Nghien Cuu Ve Hung Vuong

8/7/2019 Nghien Cuu Ve Hung Vuong

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THaI'.D~l H.U)NG VUONG .T.RONG .THU TlcH .XUA

fIOANG lJU N G

. .. f -T H O NG rlmg cuoc di tim diu ,,~t xira CUR Ioai nguo-i, nhf1ng toi li~u gJl ichep tronq tlur tich xua vAn IA .nhuIlg rhtlllg eli' Cr:1 ban,. Is nhilng ch o duachu yen cho cac nha sJ.lt hoc, .. .(y Vi~t N am , ~ c a cnha sir hoc dii ttincir vao'tAi li~u:ghi chep trong l~tr.t!chchir Han lit nhfhig tili li~u xira 11htili dilng thai" kct"hvp vui 'vi~c khai quO t tronglong dal. lien hanhdieu Ira, nghlen ,~iru ~~i,8oDg cun cdc dan te milhl, l 1U i d~khOi phuc l~i Iich 8lr"t~ ,lien chung -fa., C ap . nganh T~k~~ocli hoc , dan (Ie hoc Vi~tNam tu y dii C6, .nbi,~, t1~~,l1g~ien.dimgk~j,C~O.8J!:hQc,Dllt~ng;b~y con trong-Inroc

dau xfty dllng, ClIO. nen, tai l~~u..ghi. ch~p; :~_ng) , c p r t J I 4 H . t rong tplt . tlch xira v A nco n chiem 1 1 16 t'v j" lr~ :q ua n tf9 .n g t rong cOng' \liec nghlen Ctru' Iich stt nuoc nha .". ~ f . . ' ". .__.- , . - ~. Ba h'r Ian..~~U'6c kh i ~o~ngA~b, k~o~,~QI(:p.gbie~.cU:,uI!~~ 8 l f 10M ~gU' (" ipha~trI~~. bAl~g ,v ito 'n ~tl~g h \! ,h e ugh~ ,ch eR .tr~ ,n g ..~~,tJ ~~ !!~Y~'f,~ 'q !n h~ s tr ~QcphOD~ ~len Vlt N arn ' dukh9~ ph\l~ )l}.l t~~l, 1 4 1 ~, .H~~?~.yR'


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ki~n:ffiungQ1J6e.~vJ(ti!.f \!'f\,:lt~',j:-~J))l)ttidJl~IJ~~)~.~11+ ..dn}.p(>u{ \:':h1f ;a., H > J : > ; : ~ ~~.j :.'.,'.1; f : ' , ' ; ~ ; : . " " , ! l~'f~~': 1 ' l 1 ' V i j ; i - ~ : U 1 . tSl.~ 'C~~,(, ' l i~~g~'1~hl;~' , n : i , i " ' ~ ' \ f"li~hJy'l\!' ttO.,~,c : l 4 1 , h ' , . , , " 4.f~~i t < m .J~ '~~~lah, 1 ' 1 . : 1 ' 1 1 : ~ ~ . J ! I E d ',11, ~'tl. .,.)1Iai r ~ - p . , i A n I r(t ~","f" D- V q n :. J ' c 1 j C S ' t b , ' ' \ ~ f ' h - a " 1 8 ' db- i 'L6 'MIn, . . .. , J ~ Jt . ; " ( _ . " _ I ~ S J ' . , ~ ~s ~ P ' 9 : t f t p II..If., It ",If\;\.:. "J) ' ,~~ 'b't; c Y i" 'u A '\ ' - , ' ,. ~ ~ , : J Z & 7 . . T J . 1 I \ ~ ) , \ : ! , ~'A~~~f;'1.,A~~At}rqpfli iW,r.~I' ~~.f, A I... i~' ~n .~';bh'o~chlnh 4 u < t l .ltiti p .fDgng.ki(n' . Q1'P~,fA, B O . - a A ~ h l ' ~ o n b 1 J nmy01 a~,n f r o n g n icu'~lu\-mb(Ji~~'t4~p~tb~~i~liJd'~~~:;;'i1Jl;"',J~'d'Kit-J R i l , : i p b F i o i i i l l ~ ' T u y b 6 ' sAch. ( be' " '.'. l~" } ' " > . . ir,f' "lV" fnT , "t.t~hhu.)l ~hfD tlf 1 1 u t i ' - ' . "s u . . " c i v~ t,t q,qll. q .A " ~ tpl" , > ~ .p . . J . m ' l . ~ " t l ; 't " s ~ ij'l.8 .,~~J'ii.,~, , 'I ~gt ~ o . n ! b b ~I'I.~~~~~~~:~~~ , : t~I :~~~.;~~~~f i ~:18~~L ~. . It",. .":" '_~,u, ,,"'~ I.''>J I P , '~"f L, '; ,"',j~~i~".' i. ' " II';lll\5t, tt! . ,'" '.\t, \\ I: 1J 'lt~, '\lIliJ lj'JI t .: ~I!lAa l i n n r 1 1 1~H"'.H.Ii'U~,tdI;dfl'~i\. '.! .)l; ; ,.il'; .;,',!, .'. ::". . B 4 . .a.ob (Iich q\f sda~:him~BO. 'cli~kl 'Ir6n lit b O o i r r . }P9f Vi~t~litky; todn, - thucua N a6 S l~Li~i1hi~ttvaoltb(ritJihk;lJell'l'~c~~8iA~.~Ol~"cJ~~'~paY-idl; tU'.o~_.b b nb&ng'phln boaJ1g duVnS do ic8C t,hge ' l I iJ.r1cj1~.gbllcl;lepJIehf1;lh) thWo. g J i i _ ,~'Yi.o:Iieh SIr ..thai-Hnng :Vvanllil~\dlQ ; c h Q , ' )jCh"8~'ldAqi tOc~V:i~tNam. ' N g6 S f ~Li4D;d 1 cAn c u v ao~hai , taoi :pbalQi~I> 'Vi#tt tm"kgovA1.Si{~g~: , , ,~~biln , c t j . e : l L e ~ : . Y A n L H l l u = : v a Phan ~hllTi~n; tb6 . philn N g ~ ; - J c ! J dA. i :cberunbtu l truyh. thuy'tyc6tJh~ tin .ciy v~ ngu~D .g6c' Ijch Itl noac ta , . t ; 4 t ) . .MOb "dll~\Iioa~l thanlJ\.tvlto .m .1479. u : . , f ' : ' . ! f ; i~.._; "~ s ' ,

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11U N G ' VU (1N G IDtlN G ~N uoc i(I): 1493 VO Quynhvn Ki~u Pbubien .soen l ' J ~ ' T ,Tic, gilt IV.l~t~tf;~n',1J linl: d~ ' dV a. v itonbfhig sach ma ngay nay kbonR COlI nhtr Giao C hI kg (kh6ng ito (toc, Qi~). ,Bdoe v e tl ' t 'y~n: , (k~OI1~ ' I~O. , t~C, gH ? qi~o"fl*du;~g c?a Tfl~~ ~ O ~lg V a T ! ' ? g ~bn dalB~i1Dg(lh~ ky lhll,9) lA.~gU:O:l ~run~ q~~cdA '~ng~ang 'yl~t N ~ t n loeb, Ngof l . , i$~ k g ~ u , o ,,B6,T~~~n :~~~j~~tJlbf'~t;,th~~12rh,d.nll~~.~Ii'~,~a'vitti 11hihig Iru~I~~ IIinh lh l~ng trong dAn glan C 1 ntrac t a . L Y T~ ~by~n dft t o p h Q ' p ~1trli},~t1(~8~1 'v ,tb~n tho ~ 'm i~u/:'d ~nClitr.nC1(:lrb ~~"lltt6 -C f." tto ng8li('h ,f 'tltr~Cd~ 'muc Tan'\'i~nhuu tllunll'khlldllg' q u a e hi~Ji .~tng' . , I#rO' I ,g;t Li,t~ "Ujt~n"dil19bI ' th~p '(~Auchu)tel l t cAnbo~ CUR ,S an ,T inh '~it"thuy:'fiti~"ti'lhc1r l-Iuhg1\~udllg:,'tpb.tthh ! / : a l i t chlch1qdal ,tuy I'n6i r~l1g - :d~ :1:r~ti.,~h~ t, phil p,l:~o.h! I nhttl','qu'd(t~c' trl e 'i l ' ~ Ijl'\b t J i t~~~ 'dBe6nhl~u' hoc gia 80\1,11:lfji \it Ibb ' sung' ii:uyfn' hib-I(Vl"v 6 y : ; n g ~ y l l n a y ' j ' c h o n g lit 'da 'conh i~u b o n k~I'ilc; : : h b a u . '~il!ifng: trUY~'l' b h ~ p 't~o~l'g~LthllqN l i . n ~ : . c h l d h ' qild lllJ ' n h i t h J . !t r u y ~n dii, '. 1 t rve: l l " oY i ! . u 'k~llr ~u'u'd9'i t r o ~ K ' 4 A O 1 9 i a n / c a e ' hQC 19i1 p h ( ) l l g ' kl~.lirdll 'stillt6p ' thAnh . NgoAi l ihilng 1 1 ~ u y ~ n 'c6 ' n g u b n g l S c lrong dab' glatt;; lhed ~i\c bhlt 'nghl~ncrru co mOl so t ruyen bAt ngu~n trong nhil-ng sach xua nhtr Tffi qu y /( g e l l ' " Tltl-'j;tJgQuAn 'P h OJ1 g ' do i / r C S n g ; f " N a n t IHd i ; c l J ! l lch"'ky cua,NgO:,Lai (10) ( NgUY~1 1 'V'\r NQ \dung lai' Jj~t1' v e ';tllai~ld,t~1H u n g V~aDg r t r obg " h ai c q u y A n ; B a c l i lk A t r e n : cop mang11h i eu tmh cho~' huang "tltiapg'; :nhtrilg ,c6bg,p~lnl ' l1Aor! phan a n l 1 , (ttrffc tluh bll1h 'kfih( l i t~' tien ' chung ' ta:b ,thbi X8: xtr~: id6.iHitn' tnay, 'lfhh ;Nabt ' c/ llc h q ud ;, c6nhleuban 'kha~ nhau , t nhtrng ~truy~n trong '8~,,bAn: kbOtJ8 hoA~ I"loan ' g i t S l 1 g f nhau. ;C6' ba ll gum nhi~u itruy~n, 'c6 , b a n . it < hart; 'ubttng'!c6'm~t 4 1~u,k hi~ Jl ch un g tl l chu ~.la cac ban do d~ugh i! ch e p T fu y~ n H ~ t'g 'B 6.i1 g thl! la'lruyerli hol ,ve ' thai:llu~gV ". '. '" : ~ S i ' " . ' I ",',. uoug. '., I " ,. \ t " , ' " ~ : " ' , " " . , ."f r r : I : ' ,I " i ' . ' r ' , ' . \ I' \ , .' ~ ' I I '/ J. . r f ' I" , i;i ! j , ,I,1 ' , !, I I, ' I ., ,,I '


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uny, N hfrng be ) Bach 8tl- chu ygu dtrvc bee nha sil J1QC Vj~t N an) lin c$y vA strdung tA i Ji~u trong d6 IA nhung ,b t) Balch trong Nb! th~p '( r s r r . Nhitng be ) 911 c6liell quaD de n Ibl1i d,i f Hung Yuong trong Nh! IluJp til sir"]A b e ) Sfr kg ru n Ttl Milrrbi~~Jl"pJ1itJ .vj~J,A'; alri _ 1 4 1 ) : 804 0 ~ ( n f ) l J dung tU I ~Hoang IB~~.nam 1500 trtre c CongJJg(1) '~~ d~n I-IAn ) r Q .~~i nnm r140 truec CO n g l nguyen) ; IhI) ~7'i~nHan Iliff do BaD Co,nha ~vj~t+Ifill ( 1 u i aPng. H an ~ q @ .n J < Ban. Chie~/ l&p ibieu (ni. dung tll Han Coo 1'~,HQfll.206 . ' r l r aQ ~~Ong,. nguyen ] ~d~n ,V l lang~, l t1 i ingtnarn 23 C Ong nguye n ] ; b., H Q . 1 lJlql l . th l r .do,J1Jl ,mtVi tp dbi,Jpng .Luu Chieo daijl,\l(1~g aoan (Jlt)i tiung ttf ..llt\ll(Juang. \'0 , nAn l. ,25"r 9cn .lI"'i ~'~ll.~ ~U ,1 5J . a P l 220 . COng Nguyen), (~'(lll' }Jlrang llurdo Luu I-:I{ t deri Thach 'rail 80,0 (ni dung tir Cao 1~bL y Uy8n. de]l Ai llc, 11lhnH18-;-H(7) v.v ... Nhnn~ ~() 9iS. l 'h. t~ougNhttJuj fJ Itt Ili-,lil JlhLi'ng bO chlnh st"r dillTrung Qufic, hab 'Uiim l~hl~ii fnc'gildt 'rJlg 'tril!u d ~ l hi~il 1IO~11. NMon i vi~c ghi rhep8t.1" v ic I t Trung 'Quae 18 CIIU ycu. cac sir gia phong kien Trung ( ) .116ccon g)Ji cheplinh hinh klnh I~, xii hl)J cdc dd)I t l)c a cdc khu vue quanh Trung Quae. co lie-nquun den Trung Qutic nhu "'fril!u T le n, Mong Cb , \ri~l N nm Y. v .. 1I Iuc hi'iy giir.Nhii'ng bl) Stl lrong ..Nh; IJu,p IUJ,ir~dorelic JIb .. 8tl, h e c+phong k ie n T rung Quocb i en 80~)), kbOng I rAnh khoi co nh th rg quan di~m a tl h oc sR i Jam pbi~n die n , G ~JlJ Q C ~ .]~hiiJ)g philp ~~li~ll ,6t.J10: Chl~Jlg .ta ~ , i l l c6 duvc.'nhfrng . tAl.li~u qlty bAu giup[c h ccho v j tl< i ,Dg~i~n ,c*p ~'\ht)i .cb~d4i.)nlr!1c ta , Nhlt ':lh vjc1nghi~IJ, crru . xii hQi~J,l ,b~,~'1;f JJiJl1~1Y~rp'pg;:ph.1.l phung~~f\dll.,biet.,flac.h 8ir,Vi~t N nrn xua xU .at Jli~JI muonhrrn h~llgchOG lh~ k so,vq"lblJi:Jf4l:I-Hmg Vurrng, h\i, lI~u gh i ,cMp:ve mrec In lr


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THl11 &.,.1 .11 U N G . VU( JNG 85,. Trong thu tich Trung ,QUQC,~ .4~b ,C"," . ,BWflg 'thll-,.. ~ ia Iy ' ch i eua Luu H 11

d i1 i . ,Tb l }.ch Tin,. sach Tha i b lnh 'Jioan -v4:,ky ~cua ,~b4c sir dlri Tong d~u daD sachN am I.Vi~I.-'cht cua ffbllm .Hoa l VieD,~(tb~ ky':- t~li 5) IA .sach dA tblt.l~c, gh i cnepnhu san: r . "'I ,. -,;.' ~ .." -, r .J .. ' ~~~, .. _.... __ ' , '.~), " I , . : & , ~ ~ ,J~

q : Bat Gi~~:~ht~U'a J.~L.,hll.p~i~UJ"e~, : q u A n , IrU"bn~Uil.H:u~gVU'O'ng}) (I).Sdch rsu N gun g . t~p ' k g cua Trinh Hung~daiBtrang .do sacb Vdn i t ld i

I O Q i ngtt .cu~ ~e.:Q,uy BOn din:~li\.cbep nbtr.sa~; I~, .,~ ",. __ ,;\ .,' ~',. ,., . , . , . , . . " ~ ~ " " j _ . ~ l .. ,.~: ,. \!\I~l ,,~,~ '.

Bat Giao Chi dit lly 16t.nhi~u m A u maJ s.ua kia c6 quAll,tfuong gQi , 18ijli~g V tr'!f1g ( ~ ) . , ; ' , . . , . .


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' . t , : ~ . r:Sarh B~i' Vi~t ~IU1 r t J iodn~~tJur , 'Ouung m~c,l~Lich tri~u hien chuonqloa! chi,Sa hse bi khao;dBq." Vi~t ,a-.~kg,f'd~u~('h~p . 1 4 i chuc L a c hau, Lac ttrang, I~ngQiquan lang, my mrong. b6 chtnh ~"acOng~nhtn co phu dl}o .Vdn ddi IOfJi ngu conghi th em ch U - C . . t r u V n g . . 1 tt phu trecti .-m.3i b t) thu(tc .VAn Lang , ..~.~.. . '. o L , . , . ~ i.. '. . ~. .. . V~ m~l sinh hOllt, . c a e 8o~n gill ~ r j j h ~ N a m : c h l c J i q u a i d4 ~c i t n t c6 ' : v A o thuijch litis',' dang' thai k~t h# k h a o sA t 'dai"'s6ng'd.c dAn t~c It ngui7i~ ghl l~i rhochurig ta nhilug'; hhib inhl rit c h a n ' x i t e : Baj~song. e ua (jAncu Iue dl Rong venft 'lngi. vf in sOng. Jdanh :~c'/t l 'YbOt .cAy 'ma In,' ; ' l a y v a cay lam 80~- I n y co tranh. ~ . , t .d~t thanh'chi~ul~Jam mlni bArig-tlm',lhu, lam i1r' ?U;~bAn" 'c tS t gao, CaybAngdung. ,lo i k e 't. Dli t (2). ;Lich, tr~eJl.hlln: chuung l oQ. ; CJ.fJgbi lorn tlt: e Luc bay gilY, vua tO i cling di cAy , cha .c~.~!t'm ~il~g (s~n~) khOng( ! l l i . A g iiti ~h a n , : k ~ ~ .~ g . phan b i~t, ~ Y . .~uy~n~;lPtr. ,~&.~ ~.i?An:~~auv @ mlnh, uiSllg nuecbA~g; . m a t ~ ~ fJn g n hau :."qj; chol v ! J ',l! gQ i . t i l dO'j ~l~t.h~p' nhren t , (iI) ~ .~ ~:.,,' 'iM()t l r c i n~ nhu~g'ii1tr tj~hrx~a: nbtltcna ,Trun"g Qutic"IA Giao; Chdu ngo{liVile' kg (lh~ ky thrr 4) dtr'lc ' d A n 1 trong' : B R C h Thug . 'kint: .cJ~d!dli ghi che p thai do


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..\PJliu:1181n Chu Ngo~~6 giong lIlBll~j gQi~lA~Yall 'L811g . "H Q khong b i~l xAynha lllU it [email protected]':cQy, ~.iill e ll va th it !- sqng" -,buon ...,~an! cac.. chat th orn ~~)IJb fa _,nomhuyen- doco con song n.hi>r - S Q i Iii Vii~lJiL.!lng. cll~;'f (I). ~:': .. .~'.,.. . ,.; L '!-

~rrong'IStr kg.phiiri Sir'ky sdch"~~,if!~ Mita~pinq (t~~lky,.thu8) dii cheptl~jy k~eq n~~ng soan' gi~.~~h~c\,f1p~_,-~.~Ul;~~~~'~\.' ~ + . ; - . it .'{~~~..i , ~ " " . ;~ d~: \ ;., r ~ L,fU Thi"vi~t; NgU 'c1LAq ,b ,.~, .Ui~Jtai; f)~l1!.t j p h ng~y"n~y co uguoi. A u:vi~t . Lninh'ngilia VlC~j:..!'rhI,tQc~,~a.~~t\~i~t:~\X,."tr~:'J~,A~Vj~t. Du; ..~i"Cll(,viet: GiaoCh i a dai, Chu 10 . ..L~~ V i e t , a~dai(l;r~n.;1~ l -TAy: A ~ . , . !xAlll .m ln h clt. t6c d~ tr8~~(giao) long. ,Tty. A .~ L~c.lt.phia, lA y lftbf~~~rNgtJ~ N a m ~ Y i ~ t . , ; v l t j A l l ~Lac : 4~!11P' ,9.My~Th~, ~ a n vi~t:"~i~1 '1 h9 :. i~y ,- jy~jdM, . ~" .pg ~~. ..~t~D.~~r" ; n i!j h. ;~ r! '. '; '. j ': ~':'~:i"...p~, .. . .. .. N gtrai Au:Viet cIt ,t6c'ixlmrmlnh (t). i';r.\l 1\f8&Trinh~.;theo sach ~Q u _ q n g~thdu i c y (th~ ky -thir .~)-ch e p : eG iao Ch l, :


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'" t...', .r : 'Thu 'tich xua cUff Trung Qrioc~~hhu: ; 'Su-!kg~'i ia~fTlr ' tMli(rrhi~n+,t\ iATll l r9'ng

thu (d ' { l i ,1r ,uy~n iCual\l?hwrl:hlHg, q\lQ:4: '~hep. j d~V.thQ'i , lJ~ .,cijpgl c (> : lghh l '~ Tbanh,rUO'D,g l lwALChuj,Ct.l lnam iGiao . ~,Cht lc6;1 l" ,O:c: ,NjOt i . ; rh,~ l rng(~~\. l l1g: , :u l ) ieu,J6'p! thong

~,. ..' ," 'i po ' ., T _ 'ngon den hienchim tri' .trang~~vJv.,;.IfJ>~irini-l(1ti]. 'i~! ~~l;'U/l~ l :$1(011:' ,:jU l'j . ' . '~ ' ,LI. . .' ~ ~.";. , . . . ~( , ~. -, ~ . ~,' ~,'- '. ' . '. . . . . . . , .d f A ! it ( T f J o n g ' , P r u e , thu\wii f.ni~.ll~, s a Q P ~ p p l i \ J h i ~ti'~d o i : : ; IAn ~ t b ~, : , ' k y , t h l \ - : 4)",;11Q U II a nthu, Nam Man ~rLlY~n (q. 116) , ) Ap ' uN~m ~.(?bt ! l~ lg>uyen~, ;~~4~ql ;chep J a . i : frU,y~n;tr~l), , c . lh"! s ' C i ~ h 1 ) u l I , a l 1 : f J t ~ f h h \ ~ ~ H l , l .~ : J R ~ e p I J ~ r . r ~ p , . ~ ~ ~ e H!/~~~~\,\te~fh~~~~'krhd .O:P~, .~p~~ixay r a11t 01 ~ U r n a ,O';t a l , . u ~~ " ..y A n~04f'l ~rl , t _ r a n g , f ~ n l ~ ? t ' t , p g ' > L ' ~ ~ ~ f~r I \ ; ;~P ~l)i='~~ j,~th b~

Ngoai truyen dang chim tri t r a n g dtrgc nhieusach ghi chep, Vi~t s u - luoccon chep mOt vi~~ quan b~ giila Hung Vuong vai phuong B~c thai d6 rat c6 giatr] cho cac nh a khao cuu lA~,vi~c: < i' U ' " ' , , . ,. Vi~t Vlrtmg;Cau'tTi~n'(505'_,465 truoc (~6ng' nguyen) dii sai Stl tbi du,Hun s Vuons chong 'ct? la i t (2)~' '1 ' :~,! 1 ' 'n ,0

1. ,q . jjlw":'. ~}~.1 l}l'j~H U , . ':HI.J~) :~H1., (r H , i i . : , '~HZ ~H' d ;:~~.lir~ Lh ;:1 ::.'~~::'.dd'!:,t ... l'iLLI :gJltYi! ' . l . t J d 2 J i!l:~n1: ' 1 1 j;$j.~~ni!'~H ~ \ ! i _ \ : ; . t.f! .Id, ; . : I J 1/ ";~r.~. (j,\: l '},:l oJ"'~':;iiI!li~~lS..g!I'/'iv ' b H g - Jt. u l " H~~( i"lr~"9...1Ji;fL< .Iih~~'till) ~.> ; Ii' t s : iii, r. t ,d , j,1iL I,'; ',ja,l'fi 1 - . 1 - ,1 1 ' \ ' ; 1 1 :,j'/,. !,llill J t ; ' l V " ;,1 bt'lllV ;11HrIi HI;;""'.1;;; .j\.,) ) :,i, Ih,,,.;, ; L~ it :a{~~~W :a~.I1.~ti~ i i i c h urfl J J l18fhi i l Hb t i ~ ' l i iV~'IS 1 ! 1 ' ~ h L i v o ' n l e U a iHMr


11/62

go HUNG IVO'NG DllNG 'NUaC (I)

!' t.", ' ;Sach'Quang~' C hd u: kg (lh~~ky thw'5) duQ'c TIt"Mil rTrlnh ' dAn trong S ir kgsach I u i v a \ duQ'c , Ttl j Ma"Qu8hgt'diI1))~rong TU4llr;, thd n g: g id m' nlnr: san : jC 'Saulb inh luang , ;Thuc"Vtrang:" ,Ttl ~dit~nhr\b4i~L4c ' ,h lu f ' t l1 '~lttrng ."A n D udng ,VtraDg,trjvl. ;, huyen dPhopg .,K he ~ ,(1).\ ' 1 1 1 . : . " U dri':'J;~) L ' - ( ~ ( ; : i,;r~"'r' i~~;rf ,: ~'.! " _.: ; ~ , : ' :\ d i " !{' ;~,I! Sach:'Giad Chdu ngoq.i vtrc i ' k I 1 , t 1 u ( Y cidin ' trons'Thug kinh chu': Sau~\30 .000binh 'nrong ThUc! }VuO'ng Tu.~danhJb9r 'IJ 'C{vtldng.(L., .d h A u , ' khuill phucicac LacttranJ. 1'hl . lC V 1l00ng Til xllllg la A n Duong 'V ltang !,i (2) . ' i .~J', !: I:' t ' . 1 ' . . '~I':'; r!', ~ ~ d "f i,,.II,, Socii (Nam Vi~i' chi' !d\lQ'c" dAti, itrdng'! C(lU Buung" tlur: \ , Sau,. 30.000 binhtuong cua'Th\l~ Vlrang '~danhidi~t~Hitng Vtrang. (3).H; i'~!r I,;,\!p(1, -"n 'l, ~ ;!'~('. ',.'\', 'U " Sac~i A n ' ~ a ! m ' c h i ( n ~ b y ~ ~ j ! ~ ~ ~ p . " ' i h ~ ~ : : s , u : \ c n; : ;i " C : 7 Y t t t r l , g ' Ida: 'ituy~~dtrQ.c18 dJ.. thl b i Th" V" gd\~tlH'('),,;~d\.,.l~\tl' . J1~O' ) f l rv .'f~~t t r , ~ . . \ . .1~ (,';: t i"",'j '[1ul 1 l.lC tran' 1 J) 4 . ,. {'.O'... . ' . ", .. .ft. \.. ~.',ai 1 l : ,~. ."" 1 ~ l ~.... " : -f . . ' , , 1 \ ,\ I, 'i I ~ / t , :' I I~, ~. .; ?, i;~t : , ~ j \.!l; ! , " ~i,~.;.:~.~!f ' , f 1 \ '~', . ~) " ,"I'~1 I" , . _, . ;. .' ~ ~ ,I

,,I '.\ di ":I~:;, I:' '{'..;' .,I~ i . - , ~ : . l';Ify\"q ~i f !}r , : } , f ~ , ' i i:, .'d q(0 "I ) ,'~" ) .I' '.: . ~ t ~ , . .. r ~ . , ." " , If" r" . ., t ,I '_'. -. ~ "), "'....,I . ' ( \ , ; t! ~ : ~,. ' . , , . . , . , '. ' . " I. III I ",. \;., I'" ~ f ' , ' ( ~ . " i r . ' : -i'f f '! ' _. ' t. ~ ~,.. , .i ,.. ~I,

I ,,' . .. ,fi.l' '1')'.'",);, ,,(1 I. ' . .. . .~ - '1 " . " ., . .~ > ' -- \ f ,~.) ~I !J ' ' ) Lt l(,!1 . ) . ' f i i:. .. .i.Nhtr chung ta, dii ro, sach s u ' xira cun Trung Qutic c6'~nlen d,i 1lr8 honsach chfr H8.n ~ii8 chung to. Do d6, nh t rng llii I ieu ghi chep t rong nhfrng sach

do tuy!t , nhung rilt . q~y b au, N b fit III ,~~~ng s,*c~. ~ 't 9'C iP , ~~ .J 1yt ~~n l~ I~ nh fh ngsach da duoc cac SIr gra T rung Qu5c v a V I e t N am sac nhan.: 1 8 n hitn g b e ) sach

, .. .


12/62

THaI iBAI HUNGVUO 'N G .. : . i / f t l 91

U! ' , 1 ' / ,V~~:thai d,ir~Ht)n 'A ~llang, sllch"Jca8 t a ' : g h i : c h e p tuong 'd6i :;dly. d u , v a ' s kierinhtn d!nhh~u:,nb\l.thfShg:'lnh't.- ;ead b9C t)gia tLpbong ki~n Vi~t Nam dl d~a vitoJ l i . l i i ' n 8 , i~?,~)i~,U,,?,;~g..J i p ,C .l4. y!rp~i.iS~.c ~ ) ~ f ~ .n . ig8utS ? , x U ' a , v a , ;~~b d-n gt~uy ~n . th uy ~~d~'!d~9'C:~~~i ?~~J,~~, t n ~ ~ ~ . D~ ' y 'c~kl!.~~.~') d , ; ~ (7 f ~ Y . ' dung t,h~~ I!~bsu. ,Phi!f .~~g~~.~" J ~ . ,S~~I~~~ i~ ,~~~~~'1Y!~t)~~~,~~ai'~?n~~~.u.~tS.sAng tl.m.bl~U,vil , d ? ~n l i a E ! t t sach ~\lr:" ,f9)~HhlJl!~,lin.)~f,~~~~_n,~i~Dld,~~l.: g h , ~ t:\ch~'tt r8? g '~ll;.,dlu .t1.~n,.cu adan t)c ta, Y Itl~n'chlJng tuy c6ng ;nhan 811t~n t~1 eoa thaI dai nay. nhung do., . .trlnh dO cac 'ngAn'" khoa hoe co n thap kern, cac hoc gia phong kien Viet NamkhOng d u , suo chung minh. IJ~ t o ra tfnh th$ri' trong va ton nghi, cac nba vi~t S tl; khi ghi chep giai doan , n a y " dii chep .~R9. tph~n ' N g Q . { l . i , f c / J , / ' [ i~ l l~b"~n~;Ng a y nay,nhitng chung Cll, kbao c~ ne e , dan .tc)c,hoc vacac nganh khoa hoc khac se glupchung fa g iai quyet S lJ ban , khoAn nghi ngl!- i cua, cac t l U - g ia xtra, kh i ch e p g iaidQlJD ljch. . 3 t l - i , u a y . ' tCbungl ta'(rii,t, 4ung Jr .ong .v ie c ~stl1d 1 } n g , 1 J 1 c ) t , each tin cOy;;nhfinglajjiJj~u, gb i trong ~hitng thtr"tjch Ht~,.tran" tUyi~fi:Dg ltai:(Jieu .cln: phsi' dirge.caekhoa bo o khAc tbirstbaoblt ,Jnb.cbAJilxaclti lan, ntra~1 Treng. khi chua co ; lA i lie u; dA)1actbQi i lhtrng ~aijj~U;'tgh~fch~Jt~tnong:lhU'[tich :k~.tren (nb't IA'ngay 'nay tai .lieqkhao . icbt h9C~.dAUi}t .(~hhQ c)~a(s:nh6nl ,~htlDgt c6."th ~ ~~ngayicang. .dung), thl. ehung ta,,~n nen J r a n J troliA'jlibi~;otai liOu { i don 8ai:;vl~'nhiing 'Jlili! li~u!,d 6 .conduoc denJlgAy , n~Ytt 'l tbeogehu~g . tOi~{fch\ \ngJ 'da~ t,irngitrai;.qua~ hang , chuc, th ~ k y tbir thach, .lrAi qUIllJnbii'lg"~"tr~(:tU~~fCU,:acac.bachcc' trong cac tr l~u4",dl l- i phong kien g lJn JQc,cb\i- khOng~phajt,ton ,tqJ,dtlQ"~~doWa) t t v A i : ca .nhan . ,tuy,",iti~n~c~ng inhan, .Thai. ~c )congo nhan ..l inn chtnh. xac hoan: itoam reua cae' tal: Jj~u , trong thu tich cling khong


13/62

92 HUNG .vlJ(YNG UVNtj NUO-C ' (J)

Viin Lang cung .ch ung lrong .Bach Vietll; 'I h tr - t ic h Xlr8 ...dA ~l (tp me t phis" he: ViemBe-Than NODg-~e,Minh7-Lt)c,.-T~u.o~Su~g LAm ~H un 8 tV trang ~(truy~Ii r18 d~i).l~1., ~~ J e r f ; J ; ~ ~ ~ , ~. ; . ~ } ~ ~~ ; ~ : ' ~ ~ Y ~ ~ ; , f ; ~~ f ~ ~ ? : ~ ' : 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ Y ~~ ~ ; ; : c g 6 1 ~ :tjch ~ ! h e p H .un~ y t t o : ~ ~ ~t o . , P : ~lLt~f.V~n ~~~: d6~g ~ O f ~ ,~~~H~g:~~aulI~?_ y ~ i 1r~~~9~5~I.~dal v~n;,Ch~,! ;~a,1l ,~,~}! f1?~}1&6;7:: :H~,2:tri~'~C-,~,~~~,~~~~~~)::_ ',.' Ii' I.". I . . r . , , ~ ) , ,1.1\"";- '." .. t ' ,,':~:iq ~-,~;:" ,/;'1 .l/~. ,~Jl:.~~ t~:-;d, q/~


14/62

T H O ' I . SAl HiJNG',VUaNG.\.;~:)1t , 93f .,.' t i ! ..' ..! ,.,,)i, r., "

{jl~. ~ i~ 1 i . , . . :. . . . , Jd~ .~;Ilt~h ;~L(:Ji~j t~-)?lHjJ H;j(lJ'~; j.! ; j,:U l


15/62

94 HUNG1VUONG :'Dl]NG: NUCrO'(I)

Nhi lng titi l i~u duoc ne u l~n'ftlphln -treIr'luy;'c6~gj.a;':lr'. .nbung: chung c6I 'g iA tr ] den mire nao ," ta i lie u nao li t t ruyen tbuyet khOng c l ang tin cay , x u n l xuciin uh fru g nr l i~u; ~y (yl dau, chuDg'~it~l~id~danh phan fv.~c/~d6dvao'\nhirng baDbao cao saunay.: ~:,. ,'oroJ .).~.!j l'l~od ~}~L,l/l) i 'U 'f~n'(;'H'1 ..,t,i ;'~;':d .;,rtr;'lf l : 1 : 1 ;:;", :, i \M Q I ;n'gtrOi d~ti t~iy'rlS~. , ~ , t r i f cY~ t61~n~y~t'ca~ ' p H A : s u - ' bQ(tVi~t Nam d~ti illldung tri~ t! d~,~h h il:n g tlli li~ t1 kl~"~f~ri,~~~rigbi@li: '~ti-lf~I ~ r * n g(lhltf xii IbOi t HungVU'


16/62

HUng Vuong hay L9C Vuong?":" ...

_. - ~ - . . .Cac dang tien nhin oqu6c - t t l ella dan ~c Vi~t~laHung Vuang hay Lac Vl1f1ng.? Nhieu ng\tC1i da - ban denva ~ d~ nay. ma ngtteti dau ti6n lil Henri Maspero, ..mOtnha Dong phuong .hoc uyen bac .thuQc:Phap qu6e ,Viel lDong hoc vi~n (Eeole.franeaise d'tExtr~m.e -Orient) trongbai Le royaume de Yanlang (BEFEO, noXVIII, 1918)~Sau do c6 c~ tranh lufngiO'a &lCu6ng LeUti vd'i (fngHoe Nguy~n Van T c L a mien Nam tntd'c~1975,mQt ' :sonha nghien c(tu cung c6 ban d6n, chang' han tren tapchiBach Khoa, PI;1~IpR O a D My (19~9) t~i.cliii w a n g HungVitcmg c o n ' . ~ ViemJ19(5) thl l~ cli~t t 1 . t d p g 4c Vudng.Bai n a y . khong nham di~m lai toan bQ Iich 8 1 1 cua vand~ rn a chi nhaclai -nhiYng y kiln. chinh ella ~c tac g iA,d~c bi~t 18 cua Bao Duy Anh, Hoa BAng, Tr4n Q u a eVugng d~ phat bi~u trong cac CUQc ~~i nghi r i .gh~@ric(tuv~_ th< ti k y Hung Vttdng, t6 chuc ;~,u~c.day (s mi~n BAc,tit'cuoi 1968 de'n 1971, in I~ trong cac t4P ky yeuHungV l i c 1 1 f g d i j n g ~li(j~"(HvDN). ",,, .'.:. '. ,

NglJCti.da d~ nhieu tam triv a thai gian nMt V&.0 vAnd~ nay khong ai khac han lit hoe gia .Bao Duy Anh. B6ivd'i Dao Duy Anh, .eac vi quOc t6 cua ehung ta tnl6'c sau

11 8


17/62

van Iii Lac Vuong. That v~y, ngay tit nam 1938, trongViet Na~ van h6a s u cuang (Chung t8i dung ban in Iantha hai, Nxb Bon Phuong, Sai GOD, khong d~nam), BaoDuy Anh dtl vie't: "Sa chep rang Lac-Long-quan phongcho nguni con trudng lam vua a nude Van-lang xung litLac Vuong" (Sdd, tr.25)~ Ong da ghi nhan rang phathi~n v~ 81 1 nham lao tu Lac Vuong thanh Hung Vuong 18.th~e}c v~ "nha c6 hgc" (danh tit cua BDA) H. Maspero(X~sdd,t r ~ 2 : 5 ,chth.l:). . ' ~Nam 1946, trong Nguf,n goc dan t9c Vi~tNam (Chung

toi dung ban in Ian thrr hai, Nxb The gidi, Ha Nl}i,1950), Dao Duy Anh lai vi@t v~ xd 'hQi Lac Vi~t nhirsau: "Cac hi) l~ thi it dirdi quy~n til tntang gvi 10.lactl1ctng-, cac Iac tuctng thl phuc tong it nhieu m9t vi tiitrititng cO lh@ l\lc han he't c a gQi 18. .lac hdti bay l~~V11ong." rsea, tr.65). (J 'dciy:6ng ciingcho'bie"t 6n'g' dAt h e a y kie"r i cua nha Chi-na hocH. Maspero, "cho rAngchu Hung-vuong' chinh la o chtr Lao-vuong vie't_l{tn ra".(Sdd; tr.65, chth.L), . _:.' . . '-.. ~.- Chin Dam sau, trong C d S U " Vi~t Nam (Nxb ~y dung,HA Ne}l , ' H)~5). BA o Duy Anh co n bay to~mQt l~p ~t tC1~granh mach , v a dtlt khoat hen nfla ..Khi nhac ,den ca~

truy~n thuye't xua v~ nude V e I n Lang ehe,p kong LinhNam chich qua i (DnA viet trich) thl ngay -sau hai chitHung Virong ong daghi chu trong ngoacdon nhu sau:"Saa' I~i"la Lac vtfO"ng~l(Sdd, tr.83), Holle nhu ong davie't: "Cai danh hi~u Hung vuong.may sita lit Lac vuang(Chung toi nhan manh .. HT) chi la phiem chi cac t .heh~ til trmrng tit xira dii lanh dao dan tQc Lac-viet trirdcva sau khi ho de: dinh cu (j.B;lc Vi~tnalli" (Sdd, tr~93).Con it nhtrng cho;thuQc-v~tl~p luan va hanhvan riengcua ca nhan thl duong nhien la ong da chinh thirc va

true ti6p dung hai tieng Lac Yuang, chang hanrfLac-VI1


18/62

116

cuong va Nguon g6c dan t9c Vi~t Nam .. 'I'rongphanphan tich ella minh, Hoang Thuc Tram da can ell vaoGiao chtiu ngoai ouc kj, Thuy kinh chti va An ..nam chinguyen Iii nhung sach cua ngttai Trung Hoa, d~c b,i~t IS.vao An-nam chi luac ciia Le Tdc, mQt' nguai Vi~t- Nama th


19/62

.' I... : ~.... ~ _. I I. ~N~i th(t batronghoi nghinay cortryc i4ep d~ ~~pden van d~;dang ~et;la Nguyen V6ng Chi. Trong tham

luin Tinh chdt xii h ~ _ i thai fly Hung Yuang, ang clingdi~m lai cac sach XU~~~cQghi chep v~ Lac Vuong 13.Giaocluiu ngoai Vl!C ky~~Q ~ti; rtg..Cluu: kj, quye~truoc d\1qcThuy Kinh chi: t r ich;d.G. . .n con quyen sau.t~}:duqc Sll:ky

sach. dn trich dan. C ae sa ch tren deu nhat loat ghi ,~Lq.cYuang, Lac.hdu, Lac tuang v:v, Duy chi c6Nam,V.~t chicua Thdm HoaiVien .:( the '~. :kY V) r6i sau do 1&PhienNgung tq,pchi cua 'I'rinh HUng 4ifi,Dl0nr ..la _bao nhi~uchiJ. lqc d~u chep nham_ thanh chu hung, lam hao tOnnhieu giay m~c eho.cac nha nghien cU u d\.iisau. Nghia ladanh hieu nguyen. thuy, theo Nguy~n D.6ng,Chi,. cling l~LacYuang (X.-Sdd., tr.293) .. .: !.

Dh hQi .nghi Mn thu]Vthi Nguyen Kim ThanvAVuong L-Q~khong nhimgchi thtta nhan hmhthirc g6t! 13.Lac Yuang m a condi sau tim hi~u y . nghia cu a tif.t6lt;tcn im (Thii timrt8l1imgPc:n.gil~nghiacila tit tti"Lqt:",lIVDN,t.W,~tr.134~141). -.'. Cl .._; r . .. .. .' T.. T6m lai theo y kien CUff nhirng nha nghien c(ru.tr~p

day t~:'nharignguCti tn!e tie'p th~0'1u~n:v~m6i quan 'h~gifra hai danh hi~tJ Hung ~lidngva Lac V U c J r i . g thl LacVrl~g mdi' 18: danh hi~un~~~h thuyv~~~?' btc~~Jlnhl1Ih ma thanh Hung Vlitmg ch~ khorlg~ph~l la o ngilgclai, Can nhn:Dg 'Dgil8i .khnng trl!c ti~p neu {itnd~ l~n'd~thaoluan, 'khi~c'hnhan rli~nhd'ri- danh'hi~unguy@~thuy, cring 'd~u'nhlt loat g'Qi Iii Lq.c Yliang. D61A'Tr'nQuae Vu '{1ng t r_Qng : bai Vd i Y k ie n , c h fU llf quanh van d ethili 8jJHung VlIOng (X.,HVDN,_t.Jl, tr..130), Nguyen Linhtrong bai rTill~i van d~Vf tri nu a c Thl!-c crla'J'hlJ.~Phon (x . . sdd, tr~193),La~.VanLa trong bai T~,.",.hieu eke.49!~d,:hQi~ithitik Y Hung Vliqng qu a cht d~ lang dq,o.lIDUng Ml1!mg truac Cach . mqng thdng 'C6m (X. sdd;tr.308va~310);Nguyen Linh va Hoang Xu4n Chinh trong.baiBrit nuoc tid con ngUiJi thai Hung Vuang (X. HVD-N,t~III, tr.92), v.v.. Con tat c a nhtrng ~gU(li khac khi sadung danh hieu Hung. VliCIng thi,4eu 18. g9itheo thaiquen chu. hoan toan khong c6 ba ~c{(~ cho rang danh

nay chang ta v.~ntran .trong v a gilt theo, con ca c danhhieu Lac htu Lac tud'ng tIP chung ta cling . ; u . ,gQitheo sitC U t c o o de'n nhUng danh.tirLac dien Lac dan eung cU.gQithe, ch u ,khong th eo - B ach Nam Vi?t chi rna d6i.gQi 10 .Hung cd". (HVDN, t'~II,tr~280). " .... Trong tham Iuan' V~ Hung Yuong va xii hQi Hung

Yuang g6ril c6 hai ph'ri. .r n a p~!n d'u c6 ti~u' d~ ,IiiBring Vuang hay Lac Yuang, .Hoa Bang nhae lairang"vI!' "Kn d~ nay, tn.t8c each mang thang Tam, .nhieuri.gt1iri ilhi~ti I A n dA tranhluan nhungchua nga ngU~'Nayden hie chang fa can phii lam cho drrt di~m~'(Sdd; ltr.287).0... x h \.. b~ h~ .,. ~hT Q ",,;,ng van ,C _0 rang ..a_u...et. at ; ! sac ... rJIDg, . : uo c xuad~u chep.Ia.Lac VttC1ng :va..lcin nay ong;-da khao sat.jnghl~ ciia t(~.c8 . cac _ch u ~c khac n h a p' d1 ! .< ! c .dung dt1ghi danh hi~u Loc :Vlidng thi ,th~yrAng nhij'Qg nghia _ d o .d~u.~ong C 9 gtla ~ dep ~a,.Nhungeng ch o ~a.~g~~6lit mot 8 1 / th~t khach quan t6n tai, chung ta chl~6 nhiemvu 18.tra cho Xe-da cai chi cua Xe-da" (Sdd, tr.288) ..Tuy< : h u trltO'ng "tra choXe-dacai chi" cua Xe~d'a"nghla Iat r a ' : ch o "HungVucng" cai danh hiet i -L(Zc Vitcmg:nhttngc u n g ~~ti'~ft0'DuYAn'hvAcu~g'vi llhunp lj do tt nh inhu ella Dao ..Duy Anh, Hcia


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xttng nguyen thuy phai 18Hung Vl1c:1ng c a . Rieng NguyenDuy Hinh trong bai FJie?m qua tinh hinh. th u ticli v~ thaidgi Hung Viloltgthi ch o rA .n g H ung V zJcm g v a Lac VltrIngla .hai each ~t ten khac nhau eua nhirng tac gia khacnhauddi v(7ingttoi dang dA u 1 6 chuc xii hQi duong thai anl16'c ta rna thai. Dil la Hung:Vtrang,;hay Lac Vlidng d~ulA-ten do cae nha vie't s a phong [email protected] d~t rav a c a hai ten d~u c o the giai thich Itdo d~t ten dllqc(HVDN, t.I, tr.9.7l. Strang nhien la ngttoi takhong thgd e dang cha'p nh~n'.r*ng day la mQt y kien c6 ean.cu.

T6in lai, van ' d e c6 thg coi nhu d B . ro rang. _.Thenhtfug -trong hQi nghi IA n thu III', ' T r A i t Quoc Vtiqng l~:ic o mQt bai tham luan nhan d~ V~danh hi~u Hung Vztdng(HYDN, t.III, tr~353-355), qua .d6 ong mu6n xem HungV~g lit .mOt.daoh hi~u rieng .bi~tchu khong phai .doLac Yuang h i chep nham ma ra. Ong.muon "tiep .canv a n d e . Hung VI1~g-tit nga dl1a~g n g o n ; ngtrhoc", vien IerAng ~ C 9 .nhieu t~n;dRtJ t eQ _ " n g U i f i, . .ten c a y co, cdm thu, ...c~a -ViE;t Nam thai c6' d t t C i 1 c gfU bdng . ch i! H 61 J" nhirngthat ra.la phien. . a m . ~,tieng v u , c a " (Sdd; tr.353) rn a yeu1 6 hung trong Hung Vliang I I I mQt truO'ng hop ..

Tran"Qu6c VlIgng ch o r '8.ngHung IA mOt yeo t o tiengVi~t c O tuong ling vdi cac ytu i6 sau da.- ,:Kun' eiia t i engMltO'ng c o nghra Iii con truUng nganh tntc}ng nha lang,Khun trong cac ngfm ngft thuoc ngft h~ Mon-Khmer vangfth~ Tay-Thai nhir tieng Laha, Khang, Ksitlgmul,'Khmlt,Thai TAy BA c va Lao, co nghia la ngl1ui til,tn1ang, ngl10ic&m dau, cung lit tieng chi gidi qiiy tQc, chi ngtlb'i d l 1 c ; t ctOn kinh. Thi du: Khun Borom la ngttiJi tu tntltng mrahuyen thoai nita lich s a eua ngtlai Lao; Khun Qudng,Khun Mun, Khun Pien, v,v .. la nhftng til tntOngciia ngttCliLahava ngtlai Khang,'Khun Coong l a ngtmi cain dAu,

chi huy viec lam chie-c tr6ng mdi trong I e c6 truyenmirng thAng tt1n cua A~nhaThai Thuan Chau tntlic eachmang thaI}Z Tam. Ngoai ra oog con lien h~ vcji tiengMun-da a An eo ; ngon ngU nay co Khunzt chi nguai cdmdiu gia ~c hay caclmh vtlc dai sang, ton giao. Thamchi ong: con lien h~ vi}i th G ngft Son Tcly ngay trudctrong phirong ngi1~BAcbQ; d d~y tte con chiri nhau c o Call"Tien su ong Khutin nha may". Kluuin dl1qc giai thfchnhu la ong t6, ngtlili cAm da.u mot gia tQc. V~ ml)t ngUnghia lit nhu the. . .v~mat ngft am, Trin Q u o c Vltt;1ngcho rAng cac phuam dA.uk, kh', h d e dang chuy~n d6i vai nhau vi d6 lit

nhtrng phu a m cU-ngvitricau a m (ngac sau hay It1O'i.sau)ch i khac nhau v ~ phinrng thrrc cau Am , (k 18. a m tAc, k' laam b$t hoi, kh 13.Am xat) rna thoi. Rieng -am h tuykhongphdi 18.amlt1Bi sauma.laam thanh ha .u nhttngv~vi trf thl cling .nhu cacam tren, n o dl1Qcphat a m ti mQtvi trf-v~ phfa trong va do d6 c6 th~ tham gia loat chuyendtli nay. Phu a.m rna tie'ng Han Vi~t phat am 1fth vontuong ling viii me-t a m h hay kh trong cac phinmg ngfttie'ng Han hien dai. Theo S t : t phuc nguyen eua B.Karlgrenda:'dug.c dong dao:cac nhangir hoc Trung Quae cung nhunude ngoai thita nhari thi trong c o am Han ngil, cac phuam ddu ooa.cac tit"(am v~n hoc truyen thong cua TrungHoa ,gQi la -cac thanh mAu - H:T) kien, khe, hieu, hap,hua d~u duQ'c coi lit cung vi trf v a d~u duqc gQi la nhaam, tiream l11ai sau theo thuat nguhien dai. Tit hiennay phat a m Ia hung thi a khoang the' ky thu V iNam.Vi~t chi 1ftsach dc1utien ghi chep danh hieu Hung Yuangra dai vito the ky Day) khong the co dang nhir hien nayr n a phai c o phu a m dau lit mQt phu a m It1ai sau nhu khhoac k...Do d6 rna n6 rat gdn vai khun, kun, hh.unzt.

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Hili Tilih


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Tra len 18.each giai thich cua...Tr~.n Quae Vuqng *v~yS'u to hung trong Hung Vuong. Cacho gi~i thich Day saud6 con duc;tcong truy~n giaIlg hol)c thong bao cho nhieueli toa khacnhau, trong .do c6 c a HQi nghi IA n th(t~IVgitra cac mrdc xa h{ti chu nghia v~ cac ngon ngil phuongBong hop t~i thanh pho } l6 Chi Minh nam 1986 (X.Tie'p ~nlich sit van hoa Vi~t Nam tu...nga.~duangJ;lgonngU, trong Nhang van d~ ngon. nga hoc v~ cdc ngon ngaphuang Bong, Hit NQi;1986,. tr.477-489), Sau day chungwi se 'phan tich xem each giai thich tren djy.cua 'I'ranQu~c Vugng c o gia tr] nhu the. Il~O . ~'.

.t .. . J .. ..' Trti.n Qua e Vtlqng daxem khun. -I s mcSt tu chung (=cung goc va.la ho hang vdinhau) cuanhieu ngonnguthu~c ho Mon-KAmer va Tay-Tha]. Nhung ngtfai ~takhong the luon luen xem cacrtu:d6ng .nghra va dangam " ho~c cQ.nam~trong.nht1ng nge n ngtJ Ian can litnhilng~tlf cung goc bdi chung.-rat co .th@chi IS.;nhllngtit yay ~llq'n' cua nhauma thai. Nhieunha ngtJ hocbac th.y da nhac nba di~'u nay:L. Hjemslev da .vilt:"Hai ky, hieu c o .th~ t o ra tham .gidng nhau m a . , v a nkh6ng h:~co vai nhau m Q . t - . mOi tuang quan phd h~ naoc a n, va "Ne'u ..ngliai .ta phai CaD' c u . van s 1 l gi6ng nhauben ngoai thi. khong th phan bie t .dlic;tcnhtrng.tu ,vOn13. yay muqn vai nhimg to von cirng ngudm goc vd'inhau tLe langage, traduit du danois par 'Michel Olsen,Paris, 1969,,:p.112)~N6i v e ' vi~c. nhin vito hinh thircngU am cua cac tll ma dinh hQ hang nhuTran QuaeVurmg' dB.lam, J.Vendryes da . vi~t: "1)6 la o mot phirongphap nguy hi..!m. Trong gidi til nhien, co nhilng ngunicung he hang gi6ng nhau d6n noi ngttdi nay ..bi nhanla ngttCsikia, Nhung kho ng phai tat ca nhung k e giongh~t nhau d~u la ho hang cua nhau ..Trong ngU h Q - C

cling v~y,:,nhang s\! giong nhau thucng hay da nh lira"(Le langage, Paris, 1921, p~360).A. Meillet cung tung viet: "Khi ngimi ta g~P trong

nhieu ngon ngU - co ho hang hay khong - nhO'ng' titgi6ng nhau sat sao vita v~ hinh thuc vita v~. nghia, thitntdc het ,n~ai ta phai t1 / hoi xem co phai Ia tat c a cacngon J?gft con lai < l a . yay muqn eua mQt trong nhungngdn ngft a y haykhong" ilntroduction a l'etude com-parative des langues indo-europeennes; Paris, 193~, p.378)..M~illet da cho thi dl,l"~ danh til co ngh!Jll~ hmh phat,tien chuoc, v.v .. trong mQt 56 ngen nglt 4nAu:.ti~ng.HyLap paine, tieng La Tinh poena, tieng Ireland c6 daipian, ti~ng Gallois poen, 'tiengThttqng Daec~ d~{pi';a(Dt1c hien d~i.pein), tie'ng Anh cd dai pitn (Anh hie n daipine'ARa~'f) va. chi ro ra rang d6 khong .phai IAmOt ~lt~gpcAn Au eo_xtta m a cac ngonngu tren-day d~u cungbao t6n dllgc~Lj do lit mOt p cua nhom Celtic. (rna dai. _. . . '. '. ~dien d day la tieng .Ireland co dai va tieng -Gallois)khong bao giCt la mt)t p An Au; Cling v~yd6i vdi p cuanhom Germanic (rna 'd?i dien d day 18.ti~tlg'Bac vatie'ng Anh). Th1!C.te 'a day 18 cac ngOn r t g f t Ireland, Gallois,Due, Anh d~u dii mu'~l1llJ ti~ng La Tinh poena con chmhcai tit nay cua' ti~ng La Tinh thl lai lit muon a phuongnglYDorien cua ti~ng Hy Lap: d6 lit danh tu poina (X~sdd, tr.378). '

Ngay trong mqt ho ngon ngir rna con nhu the', hu6ngchi cac ngtmngtr rn a Trdn Quae Vl1qng da trung dAn,thuQc hai ho khac nhau, mOt dAng 1& Mon-Khmer,mQt dAng 10.Tay-Thai, thi lam sao c6 th~ n6i rAngkhun la m


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124

hoac gian tiep muon ciia tie'ng Lao thong qua ti6ngThai Tay Bite, con chinh ti6ng Lao thi l~i m1itln totieng Pali guru c6 nghia la ngttai thy hoac ngui1idiroc sung kinh.

Trong tieng Lao, tu dang xe t khong pha i18.mQt tile o thanh ngang; no c6 thanh thap di len rna chiing tojtarn ghi bang dAu nga. Biti ~he,d6 kh6ng phai lit khunr n a 13.k!tiin (Trd xudng, tieng Lao duQ'c ghi a m bAngchu quoc ngU nen gia tri phat am giong.nhl1 trong tie'ngVi~t. Rieng v~ thanh di~u thi se ghi theo Marc Reinhorntrong Dictionnaire laotien-franeais (Paris, 1970) nhtrngthanh thap di len (gravemontant) thi ghi bAng da.'unganhu dd n6i: nhung thanh "nay khong c6 gia 'tij. giongnhu trong t:ieng Vi~t~Con' tien:g Pali thi dl1qc ghi bAngchu La Tinh theo quy udc thong dung. Nhilng ct11i~utieng Lao la lay theo M. Reinhorn), Ting Pali guru.cho ra tie'ng Lao kh.iin. lao mQt hi~n tuang hoan toc i "ndung qui liuit.

I . . ITr~ac het, Pali g > Lao~kh 18.lJlQt hien tuqng phobien, chitng han gaja > khdsa (con voi), gamma >.khdmma(blnh thuong, thong tt}c),gini > khini (laa),gutti >khut,dang tdt va hluitti dang d& y du (su bao v~, 8 1 1 trongnom), geha > khe .ha (nha), nagara > tuikhon (thanh pho,.~i d?)Xu S , v~v...Thu den, cung lit binh thuong hien tl1Q'ngr cua Pali,sau nguyen am cua a m tiet trudc, tro thanh n trongtieng Lao khi nao am tie't tiep theo cua tie'ng Pali do

n6 khdi dAu bi tieng Lao luoc bo; ~I! ItlC1Chi) nay trong.nhieu tru son (nguyen ain),. sira > si~n(da.u, ngimi dung d&u);uihiira > uihiin (tu vi~n,. chua

chien), ghora > k46n (quy, yeu rna), kesara > kayson(nhuy hoa) v.v..

CAn n6i ro rang them ra.ng ph u am d a. u c ua tit khutrong tie'ng Lao Ie ra phai d t 1 c ; 1 C ghi bAng chu kho E ) 18chtr thO ba trong bang chtt cai cua tao, v~n ditgc dungd~ phien am am v~~~u tien ella nhflng a n i ti~tpaJi bA tdAubAngg. Nh~g.O' da y no Iai dugc ghi bangchu kho Elit. chu thu hai trong bang chir mi. Day la mi}t d) .eu batthuong, nhung di~u bAt thui1ng nay co th, giai thichduqc vi ".khl1n khong ~phai 18, tn tCtng hop duy n h& t dichech khol quy tAc:' thlnh thoang ,ngttdi ta van biit g~pnhtrng tniCtng hop nhu th~, chang han Pali giddhi > Laokhithi (keo kiet; bun xin), Ph\1 am d.u cua tit nay trongtie'ng Lao cling dliqc ghi bang' chil kh:o 18.chit tha haitrong bang chtr cai thay vi bAng chtr kho IS.chfi tht1 ba ..

V~y, khong con nghi ngl1 gi ntra, khan ciia tierigLao - v a ca cua t ieng Xiem: ngfm ngU nay cling rmnrn iuPali guru v a phat am gi6ng nhu t l eng 'Lao - 13.mQt tugoc Pali (*); tit nay dB. d tfQ' c cac ngfm ngtr Thai Tay Ba.c~Laha, Khang, Ksingmul va Khmu muon lai .chu tuy~tnhien khcng phai lit mQt tu "ban ngil" trong cac thttt ieng naynhtr T ran Q u6c Vt. 1q ' il g dB . n gQ nhan, '

" .Trc1n Qu6c Vugng con e e l . quyet rang til. hien nayphat a m 18.hung thi a khoang the k y V khong th~ c odang nhu hien nay r n a phai c o a m d~u 18.mQt phu amIttai sau nhtt kh, k, Rorang day IS.mQtsl! kha.ng dinh v ocan ca .MQi ngtiC1i d ~u b i@ t rAng chit hung" la mot chf i

(*) VOithanh di~u dii nai, khun chi co thl do Pali guru ma ra, chllkhlJng thi do quangeua titng Han.

12 5


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thuQc thanh mal l "hgp J! ,"mi}t thanh mau ma gia trjngU am C J the k y V da duQ'C phuc nguyen Iii y: (VuongL ire , B ~Karlgen, H ."Maspero, Dang B6ng"Hoa ; v.v.i) hoach (Dlil1ng 'I'ac Phien),: Cii hai am nay d~u la phu am hauthanh. Rieng Karlgren v e sau da phuc .nguyen l~i ch ohung mOt phu " a m ddJI khac "l A g (X"." Grammata SericaRecensa, Stockholm, 1957, pp. 236-237 . series 88, l)nhimgday van lit mQ~ phu a m h~ thanh, C o n 1nhihlg a m _ r n aTrc1~ Q u a e VU' lng- 'dua ra ( k h , " - ' k) tt~u 18.nhtrng phu Am " v othanh trong khi_ d6 '6ng- Iai nhan la mmh da lam congviec phuc nguyen'tlieo"k~t q u a nghienciru cU a B.-~Kar lgren"da dli


24/62

..... K .,. -r;INHA XUAT BAN TRE& CONG T Y V AN HOA pHUdNG N AM

PHOI Hdp TRue HIENA

;.,'":11 ?NHA XUAT BAN TRE 2004

HUE THIEN..

NHUNG, , < ' "TIENG TRONG?QUACUA

CACNHAsAM(Nghien cuu, trao dli vi nga vanva lich. su)


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vn DANII HI~U ~ IIONG VUO'NG > ,.

I,

TRONG hili phat hi~u (y Hc)i ngh] Bin thir 1 nghien ctru thai ky Hung VtrO'ng,chung t~i dii neu len kh~ nang liep e4n van (t~ Hung Vuong tir nga


26/62

IION G VU ON G Ilt)N G N U (J~ (III)

Nhirng 1.J~c Vuong th l kh~ng I Nhn t djnh I n Ilung Vuong. VU8 Ilung, Ben Hung ,N ha Ilung, Nui Hung, ... I{ y fret ky nlem ciia nhnn dun - trong trtrong ho-p C~lth~ 1180 (t6 c6 th~ sui - song n6i chung lit dieu Ina nha khoa hoc phai l(lU tr ong.(;811 nhtic. ~rh~1l trong, 1 \I< ) t tty lubt cua lnnI I y hoc I n cui gl ciin (IU en till tinquen roi, cai gl truyen thuyet dan ginn con nho, thl d6 lit kj niem snu Sltc .

Ttr Ma-xpe-ro (1) d~n Dao Duy AIIh


27/62

v~ I )ANII IIIJ~U 1-ION G VU O'N (~ 3f)5I..I~I)g (~hlrgl1g (tern dan "fhoi tai vung S (1Jl La, Lsi Chllu hi~n nay. Khun I - A i ,~ .nang U a (chang I...u , nang U a) : n h an v ;) t tro ng truyen e ll tlch ciiu llgtrai Khangb v ung Thuan Chau .

Khuu C O O l l Y : nguai cam dau, ch l h uy v i~e lam chiec tr t ing mo it rong I e e lltruyen nnrng thang lr~ll cua Anita 'fhfii Thuan Chau trtroc CaCl1 mang th ang T urn .

Ngtro iMun-da - v e lieng n6i, sinh hoat .. e6 uhieu Del luang tu ngtro iVie ] ,nlnr h98 si N guye n B6 Cung dii phat hieu - ciing e6 lu' ({khunzt (0, 1110t clurcv i xii hoi chi ngiroi Can l "in gia lQ c (t~ ti~n) bay cam dliu cac Hnh vtrc dO'isong, to n g iao , . . trong lang. Lang co 2:- 3 clurc kh unzt : khunzt munda (nlnrIy trll"bng), k hung t l)a hall (V ! I e tu), khunzt mahto , khunzt leua r, Cae clnrc khunz ttro ng 1 1 1 < ) t IS l lg dell In con chan nganh 118m e un m


28/62

TIro 'rIM NGU()N GOC ~G(r NGIIIA eVA Ttl ' I~O~~L~C

N GU Y~N r{ '~1 ' rIIANv a VU 'O 'N G LOC

/ ,1 ' 1 ' hill nay, nu)l cun hoi inn nnh cluing lui: ngnon g6c ngir nghia ciln ur 10 lac Irong Ilh ii'ng Lil' Lac dien, Lac deUI , J . I " C ,TlIO'ng, Lac han, I . . . , Qc l l l 'O'ng, I.ac Vi~t

I it g l ? I ) h i . ichall g I ~C 1 : \ chi 111 I " c " 'I V I sa 0 I ~ ig QiI it ru Q ng J .I f J C ( I ..,~lc die n ) ?Chung l6 i co gang dun vito nhirngthanh ttru ella van 1\1' hoc, CUll danh xtl'ng hoc(onomastiquc), dijc hi~t I n ella tO c danh 11QC (ethnonymie), cua ngii' anl hoc Iichsir ... v a nhil ng thanh ttru cua cac nganh khao e~ hoc, sir IIQC, k inh ,~ hoc ... ganday d~ Llm hi~ll vlln dcn~\y. Trlnh bay nhflng suy Ilghi trong hili nay, chting toichl co JllQL mong muon lit gQ'i ra 1l1Qt S() Y d~' cac ban


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t . 3 6

, hi~u th] thai (tc) khinh 111il dun h )c (d~n nay , In ':~n con 11( ' ) i 'hftll Ir:'lIi ngt.rnd~ chi s ... kh~ nhuc), v u c6 Ie cac C1.1 cho rung chlnh ehil' Lac C(~ I)() lrili ) nurilit chir chi mOt g io n g 1 1 g t l ' i 1 i .ehii s la c co phai lit ~~ khoug ? NIII nhii cho hicl chfr nay chi 2 llgh In : -chim 0 bao ) (tnQt loai chim 1 1 t 1 " O ' C , doc li t lnc ))); - e ft voIrloc li t lac ho~e([each ) . ' Cili nghla v a cal urn tlur nhfit ttt 'o'ng chirng nlur < I i i 1110 - nut cho chunglu i nlurng s... t h O t v A n khong giili quye l duoc "an de: 1l1()t lil, vi chit l1g tu i cluralhay chii nay xuill hill .O' (tllU d~ chi v e ngll'(')' i LQC '7 i~t; hni Iii, clura c()gl cht .cchan d~ noi rling hlnh COIl chim tren lrollg dung Ngoc Lfl, lrcn lhap u()ng IJf,oTh jnh ch tn h lil ch im 0 h an v i Ire n hai y (lt d6, C(') nh i i1u hlnh chim kh nc nhnu)v a c {illg c h tra c o g l ch ile chlln t1 ~ noi rling chilli 0 h uo li t to-tern cilu ngl1 '() ' i IJ~cVi t lllb"i cll.

I )hni chong lac s li l dnnh lil" ril ' l1~ chi t('.n g9i to Iien ch ilJ1g tn lh ('J'i ( '(J, dod6 kh()ng'lh~ g ia . i nghia drro'c ? Tarn thui chan irinh hoy y kien ct." f:lll'lng 16iv e von de nay, cluing lui chi XiII hru y ri}ng: lIeU li'll thanh (1 '1:111 (liern nny lhllfil phni di den )(ct Iuan : e lac J) li t InQl lfr to Vi~l, kh61lg phlti li t til' to I lan.Tom lai, dtra vito tieltg Hall v a chfr l lun khong lh~ nao dtra lO'i mo! ~ t r g i n i. thich hop I y v e IlgnO )l goc ngrr nghia cua til' tf) lac . Chlnh dieu ()(') khif;n choc hun g t o i. t in r lin g s l IJ C J) I it tif 10 Vi ~ t v a cl lc C h f i t I I it I I d ii d itn g d ~ g hilit' l () 1 1itYchl li t nhii'ng chir dung d~ phien Am.


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.. 137

di~nl YC (tia die n l e lf trli hoac dieu kicn ell tru, vi du : (ngll't'l'i) Kinh = lil' kinhd6 L6' i , (~ong hao) 'l'lurong = ( 0 ' tren CRO J; trong :\ le n 1t..' xu'ng cuu ngtJ'(') 'iDao, co 1 ten lil I{ieln l\lie n ,ng l1 in lil llg U 'u 'i () ' l"il'ng , tell g9i ngu()j Gin-ruivtin co ngh iu lit ngnoll, thac , ten gQi ' 11gll"i1i Itu-glui VOII e6 nghia 1:\' 11gtriri(0') rfl'ng , Len g9i IlgU'()'i San Chi, ngllOi.I)110ng VillI c6 nghin lil ngu'()'i (0') III'li ,ella ngll'O'i Ll-crcn VOI1: co nghlu lil ngu'()'i (0') bien gi6'i ; co khi lCII gQi co (IUUllh v oi te n Inc)t con song , 111< )tngon nui, .hay motd]a dient 1130 do, v i du : nglr(')'iVun I{iell (Hru) 0 ' lling Vnn [{iell, ngll'()'i It c (y . hen song H e ; ta gQi chung ngu'o'j..cluiu 1\11 lil Tay v : v , Ten gl}i c6 khi theo qnan h xii hoi, vi du : xtru, La gQiIJ on I{ii~lIIit khuch , dong h ilo Th lrQ 'ng g9i ngu'{)'i Vi~t I n fi io-an, t ti ' nay cit ngJ\co nghiH 1:\ khnch , I nglri) 'i G in-rut g(} i ngl~'i) 'i I~-dc I{, ((He Jlghin lil ({rtgtr6'jmoi dell, len gQi Ilg tl'i) 'i Mun-te-phlch (A-rilp) co nghin I n lien minh , len gQingu'il'i Du-co-Ia (~Jy) VOll co nghin In ngLrb'i .Cilng huy, . Co kh i t C I I ' gQi co quaIlh'; v6'i len cua L i l lrn '< l'n g, v i du : I C I I It.r xrrng CtUl ngll 'l , . i Ba-na o mnrc Iu , cunngll'i>'i U-do'-bech (Iliy len mot ong Vila lr the I{y .tLI), hay co quun h voiten g(.,iciia (riell dni, v i do: 1 1gU '( ', .i l lan, Jlgll '() 'i Qllilng 1)6ng ng ilY trtroc 1 .1 .1 'xtl 'ng lit, . ,( 'fho6ng N h ~ 11 - Ngli'il ' i I )11'()'l1g v.v.


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1 3 8 IIONG VtJaNG 1)t)NG NUflc (IV)

Tlm I rong t ieng (1!3 plurong o 111Ql so vltng Plni TIIQ cii "3 ()'111Ql sf) nrri l{hac,chung lui lhay C() til' to J"(lC (nlur Ilrro'c riic, fQn r(lc, ...) Ilghin lil (mroc) xnong ,( m n r c j Iu i. "rir nay dii lhay t r o n g c a c ttl, dj~It ella I> . Ctln, cua G i e - n i - h r e n , ClHl G .Hue, cua Khai tri tiell dire va e a trong Ti: (lielt lieng v i{~l mo'i day do Vall TanC I I U ])iCII.

Ai cling b ieL rrtllg nhirng ruong dua vao Dl1 '6 'c t ri eu len x l 10ng chl c6 th~cay ca y v ao dip mroc x l l o l l g . Loc ( I ten , vi t h e , ra L co th~ 1: \ rlH )ng (1 :\111 dtro'ckh i c o nmrc) rac , Va rat c o t11~ li t 11gtrc)"i gh i Gino Cluiu llgo~'i " ' - " C k!; do tao rnlll()t tif gh ep g01t1 c o 11IQl lilt lo Vi~t (ri1 c) v O 'i Blot lil' to H an (dicn) xcp d~t l h eotrul It! cu phap CU :l fie n g H an ( < < rijc dietl ) v il k en ) t.h e o IO 'i gilti thlch v e nQidung tft' do .

CaCl1 ghep tll nay, tlioat nghe, lUOIIg chfrng nlur vung " c nlnrng I~i rat t . ,nhien k hi 1 1 1 Q t ngmri h a l l ngii' mutin (lijt mot 1 . 1 ' 1 '1l10'i d~ hi~n til, 1l1~)l khai niemt116'i rna li r viin c o trong ball IIg fr k l10 ng l)i~u lh] day dil. N gll()i rrrttng Quocll tU C l ng gQ i rU (H Ig mroc 'do COIl ngll'()'i tuoi lat la lllilY die'l (I>. (~h~e rling f.hn&tngn nay l{h6ng phnn anh dung ruQng rijc J) Clta tn, cho IICI1 tilC gilt ctUl GiaoCluui ll!l(}~li tnrc I(!; < . l i t dl)t rn l11Qt til moi. Cach dijt til' mo'i, gllnl co 1 1 1 < ) t tit- t5Ilun v n l1)()l til' L() ngoui lui,' xira nay VAll thlr()'ng thay t rong l.icng 11:111.,Tf du : daL h 1 . 1 (Vit + Han) fi~fit = ca y dun ; b o dao thu (Phan - 1 - Han) l f j j ~ ~ . = cA ynho ; phi ti'I'U (Anh + Han) '* ii!j=rtro'u bin , v.v. Chung tol diro'c hiet (y PhuTho CU , co 110 ' i dong h :\o vAn COIl gQi nllu'llg thi'ra ruong chanl 1 :1 r tH)ng rije(chung lui clura c o dip lhltln tra IG \i) .Ne l l qua lit c6 e ach gQ i d6 thl d:ly lil nu)l


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run 'I')I\JN G IJ 0N r. 6c N G o N G Il T A 139ell lhl! lhiiy mol v ai hnng chti'ng v c s tr b i en dlli g ifi'n n v il ii, v a tt'l' II snng 6

trong lic ng La:II=ii: hang (ngay) =hling (ngny), ham 1110t = hiim Inol,dang (nay) = dang (nay).

giac = cac ( l l1


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1 4 0 ItfING VUONG D~r~(; NU(JC (lY)

N ell 1(lC I n rae nrc I n l1u'6'C t h 1 se giiii Ihlch nguon gf)c ngu' nghls ellatil' IJ~'c dan (nglfO'illlr6'c), v a cll Clift nhirng ll~l' la c vtrong , II).C hall), laclU'o'ng (VU3, quan, tll'Ollg ciia )lgll'~i ruroc J nhir the nR o?

H ie n nay , chung lo t clura co clurng c{ J d~ xac minh rA tig lig l1 'O 'i n tto ,c ( Ia cdan ) lit lCII t~' xlrng cua ta hay li t tell ilIa n gu'o-i H an hoac cac t O c 1lgU'oi khatdung (l~ gQi t~ tien ta, Nht rng du lhe nao ch,al1g nira th l vAi l co th~ fhMY n1t).i quanh ngtr nghin gin 'a e lac v a dAII, vAn co th~ thny nhieu chirng c{ J n6i le nrang loc 0 ' day ViII li t nuoc . ' \Nhie l l tili l ieu dii clnrng minh raIlS' ban dao B6ng Duong li t que hrrrrng ciialu a 111f l Inn lit l oai cay trong, ira mroc, V i v ~Y t doi vai cac loe ngu 'b- i e ll hi~t lrongluu, Vall de dnt VA 11UOC lit yan de s6nR con v~ Jnijt kinh tel l Sorn bie t t rong 1(13,lo t i ( ~ 1 1 elu'lng ta < I i i di cu theo nhtrng lrien song, lQ'i dung moi IlgUOIl ruroc d~cay ci i y, due k~l kinh nghiern lrang lila cua mlnh qua cAu tu c ngti': Nha l nutrc,J1hip h t i l , a .

~ h i c 1 J titi Iieu C d cho l)iet rlng t~ tien cluing tn con s( lng , e ~()ng ntroc s,~i()i I1ghl~ (li h ie n . Truyen lhuyet Lac Long QUAIl lit giong "(ll1g (XiII chti y rnng Long QlItin J) h A Y Long Vuong J) de u c6 ng \tin lit v ] v un t ilt ing Ir ! 1l1icI1 ntroc)v it tl'uycn lhuyet 50 nglr6 ' i COIl theo me le n nui, 50 ngu'o ' i con theo cha xu6ng hi~tl,dii noi len viec Ion sung 1Itl'c1C,8" phan b6a gifi'n mot b) lac sOllg v e rirng Jltii


34/62

1~1

phon I I A c h Vj~t s i S n g v~ nuoc (1). U il gQi nglrai n (rae th l nglr i1i gh i chepi!'.)i u v ua clul IlgUui. llU'aC , (t (Jllll)l ella nglri)'i llU'OC . illang e llu n gu 'b 'i JIulIC)ciing I n di~u rat ll.r nhien (VIIU , (Iuu11, llrallg uong tho'j nay l~h i\c ( O h l i n I(h()nggiollg vua (JUD Il CU ll 'l'rung QUQc th/Ji do; , ' a l l d~ ity kh ollg thuoc pham v i Jlghicncuu cua hili nay), Illii 'Ina 1 l 1 1 1Y nghln 118n1 lich ~ii'- r f il C(~ t h~ hAng \,J)1l niimllgiliu e ua llr I: 10e lil (I. llU'OC dii h j queu t t l v A lll' chung tly tlii trf,. t hanhduuh tl'r r ieng, nlur t rong COil Iiong ch au Lac n1ft ltr huo di)'j llUY. 11lOi kh inoi de n , C lu 'lllg tu r li ld6i ~I) hao J

..


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E l l '-TIM . . . . tDAU AVET\HUNG- VUO'NG

Jien-von jQC t9f tr v s o Qu6c-H.j r , n a n ng6y G to T6 t 5-4- J 964

III

Twcng-truyen Hung ~Vu-o-ng th{f nhat tr] vi each day han 4000cam. Rieng con so Ian lao d6 cung dti gc'i cho nhtmg ngtro 'i di tin nhattrong chung ta m-t niem nghi ..hoac . Nhfrng vua to cua dan Vi~t quathirc e ta c6 ln~t trong Hch-str hay chi Ii san-pham eua ttr&ng tugng?

Vi tho'i-gian ngan each, muon ghli dap phjin nao cho niem nghih oac d '6 chung 'ta chi con 1TI9 t each 13 . thau thap n hfrng dtiu vet euaHung - Vu-o-ng roi tir nhfrng dau vet nay suy ra Sl}' thwc - hfru haykhong thtrc - hfru eua Hung - Vtro ng.. Dau vet ella Hung . V tro-ng c6 thekhao-tarn trong 4 lanh vtrc : da - sir, chinh - S tr j co - thi r Trung quaeva di - tich ljc h - s U -. .

DAu V~T HUNG-\'UaNG TRONG DA-SUCac vua Vi~t dau tien d e dau vet nhieu nh~h tron_~ nhfrng truy~n

th3n-tho~i rruyen khau tir d&i nay qua deri khac. Nhfrng than ..thoaia y tuy co tinh each hoang - dtro'ng, khong phai 1 a nhfrng chan-ly Iich - sir theo dung nghia khoa ...hoc, nhu-ng day y nghia tu-o-ngtrtrng va dam trong mt bau khcng kh i ky ~ ao , tho- mong ciing nhtrtat c a moi thien anh - h ung - c a e ua thai tien-str. Ve sau nhirng than-thoai a y du oc ghi chep trong 2 cucn da-s tr rat dlf9'C truyen tung,soan trong th e k y XlVI khoang cuoi deri Tran :

- Vi~t - c1i~n, u -linh t~p eua Ly - te - Xuyen- Linh -'Nam chich - quai cua ~fran - the - Phip

va m(n pho than ~tich it ngiroibiet t&i1 nhan de Ia Hung- Vrro'ngsir-rich ngoc ~ph a c o - truyen, kh6ng ro ai soan va soan tir dai nao.Theo than- thoai, vua D e rMinh l a chau 3 dai vua Than - Nan gben Tau, sinh fa con tru-o ng ten 13 De. Nghi roi el i tuan-du phiro 'ngNam den nui Ngfi . linh g~p nang V1:1- Tien, sinh ra Loc - T\1c . . LQc-T 1 : l C thong - minh luan ..ttl, D e - Minh muon truyen ng6i cho, nhungL9c - Tuc xin nhtr ong cho anh Ia B e - Nghi. B e - Minh ben l~p D e -Nghi lam vua phu-o ng Bac, phong LQc. .T\1c lam vua phirong Nam ..

- 99


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98

LOc-T \ tC d ,t ten DU'ac la Xfch - Q~ y , la y hi~u la Kinh - Dirong .Vuctng ii. ff; - . . 1 . . ttre L 1;1 -c..Duong- VtrO'ng r_ t ~ . 1 . . t me r diu ho Hong -Bang v a 13 vi vua tha nhat eua da- tc Vi~t. B Ct c 5i Xich ..QuY Tat rngIan: blc giap ho DQug-dinh, Nam giap Ho-Ton (Chiem-Thanh), Tfiygiap Ba - Thuc (Tfr ~xuyen)~ Dang giap bi!n Nam - hal ., nghia 1; gommien H ac Trung -Viet, toan bQ B~c - Vi~t va cac tinh Quang - dong,Quang-dy, H~-nam v a Quy-chau ngay nay, Kinh-DU'O'ng-VltO"ng layLong-Nfe, con gai vua h o DQng-dinh, xay cung di~n tren nul Nghia.linh cho nang a, sau sinh dtr9'c mQt con trai tea gQ i Suog ..Lam ttrCLac-Long ..Quan, Kinh ..D trcrng. VU"O'ttg truyen ngol cho Lac-Long-Quan,khai-nguyen che-d chi. truyen con noi gQi 1ft phu-dao,

L~c. .Long-Quan ;~ fit .- e la y h ieu 1ft Hung-Hien-Vt.rcrng J.~ \~ _l..d6ng dO C t Phong-chau (huyen Bach-hac, tinh Vmh-yen), nhirngthuang hay di ve Thuy-phu 13 n o'i que me, Dan chiing c6 vi~c can to-ichi keu: (lB6 .oi l B o di d~ng nao khcng ve cuu chung con ? J), LacLong-Quae ~p tite den ngay, linh-trng va cung .. Ngrr&i Vl~t goi chabang b5 ba t dau tit d6. L~c-Long-Quan la y' o il Au-CO' hi co n giH E l e -

'-Lai (I), s inh ra m?tt. bee 100 tTu-ng nCr thanh mO t tram con trai . . Khicac con khon Ion, Lac ...Long-Quan hQP quan than d e ban vi~c phongttr6-c nhttng quan than deu chiu kh6ng bitt lam the nao vi IOO ngu-b'ideu giong nhau nhtr due ve strc-hrc cilng nhtr v~ d(fc-h~nh. Sau phaidung phtrong-phap nit tharn. Ngtro-i rut trung tharn dau tH~nten Ia Hung-Lang t i t ~ ~ (2) duQ'c nh~ I a con trtrbng. Ngtr&i ru tDha~ so trot ten la Thanh.Lang.

I

Lac-Long-Quan " ngoi 400 nalnt c6 nhieu cong kien - quae: naodiet t r u - nhfrng loal ye.u~quai nhir Ngtr-tinh \)a Ho-tinh d e cho dandtr\yc _aD..Ctr Ittc-nghi?p, n a o d?y da n each I n m~c ctlng nhfrng m6iquan ..h~ gifra cha cou, chong vg, v ua toi, Xa..hi 'Ti~t..N am bat dau cptr~t ...tv", c6 luan- thtrerng tir d6.. M9t hom L~c-Long ..Quan bao . A u . -C O " rang:

(1) linhNem et l kh qua i cnep AUrea J. V'l DirL.!Si.(2) N99C- phi cnep J, Hdflg.lln.

K T a 1 3 l oa i rang sinh trU'o-ng a thuy-tQc, n a n g Ii giong t ien sinhtrtrcrng trin mii, thuy hoa khac nhau kh6 rna a CUDg nhau trtt(mg ....cau.V~y phil Iy-bi~t, ta dem ~o trai v~ dU'O'i Thiiy ...phu, 50 trai theo nanglen rni i, nhtrng ~ulen nt'ii xuong DU'Ctc co vi~c vin cung ngbe,. khongdU '{Yc b o nhau.s

Au-c


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H un g-H u y-V U "O "n g c 6 22 con e rai, Lo vi~c truyen ngoi, vua hopcac con l~i ba D r1ng :.:

Tit nay tal cuoi nam, dii'a na n kiem dtrge thtrc an ngon nhatJlqui nh~t.d! dang cung .tien-vtro ng ch o tr o n dao hH~~uthlta se truyenngoi cho.s

Cac con ngU 'Cri d:i S 3 ! : l ban, k e thi chai 1U ' &i hoac d6n m ua 0 - chobua, dua nhau tim kiem ella nson v~t 41 . Rieng ngU'Cri con thtr chinte n Ii Lang-Lieu, me chet 1~ it cl-hfru, phanAv~n suy-tlnh Ulai khongbiet chon thir gi. Mt}t dem me' (hay than ...nhan day rang:

"T rong trb 'i dat kh6ng c6 gi qu y bang g~o vigao .dung de; nuoid an , n gtre ri ta a ~ mai kheng chan. N eu la y g~o ne p g6i thanh hinh trond~ tU'gng trai,. ho~c g6i rhanh hinh VUOEg d e tiro-ng d~t.. 0 - trong lamnhan th~t ngon ngu ." 1 trai dat bao ..ham van ..v~t thi vua cha chac se

H ung- T ao -Vv=sHang-Ngbj- VU'Qlng

Trang khoang theri-gian til' Hung-Qucc-Vwong wi Hung- Nghi-Vtro ng - khong biet dich-xac dtrrri der i vua nao - c6 hal anh em sinhd6i ten Ii Cao - Tan va Cao - Lang giong nhau nhir hai giot mroc, inccOi cha me, chung song va thiro-ng yeu .nhau rat mire. Sau Cao-Tanlay V C J , Cao - Lang gi~n anh doi Xl r c6 phjin lanh nhat han xira,be t;lha ra di..Gip mot con song lCtn~ ,khong c6 thuyen d e sang agang,Cao-Lang ngoi kh6c roi che t , h6a thanh mQt cay cao vut. Cao- Tao th .aymat em, di tim khap no-i khong g~p; den ben goe c a y gieo rninh t1!-~nt hoa thanh m()t clng da~ flen ltrgt ngtrai vg di tim chong, th a ychong cia chet cling d~p Q au chet thee, h6a thanh mgt sgi day leo quantren tang da. Dan lang h ay tin, thuong camJ l~p den 0 d6 d~ thoba ngtro'i,,vira long. ~

Lang-Lieu y theo, lam banh tron gQi la banh day, banhvuong gQ i J . . a banh chtrng ; t&i ky hen, qua nhien dll"Q'C cha cham nhat.Lang-Lieu l~n noi ngoi, hi~u 13.Hung-Chien- v U ' O " ~ . tjt ~ a .

MQt hom Hung-Vtro-ng tuan-du qua d~nt ghe vao nghi chae. Vuahoi bi:t S\t" tinh, mer i sai quan hau hai trai ca y v a h i day leo, lay hranung da lam vOir roi hop ca ba thUt r n a a n thi thay mui vi thorn ngonmoi me p tham d o . . V ua tru ye n pho-bH~n men qua rno-i nay trong dan-gian: tuc an trau eua dan ta kho-i-thuy til' do. ( I ) . .

De n v ua Hung-VU'O'Dg t h u - 18J hj~u ,1 3 Hting~Tuyen-Vtrcrng jft~ . . E (2) kh6ng c6 co n trai, chi ' sinh dU'Q"c hai con g 3 . i . , tr~Crng laMy-niro-ng (3) Tien-Dung (4), thir la My-mro'ng NgQc-Hoa.

"

Sau Hung-Chieu- V tro-ng, d a n Vi~t con htr&ng thai-blah ~ .tral 10dOi vua ke t i e p la:

Hun g-Vi- V iro-ng ; t i t ~t j..' : . ! ' jHUDg-)!Dh- VU'O'ng -i jt ~- _j_ rf t _ jHu n g- U y . .V u -o -n g (1) ij! .~ _!. f,,Hung- Tri nh-Vir o-ng tit ~. . . . _ 1 . .1/ 1,H ung-Vii- V iro-n g ~ j_ \ 3f_Hung- Viet- Virong ilt ~ .l-H ting -Anh- V tro-ng i . f ! ,1 " ~,.:x..,-'' ' ' _.J-Hung- T r: eu - V trong t i t ~ f . l ~~-----~__..

~-~-~--- ~-.---

(1) Ngoc phi c n e p Hung~ VuO'ng thLi- 10 III Hung-U v ~VtrO"ng . An-Narn t~Ong'S~ eu a N h a m . .T oo T hAn h -D oa n v a E.ssa j d"h isto ire d " " A n n a m ev a Ch . Pairis chip Hil{lg~V t.rO 'n g th u- 1 0 l~ H~ng-H)' ,VU"O"ng tit ,,~ _l. i V3v ~h eo An -Nam t hOng-sL i vli Essei-d'hjstoire .d ' A n l l i l m , Huog",VlIanl th6- 5 v i thu- 10 a eu hi~u 18 H u ng . .H.,...V U " ' O " n g ~ nhtfngh ai c h LJ o H y v i ' t k h a c n h a u .

( ] ) T heo HOI ng~t r


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102 :--

, '

My...mrong Ti~n-Dung 18 tuoi vin chira chju lay chong, chi thiclrngao-du san.thuy .. Bay gier b lang Chir-xa (I) C9 Chfr ...yy-Van tfnl tth~nh hi~n-hba nhtrng ngheo co cec, sinh dt.r~c I con trai gQi IiCh&...

"IIdong ...Tit ..GfP iuc chay nha, chi con' I' cai kho, cha con ra vao thay d~i.nhau rna m~c.. Chfr-vy~Vln c h ef ., )o ng - Tir v5n ngtl'cfi hieu tl130, Iiykho chon cha con tv minh khong cO gi che th~n, vira d6i vita ret, phiidi cau cl, h~ tMy Utuyen huon di qua thi 19i ~uong dung gifra giongniroc xin an. Mot hom dang caUt doaD thuy!n cua Ti!n-Dung xichden, Bong-Tlr thay nghi-trtrgng co-xi, s~ hai an than trong bai laus~Y.. (lao ca.t thanh yung, n1m van d:6 roi lay cat dap len minh. !{hongnger Tlen-Dung l~i ghe thuyen vao bai dao cho-l rai truyen thi ...t)r"v ay man d~ ~m.' Tien-Dung dQi ntro-c, cat troi di, than hinh Chir-dong_.T if d2n dan 19 ra, Ti~n-Dung hoi ro ttgtto a can, cho Ii duye utreri ,djnh mal 1 5 y lam cho.ng~

Hung-VU'cyng, biet trnyen, c a gi,n, h~ l~nh tir coli. Tien ..Dungkh6ng dam tra ve Phong-chau : vg chong din nhau di, treri t5i kh6ngc6 noi tr9,t p h a i dirng chin gifra dtro-ngt cam g~y xu5ng dat roi tip,n6n len Q~ 4lm trti .. Nita d e w thanh-quach lau ...a a i moe le n san-sat, d uc a man trtro'ng, chiu ngoc, qu1n hau. Din' chung quanh do thay th e'lay lam kinh.d], tranh nhau dem l1trO"nghoa, ngoc tht;c den dang hien.,

Hilng-VU'(Yng nghe tin, t1.tlrng con lam loan ben sal quan qua.n di,danh_, trai dong each Tien-Dung mt con s~ng Ion. Canh hal' songgi6 n~i l!n a m ~m, thanh.quach l a u - a a i cUa Tien-Dung trong c h o e hitnho bay l!n ,!rait d3:t cho d6 sup xuong thanh mOt cal dam la-n,ngtrM sau goi ta da m ~hat-d? thang-thien (2) hay, van ut lil dam,Nh~t-d~r hi~n con di-tfch a vung H u-ng-yen (3)~(1 ) N .y tA l.ng la-hoB, phu ' Khoa i . .c h a u t t inh H trng~ y A n .(2) MOtd~m bay I'n tn7i.(3) BO nl N hJt~de .. sa u da.i 99i t. dim D4 '. ..t r~ ch , c hu . .vi hA~ vlli chue d~m~ cllv ~5i: ,

urn-turn, lau s$y chl~chH, J,i co nhilu m ub i d Oc \11tjn rei ' 8 1 \ flap trang cle hang h6",G itra d ~m c o n htrng kh oing G lt cso c o th ~ tim n h e o ' t " nhung b5 n m~t bu n r a y " ,ng ltcri vi i ngv. khl Jng th. d. dlrQ"c. MuSn v ii a t rong de n: l ph & '1 du n il ' t hu } en d"c..,mc)c d) y h ,6-t t r fl in mI t nU 'a~ n e u \16 y .. nq s xu5ng- tat bi ran d_(k cin chit ngev.Nlm 548 hrung c~a VUI Tiln l Y . .Nam-D;' f. Tdeu~Quang.PhlJcJ ~O't.d~ng J'ia ..the,h i~m..,eu c u . dam D.o.tr,c~-, alt l . a n . .do8nh a do, d LlnG ch;en- fhut t tlu~kk h Jehongvui quan nhA luang . .. n hb - th . rna sau 1"'01 J U ' v c quan llrcrng, Jan ng8i VlJa hi~u'Ii: Tri.uVt't~VU'un8'

- 103-

ITien-Dung da' l~y Chfr-dong-Tu, con l~i My-ntrO'ng Ngoc-Hoa,

:xinh dt;P tuyet voi, vua nwoc Thuc C r lang ..di~ng hoi 13m Vfl nhirng"kh6ng ung t hu~n . Sau co hai ngcroo cung t&i hoi, Hun g - Tuyen-Vuong d!u irng y" la Sou-Tinh, than nul Tan-vien (I) v a Thiry-'Tinh, "tHan h e , E >Q ng -d in h . Be giai . .quyet tinh-trang kh6 khan

Nhl lng c o m9t n a n g rn a hoi r~Vua cho rang the cOng." 1. hot nhleu (2)

Vua U'Ctchen ai n~p d o sinb-l~tr iroc s e g a Ngoc-Hoa chao Son...'Tinh t&i t rtroc, dU'gc v"Q"J dU"a ve b mii Tan...v ie n, tlnh San-tay."Thtry-Tinb t6"i Chi-m, Do i ghen, lien dang DU 'QoC va xua esc loai'thuy.quai duct' danh d~ doat ngU'oi dttp. Son..Tinh dung ltroi sat

, , 'chan ngang song d e chan quan eua Thuy .TInh , l @ . i hOO phep lam chonui Tan -v i@-n w theo rmrc mroc dang rna cao dan~ Thuy-Tinh thatb~i nhirag tit d6 sinh ra thu-oan, nam nao ciing dang ntr&c dauh.SO 'n . .T inh , g a y ra tham-hQa h}.t...19 i ch o nhan- di n.

.r!IIIij1

, ,Ca u truy~n tinh dep n hu tho cua My - nU "O 'n g N g o c Hoa ,va San-'Ttnh kbong nhfrng et a ga y ra l \l t-lQi rna con la nguyen-nhan di~t-vang' cUa ho Hong-Bang. Th~t v~y, vua Th~c hoi Ngoc-Hoa kboog duoc ,cam. gijn, khi sap cbet d~n con chau phai bao thu, Chau la Thuc,Phan c6 sue manh l~i nhieu mtru ltr'ic, dem quan sang danh ntr&cVao.-Lang~ Hung- Tuyen-Vtt'o-ng 'tbua)~ tho ra huy'et roi gieo rninh-xuong g ie ng ch et . . Thuc-Phan chiem ntr&c Vall-Lang, di te ~ 13 Au-Lac, t\f l~p lam 'vua hieu 13.An-DU'O'ng- Vu-o-ng, d6ng da 0 - Phong.khe.

Tit Kinh ...Dwong-Vtro-ng len ngoi nam nharn-tuat , dong thaiv&i E> e -Ngh i ben Trung.quoc (nam 2880 trtro'c T~y..lich ky-nguyen)< t e n Hu n g- T u y e. n .V uO "n g m a t nam quy -mao Qeri Ch u Noan ..VU'O"ng(nam 258 trtt'o-c TaY..lieb), ho Hong-Bang truyen d ll'gc 18 deri v ua (3): (1) The' ) f8n -" i8n~th ln !u/,tlch, S anlinh t@n th4l IA Nguyen~c(jr.g~Tuan, quS a t 1 5 n g

ling-xl1O'ng, huy~n T h 8 n h ~ t h u y . . tlnh Phu-th9 . . n o t . ngheo p ' h i i i d. k j e m C UI nu6ime-.. m't hO m tinh c a cu-u s5051 con trai LongrV'Lrcrng c ,. N am ..hai, dllQ'c long-Vt100g tra e rn ting tho m ( S t quyen $~ch vtrc, 'J&c g 1 dU 'q ' c nay. T lr d6 thanh tntin,I~n nu i Tan . .vi@n tu.luv,n, cfqc sach. N ay c tinh SO'n .-t iv khap ncd de u co dIn thO- .

1(2) T hO '" N g uy lm . .n hU 'Q 'c . .Phap.{3) C o n gU 'O -i ' ch ~ rang hQ HongB~ng co 20 d e r i vua: 18 d u i Ht . ng~ VU 'O' ng+ ltc,long.Quan + Kinh...DU'O'ng-VU'O'ng . 1htt r. dli (.6 18 dOi, k3 c:i L,~-Long-Quan VI KIM- DL1ung~V..,O'Rg .

- 105 _ ..


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104 -i CQog 2622 namt Tinh trung-binh m&i vua tr]...vi 145 nam: dieu

d6 khong t h e ; dung ~\f th~t~',Cae vua Hung d~y dan phep dIn thuynh~p di~n d: ~ tr~ng-tr9tt dung dao cufic d e cay bira, c a t t6c- ng~n.d~ ti~n vao rung nui, xim cac hinh thuy-quai len than minh d~ khixu6ng nU'tYc giao-long (thut;ng-luong) tt.r&ng Ia d'Ong..Ioai rna kh6nglim hal. Ve nQi-tri thi phAn~dinh ttrcyc-vj : quan van goi la L~c-hau,.quan v o gQi la Lac-nrc-rig, quaa nh o gQi 1 3 . B o . . .chinh, con trai vuagC?i 13 . Quan-lang, con gal.. vua g9 i 13 My.n1. tO"ng. . V e ngo~i-giao-thl hai lan tim each thong~hi~u v&i Trung ..quoc. Lan thfr nhat,dtrCri dM E>e-NghiSu, Hang-Vtro-ng sai sir sang c-oog I con rua than ..Lan thir hai, dU'eri deri Chu Thanb-Vu-ong, ~i sai sir sang tien m~tcon bach-tri, nhtrng ngon-ngfr bat-dong, phai qua hai I a n thong-djch mai hi~u. T! ...ttr&ng Chu-cong-Dan trong thtrang str-gi3; 4i bancho xe chi-nam (1) d~ bi~t dtro-ng v e nU'&c~

Tom l~i cac vua Hung khong nhfrng co. cong 1~p-q4 oc va!khai-hoa nhan-dan ma con c6 cong thH~t-~p nhifng dinh-che chinh-tr], kinh ..te , xa-hQi can-ban n6 phin-bi~t van-h6a Vi~t ..tQc v&i van-hoa Han-toe.

, j;,;ILI ',I;1

DAU . V.ET HUNG.VUaNG TRONG " ?CHINH- SUChung ta a a biet, theo than". tbo?i , ho HOng-Bang bat dau ttr

the-ky tbt'r XX_IX va mat V30. tbe -kY. thtr III tnro-c Tay-Ilch k - y - -nguyen. T h e rn a phai cho den t~n th~-ky th ir X II I .sau Tay-lich chtmg ta mo-i c6 duQ'c cuon chinh-str dau tien: d:6 1 a cuouB ~i- V i~t sir...k Y do Le- v a n - H iru . soan na m fl - 272 deti T ran- Thanh-Tong, Mot n gan ,n am tram nam d3: troi qua, trong d6 co gan mQtngan nam do - hQ eua. Trung - quae vo'i bao cuc chien.tranh.xa~"lang va chong xam-l .ang . . Cae vua; H ling da tan vao b6ng t6i,cu a thCri-giao va c6 Ie khong cOn hy-vQng tim thily nhfrng bang ..chung

jiIjf

(1) Xe c~t nam : xe cO d ie ~b bn de chC phlf"ong Nam.

C\I.the, xac.;,th11c v! dbi Hong-Bang nii'a. Ch~c chao vi th~ rnaf )~ i" 'V i~ t - sit..kY cua Le 60v a n - H U 1 l chi chep tit _dirj Trieu ..fJ a (208trrrac Tiy-ljchl v e sau.

Sang t A e ~ k y XIV xuat--hi~n cucn Vi~t ..sU-..1trQ'c rna tac-gia chuabiet li ai, v a cuan An-Nam chi ....ltrgc do Le-Tac, mQt phan-thanaa i Tran, soan trong khi bOn-dao sang Trung...quoc. Theo thu- tl!n i en -kY, Vi~t..slr-ltr9'c dli'ng sa u D~ ..Vi~t sir-ky cua Le-van-Hirunhtrng lai -ia cuon sir Vie t - { fau ti!n c6 ghi chip v e hQ Hong-Bang.Theo sach nay, dja-giCri l1uac ta buOi dau gom 15 bQ: Giao-chi,Vi~t-th~CrngJ V ii-ninh, Ninh-hai, Va~-l;ang; Luc-hai, Hoai-hoan,C iru. chan, Nh~t~nam, Qu~u-ninhJ' Gia.ninh, Thang ...tuyen, Tan ...xtrong, Binh ...van, Ciru ....d&c~ Den Thanh ...v tro'ng nha . Chu (r024-Io05 trtr&c Tay-ijch) Vi~t-Thirong sai su- sang (ien m9t con bach ...tri, len deri Trang ..V\fO'ng (69~682 trtrCrc Tay ..llch) b bQ Gia-ninhco ngtrCrl dung_ ao-tbu~t khuynh-phuc d"trQ"c 'cac b Q "'~ c, _tv xirng1a Hung- V \rang, d:6~ do it Van-lang, d~t ten nacre III Van-Lang,truyen dU"Q" c 18 dai de u gQ i la H i1 ng - V U'01lg~ Cuoi de ri Chu,Hilng- Virong thti- ~.8 bi Thuc-Phan di~t. Nhir viY, theo Vi~t-sir-iU'QrCJ tru&c th~~ky.thu VII trtro'c Tay-lich chi' c6 nhfrng b~ lac sang..tan mac. Ba t da u tit t h e .kY VII tnroc Tay-Iich, cdc b~-l~c ay tn e r i t~p~hop t banh quoc-gia dU'&i 31 1 -lanh ..da o cua Hung- VU'O"ng . . Va t inh titnam a a u df1i Chu. Trang- VU'o:ng d e n nam Thuc-Phan chiern ntt&cVan-Lang;f 18 d&i Hung-Virong da tri-vl 434 nam, trung.binh millvua 24 nam, Con s o n a y ho-p It han con s o 145 na m ciia da-sir~~

An-Narn chi-luge chi lay tai-li~u 0 - thtr-tich Trung.qu6c nenphan danh cho thiro-ng ...co th(Yi. ..d~ qua tr so-..sal. Can-elf tren sachStr-ky, Le.Tac xac-I,h~n s\f.kien Vi~t-Thtreng cong Chu Than h>VU'O'ng mQt con chim trY trang, v a din sach Giao ..chau ngoai ..virc-ky i. .


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Vua Li~Thai-T(j hoi: Danh..hi~u quffc-([t) xira nay thay dbi ciingnUi song, phong- tuc , nhan-vij1; lien..sinh tun k e Z a n Iwp-t , chip ro rangd! trdm the cd c d.ta dii theo, rla viet~

Nguyen-Trai . tau; Kinh-Dirong-Virtmg dirng nll 'iYc g {J i 1 0 . Xich-Quy,do 0 - Phong ...chdu.. Thuc g9 i nzrtrc liz A u - L 4 c . , dd ,y Phong-klu: Trih: g{JtnU'O'c lb . Nam.Vi?t" d o q Phiin ..n gu n g .. T rt rn g g9 i n U ' c Y c La. Hilng-Lgc, ..ti6 lr Me-linh)} ..

Be n nam 1479, deri Le Tbanh-Tongt Ng8-si-Lien SO~ bQ >~i-Vi~t slr.kY tcan-thu chep t y - m y han ve d e r i Hong-Bang. Trong bait\fa, ong cho bi~t da I.5y tai . .H~u 0- cac sach da-sUo nhtr Vi~t-di~nu-linh t~p v a Lfnh-nam chich-quai .. Bo-i I e d6, vo i tfnh th~n.tr9ngdang ca..tung (y mQt su--gia" eng xep d?ri Hong-Bang vao mgt phanrieng m~nb-danh 13 ngo~i-kY. Va 'cung b&i Ie d6 phan ngo~i-ky cua)~i.V ie t S lr-k y toan-thir nro-ng.tu ,nhtr truyen.thuyet, Riel1g v e diagi&i Van-Lang, B~i. Vi~t str-ky t~an-thU' chep ten I5 b c6 ho-ikhac so ver i Linh ..nam chich-quai va Vi~t-Slr .hro-c :

Bang so.sanh trln cho ta thay trong ~ten cua 15 bQ, c6 9 be)~,hrvc c a ba sach chip gi6ng nhau, I bQ dtrgc Linh-Nam chich-quaiva Vi~t-str-ltrc;;YC chip giong nhau, 2 bg dtrvc Linh-Nam chich quai;va fl;#..Vi~t str-ky toan-thtr chep giong nhau, va 3 bQ dU'Q'c Vi~t-sU-..hrgc v a B;fi...Vi~t s t r - k Y toan ..thU". chep giong nhau. SI1 trung-hop d6chac-chan khong phai lao ng~u-nhienJ' cling kh8ng phii Iiket-qua .cia51 1 11,3 ch on th eo y rieng eua mdi tac-gia nht. r Henri Maspero da : d e -quytt .trong bai khao ctru ve Nam-sir cHing tren t ~ p k Y ~ y e u etta trtro-ngVitn ..E)ong bac-co so XVIII nam 1918

Ve sau sach Kham-dinh Vi~t.sU- th6ug-giam circ-ng-muc chep l er ichua ciia Nguy~n-thien- Tung trong Dtr-dia-chi eua Nguytn~Tr~i, dlnh-'~i 15 by c~a >~i . .Vi~[ str-ky toan-thtr nhir sau:

!~~~~~~~~~~~~~==~~~-~-~~..~ ~ ~ * ~ - ~ - ~ ~ - ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ - - ~ -. .~ . - ~ , ~ - ~ = - ~LlNH-NAM cHicH-QUAI I_____________________ ~I --

Giao-chiVj~t-tbu:&ogVi i . . . .niuuNinh-haiVao-JsogLuc-hjiiHoai-hoanCfm-chanDuO ' n g - tuye nNhat-namChn-dtenPbucwlcChao-4johQu~limTuoug-qu ~n

------ .. . liliiii

(1) tu- c DU"O"og" tu)'en.(2) ble rln. httng.

ill,,

VreT. Su .Lorrc Giao-chi .. Ha-nqi , Nam ..dinh, Hu-ng-yen, Ninh . .bluh.Vi~t-thtr(yng Quang-tri .. mt phan Quang-nam.'" vaVu...ninh .. . Bac-ninh..I.

Ninh-hai * Quang-yen~~ Van-lang Vinh-yen~l Luc ..hai Lang-son

Hoai-hoall . Nzhe-an~ o CU-u . . .chan Thanh.hoa~DU '(Yng~tuyen r Hai-du lYng

, \'ii-dinh Thai-nguyen, Cao...bang.rII . . . .ij Chu- dien m9t phan S ( Y D 4 0 t a yjI Ph-uc-1Qc ~ r nQt p lU n Son-rayj Tan-hung . Hung-hoa, Tuyerr.quang~I -Binh-van ~ chwa biet a dau..

Ctfu~du-c


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108 - 1.09-

DAU VET eVA HUNG-VUONG~. ~TRONG CO-THU l~RUNG-QUOC

Trtro-c bet.t ,J e truy~n Hung-VU"O'og sai sUoc6ng rua than cho E > e -Ngh i e u , s i~ CU'crng-ff i\1C t ien-bien eua Kim... .l y - T U "o -og ch ep :

Niim mdu-tluin. thir tuim diri- f )zrirng-NghiiU r V i~ t -t h zr iY n g -t hi s an g 'chiiu, ddng co n rua th'dn . . . .

i,,,,I

,,,

Danh xtrng Hung-Vu-o'ng dU'Q'cchip trong Nam-Viet-ch] cua Thkrn-ho~d-Vi~n dcd Bac ..Nguy (thE ky thir V). Sach Thai- binh hoan.vu-kycua Nhac-Sir d&i Tong cling din lai nhir v~y.

Ve cac chir c L~c-hau, Lac-ttro-ng, sach Giao ..chau ngoai-vtrc ky(the ky thir IV ) chip: Xrra alit G ia o-C hl ch tra ch ia thimh q uljn h uy ?nthi l ii nh - zh 1 J g ~m nhifng cdnh d'ling gpi I a L ac . .dfen thea tunrc thuy-trteu linx udng rn a cay b ir a . K h a i- kh h n L ac ..a i e n la Lac-dan, Cai-tri cd c qu( in huyen .co Lqc-Vtrtmg, Lac-bd .. C r cd c huytn co LQc . .t lr & n g . . Sach Thuy ...kinh-chucling d~n' ~i nhir v~y. Sach Quang ..chau k Y o chep : {{fJ6t Giao-Chl coTu~ng L ( 1 . c . .di~n, t r t m g nho: n iE t rc !huy-tri'lu len x u t i n g rna cay cay. Ngiririd rr (r c h ll 't Yn g r u ~n g a y gp i lil Lac-hiiu, ca e h u y~ n thi t{r xir ng liz Lac- tt rong . .

Vi~c ho Hong -Bang truyen dlf~C 18 do-i, A n- N am-chi cu.aCao...hung-Tru ng, c6 Ie can-ce' tren Giao-chau ngoai-vu-c ky , chep :({Giao-Chl khi xira chua chia tha nh . q u(in hu y~n , co ru on g La c thea nzro'ctrieu le n xuo ng rn a t ro n g -t rp t. K h a i- kh li n rit9ng e ly i' a Lac-dan . Tr i dan c6La c- V L rl Yng , g i u . p L ~-V Ir(J ng la Lac-urtmg, Truyen . au'!'c I8 air i.

Ve quoc-hi~u Van~Lang va thu. .phu Phong . .chau, cac sach Th6ng-dien ella B6-H\1'u deri Blrang, Thai.blnh ngtr-Iam va Tnat-binh -hoan-v u ky deu chip: a . Ph on g.ch du xtra Iii nU '&c V i in - Lang~ , ~

Ben canh sUo sach Vi~t-Nam chung ta con tha:y dau vet Hung-Vtrcrng r3i rae trong mgt so co-thtr Trung ...quOc rna nhieu h9c-gi3 chorang c6 gia trj - chan-xac ho'n, ne u khong phai la nguon~goc eua sir sac4.Vi~t-Nam., Tuy nhien cac tai-li~u nay ra t ngheo-nan vi v e do-i Hong-.Bat;lg, Han-toe con quanh ...quan & ltru..v1!c sang Hoang-ha va songDuo -n g . .. .t u - , ,lam sao c6 the hi~u biet trtrc ..tiep v a s a u f 9 ng ve l jc h . .,stX-dan-tee ta,~

Sach Thong-chi cua Trinh-Tieu cling xac-nhsn : V~ dirt )ao-fhrerng, ph sro-ng N am c6 Vi?t-Thrremg.- thi qlla hai

Ia n s ir -d ic l: s a ng c hi tu , dang c on r ita th "tln . ;jI.1

Ve truy~n Hung ..VtrO"ng sai su- dang Chu Thanh-Vu-O'ug met conbach-trt ..Sir-ky chip :

. Ndm tan-mao thu: sau diri Chu Thanh-Ytro-ng, phfa nam b p Giao-Chtco Vi,t -,Thtrimg ~ thi qua hai liin srr-dtch sang dang chim tr i trang.Chu -csng noi :

- D il:c . .tr ac li ch u:a th iim khiip phtr trng xa , n g lt 'i Y i q u d n -t u . kh6ng nhdnd o I i ra Inat; chfnhwl~nh du ra b an ra uri, ngir ir ! qudr l - t t i : k h o ng ba t k e -khcu:. lha.n-phfJ.C

S& g id th ea lir i than g-dicti ddp ;

B61 CHl~U DA-SU,. CHINH-Slr VI~r,NAM V~~ C O - THU TRUNG-QUOC

-. T rong nu -o-c C h l 1 . n g ta i tit' ba n a m na y triri k h6 ng m ir a dam , gi6 1 6 ' n , .bi!n k he ng d {5 ng s on g, nghi rang Trung-quoc co thanh-rduin ch o nen . s an g c hd u.

Chu - ctmg aem l e -v( i t t ung d an g to n-m ieu . S& - gid khong thu 9 C .iflrirngl)e, Chu . cong b an ch o ni1m c o x e c h l- nam . S i r-g id d un g xe fiy thea uet i bi fn,_"Phi i . .Nam v a Ldm-_4p ili uira nl}1t ndm moi v e de n Vi?I-ThU'CrnglJ.

Sau kh i tbau-th~p nhfrng d a u v e t cu.a HUIlg- V t rO"ng trong cia-sir rchinh-sjr Vi~t-Nam va oo-th U ' T rung-qufic, b ay giCt chting ta c a n doi-chieu ba nguon sU-...lieu d6 d~ tim hi~u xem tI'ieu-d~i Hong-Bang cO thequa a a : thirc co trong Ijch-str Vi~t~Nam hay ch i Ia mQ t truy~n-thuyethoang-dirc'ng.

I

NhU' tren da; noi cac vua Hung trj-vi tL r the-ky thir XXIX denthe.kV t h < r III trlt&c Tay -lich. The ma mai t&i sau cUQc do-h9 cua nhaHan" "thtr ..tjch Trung ...quoc mo'i thay n6i den cac V ! vua dau tien eua

. . , . .~ " J f . " 'r..'it~ r ~,,


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- 110- ,.

dau ghi chip ve Hung- V Irang k e tit" th E k y thtr XIV. Sir '$. ;f-r"t J ' " " ~ hi 'l' Vl"C ~a qua~. .a~:, ta~ n ~~nS(,f-gia Trung-quoc cling nhu- s~-gia Viet-Nam chic?n btet :an-elf V30 nhfrng dieu dtr\yc dan-gian t ru yen-tung~ Vay th!'Ca 3 nguon .. I" - ~ H" . '" .", Stf .. l~U Vt; ung -VIrO'ng deu xu a t . . .phat tit mat a~ch~ng.: ~6 Iii nhirng truy~ .kh~u'-truy~n. NhtrDg den k&.i ghi chep "';:t~1 sal-~l~~ nhau, Ngtriri Trung-Hoa chep serosal , thii~u-s6t. f)i~u d6'cu~g de hl!U vi, doi v&i he, chang taoch i la mot dan~t6c m an ..di mol-Chlnh-stt VA -N ...... _." A ; ~1rr:;t..l~t am Vi th~n-ttQng nen da loai-bo n h U ' - ng chi t~ltItkh....h'" I' h - . 1...Ie ong~ a.n;.ac, .o~c. c6 ghi chep th l ciing giu- y ngh i -ngo - nhtr tl"U"Cmg-hcrph ~I- * ~tr-ky toan-thu-, Dil-su- tuy p hq ng -p hu n htrn g Iai c6 t inh d~h-o-oa=.-~trcr~g: n6 thea-man ttl ttrO-ng-tu.gng rei.rao c~a con ngtrGi

0'1 d~1 hoang-sc- nhtrng khong thoa-man 6c ph~ bi h t.. + P- 'I c;.. In cua con.ngU:O'l 0' t hCYl .di - i khoa-hQc.

. . !uy-nhien, x~t cho ky, ba ngun su..l i~u d6 th~t ra ti~u..di rna - - ~ i - ;Id~l..dong. Da-s& cling nhir chinh-slr v a co-thtr T~h3n bon d]'e~m rung-quoc deu xac.~ chinh- yeu :,Dan-tc ta c6 m.t giong vua da u tien, truyen dtrcYC 18 dO-itrn a ta g9i 13 Hung-Vtrcrng. ..Dtr&i d&i nhfrng vua d6, cac quan cai-tri L - gQl la Lac ..h a u,fc-ttr&ng.

}j- Hung-VU"O 'og thir 18 bj ho Thuc diet.. .

V~n-h?a Vie t- -- tQc .d trc Yi th o-i . Hung- V t tO 'ng khac han v an ..h6aHan re c . cb' t ' : " Jd.... - ~ ~.'. - un,.g a cat t6 c ngan trong kh i ngltCri Trung-qu6ce = da1,. chung ta c6 nhii-ng t\lc-l~ rn a ngU'Cri Trung-qu6ckhong co, nhu- xa m minh () 'OJ ..... ..c ' _ .N ;: , I1 an trau va nhum rang den;h~ng ta da b1e~ dan...thuy nh~p . ..dien nghia I. a lo-i d ntrO 'c son 1 ' " ~ ~ v-ng m trC. . . g en xuong de ; khoi nU'ac vao r U Q n g mot t ien-bo'" v e " ' "nong h + . . . . t" .

r -n ~ l~p _rn a. - the o, Henri-Maspero - ngU"ai Trung..quoct~~ ~h~J: .1 .~a h_:c l~i ~ua chU ng ta; d~ tron~-trQt chung taS~l dat VO"l nhtrng cuoc lam b ang a a mai ma cae nh a kh io codie oU'Q 'c nhi~u di - tich b ca e vilng H?i _ dong S~-+~Vinh'" Ba T , vu J.4Ytb~ -y~n, ~ c~gt.angl trong khi ng\t01 T.rung-hoa cay biraan g ca y va trau.

)J,I1IiIi11~

(1) T\I e IIlm mfnh miii d~ " a a i Tr;n A"Il. rO n II (1293-1314) i"'i ho i b o o

- III -

Ngay cac than ..thoai cling khong ne n nhat-thiet lo~ b6. Lich ..st rdan-tc nao cG.ng bat dau bang nhfrng truyen hoang ...dtrang khong itthi nhieu. C6 dieu dtl 12 than-tho~ cfing phai lay' can. .ba n ta cuQcsong hien-thvc1 roi chung quanh cai can-ban de trl ttr(mg-ttrgng c u . ang tfai ta m&i th!u ...d~t, v e -v e r i them. Cho nen neu ca t xen nhirng chitiet huyen-ho~c eli, ca c than-thoai v ~n phan ..an h d:trgc phan- : na o th1J: 'C-4-1.Truyen Lac...Long-Quar t hay di v e T~uy-phu th~t ra ~6 ngbia Ii t h e r id6 da n ta coo. & trong tr~ng thai sinh...hoat du-rnuc. Vi du-muc, nay daymai d6, l~i chua c6 k ien - t h&c chinh-xac v e do-hro-ng v a dia-ly nentU'ang rang la:nh-th~ cua minh rQng Ian den dQ Bac giap ho :E lQng-dinh .rNam giap Ho-Ton, Nhtrng khi Hang-Quoc-Ve'o-ng len ngoi, d6ng dO.(y Phong-chau thi chung ta ci a tieri de n trang-thai dinb-ce, canh nong.Vi v~y dia..g i& i Van -Lan g thu hep den dQ c6 th ~ c ha p nh~n dU'qc: 15 b gcua nU'ttc Van-Lang thea Linh-Nam chich-quai bao gom mien Bac-Vi~ttBa c Trung~Viet va Quang-dong, Quang-uy,. co n theo Vi e t . . .~U:-hrClc vaD~i...Vi~t Str~ky toan-thtr thi khong Vtrtlt qua mien Bac- Vi~t ~ J a B~cT rung- Vit ngay nay Den nhtr Phu..)~ng thien-vtro-ng; neu b o tinh ,e ach than-thanh di , chi co n 1 3 . mqt v i anh ...hung ce-u quae ma t hb" inao ciing co th~ C 69 Truy~n Chfr-dong- Tu- v a truy~n trau cau tU'9'tlg-


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T6-i day, c6 ngU"&i se hoi: nhtrng con van-de niln-kj? H9 Hong-B~ Mt dau tit na m nham-tu~t dCri ll-Nghi (2880 trlt'6-e Tay-Lieh)thea nhtr truy~n-thuyet hay chi bitdlu til' dOi Chu Trang-Vtr~g(6g2 682 triro-c Tily-Ijeh). theo nhir Vi~t-str-ltrQ"c? Trung binh maivua Hung tr] vi 145 nam hay chi c6 24 nam ? Pham-vi bM :.3y kh6ngnhlm truy-ceu nii!n-ky de ,.j H ong~Bang rna dt'1 co . muon truy-c~ue ung khong th~ nao Jam n~i. Co . di~u ch~ech1n 13 hi~n chira co. gichiing to rang Vi~t-Str-lU'gc chep dung Sf 1 tht) 'c ngoai trir tinh eachhop lY cua con s O 24 nam, trong khi con 86 145 narn cia truyl!n-thuyetl;ci kh ong phu-hQ"p v eri nMng djnh-lu3t ella 81}' s6ng. Vi v~y, theaCh.Patris trong Essai d'histOi:re d'Annam, nhieu ngtro-i muon bien-rninh cho truyen-thuyet a a : cho rang chfr. t h e trong th~p battM IIkhong phai 13 . the-kY gom 100 nam cia aM sau d,t ra r n a chico . 30 narn . Do dO . thoi - gian trj-vl eua he Hong.Bang rut l~io ~ b . h~ 2622 X 30c n co a mtro-i p an tram nghia la _ 766 nam, trung-binh

100

}!f;:0-.,,

,1I-. . .m OL v ua tri vi 43 nam,

Tom l~i, chi suy-lu~ tren esc dfr-ki?n cUa da-su., chinh-sir Vi~t-Ram = cO-thU'Trung-Quoe chung ta cung c6 th~ tin dU'qc tang quath:}t Vi~t-tQC 'v e doi thU'Q'ng-c ll co mQt. giong vua truyen dtro-c 18 dO;rna chung ta gQ i 13.Hung- V tro'ng, Huong chi ~~i con nhii'ng di-tichlich-su- c6 the lam tang chem njem ti l' d6In ..ttrO'ng ..

:iJI

DI- TICH LIN ..QUANBEN HUNG-VUaNG

Hi~n nay, chung ta con [hay C t mien Ba c Vj~t-Naln it nhit!U di-tfch lich.su. lien:quan den Hung-VtrO'ng nbir lang Kinh-Du-o 'ng-VU'O 'ng ,den Hung , den tho P h U .f) 5n g- th i~ n- vt rO 'n g, d ~n tho 'Chfr-dong- Ti r v aMy.-ntto-og Tim-Dung. .

Lang K.inh-Dtrang-Vtrang ~ lang A-Iii', phil Thu~n-thanh,. tinbRae-ninh, ben chan de me be , . sOng Thi~n-dLi'c. ,TnrlYe lang e6 tam biaIiiUrn d~ 4 chii' Kinh-DtrO'ng-VtrO'ng BlDg ii ~. e . ben

canh l~ c6 8 Gha- nh o han: 'Minh-Menh nh] th~p nhat nifn sa c Idena il iji- ~ + - - S f - $t ~ ~ (I>. Theo cac be-lao trong lang thilang c6 ttr daI tht1'~ng-c~, trai bao cu~c chien.-tranh thanh ra hoang-phe,den nam Minh-M~nh iliu 2I m&i trung-tu va d.,ng bia, Lang nay-dtr'lc gQi la ton-lang va ghi vic dien-tIch tho- t1I~ -,

Trong lang lai c6 den tho Klnh-Du ong-Veong lam thea 10i COt:gam c6 hai tea, tuang .gach boc quanh, dy o o i urn-tum, Trang den la..li~t h oanh ..phi c a u doi n6i v e s\f-nghi~p, ceng . .dU-c ro a Kinh.Dircrng.V tro'ng, c6 nhieu cau doi chfr viet :rat co. Lich-trleu hang rom phai-quan Kham .rnang v~ tam 1~ quC;c-te, l~i mi~n phu-dai, ~p-dich cho ~a nlang A ..lfr - d e quit don ton-lang va. ph\1ng-s\f d~n thO-.

Ben H~ng dirng tren nul Nghia-linh, thuoc then Co-tich, lang'Hi-c\.rcyng (2) huy~n San-vi, ph u Larn-thao, tinh Phu ..tho .. N~ Nghia ..linh, cfing goi la Hang-son, 13 ngon mii cao nhat mien Phu-tho, ttro'ng t ruyen p .gay xiraKtuh-Dtrcng-Vtrong xa y cung-dietl ? : t d6.

)~n chis lim ba phan .. DU'o-i chan nui 13 . den h~,. t h e r hai baMy-ntrong Tien-Dung va NgQC-Hoa t con g2 i Hung ..Vtrang tha 18. Truocden c6 mach ntr&c chay trong sufit, dong lai thanh gie .ng , nen cung gQi .l a

_ -den Gi-eng.T it " den G Hfng the a stro-n nui eli Ian den trung, tho- cac danh '

-nh an dcYi Hong-Bang nhir Phu..)ong thi!n-vtrang, Ch-fr-dong- Tti- , thanTan- Vient va cac vi Lac-hau, Lac-nro 'ng , Trt roc den ~b nhieu tam biadA ghi c&ng du e 18 .vua Hun g nhtrng vi qua lau dCri net chii' aa men:gan bet.

Qua den trung tCri .den thtro-ng 0 - tren dinh nui 13 no-i tho' cacvua Hung, Tit den Gieng t&i de n th1fQ"ng phai tree 296 b~c di..TheoNgoc.pha, "Thv.c...Pnan sau khi chiern nu-&c Van~Lang cho dung den.Dao-dai tren ntH Nghia-llnh t ho- cac vua Hung. L~i tim mqt ngU"o-itrong tong-phii Hung- V trong l~p lam h I lC r ng . .trtr?-ng lang Trung-nghia- d e trong nom ph1)ng-tl1 v a ban cho ~Q t khu rut}ng htro'ng-hca d!Hiy hca 19i dung v30 vi~c den htfang trong den.-( 1) N lm Minh~M&nh th~ 21 sat cho dvng bla.(2) Xlr8 goi 'i t lang T r u ng . .nghia.

114 -


44/62

Trong db thll'Q'ng c6 bu-c boanh-phi viet bon ch rr Nam-bangtbuy ...tO 1 n J~ ~~ .;~ () BJt b' '"... 'LU-. I.. II::D .P all' mot bee hoanh viet: ((. .Amha ttr nguyen it ~if UJ . . . ~~1ft () B A" . . : . . . # .T - 2. en tr~iiJ mQt birc khac viet:Nhan ban h o to - ; . . It . - i t . . .i(:! ().,..... -j '[A. 3 Giii'a ban thO- bay bat-vi 18,vua Hung de 15 chfr :9qt ng9t co 0 san, C o . ~ Vie t H u n g - t h i . th9P bat the tha nh -.~ , 1 1 li 7 J J -J ; ~. i~ K - t o . . . .,- 1 ! t ifrV L J o n g chi v j t ( 4 )1- z ./~. . . .Chung quanh treo

-Hung-" If.O"ng~ C a u doiThren-dio

nhieu. cau d6i k e sv-tich va cong-nghi~p cua,chfr nhtr :~ ~~

T in h - than;fk ~ ;f f

t r L J o n g ton, ( J o e von nien do truyen qu6c~tO* - . 1 } - t: t J b _ , . 1t ' * @ ;J i& .bat hu , thgp b~t the~ : J . , + ~ \. .ut gial hi~u Hung ...VtJong~l:. ~ if! 1: .

djch-nghta ;TT9'i dal con mdi, UC Van ndm CO n truyen fa quoc-taTinh-thiin khong mu-di~t, I8 11 M d~u Ui y hi?u la Himg-VIJ'O'ng

.cau d5i nom nhtr ;90 vLJong tranh bo, thoi k8 chi. vg t do; sao ro! .. b6n ngon nom

nvoc bj 'ec non xonh, be coi O t goy be cal do?Vein t o tbm tong, noy con nh6 king xuo mieu cO hoi 10 m

tr j~u con Hbng chou l cc , co j conn aau chOng c9i conh d a y ?Cau . (loi nom ella Tan-da Nguytn-khac-Hieu viet VaG tt ro ng v5i :

Co . t o co Hen, tien t a co -,C o n non co n n lJO .C, nuoc 0' ~n n con.(1)(2 )(3)(4)

(jog to . d a u t i@ n C~B m.rac N am . .Uon g RLrac son g ph i, nh& nguon .G oc c u s n'Q lTo-i J a ang ta ~Nu;~cao chat vot,. 'Ht.oe C O . V i A t Ln H u " n t ' r , bl.. 18 .1V"y .' a I - v i o o - - i th lin h .. v I . f '( f " n9 .

- It5 -

IJIlj~

Be n ngohl.; den la Bing, c6 bia di kh3c 5 chii. "Quae-to. Hung --VU 'O 'ng Bing ~ = i ii ~ j_ _ rl}) (1)~Gan d6 c6 nh ii"ng bia da khacvan th~ d~...v in h cU a cac tao-nhin m~c~khach.lu-ng trln den thU'c;rngnhln'sang phia Bong la da y nui Tam-dao (thuQc tInh 'Vinh ..yen), phia nam: 1 a rnii Tan . ..v l a n (thuQc tinh Son-tay) quanh n a m . bao phu may tangmay kh6L X a hon nita, ben ttai c6 d~y nui yen-tul ben phai c6 diynui Hoaah-scn deu chau ve. Hai dong sang La va song Bo nhir hai ~,.tam l-ga rnenh mong bat ngat, nU'ac cuon cugn cha y ve nga ba BIil~-hac rOl d o ra .song Nhi-ha, Cac nha phong-thiiy ban v! dia ..l Y mien'Nghia ..Iinh, cho r~ng nw Tam-dao 1ft tay long, nui Tan....vien 130tay he , sang Bach-hac Ii nQi-minh-d"1tCrng (2}7 bien Narn-ha] 1; \ ngcai ...'" ..minh-du-o'ng, nen con chau ke tiep huCtng .phuc muon dai. Lttcyng-HoNguy~o~truog-Khuyen c6 bai tho vinh den Hung;

NU(TC thorn song Thoo, nUl Ta n xc,IV on . .lang muOn thuCr nuoc non nho.Mieu tang n~n cD huang con ducrn.MLJa nang blo xua net chuc nhoo,Bat b6n ngan nom cong-q(rc to,Nguoi hoi rnvot tri~u gi6ng-no\ to .

-,Nay noi nguon g6c chung nheu do,Nh6 loy o i oj ke o nee m o . . .l'I

Lich-tribu deu mi~n SLiu- t hue , tap-dich cho dan lang. Hi-ciro ng


45/62

116 -v~ Bic ...vi~t bi ngtrai Phap db ..hQ, It quoc-te C r cac den deu m~c-.nbien dlnh-chi, Mai den nam 1928 l~ qu6c-te den Hung mai phuchoi uher cong vin.d:Qng eua mQt s o quan-Iai tinh Phu.tho rna tham- l.j 1 3 muon d3.nh thtrc tinh-thln dantQ~

flen thO- Phu-)~ng thien-virong, tuc g9i 1 a du-c Thanh Giong,. 0- lang Phu~dllng, huy~n Tien-du, tlnh B~c.ninh" nrong truyf!n .doHung-Vtro-ng thrr 6 l~p ngay tren nen nha eii ciia Phil-Dong thien ...v t rc rn g , n h ir ng trai qu a cac trieu-d~i da : dU 'Q ' c tu su.a nh je -u Ian. DU 'O- i .chan nui V~-1inh cfing c6 de n tho', cac trieu deu phong 13. Xung-thien than-vU"O"ng~ Hang nam den ngay mong 9 thang 4 -den mOo h9i , .xu-a co quaD: Khdrn.mang v~ lam 1 quoc ...te t Iai c6 nhieu tro vui, dan,cac noi no mrc keo ve xem gQi la hQi Gi6ng. Trang den c6 cau doicua Tien-si Trinh ..hoa-Dtrcng :

Th ie t rn a kh6a v an cunq, -ruQ n nboc chung on n thien c6 nglfongi l X , ~ J~ ~ 1: Jt_ l ! k . . ~ ~ J A - + ~ ~fThoch tong trieu thuy eric, sung hi vy vonq (fc nien kh6mlh a ~ ~ M ~-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Djch nghia :Ngl/-'a sa t lin cung Inay, nzii ca o chung du e btrc anh-himg ngan diY i

ngao-ng-v9ng,Rang da chltu thUy-cac, den thir uy-linli muon niim con ta n kink ..

Lai co clu doi cu.a Hoang-giap Pham-quy- Thich :Thuqng ky he nh3n p hi thl~ , t me,

~ ~ - { i f ~ - 4 1 t M t J r . ]T liang truy~n th lr dlo g io i nhung y

1 m f~ J ! G ~ ~ jf ~ i-Dlch nghia :

C on n hcr n iim n ao n giIi ctr ir i ngl!a sa t b ay len tr ir i,Ttrtrng tr uy en ch on n a y ng ii i. _c&i do gidp d e lai,

f)&i vua Le Thuan- Tong (1732-1735) quan Ngt;-slr Ngo-chi . .Lan yet

~II Ve-linh .. . th v bcchr v a n nh o n ,xuon~i~ f ~ ~ fa ~of- f r 1 '-.t:tVo n tlr thisn hbng diem th e gian;. . . J . . ~ 1 - # -, ~ - l ! t I t t ]"t~ toi thien, danh tQ 1 "9Thiet rna SUIjft ,~ A l .~ _g ~ .UV-nn h ~ a m la m man -giong san ..~ r;t J~ ~ ~ ~ Jt. . . . . , _

Djch nghia :Nui V~-linh cay coi tiuri t6t ma y t r6ng lo: lim g lMuan t ia n gim h t J n g c a T i h d~ p the-gian;Ng1 !Q s a t le n tr oi, danh co n lim s z r s t ich,Uy-iinh lam-liet khap giang" san.

Ben thO- Chfr-dong- T u - va My-nU'O'ng Tien"Dung & lang fla ..hoa,.tong Mi-sCr, phd Khoai."chau, tlnh Htrng-yen- Ben tr~ng ra song~ngoai nha d~i-b;ii c6 tea gac hai tang. Tren g a c treo blZc hoa~h-p~l.~ h"'" Thi ....e n .:f-13 chinh kbi _; z 1~ jf_ a } ) (I) va dOl cauViet 4 C 1 1 " ( { 1 U1 .d5i cua Tham-hoa Vii-ph\im-Ham:

Coc t.rung de ~ tL r ki m he rei~l ~ rt 1- 4- W J i-Giang thvQng. Hen - 6ng kh c bat hoi. (2 )~ J: 1~ ii J ;- : : r : : \Z]

IIIIDich nghia :Con vua trong g a c nay 0 - ddu?

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