmiquanhtiu.i vichnhschiutitvm,Chnhphchaquantmngmcnslinkt giaccchthtrnthtrngnndnnhiungcachnhschkhngcao mcdccchnhschiutitthtrngcbanhnhnhiunhngchatora sadngvcccngchtrthtrng,cbitlcccngchuyngvn chodoanhnghipBS.ividoanhnghipBSthchuschiphinhiubi miquanhcnhncalnhodoanhnghipvicccnhncquanqunl nhnc trongvictipcnqut,nndoanhnghipnhnthcvvaitrcacc miquanhblchlcvchakhaithctiuvchasdngccmiquanh phcvchocchatngkinhdoanh. Bivhaikhacnhtntitrn thtrngBSVitNamclinquann miquanhgiaccchththamgiathtrng,nnrtcnmtkhunglthuyt gipdoanhnghipvccnhhochnhchnhschnhnthcvlnghac ngunlctntitrongccmiquanhcadoanhnghip,cngnhchrang gpcachngtrongcchotngcadoanhnghip.T,lmcnckhoahc vthctingipdoanhnghipBSnhndinvhochnhccchngtrnhpht trinvsdngccmiquanhphcvhotngkinhdoanhngthiqua 8. 8 cngxcnhclunckhoahcvthctinvmilinktgiaccchth thamgiathtrng,nhmgipChnhphhochnhccchnhschiutitth trngBS. 1.1.2 Bicnhlthuyt Ngunlctntitrongccmiquanhlmtdngngunlcvhnh c cpnvitngilvnxhi.Vnxhicnhiunhnghincunh Coleman(1988,1990), Putnam(1995,2000), vNahapiet &Ghosal (1998)nh nghalmtdngngunlctntitrongccmngliquanhcchtlng(nh stnnhim,chias,htr)giaccchththamgia.Cclthuytkinhttha nhnvnxhilnntngraquytnhcaccchthtrongnnkinht,chng chiphihnhvicadoanhnghip,ngitiudngvccchnhschvmca Chnhph,vccquylutkinht(Wilson,2000Wills&cccngs,2004).Do vy,vnxhicnghincudinhiucpkhcnhaunhqucgia,cng ng,doanhnghip(Woolcock&Narayan,2000). cpdoanhnghip,vnxhicadoanhnghipccpnnhl chtlngcc miquan hcalnhodoanh nghipmiquanhca doanh nghipviccchthbnngoichtlngmiquanhgiacccnhn,bphn chcnngbntrongdoanhnghip.Ccnghincuvnxhitrongdoanhnghip cpntng khacnh ringbitktrn,cthtngktmtvinghincutiu biunhsau: ivivnxhicalnhodoanhnghip:Ccnghincugny nh McCallum & O'Connell (2009), Truss & Gill (2009), Par & cc cng s (2008), Wharton&Brunetto(2009), Cialdini&cc cngs(2001), Tushman& OReillyIII(1997),Acquaah(2007)ccpnvnxhicalnhodoanh nghipnhlchtlngcaccmngliquanhcalnh o:tnhhungh,h trlnnhau,quynlc,scngnhncaxhivs camkt.Tuynhin, cc nghincunychaxydngcthangochtlngchotngmngliquan hcalnho,nnkhngtoracccgixydng,phttrinvnhgi vnxhi. 9. 9 ivivnxhibnngoi:CcnghincucaJansen&cccngs (2011),Yang&cccngs(2011),Landry&cccngs(2000)cpnvn xhibnngoidoanhnghiplchtlngccmiquanhgiadoanhnghipvi ccchthtrongmnglichiungang(khchhng,nhphnphi,nhcungcp, ccdoanhnghiptrongcngtpon,nvtvn,nghincu,ccithcnh tranhtrongcngngnh)vmnglichiudc(chnhquyncccpvcccng tymcontrongcngtpon).Ccnghincunykhngxydngthango chtlngmiquanhchotngchthtrongmngli,mthayvolcp nchtlngcamiquanhgiadoanhnghipviccchthbnngoini chung. Vi cc thangoc xy dng nh vythrt kh c th gip doanh nghipphttrinvnhgivnxhibnngoi. ivivnxhibntrong:Cnhngnghincucpnvnxhi bntrongcadoanhnghipthhinquamiquanhgiacccnhnvbphn chc nng, chng hn nh nghin cu ca Schenkel & Garrison (2009), Nisbet (2007),Goyal&Akhilesh(2007), Cheng&cccngs(2006).Ccnghincu nytipcnvnxhibntrongdoanhnghiplchtlngccmiquanhgia nhnvinvgiaccbphnchcnngvinhau.Nhngccnghincunycha xydngthangovnhgitcngcachngnktqucchotngca doanhnghip,nnchagiccchthcxydngvsdngvnxhicho doanhnghip. Ccnghincu ktrnchcpntngkhacnh v vn xhica doanhnghip,chkhngolngvnxhicadoanhnghipbaohmcbakha cnhmnglilnho,bnngoivbntrongdoanhnghip.iunydnn ktqunghincurtkhcthxydngccchtiuolngvnhgivnx himtcchtondin.Dovy,rtcnthitphicmtnghincuxydngcc thango vnx hibao hm cbakha cnhbn ngoi, bntrong vlnho doanhnghip,tgiccchtiuolngvnhgivnxhicadoanh nghipmtcchtondin.Hnna,ccnghincuktrncthchinkhng phithchinivingnh BS. Comment[D1]:Honitht 10. 10 Nhvy,vicclthuythintithchagiiquytcvnthctin traividoanhnghipBSVitNamlcnmtkhunglthuytgipdoanh nghipvccnhhochnhchnhschnhnthcvlnghacngunlc tntitrongccmiquanh(vnxhi)cadoanhnghip,cngnhchrang gpcavnxhitrongcchotngcadoanhnghipthngquagip doanhnghipnhndinvhochnhccchngtrnhnhmphttrinvnxhi phcvhotngkinhdoanh.Dovy,rtcnphinghincuvvnxhing gpvocchotngcadoanhnghipBSVitNam. 1.2 MCTIUNGHINCU Nhgiithiu, haikhacnhtntitrnthtrngBSVitNaml chnhschiutitcaChnhphvhnhvicadoanhnghiplinquannvic chanhnthcyvlichvtchicaccmiquanhgiaccchth thamgiathtrng,haynicchkhcllinquannvnxhi.Trongkhi, cclthuytvvnxhitrongdoanhnghipchcnghincuringltng khacnhvnxhibnngoi,bntrongvlnho,vchngcthchin khngphiivingnhBSVitNam,nnchagiiquytcvnthc tin t ra. Nghin cu ng gp ca vn x hi vo cc hot ng ca doanh nghipBSVitNamcthchinnhmgpphnpngyucutthctin, viccmctiunghincu calunnnhsau: 1. Khmphvolngcutrccavnxhivcchotngtrongqu trnhkinhdoanhcaccdoanhnghipBSVitNam. 2. Xydngmhnhlthuytvnggpvnxhivocchotngca doanhnghipBSVitNam. 3. Kim nhthang ov m hnh l thuyt cho trng hp in hnh: cc doanhnghipBStithnhphHChMinh. 4. xutnhnggichnhschgipdoanhnghipBSthnhphHCh Minhnngcaoktqucchotngthngquasdngvnxhi.ng 11. 11 thigichnhschgipccnhhochnhchnhschvChnhphh trdoanhnghipBSVitNamphttrincchnhthclinktxhitch ccvhnchcchnhthclinktxhitiucc. 1.3 CUHINGHINCU CcmctiunghincunutrnnhmgipdoanhnghipBSnhndng cutrcvnxhivcchotngcadoanhnghipBS,cngnhchrang gpcachng vo cc hot ng ca doanh nghip. Qua gipdoanh nghip nhnthcvhochnhchinlcsdngvnxhiphcvchocchotng kinhdoanh,cngnhthngqualmcsChnhphhochnhccchnh schvmnhmhnchcchnhthclinktcchitiuccvhtrdoanh nghipBSphttrinvnxhi.Lunn nghincu nggpcavnxhivo cchotngcadoanhnghipBSVitNamcthchinviccmctiu trn,nhmtrlicccuhinghincusau: 1. VnxhivcchotngtrongdoanhnghipBSVitNamcnhn dinvolngnhthno? 2. VnxhinggpvocchotngtrongdoanhnghipBSVitNam nhthno? 3. NuvnxhicnggpvocchotngcadoanhnghipBS,th nhnggichnhschnonhmnngcaohiuquhotngchodoanh nghipBSthngquasdngvnxhicngnhgichnhschno gipChnhphiutitthtrng BStheo hnghtr doanh nghip phttrincchnhthclinktxhitchccvhnchcchnhthclin ktxhitiucc? 1.4 PHMVIVITNGNGHINCU Phmvinghincu: Nhnutrn,vnxhicnghincudinhiucpnhquc gia,cngngdnsvdoanhnghip.Tronglunnnychyunghincuvn xhidicpdoanhnghiptrongmtngnhcth lngnhBS. Comment[D2]:Cshonivtr 12. 12 itngnghincu: itngnghinculccdoanhnghipBScngthihaichcnng kinh doanh:tosnphm vphnphi sn phmBS. itng xydng thango v cc githuytnghin cul ccdoanh nghipBSVitNam. Cc thangovmhnhnghincuckimnhchotrnghpinhnhlcc doanhnghipBStithnhphHChMinh. 1.5 PHNGPHPNGHINCU Nghincucalunncthchingmhaigiaionl:(1)xydng thangovmhnhlthuytv(2)kimnhthangovmhnhlthuytcho trnghpinhnh,cthnhsau: Giaianmt:Lckholthuytclinquanthitkdnbitho luntayiphcvchonghincunhtnhlnthnhtnhmkhmphcutrc vphttrinthangosbca vnx hivcchotngcadoanh nghip BS.itngtholuntayilccgimchocphgimcdoanhnghip BSVitNam bng phngphpchn theomctiu. Sauthchinnghincunhlngsbtrnmugm150quanstl ccgimcdoanhnghipBSthnhphHChMinhtheophngphpchn muphntngphixcsut(phntheoloihnhshudoanhnghip)nhgi sbvtnhnhtqunvcutrcthango.Haicngcsdngtrongnghincu nhlngsbl(1)hstincy(Cronbachsalpha)vphntchnhntkhm ph(ExplorataryFactorAnalysis,khiulEFA).Nghincusbssnglc thangovxcnhccutrcthangodngchonghincuchnhthcgiai on hai. Saukhinghincunhlngsbgipnhhnhccutrcthango lmcschovicnhngharrngvcckhinimnghincu.Cngvic tiptheolthitkdnbitholuntayinghincunhtnhlnthhai xydngmhnhlthuytviccgithuytvnggpcavnxhivocc hotngcadoanhnghipBSVitNam. 13. 13 Giaionhai:Kimnhthangovccgithuyttrongmhnhnghin cuchotrnghpccdoanhnghipBStithnhphHChMinhtrncmu khost l216doanh nghipvi itunglgimchocphgimc cc doanhnghipBS.Cmunghincugiaionhaitrncskthacmu cagiaionmt(doktqunhgisbthangogiaionmtrttbin quanstbloi),vcngchnmutheophngphpphntngphixcsut(phn theoloihnhshudoanhnghip). Dliuthuthpcsdngnhgi thangobngcngchstincy(Cronbachsalpha),phntchnhntkhm ph(EFA)vphntchnhntkhngnh(ConfirmatoryFactorAnalysis,khiu lCFA)nhgitngthchvidliu,tnhnnguyn,gitrphnbit, gitrhitiuchnhmhnhnghincu.Cuicnglkimnhmhnhl thuytbngcngcmhnhcutrctuyntnh(StructuralEquationModeling,k hiulSEM)rtraktlunvnggpcavnxhivocchotngca doanhnghipBS.Tlmcschotholun chnhschnngcaoktquhot ngcadoanhnghipthngquasdngvnxhivgichnhschvm choChnhphiutitthtrngBStheohnghtrdoanhnghipphttrin cchnhthclinktvnxhitchccvhnchcchnhthclinktxhi tiucc. 1.6 NGHACANGHINCU 1.6.1 nghakhoahc Nhiunhnghincuhoinghivicsdngkhinimvnxhitrong ccnghincukinhtvquntrbitnhkholngcan.cnhiunghin cunlctrongvicolngvnxhitrntngkhacnhringlnhmng licalnhodoanhnghiphocbnngoihocbntrongdoanhnghipnn ccthangovnxhicadoanhnghipbkhimkhuyt.Hnna, ccnghin cutrcycthchinkhngphithucngnhBSnnvnchachra cnggpcavnxhivocchotngdoanhnghipBS.Dovy,nu mctiunghincucalunnhonthnh dkins cnhng nggpnhsau: 14. 14 Thnht,ccnghincutrcychcpntngkhacnhringlv vnxhicadoanhnghipnnvicnhndinchngcnkhimkhuyt.Vimc tiunghincucalunnlxydngthangovnxhidatrnnntngl thuyt,kthpvinghincunhtnhtiVitNamvnghincuinhnhti thnhphHChMinh,skvngnggpvmtkhoahclxydngc thangovnxhiyhnccnghincutrc,mbogitrnidung v tincy cthkthachoccnghincutiptheoclinquan. Thhai,vimctiunghincucalunnlkhmphvolngcc nhmhotngcadoanhnghipBSdatrnlthuyt,kthpvinghincu nhtnhtiVitNamvkimnhinhnhtithnhphHChMinh,sk vngxydngcccthangohotngcadoanhnghipBSmbogitr nidungv tincy khngnhgitrkthachoccnghincuclinquan tiVitNam. Thba,vimctiunghincucalunnlxydngmhnhlthuyt vnggpcavnxhivoccdoanhnghipBSVitNamvkimnhcho trnghpinhnhtithnhphHChMinh,skvngchranhngnggp trctip, gintipcavn xhi vo ccnhm hotngcadoanh nghipl bngchngkhoahckhngnhvnxhilmttrongnhngngunlccn cbsungtrongcngtchochnhvthchinchinlckinhdoanhca doanhnghipBS,cngnhtrongcngtchochnhchnhschvmiutit thtrngBS.Hnna,ktqunghincunysgpphnkchthchnhng nghincutiptheovmilinhgiavnxhivcchotngtrongqutrnh kinhdoanhkhngchngnhBSmcn iviccngnhkinhtkhc. 1.6.2 nghathctin Nutcccmctiunghincuvtrliccuhinghincu nntrn,lunnkvngcnhngnggpvmtthctinchoccdoanhnghip BSvcccquanqunlnhncivingnh BScaVitNamnichung, thnhphHChMinhniringnhsau: 15. 15 Thnht, vi mc tiunghincucalun nlxy dngv kimnh thangovnxhi,sdnglmcncgiccmctiuvtiucholng vnxhivibakhacnhlchtlngmnglibntrong,bnngoivca lnhodoanhnghip.Qua, gipdoanhnghipBSnhndngckhunkh to lp, duy tr v s dng vn x hi trong doanh nghip BS. T , doanh nghipcthhochnhccchngtrnhphttrinvsdngvnxhinng caoktqucchotng. Thhai,vimctiunghincucalunnlxydngcccthango choccnhmhotngcadoanhnghipBS,ngthichrachracmi linhgiacchotng,slcsgiccchtiuolngktquhot nguvo,snxutvurachodoanhnghipBS.nggpnysgip doanhnghipBSnhgicktqucahotngtrongdoanhnghipcah chonthinhn. Thba,vimctiunghincucalunnlxcnhcutrccavnx hi v khng nhs ng gp ca chng vo cc hot ng ca doanh nghip BS,kvngchractcngtiuccvtchcccacchnhthclinkt xhicadoanhnghipngnhBScaVitNam.llunckhoahcgip chocccquanlpphp,qunlnhnccptrung ngvaphnglinquan n th trng BS nhn din s vn ng ca ngun lc vn x hi trn th trng.tkpthicnhngchnhschphthuycchnhthclinktvn xhitchcc,ngthihnchcchnhthclinktvnxhitiucctrong thtrng BSqucgia. Cuicnglktqunghincucalunnsphcvchocchiphi BSVitNam,hiphiBSthnhphHChMinhnhndincsquantm caccthnhvinkhithamgiahiphi,banchphnhcchiphitorac ccgitrtmnglilinktphcvlichcaccthnhvinthamgia. 16. 16 1.7 BCCLUNN Ktcucalunnctrnhbytrongsuchng.Ni dung catng chngnhsau: Chng1,giithiutngquanvtinghincubaogm:vnnghin cu(bicnhthctin vlthuyt)nhn dng c hi nghincu, mctiu nghincu,phmvivphngphpnghincu, vdkinnhngnggpv mtkhoahcvthctincalunn. Chng2,trnhbycslthuytvkhungphntchvmilinhgia vnxhivcchotngcadoanhnghipBS.Trchtllckhoccl thuytxydngnhnghavnxhisdngcholunn.Knllckho cclthuytvcchotngtrongqutrnhkinhdoanhcadoanhnghipnhm xcnhcutrccavnxhivcchotngcadoanhnghipBS.T chrakhehngnghincuvkhungphntchvmilinhgiavnxhiv cchotngcadoanhnghipBS. Chng 3, trnh by quy trnh v phng php thc hin nghin cu. Chngnysnuraquytrnhthcnghincugmhaigiaion:Giaionmt lxydngthangovmhnhnghincuGiaion2lkimnhthangov mhnh nghin cuchotrnghpin hnhtithnhphHChMinh. Giai onthnhtltnghincunhtnhlnthnhtxydngthangosb, knlnhgisbthangohnhthnhthangochnhthc,nghincu nhtnh lnthhaihnhthnhccgithuytvmhnhnghincu.Giaion thhailtrnhbycccngcsdngchonghincunhlngnhmkimnh thangonhhstincy(Cronbachsalpha),phntchnhntkhmph(EFA), phntchnhntkhngnh(CFA)kimnhccgithuytnghincubngm hnh cu trc tuyn tnh (SEM). Bn cnh , chng ny cng trnh by cc phngphpchnmu,tiuchunxcnhcmutrongtnggiaionnghin cu. Chng4,xydngthangovmhnhnghincuchotrnghpngnh BSVitNam.Trchtlxydngthangobngphngphplinhlthuyt 17. 17 vkthpvinghincunhtnhlnthnht.Ccthangocnhgisb bngnghincunhlngvicngcsdnglCronbachsalphavEFAtrn 150quanst.Saucnglnghincunhtnhlnthhaihnhthnhccgi thuytvmhnhnghincu. Chng5,trnhbyktqukimnhthangovccgithuytnghincu xydng chng4chotrnghpinhnhlccdoanhnghipBSti thnhphHChMinh.Chngnyxcnhitngvcmudngkim nh thango. Ktqu kimnhthangobng cccng cCronbachs alpha, EFA,CFAnhmcphhpcamhnhvidliu,tnhnnguyn,gi trphnbit,tincytnghpvphngsaitrch.Saulkimnhccgi thuyt nghincu vphntchng gpcavn xhivocc hotng ca doanhnghipbngphngphpmhnhcutrctuyntnh(SEM).Quanh gimcphhpcamhnhlthuytcxydngvxcnhccccn cginhngchnhsch chng6. Chng6,tmttktqunghincuvnggpcavnxhivocc doanhnghipBS.Quagimtschnhschnhmgpphngipdoanh nghipnngcaoktqucchotngthngquasdngvnxhicadoanh nghipngthigiccchnhschvmnhmhtrdoanhnghipBSpht trincchnhthclinktxhitchccvhnchcchnhthclinktxhi tiucctrongthtrngBS.Cuicngltrnhbynhngnggpvmtkhoa hcvthctin,cngnhnhnghnchcalunnvnhhngnghincu tiptheo. Phncuicngcalunnldanhmccccngtrnhcatcgiclin quannlunn,danhmccctiliuthamkhovccphlc. 18. 18 CHNG2 CSLTHUYTVKHUNGPHNTCHVMILINHGIA VNXHIVCCHOTNGCADOANHNGHIP BTNGSN Chng2slckhoccquanimtiubiuvvnxhilachn ccyutcuthnhvnxhisdngtronglunn,ngthikthpvicc chthtrongmngliquanhcadoanhnghipxydngcutrcvnxhi cho doanh nghip. K n l xem xt cc l thuyt v qu trnh hot ng ca doanhnghipBSchraccnhmhotngcadoanhnghipBS.Saucng ltchhphaikhacnhtrnphttrinkhungphntchvmilinhgiavn xhivcchotngcadoanhnghipBS. 2.1 TNGKTLTHUYTVVNXHI 2.1.1 Qutrnhhnhthnhkhinimvnxhi Giaiontnm2000trvtrc: Woolcock&Narayan(2000,trang229)chorng: CmtvnxhicsdnglnutinbiHanifan(1916),sau chngbinmtitrongvithpkvtihintrlivonhngnmcathpk nmmibiccnhxhihcSeeley,SimvLoosely(1956),nhngnmca thpksumibinghincucaHomans(1961),Jacobs(1961),vnhngnm cathpkbymibinhkinhtLoury(1977).Khngaitrongscctcgi trchdnccnghincutrc,nhngttcucpnnggpquan trng ca cc mi lin kt, rng buc trong cng ng. Cc nghin cu ca Coleman(1988)v giodcvPutnam(1993)vsthamgiacacngngvth chcungcpnguncmhngchonghincuxungquanhcclnhvc:cng nggiodcquntryt vmitrngvkinhtphttrin. Mcdvy,ccnhnghincugnyphttrinkhinimvnxhida trncckhinimcxutchyubiccnghincucaBourdieu(1986), 19. 19 Coleman (1988, 1990), Putnam (1993, 1995, 2000), Fukuyama (1995, 1997), v Nahapiet&Ghosal(1998). TheoquanimBourdieu(1986),vnxhilccngunlctntitrong ccmilinhgiacccnhnhoctchc(gichunglchth)trongbicnh xhi,thngquaccchthnhnclichtmngliquanhnhd dng huy ng cc ngun lc khc v to ra ngun vn con ngi. Tuy nhin, Bourdieuchaphnloiccutrccamngliquanhcacccnhnv chacpnccyutchtlngccmiquanhnnrtkhcthxy dngcctiucholngvnxhidatrnnhnghany. CngtngtnhBourdieu(1986),Coleman(1988,1990)chorngvnx hicthnhhnhquanhngthayitronglinhgiangivingi,cth l nhng lin h d dng ho hnhng. im tin b hn so vi Bourdieu l Colemanchracbakhacnhbiuhinchtlngcavnxhi,baogm: nghav,skvng,thngtinlnnhauvchunmctntigiaccquanhx hi.Bakhacnhtrnvsaucnhiunghincukthaphttrinthang o v chtlng ca cc mngli x hi nh nghin cu ca Cohen & Field (1998),Chou(2003). Tuynhin,hnchColeman (1988,1990)vBourdieu (1986) vnchachraccutrccaccmngliquanh. NahapietvGhosal(1998)cngcquanimvvnxhitngtnh BourdieuvColemankhichorngvnxhibaogmccngunlcthctv timnbntrongmngliccmiquanhcshubimttchchocc nhntrongxhi(gichunglchth),thngquamngliccchthtrong xhihuyngcccngunlckhc.Nahapiet&Ghosal(1998)cnchraba khacnhcavnxhil(1)khacnhcutrcmngli:chranhngaitrong hthngphncpmngli,tnsutktnigiaccchth,ktcutrongmng li(2)lkhacnhquanh:biuhinchtlngcaccmiquanh nhstn cn,kvngvchiaslnnhaugiaccchthtrongmngliv(3)lkha cnhnhnthc:lnhngquynhvschias,ngnng,khiugiaotip vhnhxvinhautrongmngli.Thcrabakhacnhcpnvnxhi 20. 20 ca Nahapiet & Ghosal l cch l gii khc v ba kha cnh c cp bi Coleman (1988, 1990). Thc cht ba kha cnh ca vn x hi ca Nahapiet & Ghosal(1998)thkhacnhcutrccpnscuthnhmngli,khacnh quanhvnhnthccpn yutchtlngcamngli.Vsauc nhmnghincuLandry&cccngs(2000)sdngchophntchvnxhi trongdoanhnghip.Tuynhin,cnggingnhColeman(1988,1990)vBourdieu (1986),Nahapiet&Ghosal(1998)vnchaphnloirccloimngliquan h. TrongccnghincucaFukuyama(1995,1997)khngnhtmquan trngcathuctnhchtlngmngliquanhlstncnnhhngns thnhcngtrongcchotngkinht.Dovynm1997,ngchrrngvn xhicthcnhnghanginnhstnticaccgitr,chunmcx higipccthnhvinvndnghptclnnhau(Fukuyama,1997).Trongcc nghincucaFukuyamanhnmnhntmquantrngcathuctnhcht lng cacc mngli quan h, nhng cng cnhnghn chgingcc nh nghincutrcnhColeman(1988,1990)vBourdieu(1986),Nahapiet& Ghosal(1998)lchaphnloiccutrccamngliquanh. Putnam(1993)tiptckhngnhtmquantrngcachtlngmngli quan hlstncn,ccchunmcxhi.Vinmsau,ng(Putnam,1995)b sungthmmtlunimnavchtlngca miquanhlskvngca nhngngithamgiamngli.nnm2000,ng (Putnam,2000)phnbit cchnhthclinktxhilcocmvonhau(bondingsocialcapital),loivn rabnngoi(bridgingsocialcapital).Loicocmvonhaugytcngtiucc choxhiloivnrangoictcngtchccchoxhi.Putnam(2000) phnloiccutrccaccmnglixhithnhhainhmlnhmquanh dinratheochiungangvquanhdinratheochiudc.Cutrclinkttheo chiungangmtcchtnhnguyndatrnlngtinsgiatngnngsutchox hi.Trongnhngxhimstncnkhngcao,stngtchngngangbthay thbiccmiquanhtheochiudcthkhngcvnxhitchcc(Putnam, 21. 21 2000). Nh vy, im tin b hn ca Putnam (2000) so vi Bourdieu (1986), Coleman(1988,1980),Nahapiet&Ghosal(1998)vFukuyama(1995,1997)v vnxhilphnloicccloimngliquanhtheochiungangvchiu dc.ThmvoPutnam(2000)cngchraccutrccamiquanhc tcngtiucc(cocmvonhau)vtchcc(vnrabnngoi)choxhi. Khinimnghincuvvnxhichnhthnhhonthinktkhic nghincucaPutnam(2000).Vnxhicthtngktbihaictrngl(1) chtlngcaccmngliquanh(haygilkhacnhnhnthc)nhstn cn,htr,kvnglnnhauvccchunmc,quytchnhx,vcchnhthc linktcocmvonhau,vnrabnngoivktni(2)cutrccamngli baogmccutrongmngli,tnsutktnigiaccchth,nhndinch ththamgiamngli,vcutrcquanhchiungangvchiudc. Giaionsaunm2000: Ccnghincuvvnxhisaunm2000vnchathybsungthmc trngnovkhinimvnxhi.Ccnghincuchyusdngccctrng cachtlngmngliquanhtrongccmnglikhcnhauxcnhvn xhi.Tsaunm2000,ccnghincuvvnxhicolngdinhiu cpkhcnhaunhcpqucgia,cngng,giacccngtyvtrongnib cngty. cpqucgiavcngngthcnhiunghincuxydnghthng olngvnxhichoqucgia.ChnghnnhSabatini(2005)xydngh thngolngvnxhiABS(2004)olngvnxhicHarperv Kelly(2003)olngvnxhiAnh,vLisakka(2006)olngvnxhi PhnLan.Huhtccnghincuolngvnxhicpqucgiaupht trinccchsolngdatrnhaiyutlchtlngquanhvcutrcmng li. Cngtngt,cpdoanhnghipccnhnghincuphttrinvnx hidatrnhaictrngchtlngmnglivcutrcmngli.Davocu 22. 22 trcccmngliquanhmccnghincucpnbanhmmnglixhi cadoanhnghiplmngliquanhcalnho, mnglibnngoi(gia doanh nghip vi cc n v bn ngoi) v mng li bn trong (ni b doanh nghip) + kha cnh lnh o doanh nghip c nghin cu ca Tushman & OReilly III(1997)vYliRenko&cccngs(2001).Ccnghincunycp nvnxhicalnhodatrnscmnhcamiquanhcalnhovi cc ch thnhbnb,bnb,nhtvn,chnhquyn vcc c quantruyn thng. +khacnhbnngoidoanhnghipcnghincucaLandry&cngs (2000),Yang&cccngs(2011)olngvnxhicadoanhnghipdatrn ccctrngcachtlngmiquanhviccchthbnngoidoanhnghip. NghincucaScupola&cngs(2009)o lngvnxhitrongccmiquan hviccchthtrongcngmtkhuvcnhmkvngccchiphttrin kinhdoanh,tipcncccitcvccthngtinclinquanncngtyv cc miquan h c nhn gip tipnhnc s t vngii quyt vn kinh doanh,tichnh.Ktqunghincuchothyvnxhitcngcnghan hiusutvkhnngtipcnthtrng. +khacnhbntrongcnghincucaBrookes&cngs(2006),Yang &cccngs(2011) olngvnxhibntrongcadoanhnghipdatrnmi quanhgiaccbphnchcnngvcccnhn.NghincucaLee&cc cngs(2001)olngvnxhibngstngtcgiaccthnhvintrong cngnhmlmvicbiuhinquaschiasthngtin,kinthcvknngS tngtcnycvaitrnngcaonngsuthotngnhm. 2.1.2 Tngktccctrngcakhinimvnxhi Ccnhnghavvnxhinhlckhotrntuykhcnhaunhnglib sungchonhau.Tngktccquanimnycthnhnghavnxhiltng hpccngunlccacnhnhocnhmhoctchc(gichunglchth)tn titrongccmngliquanhcchtlng.nhnghanybaogmhainhm 23. 23 ctrnglcutrccamngli,chtlngmngliquanhckhiqut nhBng2.1. Bng 2.1:Tngktccctrngcavnxhitlckholthuyt Tcgi vnm Chtlngmngli Cutrcmngli Nhn thc mi quan h: Tn cn, chia s, h tr, chun mc, ngha v v s k vng lnnhau. Slinkt: Co cm vo nhau, vnrabn ngoi v ktni. Sthamgiavo cc t chc x hi: tn sut, mc kt ni, nhncsh trtmngli Cc knh tng tc. C cut chc mng li. Mi quanh chiu ngang, chiu dc. Buordieu(1986) X X Coleman(1988) X X Putnam(1993) X X Putnam(1995) X X Fukuyama (1995,1997) X X Nahapiet&Ghosal(1998) X X X Putnam(2000) X X X X X X Harper & Kelly, 2003) ABS, (2004) Sabatini (2005)Lisakka(2006). X X X X X X Landryvcngs(2000) Brookes & cng s (2006) Yang, Alejandro & Boles (2011) Lee & Pennings(2001). X X X X YliRenko, Autio, & Sapienza (2001) Scupola & cng s (2009) Tushman & OReily III (1997). X X Ngun:Tngkttlckholthuyt. 24. 24 Thnht,cutrcmngliquanhthhinquabakhacnh:(1)Ccu tchcmnglichobitnhngaithamgiamnglivvtrcahtrongmng linhthno(2)Ccchthtrongmngliquanhvinhauchiungang haychiudc(3)Ccknhtngtc(phngtintngtc)caccthnhvin trongmnglilinhvinhau. Thhai,chtlngcaccmngliquanhbiuhinquabakhacnhl (1)nhnthcvmiquanhnhstncn,kvngvchiaskinthc,kinh nghimlnnhaugiaccchthtrongmnglivccchunmctrongccmi quanh(2)sthamgiathhinquatnsutthamgiavoccmngli,mc ktni(phthuclnnhaugiaccthnhvintrongmngli)vmcnhn chtrtmngli(3)slinktthhinquacchnhthclinktcocm vonhau,vnrabnngoivktni. 2.1.3 Vnxhitrongcclthuytkinhthc Ccnhkinhthctchtrngnvicxydngthangolngvnx hi,mchyutptrungvovicsosnhvnxhiviccloivncinkhc vsdngvnxhinhlmtngunlcgiithchcchintng,quylutkinh t. Hans&Bolton(2003)chorngvnlmtiukintinquyttronghot ngkinhdoanhvcnthitphicmtquanimvvnxhicthsosnh vi vnvtth.Khisosnh vn x hi viccloivn cinkhc, Hans & Bolton(2003)chothycnhngtngngrrng,cngnhlnhngskhc bitdnhnthy giavnx hi vnhng loivn khc.Vn xhicnhiu imsuyluntngng nhvnvtcht(baogmmymc,cngcvthit b)vvnnhnlc.Vnvtchtctorabisthayitrongvtliumang linhngcngcphcvsnxutvnnhnlcctorabisthayitrong conngimanglinhngknng vkhnngtrongcchotngcnvnxhi ccthngquanhngsthayitrongmilinhgiaconngitoiu kinthunlichohotng.Nuvnvtchthontonhuhnh,cthhin tronghnhthcvtliucthquanstthvnnhnlcthuhnh,cthhin 25. 25 trongnhngknngvkinthcccungcpbimtcnhn,cnvnxhit huhnhnhtvntntitrongnhngmilinhgiacnhnvinhau.Ging nhchaivnvtchtvvnnhnlctoiukinhotngcnngsut, vnxhicngvy (Hans&Bolton,2003). Khitholunvvaitrcavnxhitrongccquylut,hintngkinh t,Wilson(2000)chorngvnxhivlngtinlhaictrngcnbncann tngraquytnhcaconngi,chngchiphihuhtccchth,ccchnh schvcchotngtrongnnkinht.Vnxhitcngntngtrngkinh t ca quc giathngqua chiphintnh kh thi ca chnh sch v m, mi trngkinhdoanh,chiphgiaodch,ccrocngianhpngnh(Daut,2006).Vn xhiquytnhnccchnhschcaChnhphtrongvictoracctnhchc chnhockhngchcchniviccloithtrng,tyquytnhkhilng giaodchhnghotrnthtrng(Carey&Lawson,2011).CnWills&cccng s(2004)thchorngvnxhigipgiiquytttccbitonhptc,lmt trongnhngnhntquantrngnggpvotngnngsutcavnutvlao ng. Cclunimvvaitrcavnxhitrongccquylut,hintngca nnkinhtcWallis&cccngs(2004)giithchdavodavohm nngsutcaHall&Jones(1999)nhphngtrnh2.1,trongyilsnlng bnhqunungicaqucgiai,Yiltngsnlngcaqucgiai,Kilvn vtth,Hilvnconngi,Lilslnglaong,Aidngolngtrnh cngngh: 1 i i i i i i K H y A Y L a a- = (2.1) Wallis&cc cngs(2004)arakchbnl chaiqucgiatngt nhauvvnvtth,conngivtrnhcngngh,skhcbitvnngsutc thgiithchbngskhcnhauvhiuqucathchvccchunmcxhi. Vnxhi(Si)thamgiavogiithchnngsutbiuhinphngtrnh2.2. 26. 26 1 i i i i i i K H y A Si Y L a a- = (2.2) Phngtrnh2.2chothyvnxhitcngnnngsutbnhqunca qucgiathngquatngnngsutlaongvnngsutvn. 2.2 CC CH TH TRONG MNG LI KINH DOANH V HOT NGCADOANHNGHIP 2.2.1 Ccchthtrongmngliquanhcalnhodoanhnghip Sthnhcngcamtdoanhnghipphthucrtlnvovaitrcangi lnh odoanhnghip.Lnh oltrungtmcachinlcvtodngccgitr vhnhchodoanhnghip(Barney,1991Ou &cccngs,2006Ray &cccng s,2004Roberts&Dowling,2002),cbitlvnhadoanhnghip.Tinhthn doanhnhncalnholngcthcysnngngcadoanhnghipvl yutnhhnglnnktqukinhdoanh(Wiklund&Shepherd,2003).Tinh thndoanhnhncthhinquanmyut,l:stinphongthchin,st qun,snhittnh,ginhvriro(assumptionofrisk)vscitin(Lee&cc cngs,2001).Nmyutnychunhhngcaccchthtrongccmng liquanhbaogmdngh,bnb,itckinhdoanh,ngnghip,cquan boch,quanchc/nhnvinthuccccquanqunlnhnc,cquannghin cu,ccculcb(Tushman&OReillyIII,1997). 2.2.2 Ccchthtrongmnglikinhdoanhthucmitrngbnngoi Porter(1985) xutmhnhnmplccnhtranhcpnbachth cmilinhtrongmnglikinhdoanhthucmitrngbnngoitheochiu nganglkhchhng,nhphnphi,nhcung cp,ithcnhtranh.Porter(1990) vLandry&cccngs(2000)b sungthmccch th thamgiatrongmngli kinh doanhca mitrngbn ngoi gmcc nht vn, cquanqunlnh nc,cquannghincuphttrinvcchiphi.Ccchthtrongmitrng kinhdoanhcthphnloitheoccmiquanhcadoanhnghiptheocutrc chiungangvchiudcctngktHnh2.1. Comment[D3]:Phnnychdnglikhm phccchthtrongmngli Comment[D4]:Phnnychyucpn mngliquanhchunglmcschonghin cunhtnhkhmphthango.Chartramng liquanhcalnhosdngtronglunn. 27. 27 Hnh2.1:Phnloiccch thtrongmngliquanhbnngoi Ngun:TngktlthuytcaPorter(1985,1990)vLandry&cccngs(2000) Ccchthquanhtheochiungangbaogmkhchhng,nhphnphi, nhcungcp,ccdoanhnghiptrongcngtpon,nvtvn,nghincu,cc ithcnhtranhtrongcngngnhmiquanhtheochiudcbaogmccmi quanhvichnhquyncccp,cccngtytrongcngtpan(cngtymvi cngtyconvgiacccngtyngcp).Ccchth trongmnglikinhdoanh bnngoicvaitrtorachi,thchthcvnhnglichchodoanhnghip dinhiukhacnhkhcnhau.Doanhnghipcnthitlpccmiquanhph hpvitngchthphthuynhnglithcngnhgimbtnhngyut bt li. Lithcnhtranhcadoanhnghipphthucvokhuvcttrskinh doanh (Porter, 1990). Doanh nghip c t trong cm lin kt tt nhn c nhiuchikinhdoanh,tuyndngnhns,giiquytcckhkhnvthtc phpl,tiuthsnphmvtmkimccnguncungcp.Porter(1990)chorng yu t quyt nh li th quc gia (c th suy lun tng t cho mt cm/ a phng)lcciukinvnhucu,ccngnhhtr,iukinuvo,cutrc vbicnhcnhtranh,sthayicamitrngkinhdoanhvChnhquyn/ Chnhph. Ccchththeomngli bnngoidoanhnghip Ccchth theomngliquanh chiungang: Khch hng, nh phn phi, nh cung cp, cc doanh nghip trong cng tp on,nvtvn,nghincu,cci thcnhtranhtrongcngngnh. Ccchththeomngliquan hchiudc: Chnhquyncccp. Cngtym con. 28. 28 2.2.3 Ccchthcamnglibntrongdoanhnghip TrongmhnhnmplccnhtranhcaPorter(1985)vbngimcn bng (balancedscorecard)caKaplan&Norton(1996)ccpnyutniti trong qu trnh kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Cc ch th tham gia trong mi trngniblcccnhn(ccvtrcngvic)vccbphnchcnngtrong doanhnghip.Ccchthnyltcnhnquantrngmbochoccqutrnh trongdoanhnghipclintcvthiuqu.Cnhiunghincucpn ccyutnhhngnhiuqucngviccaccchthtrongtchc.Chng hnccnghincucaRoberts(2006),Schaufeli&Salanova(2007),Luthans& Youssef (2007a,2007b), Lee& cc cngs (2001), YliRenko & cc cngs (2001), Koonmee & cc cng s (2010), Luthans & cc cng s (2008), v Ramstrm(2008)cpnccmiquanhgiacccnhn,bphnbntrong tchctcngnhiuqucngviccatngcnhntrongdoanhnghipni ringvcatonbdoanhnghipnichung.Nhngrttnghincucpn cc yu t nh hng n hiuqu ca cc b phn chc nng trong cng mt doanhnghip.Tuynhin,cnhnlunhotngtimtbphnchcnngcth, ccchthtrongmnglibntrongdoanhnghipcxcnhbaogmnhn vin,lnh ovccbphnchcnng.Ccchthnycphnloitheochiu ngangvchiudcctngktHnh2.2(phnchiatheocutrcmngli quanhcaPutnam,2000).Ccmiquanhtheochiungangccpn quanhgianhnvinvinhau,giaccbphnchcnngvinhaumiquan htheochiudcthhinmiquanhcnhncptrnvicnhncpdi,gia bphnchcnngcptrnvibphnchcnngcpdi. 29. 29 Hnh2.2:Ccmiquanhbntrongdoanhnghip Ngun:TngkttlckholthuytRoberts(2006),Porter(1985),Kaplan& Norton (1996), Schaufeli & Salanova (2007), Luthans &Youssef(2007a, 2007b), Lee&cctcgi(2001), YliRenko&cccngs(2001),Koonmee&cccng s(2010),vLuthans&cccngs(2008). 2.3 CUTRCVNXHICADOANHNGHIP Nhphntch mc2.2,cutrcmnglicadoanhnghipctch thnhbaloilmnglicalnho,mnglibnngoivbntrongdoanh nghip.Trongkhivnxhichaictrngcnbnlchtlngmngli vcutrccamngli.Dovy,ccnhnghincuvvnxhitrongdoanh nghipthngcpnvnxhicadoanhnghiptrnbakhacnhringll vnxhicalnh o,bnngoivbntrongdoanhnghip. 2.3.1 Vnxhicalnhodoanhnghip Cc nghin cu ca McCallum&O'Connell (2009), Truss &Gill (2009), Par&cccngs(2008),Wharton&Brunetto(2009),Cialdini& cccngs (2001)vAcquaah(2007)ccpnvnxhicalnhodoanhnghipnh lchtlngcaccmngliquanhcalnhonhtnhhungh,htrln nhau,quynlc,scngnhncaxhi,scamkt.Cn Tushman&OReillyIII (1997)thchracccutrccamngliquanhcalnhonhdngh,bn b,itckinhdoanh,ngnghip,cquanboch,quanchc/nhnvinthuc cccquanqunlnhnc,cquannghincu,ccculcb.Tuynhin,cha Cc miquanhbn trongdoanhnghip Miquanhchiungang: Miquanhgianhnvinvi nhau Mi quan h gia cc b phn chcnngngangcpvinhau Miquanhchiudc: Miquanhgiacnhncp trnvicnhncpdi, Mi quan h gia b phn chc nng cp trn vi b phnchcnngcpdi. Comment[D5]:Spxplitht 30. 30 thynghincunotchhphaiyutchtlngvcutrcmngliquanh nutrn hnhthnhthang ovnxhicalnh odoanhnghipBS.Nghin cucalunnstchhphaiyutchtlngvcutrcmnglixy dngthangochovnxhicalnh odoanhnghipBSVitNam. 2.3.2 Vnxhibnngoidoanhnghip Nhiunghincuvvnxhiccpnvnxhibnngoidoanh nghip nh nghin cu ca Jansen & cc cngs (2011), Yang & cc cngs (2011)vLandry&cccngs(2000).Ccnghincunycpnvnxhi bnngoidoanhnghiplchtlngccmiquanhgiadoanhnghipvicc chthtrongmnglichiungang(khchhng,nhphnphi,nhcungcp,cc doanhnghiptrongcngtpon,nvtvn,nghincu,ccithcnh tranh trongcngngnh)vmnglichiudc(chnhquyncccpvcccngtym controngcngtpon).Ccnghincunykhngxydngthangochtlng miquanhchotngchthtrongmngli,mthayvoltranhngcu hiolngchungvchtlngquanhcadoanhnghipviccchthbn ngoi. ivinghincucaLandry &cngs(2000)vvnxhitcngn scitincadoanhnghipCanada.Trongnghincunytipcnvnxhi datrnnhnthcvtmquantrngvstncncaccmngliquanhca doanhnghiptcngnnglccitinsnphm.Ktqunghincuchothy doanhnghipcnhnthcvtmquantrngcamnglivikhchhng,nh cungcp,nvtvn,cngtytrongcngtpon,hthngphnphicngcao thnglccitincngcao.Tuynhinccthangotrongnghincunykhng thhincckhacnhkhccachtlngmnglinhhtrvchias,cng nhchacpnccmnglibntrongvlnhocadoanhnghip.ng thithangokhngckimnhthngkvgitrhitvphnbit(ch kimnhtnhnhtqun).Dovy,lunnnykhngsdngliccthangovn xhibnngoitnhngnghincutrn,mxydngthangodatrncht 31. 31 lng ca cc mi quan h ca doanh nghip vi cc ch th bn ngoi doanh nghipBS. 2.3.3 Vnxhibntrongdoanhnghip Vnxhibntrongdoanhnghipccpntrongccnghincu gnynhSchenkel&Garrison(2009),Nisbet(2007),Goyal&Akhilesh(2007), vCheng&cccngs(2006).Ccnghincunytipcnvnxhibntrong doanhnghiplchtlngccmiquanhtheochiunganggianhnvinln nhauvccbphnchcnnglnnhauvccmiquanhtheochiudcgiac nhncptrnvicnhncpdi,giabphnchcnngcptrnvibphn chcnngcpdi.Nhngccnghincunychaxydngthangovnxhi bn trong v cha nh gi tc ng ca chng n kt qu cc hot ng ca doanhnghip.Mcdchaxydngthango,nhngvicchraccchthc tipcnvnxhibntrongdoanhnghipscnghincunykthapht trinthangochodoanhnghipBS. Nh vy, kt qu lc kho l thuyt cho thy vn x hi trong doanh nghipctipcntrntngkhacnhringllvnxhibntrong,bnngoi v lnho doanh nghip. Ba kha cnh ny c tip cn ring l trong tng nghincuchchacnghincunotrongsccnghincuclckho cpnvnxhicadoanhnghipbaogmcbakhacnhtrn.Dovy,vnx hicadoanhnghipnnayvncnkhimkhuyttrongvicolng.Nghin cunyskthpbakhacnhvnxhibnngoi,bntrongvlnh odoanh nghipxydngthangovnxhichodoanhnghip.Cutrcthangovn xhicadoanhnghipcminhhaHnh2.3. Hnh2.3:Cutrcvnxhicadoanhnghiptronglunn Ngun:Tngkttlckholthuyt. Scuthnhvcht lungmngli Vnxhibntrong Vnxhi bnngoi Vnxhi calnh o 32. 32 2.4 CCCTRNGCADOANHNGHIPBTNGSN 2.4.1 LchshnhthnhngnhBS Joroff&cngs(1993)mtBSnhlmttrongnmngunlccat chcbncnhccngunlckhcllaong,vn,cngnghvkinthcnh Hnh2.4.TngtviquanimcaJoroff&cccngs(1993),Krumm(2001) chorngctrngcaccqutrnhphttrincangnhBSgnlinviqu trnhphttrincacccngtytrongccnnkinhtnhBng2.2. Hnh2.4:Nmngunlccat chc Ngun:Joroff vcccngs(2003) Tronggiaionu,khicngtyccnnkinhtchyunhhngsn xutnia,chathchinchinlcquctho,thBSchngvaitrhtr choqutrnhmrnghotngcaccdoanhnghip.TronggiaionnyBS chyucquantmkhacnhkthutnhthitkvxydngchophhp vi cng nng sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Cc cng ty c b phn chuyntrchthchincngtcthuthitk,xydngvnphngnhxngcho ccchinhnh,trsnia. nccgiaiontnhngnm1980trliy,khitintrnhquctho, chuyn mn ho din ra nhanh v su sc, to ra p lc ln i vi cc doanh nghipvcnhtranhquctvimi cngngh.iunyihiccdoanh nghipphitptrung ngun lc cho vicnghincuphttrin cng ngh,pht trinphngthcphnphilinhhot,lachnaimgiaodchthunli.Do BS Kin thc Nhn vin Cng ngh Vn Cc ngun lc trong cc qu trnh ca doanh nghip 33. 33 , doanhnghipkhngthphntn ngunlcthc hin cchotng xy dngnhxng,vnphngttrschocccngtyconaphngvcca imphnphi.Thayvocccngtyithuhocmuasnphmdchvc linquannBS.Trcchi,nhiudoanhnghipcthnhlpp ngchoccnhucucanhiucngtytrnthgii,cbitlcccngtya qucgia,ngnh BScraivphttrint. Bng2.2:ctrngcadoanhnghipBSquaccgiaionphttrin Cctponaqucgia CccngtyBS T 1900 n 1940 Khuvcdch v nhhngnia. Hotngbnlchyu l cngty bnb. BShtrdoanhnghipmrng. Vai tr quan trng ca cc thnh vin bnb trongcccngtybnl. Khu vc sn xut Mrngqucthosm. Thnhlpcccngtycona phng do nhng kh khn kimsot. Thamgiavkthut. Lin kt gia nghin cu v kthut. T 1940 n 1980 Khuvcdch v Hotngnia. Chcnngtchc. Chinlctngtrng. TichnhchoBS. Cngtykintrc. Lachnvtr. Khu vc sn xut Hotngquctho. nhhngal. Ccuphnchia. Chinlcphttrin. Mrngtrschnh. BSnhlphngtinsnxut. BStrongphmviaphngtchc ccnvkinhdoanh. T 1980 n 2000 Khuvcdch v Mrngthngquaspnhp /muali. Mrngquct. adnghasnphm. al/nhhngthtrng TptrungBS. Titptrungvovaitrcacctrung tmngnhBS. Cchotngtptrungvohagiiv tvn. Khu vc sn xut Phnchiaccnhmvicc nvkinhdoanh. Xemxtlivaitrcatrs chnh. nhhngsnphm. Phnchiatheovng. Sngkinphihptronghotng BS. Cchotngtptrungvotvn BSctchctrongccnvkinh doanh. Ngun:Krumm(2001). Mtkhc,cngtronggiaiont1980trliy,Chnhphccncquan tmnhiuhnvicngtcquyhochtaitoiukinchosphttrinbn vng,cbitquyhochcckhu/cmcngnghip,th,trungtmthngmiv giaochodoanhnghipphttrinthnhccdnBS.KhingnhBSphttrin, 34. 34 choraicctchctichnhtrunggianphcvchongnh,cbitlngn hngchovay BS,qutnthcBS,quutBSvVitNamthngaicc thchlinquanBSnutrncnckhnnghnhthnhquphttrinnh, qu titkimnh. 2.4.2 CcctrngcaqutrnhkinhdoanhcadoanhnghipBS Cng nh cc ngnh kinh t khc, Krumm (2001) chia cc doanh nghip BSthnhhaikhuvclsnxutvdchv.Khuvcdchvthamgiavocc chuihotngtvnphpl,thitk,gimst,phnphivtvntichnh khu vc sn xut thc hin cc hot ng xy dng. Tng t lun im ca Krumm(2001),Nelen(2008)chrasulnhvckinhdoanhtrongdoanhnghip BSltmkimqutnghincumhnhphttrindntrnkhutvxin cpphpxydngdnhuyngvntmnguntichnhchodntm kimcngtyxydng(nhmmbotin,chiphvchtlng)tmkim khchhngchothu/bnsnphmbn(chothu)dnchoccnhut.Tch hpsulnhvckinhdoanhcadoanhnghipBSvimhnhchuigitrca Porter(1985),cthphnqutrnhkinhdoanhcadoanhnghipBSthnh3giai onl:(1)hotnguvoltmkimqut,muahocthuphttrind n,xincpphp,huyngvn(2)hotngsnxut:trinkhaixydngvcc hotngnhmmbotin,chtlngvchiph(3)hotngura:tm kimkhchhngchothuhocbn(xemHnh2.5). Hnh2.5:QuitrnhhotngcadoanhnghipBSnghchonghincu calunn Ngun:TchhpcclunimcaPorter(1985),Krumm(2001)vNelen(2008) Hotng uvo Timkimvmuaqut Xinphp Huyngvn. Hotng snxut Xy dng m bo: tin chi ph, cht lng. Hotng ura Tmkhchhngcho thu/bn,ktqubn hng. 35. 35 CcnhmhotngcadoanhnghipBScquanhmtxchchuigitrtrong mtdoanhnghip,vthnhgitondinktqukinhdoanh,doanhnghip cnnhgiktqucacbanhmhotng.ngthikhixemxtvaitrca vnxhitrongdoanhnghipBS,cnphicpnnggpcavnxhi vocchotnhmhotngny. 2.5 KHUNGPHNTCHCANGHINCU Nhphntch mc2.3xydngcbayutcuthnhvnxhil vn x hi bn trong, vn x hi bn ngoi v vn x hi ca lnho doanh nghip v mc 2.4 tng kt c cc nhm hot ng trong qu trnh kinh doanhcadoanhnghipBSlcchotnguvo,snxutvura.Mc tiutngqutcalunnlnghincunggpcavnxhivocchotng cadoanhnghipBSVitNam.tcmctiutngqutny,trcht phixy dng vkim nh ccthang o cho vn x hi v cchotng ca doanhnghipBS.Saulphntchnggpcavnxhivocchotng cadoanhnghip.KhungphntchctrnhbynhHnh2.6 Qualckholthuytvvnxhitrongdoanhnghip,chothyvnx hicccnghincutrcycpntngkhacnhringlnhvnx hibnngoihocvnxhibntronghocvnxhicalnho.Dovy,cc thangovvnxhibkhimkhuyt,khngcpyccmngliquan hclinquannttccchotngcadoanhnghip,nnchacungcpc mtlunchngkhoahcgipdoanhnghiptolp,phttrin,sdngvnhgi vnxhitrongdoanhnghip.Hnna,ccnghinculckhocthc hinkhngphiviitnglngnhBSnnccthangokhimkhuyt cngkhngphhpgichnhschxydngvnxhichodoanhnghip BS.Nghincucalunn scgngkhcphccckhimkhuytnutrnbng cchxydngthangovnxhicadoanhnghipBStiVitNambaohmba khacnhvnxhibntrong,bnngoivlnh odoanhnghip. CngtngtivicchotngcadoanhnghipBS,nghincuca lunnsxydngccthangochotngnhmhotng.Thngquaccthang 36. 36 ochotngnhmhotnglcsgipccdoanhnghipnhgiktqu hotng. CcthangovnxhivccnhmhotngtrongdoanhnghipBS cxydngdatrncslthuytclckhophntrn,kthpvi nghincunhtnhtidoanhnghipBSVitNam.Ccthangonyckim nhchtchtrckhisdngphntchnggpcavnxhivocchot ngcadoanhnghip. Hnh2.6:Khungphntchmilinhgiavnxhivicchotngca doanhnghipBS Ngun:xutcatcgilunn Mctiutngqutcalunnlphntchnggpcavnxhivocc hotngcadoanhnghipBS.Mctiunycthchindatrnccgi thuytnghincucnntnglthuytvthctinVitNam.Nghalccgi thuytvnggpcavnxhivocchotngtrongdoanhnghipBSphi Vnxhi bntrong Vn xhi ca lnh o Vnxhi bnngoi Scuthnh vchtlng mngli Hotng uvo Hotng ura Hot ng sn xut Cchotng cadoanh nghip Vnxhicadoanhnghip Ccnhmhotngcadoanhnghip Quanhnhnqu Biuhin/cpn 37. 37 cxydngdatrncclthuytclinquanvcsthanhncacc chuyngiatronglnhvcBSVitNam.Ccgithuytnghincunyc kimnhvmtnhlngkhngnhnggpcavnxhivocchot ngcadoanhnghipBS. 38. 38 CHNG3 PHNGPHPNGHINCU Chngnystrnhbyphngphpthchinccmctiunuratrong khungphntch Chng2.Trchtlthitkquytrnhthchinnghincut lckholthuytinxydngvkimnhcc thango,mhnhnghincu viccgithuytvnggpcavnxhivocchotngcadoanhnghip BSVitNam.Knltrnhbyccphngphpvthitkmunghincu chotngbctrongccgiaioncaquytrnhnghincu. 3.1 QUYTRNHNGHINCU giiquytvnnuratrongkhungphntchChng2vnggp ca vn x hi vo cc hotng ca doanh nghip BSVitNam. Quy trnh nghincucchiathnhhaigiaion:Giaionmt,xydngthangovm hnhnghincuviccgithuytnggpcavnxhivocchotngca doanhnghipBSVitNamGiaionhai,kimnhthangovmhnhnghin cuxutgiaionmtchotrnghpinhnhtithnhphHChMinh. Quytrnhthchinhaigiaionnghincuctrnhbycthnhsau: Giai on mt: Xy dng thang o v m hnh nghin cu vi cc gi thuytvnggpcavnxhivocchotngcadoanhnghipBSVit Nam,tronggiaionnycthchingmhaibc. Bc1lxydngccthango:Tkhungphntchhnhthnhc cckhinimvbinnghinculmcncsonthodnbitholuntayi dngchonghincunhtnhlnthnhtnhmxydngccthangosb.Sau lkhostth(khong10ngi)hiuchnhtnhnhtqunvcchhiuca itngphngvnvthango,thnhthnhbncuhidngchonghin cunhlngsb(nhgithangosb).Nghincunhlngsbc tinhnhtrn150gimc(hoclphgimc)nhgithangobngcng 39. 39 chstincy(Cronbachsalpha)vphntchnhntkhmph(EFA)nhm snglcthangosdngchonghincugiaionhailoi.. Bc2lxydnggithuytvmhnhnghincu:saukhinghincus bgiphonchnhcckhinimnghincu,lmcschothitkdnbitho luntayilnthhainhmkhmphmiquanhgiavnxhivcchot ngcadoanhnghipBS,hnhthnhmhnhnghincuviccgithuyt nggpcavnxhivocchotngcadoanhnghipBSVitNam. Giaionhai:Kimnhthangovmhnhnghincuchotrnghp inhnh.Giaionhaicthchin viccbcsau: Bc 3 l xc nh i tng vphm vi kimnh thangov cc gi thuytnghinculccdoanhnghipBSthnhphHChMinh.Saukhixc nhcitngvphmvinghincustinhnhsonthobnphngvn thhinccnidungcaccbinquanstchnhtrongmhnhnghincuvt chchunluynnhmiutrathuthpvlmschdliu. Bc4lkimnhthangobngcngchstincy(Cronbachsalpha) vphntchnhntkhmph(EFA),phntchnhntkhngnh(CFA)nh githchhp,tnhnhng,gitrphnbit,gitrhit.Saukhikimnh thango,mhnhnghincusciuchnhchophhpvidliu. Bc5lkimnhmhnhlthuytbngcngcmhnhcutrctuyn tnh(SEM)nhmrtraktlunvnggpcavnxhivocchotngca doanhnghipBS.Ttholunccchnhschnhmnngcaoktqucchot ngcadoanhnghipthngquasdngvnxhichongnhBStiVitNam nichungvtithnhphHChMinhniring.ngthiquacngxut ccchnhschvmnhmhnchcchnhthclinktxhitchccvhtr doanhnghipBSphttrinvnxhi. QuytrnhthchinnghincuctngktHnh3.1 40. 40 Hnh3.1:Quytrnhnghincucalunn Giaion Ccbcthchinnghincu Giai on mt: Xy dng thangovm hnh nghin cu. Bc1: Xydngccthango Bc2:Xydnggithuytvmhnhnghincu Giaionhai: Kim nh thangovm hnh nghin cu cho mt trng hp inhnh. Bc3:Xcnhitngvphmvinghincuinhnh Bc4:Kimnhthangovhiuchnhmhnhnghincu Bc5:Kimnhgi thuytvmhnhnghincu Ngun:xutcatcgilunn. Ghich:n lkhiucmu. Cslthuytvvnxhivcchot ngtrongdoanhnghipBS Khungphntch Nghincunhtnhlnthnht Thangosb Hon chnh thang ovnhhnhcc khi nim nghin cu Hiuchnhm hnhnghincu Phngvnth(n=10) Hiuchnhthango nhgisbthango(n=150) Nghincunhtnhlnthhai(n=10) Mhnhnghincu Xc nh i tng v phm vi kim nhthangovmhnhnghincu Thuthpdliu Kimnhthango Hiuchnhmhnh Kimnhmhnhnghincu Ktlunvgi chnhsch 41. 41 3.2 PHNGPHPNGHINCU 3.2.1 Phngphpxydngthango Ccthangotrongnghincunggpcavnxhivocchotng cadoanhnghipBSbaogmthangovnxhivccnhmhotngca doanhnghip.Ccthangocxydngtheophngphpnhsau: TlckholthuytChng2xcnhccutrccavnxhi (baogmchtlngcamngliquanhcalnho,bnngoivbntrong doanhnghip)vcchotngtrongdoanhnghipBS(baogmhotngu vo,snxutvura).Cncvothitkdnbitholuntayiphcv chonghin cunhtnhlnthnht(xemphlc1)viitng vphng phpchnmunhsau:(1)Mucthchintrncclnhodoanhnghip thucccloihnhdoanhnghipnhnc,doanhnghipcyutncngoiv ngoinhnc(xemdanhschchuyngiaphlc2)(2)Cmukhnggiihn chonkhicnphthinccvnmi.Thngtinthuthpcmt,phnloi vktnicckhinimhnhthnhthang otheocchthcsau: Hnhthnhthangovnxhi:Ccthngtinthuthpttholuntayi gipnhhnhcutrccaccmngliquanhcalnho,bnngoivbn trongdoanhnghipBS.Kthpcckhinimtrongcutrccmtvicc ctrngbiuhinchtlngcamiquanhhnhthnhccthangovnx hicalnh o,bnngoivbntrongdoanhnghipBS. Hnhthnhthangocchotngcadoanhnghip:Tvicphnloi cchotngcadoanhnghipBStheobanhmhotnguvo,snxutv ura.Kthpvisghinhnvmongicalnh odoanhnghipBStrong ccnhmhotngnyhnhthnhthang o. 3.2.2 Phngphpnhgisbthango Ccthangocxydngdatrnlinhlthuytvnghincunh tnhmbogitrnidung,nhngchakhngnhctincynncn cnhgisbtrckhithchinnghincuchnhthc.Vicnhgic thchindatrndliunghincu150gimcdoanhnghipBScchn 42. 42 theophngphpphntngphixcsut(phntheoloihnhshudoanhnghip) tithnhphHChMinh).Mctiucabcnylsnglcccbinnghincu quanstdngolngcckhinimnghincucptrongkhungphn tchcalunn.Ccbinquanstt yucudngavobncuhis dngchonghintrnghpinhnh.Mtkhc,quanhgisbcngxcnh licutrccacckhinimrrnghn,dnglmcncnghincunhtnh lnthhai, nhm khmph miquanh giavnx hi vcc hotng ca doanhnghipBS,thnhthnh ccgithuytvmhnhnghincu. Haicng cs dng trong nghin cu nh lngs b lh s tin cy (Cronbachsalpha)vphntchnhntkhmph(EFA).HsCronbachsalpha csdngloiccbinkhngphhpkhichngchstngquanbin tng(Itemtotalcorrelation)nhhn0,35vtiuchunchnthangokhinc hstincy(Cronbachsalpha)lnhn0,6(Hair&cctcgi,1998).Tuynhin, theo Nguyn nh Th v Nguyn Th Mai Trang (2008) th nu h s tin cy Cronbachsalpha>0,95thcngkhngttvccbinolnghunhlmt. Tiptheo,phngphpEFAcsdngloiiccbinquanstc trngsti(factorloading)nhhn0,5.Phngsaitrchhssdng(princical components)viphpquayvunggc(varimax)vimdngkhitrchccyut (eigenvalue)bng1.Thangocchpnhnkhitngphngsaitrchbnghoc lnhn50%vtrngsnhntlnnhtt0,5trln(Gerbing& Anderson, 1988). HsKMOnmtrongkhong0,5KMO1thcthxemphntchnhnt lthchhp.KimnhBartlettcmcnghanhhn0,05thcthxemcc binquanstctng quanvinhautrongtngth (Gerbing&Anderson,1988). 3.2.3 Phngphpphttringithuytvmhnhnghincu nhgisbthangonhhnhlicutrccacckhinimnghin cu.Tiptheoldavocutrcthangonhnghalicckhinimvnx hivcchotngcadoanhnghipkhmphgithuytnghincu.Ccgi thuytnghincucxydngbngcchlinhlthuytvnghincunh 43. 43 tnhlnthhaivicngctholuntayi,dnbitholunbaogmccni dungnhsau: (1)Giithiuvmcchnghincu. (2)nhnghacckhinimvnxhicalnho,bntrong,bnngoi doanh nghip v khc khi nim v hot ng u vo, sn xut v u raca doanhnghipBS.Phnnycxydngdatrnktqucanhgisb thango. (3)Tholunvmilinhgiaccthnhphncavnxhivitng nhmhotngcadoanhnghiphnhthnhmhnhnghincuviccgi thuytvnggpcavnxhivocchotngcadoanhnghip. 3.2.4 Phngphpkimnhthango chonghincuinhnh Doccthangomicxydnglnunnhaiphngphpnhgi thang o bng hstin cy (Cronbachs alpha) v phntch nhnt khm ph (EFA)cthchinlimtlnnagipsnglcsbvnhndngcutrc thango(Hairvcctcgi,1998).Tuynhin,cktluncuicngvgitr ca b thang o cn s dng phng php phn tch nhn t khng nh CFA (Hurley& cc tc gi, 1998, trch trong Nguyn nh Th & Nguyn Th Mai Trang,2008),vCFAchophpkimnhcutrclthuytcaccthangonh miquanhgiamtskhinimnghincuvicckhinimkhcmkhngb chchdosaisolng(Steenkamp&VanTrijp,1991,trchtrongNguynnh Th&NguynThMaiTrang,2008).Cctiuchnhgithangobngcngc CFAnhsau: Thnhtltnhnnguyn:Mtthangotctnhnnguynnu mhnhthangotngngtcthchhpchung(phhpvidliu). Mhnh cgiltngthchkhiphpkimnhChibnhphng(c2 )cgitr mc ngha (p) ln hn 0,05 (Kline, 2010). Tuy nhin v Chibnh phng c nhcimlphthucvokchthcmu.Do,cthsdngnccch tiu khc:numtmhnh cgitrCFIt0,9n1,CMIN/df