Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    1/74

    I HC QUC GIA H NITRNG I HC CNG NGH

    Phm Hng Khi

    NGHIN CU TRIN KHAI H THNG GIM

    ST QUN TR MNG (TRN NN TNG HTHNG M NGUN M NAGIOS)

    KHO LUN TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUY

    Ngnh:Cng ngh thng tin

    H NI - 2009

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    2/74

    2

    I HC QUC GIA H NITRNG I HC CNG NGH

    Phm Hng Khi

    NGHIN CU TRIN KHAI H THNG GIMST QUN TR MNG (TRN NN TNG H

    THNG M NGUN M NAGIOS)

    KHO LUN TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUY

    Ngnh:Cng ngh thng tin

    Cn b hng dn:ThS. Nguyn Nam HiCn b ng hng dn: Th.S Phng Ch Dng

    H NI - 2009

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    3/74

    LI CM N

    Sau 3 thng lm kho lun tt nghip, c s hng dn, ch bo tn tnh ca

    thy gio Nguyn Nam Hi v s c gng n lc ca bn thn, em hon thnh kho

    lun tt nghip vi ti NGHIN CU TRIN KHAI H THNG GIM ST

    QUN TR MNG (TRN NN TNG H THNG M NGUN M NAGIOS);

    Em xin chn thnh cm n Thy v cc thy c gio khoa Cng ngh thng tin

    trng i Hc Cng Ngh - i Hc Quc Gia H Ni o to, truyn t cho em

    nhng kin thc v kinh nghim trong lnh vc Cng ngh thng tin ni ring v nhng

    kin thc khc ni chung em c c nhng kin thc tng hp trc khi ra trng;

    Xin cm n bn b gip ti liu v trao i kinh nghim hon thnh kho

    lun tt nghip.

    Xin cm n!

    H Ni, Thng 5-2009

    Ngi thc hin

    Phm Hng Khi

    3

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    4/74

    TM TT

    Hin nay khi nim qun tr mng khng cn xa l g trong ngnh cng ngh

    thng tin. N tr thnh mt trong nhng lnh vc nghin cu chnh v mng my tnh

    v l mt cng vic quan trng khng th thiu trong cc h thng my tnh ca cc t

    chc, doanh nghip, trng hc Theo hng nghin cu lnh vc trn, kha lun nytp trung vo vic tm hiu v trin khai mt h thng gim st qun tr mng da trn

    nn tng h thng m ngun m. l Nagios. Nagios l h thng gim st mng c chi

    ph u t thp. Tuy nhin n c kh nng rt mnh m trong vic gim st hot ng

    ca cc thit b trn mng. Bi vy Nagios rt c tin tng v s dng rng ri trn

    ton cu.

    4

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    5/74

    MC LC

    DANH MC CC T, THUT NG VIT TT

    Vit tt/thutng

    Tn y ngha

    Host Dng ch cc thit b mng, cc myu cui c gim st(tt c cc thit btham gia vo mng u c gi chung lhost)

    Flap Tnh trng thay i trng thi lin tc

    plugin L cc ng dng h tr cho hot ngca mt phn mm.

    5

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    6/74

    CHNG 1. GII THIU CHUNG1.1. Gii thiu

    Network mornitoring hay ting vit hiu l gim st, theo di mng l mt trong

    nhng vn hin nay tr ln rt quan trng trong vic qun tr cc h thng mng. Nhn ch ti a vic mng b gin on trong qu trnh hot ng. N m bo vic khai

    thc ti nguyn c hiu qu, m bo an ton, tin cy cho nhng dch v cung cp

    Hin nay c rt nhiu cng c gim st mng h tr cho cng vic ca ngi qun tr.

    Chc nng ca chng l gim st thng thi hot ng ca cc thit b mng, cc dch

    v mng, v cc my u cui tham gia vo mng v thng bo cho ngi qun tr khi

    c s c hoc kh nng s sy ra s c. C c nhng h thng thng mi nh HPopen

    View Hay ngun m nh openNMS, Cacti, Nagios Mi h thng li c nhng u

    nhc im ring. Tuy nhin kh nng ca chng li khng hn nhau nhiu lm. Bi

    kha lun ny tp trung vo vic nghin cu mt h thng gim st da trn Nagios,

    mt sn phm ngun m c s dng rng ri. T khi ra i 2002 n nay Nagios

    lin tc pht trin v rt c quan tm. Cng ng quan tm v s dng Nagios cho

    n nay theo thng k ca http://nagios.org l vo khong 250.000 ngi. T phin bn

    1.0 u tin, n nay Nagios pht trin nn phin bn 3.x v vn lin tc cho ra

    nhng phin bn mi vi tnh nng mnh m hn. c bit Nagios c kh nng phn

    tn. V vy n c th gim st cc mng khng l, t c 100.000 node.

    1.2. Mc ch ca kha lunKha lun s tp trung vo tm hiu kh nng ca h thng Nagios. N p ng

    c nhng g cho cng vic qun tr mng. Cch thc n hot ng nh th no v

    trin khai th nghim h thng trn mng ca trng i hc cng ngh.

    1.3. Kt qu t cSau mt thi gian nghin cu, tm hiu, ti nm bt c cc chc nng v c

    im ca Nagios, tm hiu c cch thc t chc v hot ng ca h thng. Ti

    trin khai th nghim h thng trn mng ca trng i hc Cng Ngh v bc

    u c nhng nhn xt v nh gi v hot ng ca h thng.

    1.4. B cc kha lunChng 1: Gii thiu chung v kha lun, ti, mc ch thc hin v kt qu

    t c.

    1

    http://nagios.org/http://nagios.org/
  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    7/74

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    8/74

    Gim st cc ti nguyn cc my phc v v cc thit b u cui (chy h iu

    hnh Unix/Linux, Windows, Novell netware): tnh trng s dng CPU, ngi dng ang

    log on, tnh trng s dng a cng, tnh trng s dng b nh trong v swap, s tin

    trnh ang chy, cc tp log h thng.

    Gim st cc thng s an ton thit b phn cng trn host nh: nhit CPU,

    tc qut, pin, gi h thng

    Gim st cc thit b mng c IP nh router, switch v my in. Vi Router,

    Switch, Nagios c th theo di c tnh trng hot ng, trng thi bt tt ca tng

    cng, lu lng bng thng qua mi cng, thi gian hot ng lin tc (Uptime) ca

    thit b. Vi my in, Nagios c th nhn bit c nhiu trng thi, tnh hung sy ra

    nh kt giy, ht mc

    Cnh bo cho ngi qun tr bng nhiu hnh thc nh email, tin nhn tc thi

    (IM), m thanh nu nh c thit b, dch v gp trc trc

    Tng hp, lu gi v bo co nh k v tnh trng hot ng ca mng.

    2.2 c im ca Nagios Cc hot ng kim tra c thc hin bi cc plugin cho my phc v Nagios

    v cc m un client trn cc thit b ca ngi dng cui, Nagios ch nh k nhn cc

    thng tin t cc plugin v x l nhng thng tin (thng bo cho ngi qun l, ghivo tp log, hin thi ln giao din web).

    Thit k plugin n gin cho php ngi dng c th t nh ngha v pht trin

    cc plugin kim tra cc dch v theo nhu cu ring bng cc cng c lp trnh nh shell

    scripts, C/C++, Perl, Ruby, Python, PHP, C#.

    C kh nng kim tra song song trng thi hot ng ca cc dch v( ng thi

    kim tra nhiu dch v).

    H tr khai bo kin trc mng. Nagios khng c kh nng nht dng c topoca mng. ton b cc thit b, dch v mun c gim st u phi khai bo v nh

    ngha trong cu hnh.

    Gi thng bo n ngi/nhm ngi c ch nh sn khi dch v/host c

    gim st gp vn v khi chng khi phc hot ng bnh thng.(qua e-mail, pager,

    SMS, IM)

    Kh nng nh ngha b x l s kin thc thi ngay khi c s kin sy ra vi

    host/ dch v.

    3

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    9/74

    Giao din web cho php xem trng thi ca mng, thng bo, history, tp log.

    2.3. Kin trc v t chc hot ng

    2.3.1 Kin trc ca Nagios

    H thng Nagios gm hai phn chnh:1. Li Nagios

    2. Plugin

    Phn li nagios c chc nng qun l cc host/dch v c gim st, thu thp cckt qu kim tra (check) host/dch v t cc plugin gi v, biu din trn giao dinchng trnh, lu tr v thng bo cho ngi qun tr. Ngoi ra n cn tng hp v ara cc bo co v tnh hnh hot ng chung hoc ca tng host/dch v trong mtkhong thi gian no .

    Plugin l b phn trc tip thc hin kim tra host/dch v. Mi mt loi dch vu c mt plugin ring bit c vit phc v ring cho cng vic kim tra dch v. Plugin l cc script (Perl, C ) hay cc tp c bin dch (executable). Khi cnthc hin kim tra mt host/dch v no Nagios ch vic gi plugin tng ng vnht kt qu kim tra t chng. Vi thit k nh th ny, h thng Nagios rt d dngc m rng v pht trin. Bt k mt thit b hay dch v no cng c th c gimst nu nh vit c plugin cho n. Hnh bn di cho ta thy s tng quan gia ccthnh phn trong Nagios.

    Hnh 2.1 S t chc ca Nagios

    2.3.2. Cch thc t chc hot ng

    Nagios c 5 cch thc thi cc hnh ng kim tra:

    2.3.2.1. Kim tra dch v trc tip.

    i vi cc dch v mng c giao thc giao tip qua mng nh smtp, http, ftp

    Nagios c th tin hnh kim tra trc tip mt dch v xem n ang hot ng hay

    4

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    10/74

    khng bng cch gi truy vn kt ni dch v n server dch v v i kt qu tr v.

    Cc plugin phc v kim tra ny c t ngay trn server Nagios.

    2.3.2.2. Chy cc plugin trn my xa bng secure shell

    Nagios server khng c cch no c th truy cp trc tip client theo di nhng

    thng tin nh tnh trng s dng a, swap, tin trnh lm c vic ny th

    trn my c gim st phi ci plugin cc b. Nagios s iu khin cc plugin cc b

    trn client qua secure shell ssh bng plugin check_by_ssh. Phng php ny yu cu

    mt ti khon truy cp host c gim st nhng n c th thc thi c tt c cc plug-

    in c ci trn host .

    2.3.2.3. B thc thi plugin t xa (NRPE - Nagios Remote Plugin Executor)

    NRPE l mt addon i km vi Nagios. N tr gip vic thc thi cc plugin c

    ci t trn my/thit b c gim st. NRPE c ci trn cc host c gim st. Khi

    nhn c truy vn t Nagios server th n gi cc plugin cc b ph hp trn host ny,

    thc hin kim tra v tr v kt qu cho Nagios server. Phng php ny khng i hi

    ti khon truy cp host c gim st nh s dng ssh. Tuy nhin cng nh ssh cc

    plugin phc v gim st phi c ci t trn host c gim st. NRPE c th thc thi

    c tt c cc loi plugin gim st. Nagios c th iu khin my ci NRPE kim tra

    cc thng s phn cng, cc ti nguyn, tnh trng hot ng ca my hoc s dngNRPE thc thi cc plugin yu cu truy vn dch v mng n mt my th 3 kim

    tra hot ng ca cc dch v mng nh http, ftp, mail

    2.3.2.4 Gim st qua SNMP

    Ct li ca giao thc SNMP (SimpleNetwork Management Protocol )l tp hp

    n gin cc hot ng gip nh qun tr mng c th qun l, thay i trng thi thit

    b. Hin nay rt nhiu thit b mng h tr giao thc SNMP nh Switch, router, my in,

    firewall ... Nagios cng c kh nng s dng giao thc SNMP theo di trng thi cacc client, cc thit b mng c h tr SNMP. Qua SNMP, Nagios c c thng tin v

    tnh trng hin thi ca thit b. V d nh vi SNMP, Nagios c th bit c cc cng

    ca Switch, router c m hay khng, thi gian Uptime (chy lin tc) l bao nhiu

    2.3.2.5. NSCA (Nagios Service Check Acceptor)

    Nagios c coi l mt phn mm rt mnh v n d dng c m rng v kt

    hp vi cc phn mm khc. N c th tng hp thng tin t cc phn mm kim tra

    5

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    11/74

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    12/74

    Client 5: y l phng php kim tra b ng. Nagios khng ch ng

    kim tra dch v m l client ch ng gi kt qu kim tra dch v v cho Nagios thng

    qua plugin NSCA. Phng php ny c p dng nhiu trong gim st phn tn. Vi

    cc mng c quy m ln, ngi ta c th dng nhiu server Nagios gim st tng

    phn ca mng. Trong c mt server Nagios trung tm thc hin tng hp kt qu t

    cc server Nagios con thng qua plugin NSCA.

    CHNG 3. TNG QUAN CU HNH3.1. Tng quan cu hnh

    3.1.1. Cc tp cu hnh chng trnh

    Th mc/usr/local/nagios/etc/

    - Tp cu hnh chnh nagios.cfg. Thit t nhng ty chn chung nht ca Na-gios, tc ng n cch thc hot ng ca Nagios. Trong nagios.cfg bn c th khai

    bo ng dn cc tp cu hnh cn li, tp log, tp m . hoc bt tt cc ty chn

    cu hnh nh cho php thng bo, s dng lnh ngoi tr, kim tra b ng, cch thc

    log, cp nht

    - Tp cu hnh ti nguyn resource.cfg. Cc tp ti nguyn dng lu tr cc

    nhn(macro) c nh ngha bi ngi dng, v lu tr nhng thng tin nhy

    cm( nh mt khu), n vi CGIs. Bn c th ch nh mt hay nhiu ty chn tp tinguyn bng cch s dng ch th resource_file trong tp cu hnh chnh.

    - Tp cu hnh CGI cgi.cfg. Tp cu hnh CGI cha tp cc ch th nh hng n

    hot ng ca CGIs v cch thc hin th thng tin trn giao din web.

    3.1.2. Cc tp cu hnh i tng

    Th mc/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects

    - Ni lu tr cc tp cu hnh i tng c gim st v qun l trong nagios.

    Cc tp nh ngha i tng c s dng nh ngha host, dch v, lin h(con-tacts), nhm lin h(contactgroups), lnh y l ni nh ngha tt c mi th m bn

    mun gim st v cch m bn gim st chng. Bn c th ch nh mt hay nhiu tp

    nh ngha i tng bng s dng cc ch th cfg_file v cfg_dir trong tp cu hnh

    chnh. Cc tp cu hnh sn c l:

    Localhost.cfg //nh ngha cc my linux

    Contact.cfg //n ngi dng

    7

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    13/74

    Printer.cfg //n cc my in

    Switch.cfg //n switch

    Window.cfg //n my window

    Command.cfg //n cc lnh

    Template.cfg //mu n c sn

    Timeperiods.cfg //n cc chu ki thi gian

    Chi tit cc ty chn cu hnh tham kho phn ph lc.

    3.2. Cch thc nh ngha i tng trong cc tp cu hnhi tng

    Cc i tng (bao gm host, dch v, ngi lin h, lnh, nhm, chu k thi gian)

    c th c nh ngha trong bt k tp no c ui .cfg v khai bo ng dn trong tp

    cu hnh chnh qua ty chn cfg_file. Tp template.cfg c sn nhng nh ngha i

    tng chun, cc nh ngha i tng mi c th k tha khun mu ca nh ngha

    chun v c th thay i i mi s ty chn cho ph hp vi tng yu cu s dng.

    3.2.1. nh ngha host

    Host l mt trong nhng i tng c bn nht c gim st. c im ca host

    l:

    - Host thng l cc thit b vt l trn mng nh server, workstation,

    router,switch, printer

    - Host c a ch xc nh(IP hoc MAC).

    - Host thng c t nht mt dch v lin quan n n.

    - Mt host c th c mi quan h cha/con, ph thuc vi host khc.

    Khi nh ngha i tng host bn c th k tha mu nh ngha host c trong tptemplate.cfg. Mu nh ngha ny c trong phn ph lc cui ti liu. Tuy nhin vi mi

    host c nh ngha mi th c 3 ty chn bt buc phi khai bo cho ph hp. l

    tn host, b danh v a ch IP ca host.

    define host{

    use linux-server //k th a nh ngh a m u c s n

    host_name fedora10

    8

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    14/74

    alias f10

    address 192.168.1.254

    }3.2.2. nh ngha dch v

    nh ngha dch v dng khai bo dch v c gim st chy trn host. Dch

    v y c th hiu l cc dch v mng thc s nh l POP, SMTP, HTTP hay l

    ch l mt s s liu ca host nh s lng ngi dng, a cn trng Cc ty chn

    di y l bt buc khi nh ngha mt dch v mi. Cc ty chn cn li c th tham

    kho phn ph lc.

    define service{

    host_name linux-server

    service_description check-disk-sda1

    check_command check-disk!/dev/sda1

    max_check_attempts 5

    check_interval 5

    retry_interval 3

    check_period 24x7

    notification_interval 30

    notification_period 24x7

    notification_options w,c,r

    contact_groups linux-admins

    }

    Tuy nhin cng ging nh nh ngha host, nu s dng k tha t nh ngha mu

    th khi nh ngha mt host mi ch cn khai bo 4 ty chn:

    define service{

    use generic-service

    host_name linux-server

    service_description check-disk-sda1

    check_command check-disk!/dev/sda1

    }

    9

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    15/74

    3.2.3. nh ngha Lnh

    Tt c cc hnh ng ca Nagios nh kim tra host/dch v, thng bo, x l s

    kin u c thc hin bng cch gi lnh. Tt c cc lnh trong Nagios u c nh

    ngha trong tp cu hnh commands.cfg.

    Khun dng ca mt lnh c nh ngha:

    define command{

    command_name Tn l nh

    command_line Ng i dng/script! Danh sch tham s

    }

    V d:define command{

    command_name check_local_disk

    command_line $USER1$/check_disk! w $ARG1$ -c

    $ARG2$ -p $ARG3$

    }

    Mt lnh c nh ngha gm hai thnh phn tn lnh v ni dung lnh. Trong $USER1$ l nhn ngi dng c nh ngha trong tp ti nguyn resource.cfg.

    $ARG1$, $ARG2$, $ARG3$ l cc nhn tham s vo ca lnh. V check_disk trong v

    d trn c th thay bng mt script, file t chy bt k Nh v d trn, khi cn kim

    tra a cng ca mt host A, Nagiso s gi lnh check_local_disk vi cc tham s vo

    ca host A. Lnh ny s thc thi script check_disk vi cc tham s .

    3.2.4. Cc nh ngha khc

    Ngoi ra cn cc nh ngha khc nh nhm host, nhm dch v, nhm lin lc,

    chu k thi gian c gii thiu trong phn ph lc ca ti liu

    10

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    16/74

    CHNG 4. CC DCH V GIM ST4.1. Gim st cc thit b mng

    Nagios gim st cc thit b qua giao thc SNMP. V vy my gim st(Nagios)

    phi ci t net-snmp v net-snmp-utils vi redhat/fedora hoc libsnmp-base, snmp, sn-

    mpd,libsnmp15 vi debian/ubuntu trc khi bin dch v ci t nagios plugin. Cc thitb c gim st phi c IP, h tr snmp, v snmp trng thi bt.

    4.1.1. My in

    4.1.1.1. Tng quan

    Nagios s dng plugin check_hpjdcho vic gim st trng thi ca my in. Plugin

    check_hpjds dng giao thc SNMP xc nh trng thi ca my in.

    Hnh 4.1 Gim st my in

    Check_hpjdc kh nng pht hin, cnh bo, ghi li cc s c ca my in nh:

    - kt ni n my in(ping n my in)

    - Kt giy

    - Ht giy

    - My in tt

    - Yu cu xen vo

    - Mc t

    11

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    17/74

    - Thiu b nh

    - Khay ra giy b y

    4.1.1.2. Cu hnh gim st my in

    Mc nh lnh check_hpjd c nh ngha trong tp commands.cfg. N chophp bn gi plugin check_hpjdplugin gim st my in trong mng. th na l cmt mu nh ngha my in(c gi l generic-printer) c to trong tptemplates.cfg. N cho php bn thm mt nh ngha my in mi kh n gin. Khinh ngha my in c gim st mi bn ch cn khai bo s dng mu ny v tychnh mt s ty chn cho ph hp.

    Trong ln u tin cu hnh Nagios gim st my in bn cn phi sa tp cu hnhNagios. V sau khng phi lm li vic ny na.

    vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfgSa du (#) u dng nh bn di trong tp cu hnh:

    #cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/printer.cfg

    Lu tp cu hnh v thot. y l khai bo s dng tp cu hnh cho my in.

    Tp cu hnh /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/printer.cfg s l ni bn thm nhngnh ngha host v dch v mi cho my in. Tp cu hnh ny cha mt vi v d vnh ngha host, hostgroup, v dch v. Bn c th sa nhng mu ny gim st mtmy in trong ln u tin cu hnh. Bn cn phi nh ngha mi i tng my in khigim st mt my in mi. M tp printer.cfg.

    vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/printer.cfg

    Thm mt nh ngha host mi cho my in trong mng m bn s gim st. Thayi trng host_name, alias, v address theo cc gi tr ca my in.

    define host{

    use generic-printer ; Tha k gi trmc nh ca mu

    host_name hplj2605dn ; Tn ca my in

    alias HP LaserJet 2605dn ; Tn khc ca myin

    address 192.168.1.30 ; a ch IP camy in

    hostgroups allhosts ; Host groups ca myin

    }

    By gi bn c th b xung nh ngha cc dch v c gim st. Nu l ln u

    tin nh ngha th bn c th sa lun nh ngha dch v mu trong tp printer.cfg.

    12

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    18/74

    Thm nh ngha dch v bn di kim tra trng thi ca my in. 10 pht mtln check_hpjd plugin s kim tra trng thi ca my in.

    define service{

    use generic-service ; K tha t mu

    host_name hplj2605dn ; Tn ca my inc gim st

    service_description Printer Status ; M t dchv

    check_command check_hpjd!-C public ; Lnh s dng gim st dch v

    normal_check_interval 10 ; kim tra li dch v sau10 pht

    }

    Thm nh ngha dch v bn di ping n my in 10 pht mt ln. N phcv cho vic gim st RTA, s mt gi tin, v kt ni ca mng.

    define service{

    use generic-service

    host_name hplj2605dn

    service_description PING

    check_command check_ping!3000.0,80%!5000.0,100%

    normal_check_interval 10

    retry_check_interval 1

    }

    Lu tp li v kim chng li cu hnh v khi ng li Nagios.

    4.1.2. Switch, router

    4.1.2.1. Tng quanNagios s dng 2 plugin gim st cc thit b ny l check_snmp, check_mrtg-

    traf. Nu mun s dng check_mrtgtraf gim st bng thng th my Nagios phi ci

    MRTG(chng trnh gim st lu lng mng). Hnh bn di m t cch thc thc

    hin vic gim st Router/switch.

    13

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    19/74

    Hnh 4.2: Gim st Router/Switch

    Kh nng gim st ca Nagios:

    Kt ni n thit b(ping thit b).

    Trng thi up/down ca cc cng.

    S dng bng thng,lu lng trn cc cng.

    T l mt gi tin, trung bnh tr trn vng(RTA)

    4.1.2.2. Cu hnh gim st router/switch

    Hai lnh check_snmp v check_local_mrtgtraf c nh ngha trong tpcommands.cfg. Chng cho php bn gi plugin check_snmp v check_mrtgtrafplugin

    gim st router/switch.Mu nh ngha Router/switch (c gi l generic-switch) c to trong tp

    templates.cfg. N cho php bn thm cc nh ngha router/switch host rt nhanh chng.Cc tp cu hnh trn c t trong th mc/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/ . Bn c ths dng cc nh ngha sn c ny hoc thm cc inh ngha cho ph hp vi nhu cuca mnh.

    Trong ln u tin cu hnh Nagios gim st switch bn cn phi sa tp cu hnhNagios. V sau khng phi lm li vic ny na

    vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

    Sa du (#) u dng nh bn di trong tp cu hnh:

    #cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/switch.cfg

    Lu li v thot.

    Tp tin /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/switch.cfg l ni nh ngha cho host vdch v router and switch. Trong ny c sn mt s nh ngha v host, hostgroup, vdch v mu. Trong ln u tin nh ngha router/switch bn c th sa lun cc nhngha mu ny tt hn l to mt nh ngha mi.

    vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/switch.cfg

    14

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    20/74

    To mt nh ngha host n gin nh bn di.

    define host{

    use generic-switch ; k th a gi tr m c nh t m u

    host_name linksys-srw224p ; tn c a switch

    alias Linksys SRW224P Switch ; b danh c a switch

    address 192.168.1.253 ; a ch IP c a switch

    hostgroups allhosts,switches ; Hostgroup c a switch

    4.1.2.3. Gim st T l mt gi tin, trung bnh tr trn vng

    V d thm nh ngha dch v di y gim st vic mt gi tin vRTA(round trip average) gia Nagios host v switch 5 pht mt ln trong iu kin bnhthng.

    define service{

    use generic-service ; Inherit values from atemplate

    host_name linksys-srw224pcheck_command check_ping!200.0,20%!

    600.0,60% ;

    }

    Dch v ny tr v:

    - CRITICAL, nu round trip average (RTA) ln hn 600 milliseconds hoc s gib mt trn 60%,

    - WARNING, cnh bo nu RTA ln hn 200ms hoc gi tin b mt ln hn 20%.

    - OK, Ngc li chy bnh thng nu RTA nh hn 200ms v s gi b mt nhhn 20%.

    4.1.2.4. Gim st thng tin trng thi qua SNMP

    Nu switch hay router ca bn h tr SNMP, bn c th gim st rt nhiu thngtin bng check_snmp plugin. B xung nh ngha dch v bn di nh ngha up-time(thi gian chy lin tc) ca switch.

    define service{

    15

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    21/74

    use generic-service ; k th a gi tr t m u

    host_name linksys-srw224p

    service_description Uptime

    check_command check_snmp!-C public -o sysUp-Time.0

    }

    Trong mc check_command trn, tham s "-C public" ch ra rng tn SNMP l"public" v "-o sysUpTime.0" ch ra OID c kim tra.

    Nu bn mun gim st mt giao din/cng(port/interface) no trn switch trng thi up hay down, bn thm mt nh ngha dch v nh sau:

    define service{

    use generic-service Th a k gi tr t m u

    host_name linksys-srw224p

    service_description Port 1 Link Status

    check_command check_snmp!-C public -o ifOper-Status.1 -r 1 -m RFC1213-MIB

    }

    Trong v d trn, tham s "-o ifOperStatus.1" ch v tr cng y l 1. Tham s "-

    r 1" c ngha l check_snmp plugin tr v trng thi OK nu "1" c tm thy trongkt qu SNMP (1 ch trng thi "up"ca cng) v CRITICAL nu n khng tm thy.Tham s "-m RFC1213-MIB" ch ra rng check_snmp plugin ch ti "RFC1213-MIB"thay v ti cc MIB c ci trn h thng ca bn. iu ny gip lm tng tc mith ln.

    Lu :

    Bn c th tm ra cc OID c gim st trn switch bng cch s dng lnh( thay192.168.1.253 thnh a ch IP ca switch bn qun l):

    snmpwalk -v1 -c public 192.168.1.253 -m ALL .1

    4.1.2.5 Gim st bng thng v t l lu lngNu bn ang gim st bng thng s dng trn switch hay router s dng MRTG,

    bn c th nhn c cnh bo khi t l lu lng t ti ngng m bn nh trc.check_mrtgtraf plugin (sn c trong cc bn Nagios plugin c phn phi) cho php

    bn lm iu ny. Bn cng cn phi cho check_mrtgtraf plugin bit tp log no lu trnhng d liu MRTG , ngng gii hn, v.v... Trong v d ny, chng ta s gim stmt cng trn Linksys switch. Tp MRTG log c lu trong/var/lib/mrtg/192.168.1.253_1.log. y l nh ngha dch v m chng ta s dng gim st d liu bng thng c lu trong tp log.

    define service{

    16

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    22/74

    use generic-service ; Inherit values from atemplate

    host_name linksys-srw224p

    service_description Port 1 Bandwidth Usage

    check_commandcheck_local_mrtgtraf!/var/lib/mrtg/192.168.1.253_1.log!AVG!1000000,2000000!5000000,5000000!10

    }

    Trong v d trn, tp "/var/lib/mrtg/192.168.1.253_1.log" c khai bo trongphn check_local_mrtgtraf ch ra rng plugin s c tp MRTG log khi x l. Ty chn"AVG" c ngha l s dng s liu thng k bng thng trung bnh. Ty chn"1000000,2000000" l cnh bo khi ti ngng trong vic tng t l lu lng(bng

    byte). Ty chn "5000000,5000000" l ti hn lu lng gi i (bng byte). Ty chn"10" ch ra rng plugin tr v trng thi CRITICAL nu tp MRTG log khng c cpnht sau 10 minute (thng l c cp nht 5 pht mt ln).

    Lu li tp, khi ng li Nagios.

    4.2. Gim st my u cui

    4.2.1. Gim st cc ti nguyn trn my u cui

    Trn mi my tnh u cui c ci mt Agent. Agent ny s thc hin vic kim

    tra trng thi cc ti nguyn trn chnh my . Nagios giao tip vi Agent ny thu

    thp kt qu. NSClient++ l Agent c s dng trn my c gim st chy h iuhnh window v NRPE trn my c gim st chy h iu hnh linux. Nagios s

    dng 2 plugin giao tip vi cc Agent ny l check_nt cho window v check_nrpe

    cho linux. Kh nng gim st:

    Ti CPU.

    Tnh trng s dng a cng.

    Tnh trng s dng b nh trong, v swap.

    S ngi dng ang logon, s tin trnh ang chy v tp log h thng trn linux

    Gim st tng dch v, tin trnh trn window.

    Chi tit cch thc ci t, cu hnh tham kho phn ph lc.

    4.2.2. Gim st cc thng s an ton phn cng trn my u cui

    Plugin gim st cc thng s an ton phn cng l check_sensors.My c gim

    st phi ci t LM sensors v nhn phi c cp nht module driver ph hp. Cc

    thng s c gim st l:

    17

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    23/74

    Nhit CPU.

    Tc qut.

    Pin.

    Gi h thng.

    Chi tit cch thc ci t, cu hnh tham kho phn ph lc.

    4.3. Gim st cc dch v mngi vi cc dch v mng nh HTTP, POP3, IMAP, FTP, SSH l cc dch v

    dng chung, cng khai. Nagiso thng gim st c trng thi ca cc dch v ny m

    khng cn bt c yu cu truy cp c bit no. Khng nh cc dch v ring, Nagios

    khng th gim st c nu nh khng c cc agent trung gian. V d cc dch v clin quan n host nh l ti CPU, tnh trng s dng b nh trong, a, V nhng

    thng tin ny thng khng c cng khai vi bn ngoi v yu cu quyn truy cp.

    Khi gim st cc dch v mng, Nagios s gi cc plugin c t ngay trn server Na-

    gios gi mt yu cu dch v n host cung cp dch v, hoc gi mt plugin trn mt

    host v yu cu dch v trn host th 2 ri thu thp kt qu tr v.

    4.3.1. Gim st web server

    4.3.1.1. Tng quanNagios s dng plugin check_http trong vic gim st dch v HTTP trn web

    server. Check_http c th nhn bit c cc thng tin sau:

    Thi gian tr li ca web server.

    M li tr v ca dch v http (403 : khng tm thy tp, 404: li xc thc).

    Ni dung chui tr v ca http c cha chui s cho trc khng.

    Mt URL no c cn nm trn web server hay khng.

    4.3.2.2. Cu hnh gim st

    Tt c cc dch v u c cung cp bi mt host no . Mi nh ngha dch vgim st u phi khai bo host cung cp. nh ngha host cung cp nu n cha cnh ngha (nh ngha vo mt tp cu hnh bt k c khai bo trong tp cu hnhchnh nagios.cfg). V d nh ngha mt host cung cp:

    define host{

    18

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    24/74

    use generic-host ; k tha gi tr mcnh t mu

    host_name remotehost ; Tn ca host

    alias Some Remote Host ; Tn khc ca host

    address 192.168.1.50 ; a ch IP ca host

    hostgroups allhosts ; Nhm ca host

    }

    nh ngha mt dch v n gin cho vic gim st dch v HTTP trn my xanh sau:

    define service{

    use generic-service ; k tha gi tr mc

    nh t muhost_name remotehost

    service_description HTTP

    check_command check_http

    }

    nh ngha dch v ny s gim st dch v HTTP chy trn my xa. N s tocnh bo nu web server khng tr li sau 10 giy hoc web server tr v mli(403,404)

    Lu :

    gim st mc su hn bn c th xem hng dn check_http plugin vitham s dng lnh l --help. C php --help c tt c cc plugin.

    Di y l mt nh ngha dch v mc su hn. N s kim tra xem/download/index.php URI c cha chui "latest-version.tar.gz" hay khng. Thng boli nu khng tm thy, URI khng hp l, hay l web server tr li sau 5 giy.

    define service{

    use generic-service ; k tha gi tr mc

    nh t muhost_name remotehost

    service_description Product Download Link

    check_command check_http!-u /download/index.php-t 5 -s "latest-version.tar.gz"

    }

    19

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    25/74

    4.3.2. Gim st proxy server

    T cch thc phc v ca mt web proxy, chng ta c th s dng plugin

    check_http thc hin vic truy vn n proxy yu cu dch v v nhn kt qu tr v.

    Gim st hot ng bng cch truy vn n proxy, yu cu mt a ch URL nhsau http://www.google.com.vn:

    nagios@linux:nagios/libexec$ ./check_http -H www.swobspace.de \

    -I 192.168.1.13 -p 3128 -u http://www.swobspace.de

    HTTP OK HTTP/1.0 200 OK -2553 bytes in 0.002 seconds

    Trong I : l tham s a ch ca proxy cn kim tra

    -H tn ca host cung cp URL cn ly-u URL mun ly

    nh ngha lnh:

    define command{

    command_name check_proxy

    command_line $USER1$/check_http -H www.google.de \

    -u http://www.google.de -I $HOSTADDRESS$ -p $ARG1$

    }

    nh ngha host proxy c gim st

    define service{

    service_description Webproxy

    host_name linux01

    check_command check_proxy!3128

    ...

    }

    4.3.3. Gim st file server

    Khi bn cn gim st FTP server, bn s dng check_ftp plugin. Tp command-

    s.cfg c sn nh ngha lnh s dng plugin ny:

    define command{

    20

    http://www.google.com.vn/http://www.google.com.vn/
  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    26/74

    command_name check_ftp

    command_line $USER1$/check_ftp -H $HOSTAD-

    DRESS$ $ARG1$

    }

    Di y l nh ngha dch v n gin cho vic gim st PTF server t xa:

    define service{

    use generic-service ; k th a gi tr m c

    nh t m u

    host_name remotehost

    service_description FTP

    check_command check_ftp

    }

    nh ngha dch v ny s gim st dch v PTP v to ra thng bo nu server

    khng tr li sau 10 giy.

    Cn di y l mt nh ngha dch v mc su hn. Dch v s kim tra FTP

    server chy trn cng 1023 ca host xa. N s to ra thng bo nu server khng tr

    li sau 5 giy hoc thng ip server tr li khng c chui "Pure-FTPd [TLS]".

    define service{

    use generic-service ; Inherit default values

    from a template

    host_name remotehost

    service_description Special FTP

    check_command check_ftp!-p 1023 -t 5 -e "Pure-FTPd

    [TLS]"

    }

    4.3.4. Gim st mail server

    4.3.4.1. Gim st dch v smtp

    check_smtp plugin c s dng gim st email server. Tp commands.cfg

    cha nh ngha lnh s dng check_smtp plugin:

    21

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    27/74

    define command{

    command_name check_smtp

    command_line $USER1$/check_smtp -H$HOSTADDRESS$ $ARG1$

    }

    Di y l nh ngha dch v n gin cho vic gim st SMTP server

    define service{

    use generic-service ; k tha gi tr mcnh t mu

    host_name remotehost

    service_description SMTP

    check_command check_smtp

    }

    nh ngha dch v ny s gim st dch v SMTP server v to ra thng bo nuSMTP server khng tr li sau 10 giy.

    Cn nh ngha di y s kim tra SMTP server v to ra thng bo nu serverkhng tr li sau 5 giy v thng ip tr v t server khng cha on"mygreatmailserver.com".

    define service{

    use generic-service ; k tha gi tr mc nht mu

    host_name remotehost

    service_description SMTP Response Check

    check_command check_smtp!-t 5 -e"mygreatmailserver.com"

    }

    4.3.4.2. Gim st dch v POP3check_pop plugin c s dng gim st dch v POP3 trn mail server . Tp

    commands.cfg cha nh ngha lnh s dng check_pop plugin:

    define command{

    command_name check_pop

    command_line $USER1$/check_pop -H$HOSTADDRESS$ $ARG1$

    }

    22

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    28/74

    Di y l nh ngha dch v n gin cho vic gim st dch v POP3 trn host xa:

    define service{

    use generic-service ; k tha gi tr mc

    nh t muhost_name remotehost

    service_description POP3

    check_command check_pop

    }

    nh ngha dch v ny s gim st dch v POP3 v to ra thng bo nu POP3khng tr li sau 10 giy.

    Cn nh ngha di y s kim tra dch v POP3 v to ra thng bo nu serverkhng tr li sau 5 giy v thng ip tr v t server khng cha on"mygreatmailserver.com".

    define service{

    use generic-service ; k tha gi tr mcnh t mu

    host_name remotehost

    service_description POP3 Response Check

    check_command check_pop!-t 5 -e"mygreatmailserver.com"

    }

    4.3.4.3. Gim st dch v IMAP

    check_imap plugin c s dng gim st dch v IMAP4 trn mail server .Tp commands.cfg cha nh ngha lnh s dng check_imap plugin:

    define command{

    command_name check_imapcommand_line $USER1$/check_imap -H

    $HOSTADDRESS$ $ARG1$

    }

    Di y l nh ngha dch v n gin cho vic gim st dch v IMAP4 trnhost xa:

    define service{

    use generic-service ; k tha gi tr mc

    nh t mu

    23

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    29/74

    host_name remotehost

    service_description IMAP

    check_command check_imap

    }nh ngha dch v ny s gim st dch v IMAP4 v to ra thng bo nu

    IMAP4 khng tr li sau 10 giy.

    Cn nh ngha di y s kim tra dch v IMAP4 v to ra thng bo nuserver khng tr li sau 5 giy v thng ip tr v t server khng cha on"mygreatmailserver.com".

    define service{

    use generic-service ; k tha gi tr mcnh t mu

    host_name remotehost

    service_description IMAP4 Response Check

    check_command check_imap!-t 5 -e"mygreatmailserver.com"

    }

    Khi ng li Nagios. Ch l mi ln bn thm mt nh ngha dch v mi votpc cu hnh th bn phi kim chng li tp , v khi ng li Nagios. Nu qu trnhkim chng c li th phi cu hnh li cho ng n khi khng cn li th mi khing li Nagios.

    4.3.5. Gim st Cc dch v khc

    Ngoi nhng dch v trn Nagios cn sn c plugin cung cp vic gim st cc

    dch v: SSH, LDAP, DHCP, DNS, database, cng TCP, cng UDP Phn ci t v

    nh ngha cc dch v ny c th tham kho phn ph lc.

    4.4. Cnh bo cho ngi qun trKhng phi lc no ngi qun tr cng c th di theo v nm bt mi hot ng

    ca mng qua giao din ca h thng gim st. Bi vy bt c h thng gim st mng

    no cng cn cung cp chc nng thng bo cho ngi qun tr qua cc phng tin

    truyn tin nh email, sms, IM Nagios cung cp mt h thng thng bo linh hot v

    qua nhiu phng tin truyn tin khc nhau. Trong nagios, thng bo sy ra khi

    host/dch v thay i t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc. Tuy nhin khng phi bt

    c host/dch v no cng c th nhn thng bo. Thng bo trc khi n c cc lin

    lc n phi qua nhiu b lc khc nhau. Khi mt s kin sy ra vi mt host/dch v no

    24

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    30/74

    th trc khi quyt nh ra mt thng bo cho ngi qun tr, Nagios s thc hin

    kim tra:

    - Cu hnh ca Nagios c cho php gi thng bo hay khng.(ty chn en-

    able_notifications)- Host/dch v c kim tra c trong thi gian c lp lch ngng hot

    ng khng (downtime). Nu host/dch v ang trong thi gian downtime th cch hnh

    ng kim tra host/dch v vn c thc thi. Kt qu c lu li trong Nagios cn

    thng bo th s khng c gi i.

    - Host/dch v c kim tra c ang b Flapping khng (nu cu hnh bt

    ty chn pht hin flap). Chi tit v tnh trng Flapping c trong chng 5.

    - Tng host/dch v c th c cu hnh ch thng bo cho ngi quntr mt s tnh trng nht nh.

    - Mi host/dch v c th c nh ngha mt chu k thi gian cho thng

    bo. Nu khong thi gian thng bo c to khng nm trong gii hn ny th thng

    bo cng b loi.

    - Thi gian t ln thng bo trc n thi im hin ti kim tra ln

    hn khong thi gian c khai bo trong ty chn hay cha.

    y l ty chn cu hnh khong thi gian gia hai ln thng bo k nhau.- Cui cng Nagios kim tra cu hnh xem nhng ngi dng Nagios no

    c nhn thng bo v tnh trng ca host/dch v ang c kim tra .

    Chi tit cu hnh gi thng bo c trong phn ph lc ca ti liu.

    4.5. Tng hp bo coNgoi chc nng gim st v cnh bo cc trng thi hin thi ca cc thnh

    phn mng Nagios cn c th lp bo co v tnh trng hot ng ca cc thnh phn

    mng trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. Bo co c th c lp vi tng host/dch

    v, tng nhm hoc ton b mng vi cc b lc trng thi(SORT/HARD), tnh

    trng(OK, WARNING, CRITICAL, UNKNOWN). T cc s liu trong bo co ngi

    qun tr nm c tnh trng hot ng ca cc thnh phn mng trong mt khong thi

    gian nht nh, nh gi c n nh ca cc thnh phn mng. Vic tng hp bo

    co c thc hin kh n gin qua giao din web.

    25

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    31/74

    Chng 5. Cc vn lin quan5.1. Cc khi nim c bn trong Nagios

    5.1.1. Kim tra host

    Host c kim tra bi Nagios daemon khi:

    * Trong khong thi gian c nh ngha trong ty chn check_interval(khong thi gian gia hai ln kim tra k tip) v retry_interval (Khong thi gian thc

    hin kim tra li xc nhn khi pht hin host thay i trng thi) ca nh ngha cuhnh host.

    * Khi dch v m host cung cp thay i trng thi. Thng th khi dch vthay i trng thi th host cng thay i trng thi. V d nu Nagios pht hin ra dchv HTTP thay i trng thi t CRITICAL sang OK, th rt c th l host cung cp dchv ny va khi ng li v ang chy.

    * Khi c host con ca host b t vo trng thi UNREARCHABLE. ltrng thi m Nagios khng lin lc c vi host hay c th hiu l mt ngtruyn n host .

    Nagios phn loi host ra ba trng thi:* UP : hot ng bnh thng.

    * DOWN: tm dng hot ng.

    * UNREACHABLE: khng tm thy.

    5.1.2. Kim tra dch v

    Dch v c kim tra bi Nagios daemon khi:

    * Trong khong thi gian c nh ngha trong ty chn check_interval(khong thi gian gia hai ln kim tra k tip) v retry_interval (Khong thi gian thchin kim tra li xc nhn khi pht hin dch v thay i trng thi) ca nh nghacu hnh dch v.

    Nagios phn loi dch v thnh bn trng thi:

    OK: Hot ng bnh thng.

    WARNING: C th hot ng nhng cha chnh xc hoc c th khng hotng.

    UNKNOWN: Khng xc nh c.

    CRITICAL: Khng hot ng.

    26

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    32/74

    5.1.3. Khi nim trng thi SORT/HARD

    V d ta c mt nh ngha kim tra dch v DNS nh sau

    define service{

    host_name proxyservice_description DNS

    ...

    normal_check_interval 5

    retry_check_interval 1

    max_check_attempts 5

    ...

    }Trong

    normal_check_interval: khong thi gian gia cc ln kim tra bnh thng(l 5pht).

    retry_check_interval: nu gp li, sau 1 pht kim tra li xc nhn (soft state).

    max_check_attempts: thc hin kim tra li 5 ln, nu li vn sy ra. Nagios ktlun chc chn dch v thay i trng thi (hard state).

    - Vy khi Nagios chc chn v trng thi ca mt host/dch v th n t l HARDSTATE. Thng thng khi bt u pht hin host/dch v thay i trng thi Nagios

    thc hin li vi ln kim tra xc nhn, ty vo cu hnh. Trong khong thi gian host/dch v c t l SOFT STATE. Khi host/dch v c t vo tnh trng SOFTSTATE hoc khi n khi phc li trng thi c t tnh trng SOFT STATE th khng c

    bt c thng bo no c gi. Tuy nhin nhng s kin ny vn c ghi vo tp logv c th xem c qua giao din chng trnh.

    5.1.4. Khi nim FLAP

    Nu trng thi ca host/ dch v khng n nh, thay i lin tc. Ngi qun trs nhn c rt nhiu thng bo trong mt khong thi gian ngn. N khng ch gykh chu m cn lm ri lon vic xc nh vn li. Nagios c th pht hin vn

    ny v t trng thi l flapping.

    27

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    33/74

    pht hin tnh trng flap ca mt dch v, Nagios lu li 21 kt qu kim tradch v gn nht, tc l ti a lu li 20 ln thay i trng thi ca dch v. Hnh diy m t s thay i trng thi ca mt dch v:

    T hnh trn ta c th thy l trong 20 ln kim tra, dch v thay i trng thi 12ln. Nagios da vo s liu ny thng bo dch v ang ri vo tnh trng flappinghoc thot khi tnh trng flapping. Khi flapping sy ra, Nagios s ghi s kin ny vo

    tp log, t thng tin flap vo phn comment ca dch v v dng hnh ng thng botrng thi dch v.

    Pht hin flap c cu hnh 2 v tr; tp cu hnh chnh nagios.cfg (ci t cuhnh ni chung) v trong nh ngha ca tng dch v c th.

    Trong tp cu hnh chnh:

    #/etc/nagios/nagios.cfg

    ...

    enable_flap_detection=1 // cho php pht hin flap.

    low_service_flap_threshold=5.0 //ngng di flap

    high_service_flap_threshold=20.0 //ngng trn flap

    ...

    on cu hnh trn c ngha l nu c t 5 ln tr ln dch v c ghi nhn lthay i trong 20 ln kim tra th dch v c t vo tnh trng flapping.

    Chng ta c th thit t ty chn pht hin flapping v t ngng flap cho tngdch v trong phn nh ngha i tng dch v.

    define service{

    host_name linux01

    flap_detection_enabled 1

    low_flap_threshold 6.0

    high_flap_threshold 20.0

    ...

    28

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    34/74

    }

    Tng t pht hin flapping i vi host.

    5.1.5. Mi quan h cha/con gia cc host v phn bit trng thidown/unrearchable

    Nagios l phn mm cha c kh nng t pht hin ra cc node v kin trc ca

    mng. Cng vic ny do ngi dng t nh ngha v quyt nh theo quy tc nht nh.

    Nagios c coi l trung tm gim st. Cc thit b(A) c ng kt ni vt l trc tip

    n server Nagios c c mi quan h l con ca Nagios. Cc thit b kt ni trc tip

    n A c coi l con ca A.. C nh vy kin trc mng c nh ngha v m rng

    qua mi quan h cha/con ny, vi Nagios l trung tm.

    Hnh 5.1 Mi quan h host cha/con.

    V d mng c kin trc nh trn. Khi ta c Switch1 c coi l con ca Na-

    gios. Web, FTP, Router1 l con ca Switch1, Switch2 c coi l con ca Router1

    Tt c mi quan h ny u phi do ngi dng nh ngha qua ty chn parents trong

    mi nh ngha i tng. v d:

    define host{

    29

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    35/74

    host_name

    }

    define host{

    host_name Switch1

    parents Nagios

    }

    define host{host_name Web

    parents Switch1

    }

    Nh v d hnh bn di, ta tt host web v router1. Mt hnh ng kim tra c

    thc hin v tr v kt qu cho Nagios. Trng hp ny Nagios kt lun host web v

    router1 trng thi DOWN bi v host cha Switch1 hot ng bnh thng. Trong khi

    cc host nm sau router1 c kt lun l UNREACHABLE. V

    Nagios khng th lin lc c vi chng v router1 b tt ko theo mt ng kt ni

    n cc host ny.

    30

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    36/74

    Hnh 5.2 Phn bit DOWN-UNREACHABLE.

    Vic phn bit trng thi DOWN-UNREACHABLE ca host gip cc nh qun tr

    d dng hn trong vic xc nh c nguyn nhn v v tr ca li sy ra trn mng khi

    nhn c thng bo s c. Ta xt mt v d nh sau: Khi gim st dch v DNS trn

    mt mng c nh ngha nh hnh 5.2. Gi s tnh hung khi Nagios pht hin DNS

    khng tr li truy vn ca n. N thc hin kim tra host cung cp dch v DNS( y

    l proxy). Proxy khng tr li. Host cha ca proxy l switch2 c kim tra. Switch2

    khng tr li. Host cha ca Switch2 l switch1 c kim tra. Switch1 tr li. T

    Nagios kt lun Switch1 UP. Con ca n l switch2 DOWN. Con ca switch b DOWNl UNREARCHABLE. DNS khng hot ng : CRITICAL. Kt lun nh hnh 5.3

    Router1down ko

    theo cc hostcon ca nmt lin lcvi phn cnli ca mng

    31

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    37/74

    Hnh 5.3 V d Xc nh li 1.

    Hnh 5.4 V d xc nh li 2.

    Vy trong trng hp ny khi khc phc s c DNS, ngi qun tr xc nh

    c ngay nguyn nhn u tin dn n s c l do switch2 b DOWN.

    32

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    38/74

    5.1.6. Lp lch downtime

    C nhng thit b ch hot ng vo nhng khong thi gian nht nh trong ngy

    v ngoi khong thi gian n c tt i. Hnh ng tt bt c thc hin c tnh

    chu k v thng xuyn. V d nh thit b vn phng, my in Hoc c nhng server

    cn dng hot ng, nng cp, sa cha. Tm li l trong thc t c nhiu trng hp

    trng thi ca thit b mng thay i do s ch ng t pha ngi qun tr hoc ngi

    qun tr c th kim sot c. Vi nhng trng hp ny vic gi cnh bo cho ngi

    qun tr l khng cn thit. V th Nagios cho php ngi qun tr lp lch thi gian

    ngng kim tra cho tng host/dch v. Khong thi gian ny c gi l downtime.

    Trong khong thi gian ny khng c bt c thng bo no ca host/dch v c lp

    lch c gi i. Vic lp lch downtime cho host/dch v kh n gin v c thc

    hin ngay trn giao din web ca chng trnh.

    5.2. B x l s kinKhi trng thi ca host/dch v thay i, nagios c th chy mt chng trnh bt

    k c nh sn vi b x l s kin (event handler) x l tnh hung m khng cn

    s can thip ca ngi qun tr.

    5.2.1. Thi gian chy b x l s kin

    Khi host/dch v :

    trong trng thi mm

    bt u vo trng thi cng

    Bt u khi phc li bnh thng t trng li(mm hoc cng)

    5.2.2. V d event handler

    V d nh ngha mt script khi ng li my in khi my in bt u ri vo trng

    thi li v kim tra li n ln th 3 tnh trng li vn sy ra.

    Sa nh ngha dch v gim st my in, khai bo lnh x l s kin restart-lpd

    define service{

    host_name printserver

    service_description LPD

    ...

    event_handler restart-lpd

    33

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    39/74

    ...

    }

    nh ngha trong tp lnh lnh restart-lpd:

    define command{

    command_name restart-lpd

    command_line $USER1$/eventhandler/restart-lpd.sh \

    $SERVICESTATE$ $SERVICESTATETYPE$

    $SERVICEATTEMPT$

    }

    Lnh ny s gi mt script c tn l restart-lpd.sh t trong th mc /usr/local/na-

    gios/libexec/eventhandler (thng thng cc script c t trong th mc /usr/local/na-

    gios/libexec/). Script ny nhn 3 macro lm tham s l trng thi hin thi ca dch

    v $SERVICESTATE$ (OK,WARNING, CRITICAL, hoc UNKNOWN), loi trng

    thi $SERVICESTATETYPE$ (mm hoc cng), v s ln kim tra li hin thi $SER-

    VICEATTEMPT$ ). i vi host th cc macro ny l $HOSTSTATE$, $HOST-

    STATETYPE$, v $HOSTATTEMPT$.

    2.3. Script x l#!/bin/bash

    #/usr/local/nagios/libexec/eventhandlers/restart-lpd.sh

    #$1= Status, $2 =status type, $3 =attempt

    case $1 in

    OK)

    ;;

    WARNING)

    ;;

    CRITICAL)

    if [$2=="HARD" ]||[[$2=="SOFT" && $3 -eq 3]]; then

    echo "Restarting lpd service"

    /usr/bin/sudo /etc/init.d/lpd restart

    34

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    40/74

    fi

    ;;

    UNKNOWN)

    ;;

    esac

    exit 0

    Vi script ny nu trng thi dch v l critical, loi trng thi l HARD hoc loi

    trng thi l SOFT v kim tra li n ln th 3 th dch v lpd c gi vi tham s

    l restart. Script ny c thc thi vi quyn ca ngi dng Nagios (c th khng c

    quyn tm dng hoc khi ng li dch v h thng). V vy phi s dng lnh sudo dng quyn root khi ng li dch v lpd.

    Nu nh bn mun ngi dng nagios c quyn vi dch v lpd th thc hin nh

    sau:

    linux: # visudo

    Thm dng sau v tp cu hnh

    nagios nagsrv=(root)NOPASSWD: /etc/init.d/lpd

    Dng ny cho php ngi dng nagios c quyn chy lnh /etc/init.d/lpd trn host

    nagsrv v khng cn mt khu.

    Nu bn khi ng li dch v khi n ang trng thi mm th ngi qun tr s

    khng nhn c bt k thng bo no. Tuy nhin s kin vn c ghi li vo tp log.

    5.3. Gim st phn tn

    5.3.1. Kim tra ch ng

    Khi Nagios cn kim tra trng thi ca host/dch v n gi mt plugin thc hinhnh ng kim tra . Nagios s nhn kt qu t plugin c gi. y l cch thc

    kim tra c bn ca Nagios. Trong trng hp ny Nagios quyt nh khi no hnh

    ng kim tra c thc hin. Kim tra ch ng l phng thc kim tra c bn v

    c s dng nhiu. Tuy nhin n vn cn c mt s nhc im v d nh n c thi

    gian timeout ca mi hnh ng kim tra l c nh trc. Trong mt s trng hp

    thi gian c th khng c kt qu chnh xc.

    35

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    41/74

    5.5 Kim tra ch ng

    5.3.2. Kim tra b ng

    Hnh ng kim tra host/dch v c thc hin bi mt ng dng/tin trnh bn

    ngoi. Kt qu kim tra s c gi v cho Nagios x l.

    Kim tra b ng c dng khi gim st cc vng mng khc nhau c tng la

    ngn cch, dng trong gim st phn tn

    Cch thc kim tra b ng: Mt ng dng bn ngoi thc hin hnh ng kim

    tra host/dch v. Kt qu c ghi ra tp lnh ngoi tr. Nagios nh k ly kt qu

    kim tra t tp ny v x l.

    36

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    42/74

    Hnh 5.6 Kim tra b ng

    5.3.3. Gim st phn tn

    Nagios c th phn tn vic gim st trn nhng mng ln bng cch s dng mt

    server trung tm v nhiu server con phn tn trn cc mng con(mng con y c thl mt mng WAN, cc vng mng ngn cch bi tng la). Nagios gi mi mng

    con ny l mt cluster.

    Server trung tm: nhn v x l kt qu kim tra t server con phn tn (passive

    check), cc kt qu t n kim tra qua plugin (active check).

    Server con phn tn: thc hin cc kim tra ch ng (active check) host/dch v

    v gi kt qu v cho server trung tm. Thng th vi mi cluster nn t mt server

    con Nagios.Server con gi kt qu kim tra v server trung tm bng mt plugin c tn NSCA.

    Chi tit cch thc ci t, giao tip ca NSCA tham kho phn ph lc cui ti liu

    37

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    43/74

    CHNG 6. KT QU TRIN KHAI THC T TRNMNG CA TRNG I HC CNG NGH

    6.1 Gii thiu h thng mng ca trng H cng

    ngh(CTnet)Trng i hc Cng ngh hin c 19 khi/n v bao gm cc phng ban, cc

    khoa, cc trung tm, phng th nghim, phng thc hnh Tt c cc n v ca trng

    u c trang b u c trang b cc h thng my tnh phc v cng tc iu hnh,

    qun l, hc tp, ging dy v nghin cu.

    Hnh 6.1 : S h thng mng CTnet

    Ngoi cc h thng phng my phc v iu hnh, hc tp, ging dy v nghin

    cu th trng cng ang duy tr mt s server v dch v h thng:

    - Server Web, 1 CPU P.4, 1 GB RAM, 2 cng 36 GB (t phng HCQT)

    - Server qun l ngi dng, 1 CPU P.4, 1 GB RAM, 1 cng 36 GB

    - Server phc v tp, 1 CPU P.4, 512 MB RAM, 3 cng 36 GB

    - Server phc v cc tin ch, 1 CPU P.4, 512 MB RAM, 1 cng 36 GB )

    - Server mail, cung cp dch v th in t cho cn b, sinh vin trong trng.

    - Cc server h tr dns, proxy

    Mng CTnet l mt mng c quy m v cn phi c s qun l chc ch.

    Switch

    Cc phng lm vicv phng my tnh trong

    ta nh E3

    Cc phng lm vicv phng my tnh trong

    ta nh E4

    Cc phng lm vicv phng my tnh

    trong ta nh G2

    Internet

    VNUnet Router

    Cc trng

    Thnh vin vcc n v trcthuc HQG

    Phn mng Trng HCN

    38

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    44/74

    6.2. Ci t trin khaiH thng Nagios bt u c ci t v gim st nhng dch v u tin vo

    ngy 27/03/2009 trn server c a ch mng ni b l 10.10.0.22 v a ch Internet l

    210.86.230.113. a ch truy cp vo h thng l http://10.10.0.22/nagios. Vi mc chth nghim vic phn gim st ln ngoi server ny h thng cn ci t mt server

    Nagios khc ti ti trung tm my tnh nh G2. Server ny gim st cc thit b, my u

    cui ca trung tm my tnh v gi kt qu v cho server trung tm ti t ti

    10.10.0.22.

    n nay h thng c cu hnh gim st hu ht tt c cc dch v ca cm

    my ch ca trng i hc cng ngh nh web, mail, ldap, ftp, dns

    Hnh 6.2 Mt s server, my tnh c trin khai gim st.

    V gim st cc thit b mng ca Switch, router, my in, my u cui ti trung

    tm my tnh

    Cc phng ban khc,VneNet, Internet

    Mt s my tnhthuc trung tmmy tnh

    Cm mych

    Router,Switch

    39

    http://10.10.0.22/nagioshttp://10.10.0.22/nagios
  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    45/74

    6.2. Thng k tnh trng hot ng ca mt s host/dch vDi y l nhng s liu ghi li c v tnh trng hot ng, n nh ca

    mt s dch v.

    6.2.1 Server mail

    6.2.1.1 Host mail

    Bng thng tin trng thi v cc thit t cho gim st server mail 10.10.0.16

    Hnh 6.3 Thng tin mail serverT bng trn ta c c cc thng tin c bn v trng thi host mail (server mail).

    Host mail ang trng thi UP, ln kim tra cui cng cch y bao lu, loi kim tra

    (ACTIVE), host khng b flapping hay khng, khng c lp lch downtime. Tt c

    cc tnh nng u c ENABLED.

    Hnh 6.4 l bng thng k trng thi ca host mail t 27-03-2009 n 22-5-2009.

    T bng ny cho thy host mail trng thi UP(hot ng) lin tc trong qung thi

    gian c gim st. Khng c s c no vi host mail.

    40

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    46/74

    Hnh 6.4 Thng k trng thi host mailCc dch v c nh ngha gim st trn server mail gm imap, pop3, stmp.

    Bng trng thi ca cc dch v:

    Hnh 6.5 Cc dch v trn server mail

    Bng ny cung cp thng tin tn dch v, trng thi hin thi, ln kim tra cui

    6.2.1.2 Dch v smtp

    y l s liu ghi li hot ng ca dch v STMP trn server mail trong thng 4-

    2009. Ghi li cc trng thi dng hot ng, khi phc, cnh bo, khng xc nh ca

    41

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    47/74

    dch v (OK, WARNING, CRITICAL, UNKNOWN) ca dch v. Ct dc l cc trng

    thi, ct ngang l thi gian. Bn phi l thng k cc trng thi theo phn trm.

    Hnh 6.6 S liu dch v STMP

    Trong thng 4-2009, C 2 ngy dch v STMP b gin on 2, vo ngy 11/4 v28/4. l ct Critical trn hnh v. y l s liu ngy 11/04/2009 n 12/04/2009.

    Hnh 6.7 Trng thi STMP ngy 11/4/2009 -12/04/2009

    T hnh v trn ta c th thy trong qung thi gian ny dch v rt khng n nh

    v thay i trng thi lin tc.

    Hnh 8.6 thng k cc s kin sy ra thng 04/2009, nhn vo bng ny ta c th

    thy c s lng cc s kin sy ra trong thng, v sy ra vo gi no. Bao gm ccc s kin HARD, SOFT (chng 5). Ct dc l s s kin, ct ngang l gi, c 4 loi

    s kin l khi phc, cnh bo, khng xc nh, khng hot ng tng ng 4 mu

    xanh, vng, , cam. Biu ny khc vi biu 6.7 l n ghi li c cc cc trng thi

    SOFT ca dch v. Nhn vo biu ny ta c th thy gi no hay sy ra s c nht.

    42

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    48/74

    Hnh 6.8: Thng k s kin

    Hnh chp 1 s cnh bo c a ra v c ghi li trong tp log. Cnh bo hnh

    OK l ghi nhn dch v tr li hot ng. Cnh bo hnh chm than l dch v dng hotng.

    Hnh 6.9 log thng boThng bo tnh trng dch v STMP thay i trng thi c gi n cho ngi

    qun tr qua email. Khun dng thng bo c dng kiu nh sau:

    43

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    49/74

    Hnh 6.10 Ni dung email

    6.2.1.3 Dch v POP3, IMAP

    Tng t cc ni dung nh dch v SMTP. Phn ny ch a ra mt s s liu theodi POP3, IMAP. Dch v POP3 v dch v IMAP c n nh cao hn SMTP. y l

    s liu t 01/04/2009 n 01/05/2009.

    Hnh 6.11 Tnh trng hot ng ca IMAP trong thng 4/2009.

    44

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    50/74

    Hnh 6.12 Tnh trng hot ng ca IMAP trong ngy 28/04/2009

    Hnh 6.13 Cc s kin ca IMAP trong thng 4

    Hnh 6.14 Cc s kin ca POP3 trong thng 4

    6.2.2 Cc server khci vi cc server khc vic thng k, quan st, thng bo hon ton tng t,

    di y ch ch s lc tnh trng hot ng ca cc server trong thng 4-2009.

    45

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    51/74

    6.2.2.1. Server web

    y l s liu ca dch v web trn server c a ch mng ni b l 10.10.0.10 t

    ngy 1/4/2009 n 18/5/2009. Trong ch ghi nhn c mt ln khng truy cp c

    dch v t 9h28 n 10h 03 ngy 27/4/2009.

    Hnh 6.15 din bin hot ng ca dch v web ngy 27/04/2009 .

    Sau , 10h 03 dch v http khi phc li hot ng.

    6.2.2.2 server ftp

    Hnh 6.16 Tnh trng hot ng ca dch v ftp t 1/4/2009 n 1/5/2009.

    46

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    52/74

    Hnh 6.16 l s liu gim st dch v ftp trn host 10.10.0.18 c ghi li t ngy

    1/4/2009 n 1/5/2009. T s liu ny ta c th thy trong thng 4 dch v b gin on

    1 ln. Di y l s liu ghi li ngy dch v gin on:

    Hnh 6.17 Tnh trng hot ng ca dch v ftp t 28/4/2009 n 29/4/2009

    6.2.2.3 server dns

    Hnh 6.18 Tnh trng hot ng ca dch v dns

    47

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    53/74

    Server dns c a ch 10.10.0.7 l mt trong nhng server chy n nh nht khi

    khng ghi nhn c s c no v server ny:

    6.2.2.4 Proxy

    Cc s kin sy ra t 1/5/2009 n 22/52009 trn Proxy 203.113.130.216.

    Hnh 6.19 Tnh trng hot ng proxy

    Proxy DOWN v RECOVERY rt nhiu ln.

    6.2.2.5 Server ldap

    Server ldap 10.10.0.17 gim st 2 ngy t 12/05/2009 n 22/05/2009. Cha ghi

    nhn c s c no. Cc dch v c gim st bao gm ldap, ssh.

    Hnh 6.20 Cc dch v c gim st trn ldap

    6.2.3. Cc thit b khci vi cc thit b khc vic thng k, quan st, thng bo hon ton tng t

    nh phn gii thiu v server mail.

    6.2.3.1. Switch, router

    Cc dch v trin khai trong vic gim st router, switch bao gm kim tra trngthi UP/DOWN ca thit b v tng cng, thi gian hot ng lin tc ca thit b. Gimst lu lng qua tng cng cha trin khai c.

    48

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    54/74

    Hnh 6.21 Cc dch v c gim st trn switch c a ch 192.168.0.3.

    6.2.3.2. My in

    Cc dch v trin khai trong vic gim st my in l kim tra trng thi kt nivo mng, gim st, nhn dng trng thi hin thi ca my in.

    Hnh 6.22 cc dch v c gim st trn my in c a ch 192.168.0.9.

    6.2.4. Cc my tnh u cui.

    6.2.4.1. My tnh chy h iu hnh window

    Cc dch v trin khai th nghim trn my s dng h iu hnh Window lTrnh trng s dng CPU, a cng, RAM, gim st hot ng ca cc tin trnh, ccdch v ang chy, thi gian s dng my tnh lin tc.

    Hnh 6.23 Cc dch v c gim st trn window c a ch 192.168.0.230.

    6.2.4.2. My tnh chy h iu hnh linux

    Cc dch v trin khai th nghim trn my s dng h iu hnh linux l Trnhtrng s dng CPU, a cng, RAM, swap, gim st tng s trnh ang chy, s ngidng hin thi ang s dngcc dch v ang chy.

    49

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    55/74

    Hnh 6.23 Cc dch v c gim st trn linux c a ch 10.10.0.22Vic trin khai gim st cc thng s phn cng ca PC, server cn gp trc trc,

    cha c kt qu.

    6.3. Mt s nhn nh v NagiosKt qu gim st chnh h thng Nagios t 18/3/2009 n 19/15/2009:

    Hnh 6.7 Tnh trng hot ng ca Nagios t 18/3/2009 n 19/5/2009.Nagios trng thi UP 100% trong thi gian c gim st. Ta c th thy c

    rng tuy l mt h thng ngun m nhng Nagios hot ng rt n nh. Pht hin

    chnh xc cc thay i ca cc dch v mng. Th na do thit k theo kiu plugin nn

    Nagios rt uyn chuyn trong vic gim st. Ngi dng c th t vit script thc thi

    vic gim st cc dch v theo mnh. Hu nh tt c cc dch v, thit b mng u c

    th vit c plugin gim st. Tuy nhin vic ci t, cu hnh Nagios cn rm r v

    mt kh nhiu thi gian v cng sc.

    50

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    56/74

    PH LC I1. HNG DN CI T NAGIOS TRN DEBIAN/UBUNTU

    Phn ny cung cp nhng hng dn c bn v cch ci t m ngun Nagios trn

    Debian/Ubuntu..Nagios v cc plugin c t trong th mc /usr/local/nagios.

    Giao din web Nagios c truy cp qua a ch http://localhost/nagios/

    1.1 Gi yu cu

    m bo cc gi sau c ci t trc khi tip tc ci Nagios

    Apache 2

    Trnh bin dch v th vin C

    Th vin GDCi cc gi trn bng apt-get:

    sudo apt-get install apache2

    sudo apt-get install build-essential

    Vi Ubuntu 6.10 ci t th vin gd2 bng cch thc hin lnh:

    sudo apt-get install libgd2-dev

    Vi Ubuntu 7.10 tr ln:

    sudo apt-get install libgd2-xpm-dev1.2 To thng tin ti khon

    Chuyn sang ngi dng root:

    sudo s

    To mt ti khon ngi dng Nagios mi v t mt khu

    /usr/sbin/useradd -m nagios

    passwd nagios

    Trn phin bn Ubuntu server phi to mt nhm Nagios. C th b qua bc nynu ci t trn phin bn desktop Ubuntu.

    /usr/sbin/groupadd nagios

    /usr/sbin/usermod -G nagios nagios

    To mt nhm mi c tn l nagcmd cho php cc lnh ngoi tr c submit quagiao din web. Thm ti khon ngi dng nagios v ngi dng apache vo nhm ny.

    /usr/sbin/groupadd nagcmd

    /usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios

    /usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd apache

    51

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    57/74

    1.3 Ti v Nagios v Plugin

    To th mc lu tr m ngun c download

    mkdir ~/downloads

    cd ~/downloadsC th vo website http://www.nagios.org/download/ ti v phin bn mi nht

    ca Nagios v plugin. Hoc thc hin download phin bn Nagios 3.0.6 v Nagiosplugin 1.4.11 bng lnh:

    Wget http://osdn.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/

    nagios/nagios-3.0.6.tar.gz

    wget http://osdn.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/

    nagiosplug/nagios-plugins-1.4.11.tar.gz

    1.4 Bin dch v ci t NagiosGii nn m ngun Nagios

    cd ~/downloads

    tar xzf nagios-3.0.6.tar.gz

    cd nagios-3.0.6

    chy script cu hnh, vi tham s l tn ca nhm va to

    ./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd

    Bin dch m ngun Nagios:make all

    Ci t nh phn, script khi to, tp cu hnh mu v t quyn trn th mc lnhngoi tr (external command).

    make install

    make install-init

    make install-config

    make install-commandmodeCha vi khi ng Nagios

    1.5 Ty chnh cu hnh

    Tp cu hnh mu c t trong th mc /usr/local/nagios/etc.

    M tp cu hnh /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg

    vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg

    v thay i a ch email trong phn nagiosadmin thnh a ch email ca ngi snhn cnh bo cc nguy c ca mng t Nagios.

    52

    http://www.nagios.org/download/http://www.nagios.org/download/
  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    58/74

    1.6 Cu hnh giao din web

    ci t tp cu hnh mu ca Nagios vo th mc conf.d ca Apache.

    make install-webconf

    To ti khon nagiosadmin ng nhp vo Nagios qua giao din web. t mtkhu:

    htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.\

    users nagiosadmin

    Khi ng li Apache

    /etc/init.d/apache2 reload

    1.7 Bin dch v ci t cc Nagios Plugin

    Gii nn m ngun Nagios plugins.

    cd ~/downloads

    tar xzf nagios-plugins-1.4.11.tar.gz

    cd nagios-plugins-1.4.11

    bin dch v ci t cc plugin.

    ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios \

    --with-nagios-group=nagios

    make

    make install

    1.8 Khi ng Nagios

    Cu hnh Nagios n t ng chy khi h thng khi ng

    ln -s /etc/init.d/nagios /etc/rcS.d/S99nagios

    Thm tra li tp cu hnh mu

    /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios \

    -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

    Nu khng c li th bt u khi ng Nagios

    /etc/init.d/nagios start

    1.9 Ci t mailx

    Nu mun nhn cnh bo t Nagios qua email cn phi ci t gi mailx (Postfix).

    sudo apt-get install mailx

    Sa lnh thng bo email trong tp /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/

    53

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    59/74

    commands.cfg. i tt c cc ng dn l '/bin/mail' thnh '/usr/bin/mail'(Dngth 30 v dng 36 trong tp cu hnh ny, l cc dng v nh ngha lnh thng bo vtnh trng host v dch v qua email).

    Khi ng li Nagios:

    sudo /etc/init.d/nagios restart

    Tham kho trang NagiosCommunity.org c c nhng hng dn chi tit h thng Ubuntu c th gi email n mt a ch email bn ngoi.

    PH LC II

    2. Cp nht phin bn Nagios 3.xCp nht, nng cp phin bn mi ca Nagios l mt vic cng ht sc quan trng.

    Qu trnh nng cp c tin hnh nh sau:Sao lu h thng trc khi tin hnh nng cp. iu m bo cho bn c th

    phc hi li h thng c nu nh c s c sy ra trong qu trnh nng cp.

    Chuyn sang ti khon nagios. Vi ngi dng Debian/Ubuntu s dng lnh:

    su -l nagios

    Ti v phin bn mi nht ca Nagios(c th gh thm tranghttp://www.nagios.org/download/ c c thng tin v phin bn mi nht).

    wget http://osdn.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/nagios/nagios-3.x.tar.gz

    Gii nn m ngun Nagios:

    tar xzf nagios-3.x.tar.gz

    cd nagios-3.x

    Chy script cu hnh Nagios, Tham s nhm l tn nhm nagcmd uc to lc cit.

    ./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd

    Bin dch m ngun Nagios

    make allCi t nh phn, Ti liu, v giao din web. Cu hnh c ca bn s khng b

    ghi bc ny.

    make install

    Kim chng tp cu hnh v khi ng li Nagios. Hon tt

    /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios \

    -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

    /sbin/service nagios restart

    54

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    60/74

    Nng cp t gi ci RMP

    a. Sao lu ci t hin thi ca Nagios

    Tp cu hnh chnh (thng l nagios.cfg)

    Tp cu hnh ti nguyn (thng l resource.cfg) Tp cu hnh CGI (thng l cgi.cfg)

    Tt c cc tp nh ngha i tng ca bn

    Retention file (Thng l retention.dat)

    Tp log hin thi ca Nagios(Thng l nagios.log)

    Cc tp log ca Nagios c lu tr

    b. G ci gi RPM, APT hin thi

    c. Ci t li Nagios t u nh hng dn trnd. Khi phc li cc tp cu hnh, tp retention, v cc tp log

    e. Thm tra li tp cu hnh v khi ng Nagios.

    Ch rng gi RPM v APT c th c nhng cch ci khc nhau v lu vonhng v tr khc nhau, m bo rng h thng phi c sao lu trc khi g cc gici c.

    PH LC III3. CI T NSCLIENT++ GIM ST MY WINDOWPhn ny s m t cch ci t nagios gim st mt my chy h iu hnh

    window.

    Nhng ci c

    Mt vi nhim v cu hnh c thc hin:

    Lnh check_nt c nh ngha trong tp commands.cfg. N cho php sdng lnh check_ntplugin cho vic gim st cc dch v Window.

    Mu Windows server host (c gi l windows-server) c to trongtp templates.cfg. N cho php thm mt nh ngha host window mi theo mu rt ngin.

    Cc tp cu hnh trn c t trong th mc/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/.C th chnh sa nhng nh ngha c v thm nhng nh ngha mi cho ph hpvi yu cu.

    Cc yu cu cn c

    Trong ln u tin cu hnh Nagios cho vic gim st mt my window cn phi

    sa tp cu hnh mu.

    55

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    61/74

    vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

    B du # dng nh ngha nh bn di trong tp cu hnh

    #cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/windows.cfg

    Lu tp cu hnh v thot.V khng phi lm li vic ny na khi cu hnh gim st mt my mi.

    Ci t Windows Aget

    Trc khi gim st cc dch v v thuc tnh ca my window cn ci t mtagent trn my . Ti liu ny hng dn cch ci t NSClient nh sau:

    Ti v phin bn mi nht ca NSClient theo a chhttp://sourceforge.net/projects/nscplus

    Gii nn NSClient++ ra th mc C:\NSClient++

    M mt command prompt v chuyn n th mc C:\NSClient++ng k NSClient++ vo system service bng lnh:

    nsclient++ /install

    Ci NSClient++ systray bng lnh('SysTray' is case-sensitive):

    nsclient++ SysTray

    M services manager, tm n dch v NSClientpp, v cho php dch vNSClientpp tng tc vi desktop (trong phn th 'Log On') Nh hnh bn di:

    Sa tp NSC.INI (trong th mc C:\NSClient++) nh sau:

    B comment cc module trong phn [modules], tr CheckWMI.dll v Re-

    moteConfiguration.dll

    56

    http://sourceforge.net/projects/nscplushttp://sourceforge.net/projects/nscplus
  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    62/74

    Ty chn ngh mt mt khu cho client trong ty chn 'password' ca phn[Settings].

    B comment ty chn 'allowed_hosts' trong phn [Settings] . khai bo a chIP Nagios server trong mc ny, trng l cho php tt c cc host c php kt ni

    n. B comment ty chn 'port' trong phn [NSClient]v t l '12489' (cng

    mc nh).

    Khi ng dch v NSClient++ :

    nsclient++ /start

    Nu c ci t ng cch, th mt biu tng mi s xut hin trn system tray.N l mt vng trn mu vng c ch 'M' bn trong.

    Cu hnh Nagios

    M tp windows.cfg:

    vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/windows.cfg

    Thm mt nh ngha host mi cho my Window mi c gim st. Khai bo cctrng host_name, alias, v address.

    define host{

    use windows-server //tha k t mu c sn

    host_name winserver

    alias My Windows Serveraddress 192.168.1.2

    }

    Tip theo phi nh ngha mt s dch v khai bo cho Nagios bit nhng mcs c gim st.

    nh ngha dch v gim st phin bn ca NSClient++ chy trn my window:

    define service{

    use generic-servicehost_name winserver

    service_description NSClient++ Version

    check_command check_nt!CLIENTVERSION

    }

    nh ngha dch v gim st thi gian uptime ca Windows server:

    define service{

    use generic-service

    57

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    63/74

    host_name winserver

    service_description Uptime

    check_command check_nt!UPTIME

    }nh ngha dch v gim st vic s dng CPU v a ra cnh bo CRITICAL nuti CPU l 90% trong vng 5 pht, hoc cnh bo WARNING nu ti CPU l 80% trongvng 5 pht.

    define service{

    use generic-service

    host_name winserver

    service_description CPU Load

    check_command check_nt!CPULOAD!-l 5,80,90}

    nh ngha dch v gim st vic s dng b nh v a ra cnh bo CRITICALnu b nh s dng n 90%, hoc cnh bo WARNING nu b nh s dng n 80%.

    define service{

    use generic-service

    host_name winserver

    service_description Memory Usage

    check_command check_nt!MEMUSE!-w 80 -c 90

    }

    nh ngha dch v gim st vic s dng a C:\ v a ra cnh bo CRITICALnu b nh s dng n 90%, hoc cnh bo WARNING nu b nh s dng n 80%.

    define service{

    use generic-service

    host_name winserver

    service_description C:\ Drive Space

    check_command check_nt!USEDDISKSPACE!-l c -w 80 -c 90

    }

    nh ngha dch v gim st trng thi dch v W3SVC trn window v a racnh bo CRITICAL nu dch v tm dng.

    define service{

    use generic-service

    host_name winserver

    58

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    64/74

    service_description W3SVC

    check_command check_nt!SERVICESTATE!-d SHOWALL -lW3SVC

    }

    nh ngha dch v gim st tin trnh Explorer.exe v a ra cnh bo CRITICALnu tin trnh ny tm dng.

    define service{

    use generic-service

    host_name winserver

    service_description Explorer

    check_command check_nt!PROCSTATE!-d SHOWALL -l

    Explorer.exe}

    Mt khu

    Nu ch nh mt khu trong tp cu hnh NSClient++ ca my window phi sanh ngha lnh check_ntv thm mt khu. M tp commands.cfg:

    vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/commands.cfg

    Thay i nh ngha lnh check_ntv thm tham s "-s " (trong PASSWORD l mt khu ch nh trn my window):

    define command{command_name check_nt

    command_line $USER1$/check_nt -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -p 12489 -sPASSWORD -v $ARG1$ $ARG2$

    }

    PH LC IV

    4. CI T GIM ST MY LINUX VI NRPETi liu ny hng dn ci t trn h thng Fedora 6. i vi cc nn tng linux

    khc c th tham kho hng dn v tr gip ti a ch:http://www.nagioscommunity.org/wiki/

    4.1 iu kin

    Quyn root truy cp vo h thng linux.

    Ti khon truy cp vo Nagios my gim st

    lu :

    59

    http://www.nagioscommunity.org/wiki/http://www.nagioscommunity.org/wiki/
  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    65/74

    Gi thit rng nhng ch dn cho vic ci t NRPE l trn h thng linux c ktni TCP v xinetd c ci t. Vi hu ht cc phin bn linux ngy nay th chngc mc nh trong h thng. Tuy nhin vi cc h thng c th vn dng inetd(thay vxinetd) v c th khng h tr TCP. V vy nu mun ci t NRPE deamon trn nhngh thng nh th ny th c th tham kho thm thng tin trong 2 tp README vSECURITY t trong th mc gc ca b ci NRPE.

    4.2 Ci t host c gim st

    To thng tin ti khon: chuyn sang ngi dng root(c th s dng lnh sudo si vi Ubuntu)

    Su l

    To mt ti khon ngi dng Nagios mi v t pasword;

    /usr/sbin/useradd nagios

    passwd nagios4.2.1 Ci t Nagios Plugin

    To mt th mc lu tr chng trnh download

    mkdir ~/downloads

    cd ~/downloads

    Download m ngun ca Nagios plugin(c th vo trang ny c c thng tinv phin bn mi nht http://www.nagios.org/download/ ). Ti thi im vit ti liu

    ny phin bn mi nht ca Nagios plugins l 1.4.6wget http://osdn.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/

    nagiosplug/nagios-plugins-1.4.6.tar.gz

    Gii nn m ngun Nagios:

    tar xzf nagios-plugins-1.4.6.tar.gz

    cd nagios-plugins-1.4.6

    Bin dch v ci t plugins.

    ./configuremake

    make install

    t li quyn cho th mc cha Nagios:

    chown nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios

    chown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/libexec

    Ci xinetd : y l gi mc nh c trong Fedora 6. Tuy nhin nu khng c giny th c th ci n bng lnh sau:

    60

    http://www.nagios.org/download/http://www.nagios.org/download/
  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    66/74

    yum install xinetd

    (ubuntu cng l xinetd)

    4.2.2 Ci t NRPE daemon

    Thng th trn linux, ssl mc nh c ci, tuy nhin th vin ca n th khng,nrpe yu cu cn c th vin ny khi bin dch v vy cn phi b xung th vin ny.Trn Redhat l openssl-devel..(ubuntu l :sudo apt-get install libssl-dev ). Ngoi ra trnmy ci nrpe cng phi ci gcc, th vin gcc.

    Ti v m ngun NRPE addon (vo trang http://www.nagios.org/download/ cc thng tin v phin bn mi nht). Ti thi im vit ti liu ny th phin bn minht ca NRPE l 2.8.

    cd ~/downloads

    wget http://osdn.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/nagios/nrpe-2.8.tar.gz

    Gii nn m ngun NRPE

    tar xzf nrpe-2.8.tar.gz

    cd nrpe-2.8

    Bin dch NRPE addon.

    ./configure

    make all

    Ci t NRPE plugin (cho testing), daemon, v tp cu hnh daemon mu.

    make install-plugin

    make install-daemon

    make install-daemon-config

    Ci NRPE daemon l mt dch v trong xinetd.

    make install-xinetd

    Sa tp /etc/xinetd.d/nrpe v thm a ch IP ca server gim st phnonly_from:

    only_from = 127.0.0.1

    Thm mc bn di vo tp /etc/services.

    nrpe 5666/tcp # NRPE

    Khi ng li dch v xinetd.

    service xinetd restart

    (ubuntu l /etc/init.d/xinetd restart)

    61

    http://www.nagios.org/download/http://www.nagios.org/download/
  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    67/74

    m bo rng nrpe daemon c chy trong xinetd.

    netstat -at | grep nrpe

    Nu mn hnh hin th nh th ny:

    tcp 0 0 *:nrpe *:* LISTENTh dch v chy. Ngc li th nn xem li:

    Mc nrpe thm vo tp /etc/services.

    a ch IP c khai bo trong mc only_from ca tp /etc/xinetd.d/nrpe.

    xinetd c ci t v khi ng hay cha.

    Kim tra tp log ca h thng c thm thng tin.

    Tip theo kim tra m bo rng cc chc nng ca NRPE daemon chy ng:

    /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe H localhostBn s nhn c mt chui tr v thng bo phin bn ca NRPE c ci t, v

    d:

    NRPE v2.8

    m bo rng tng la trn my cc b cho php NRPE daemon c th ctruy cp t server xa. lm iu ny chy lnh iptables. Ch rng tn RH-Firewall-1-INPUT trong Fedora c th khc trong cc bn linux khc

    iptables -I RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp dport 5666 -jACCEPT

    Lu li bng nh tuyn.

    4.2.3 Ty chnh cc lnh NRPE

    Tp cu hnh mu NRPE c ci t cha mt s lnh c nh ngha sn cth dng gim st my . Bn c th sa cc nh ngha lnh v thm cc lnh mi

    bng cch sa tp cu hnh NRPE:

    vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg

    Sau bn c th kim tra li s hp l ca cc lnh c nh ngha bng cch

    s dng cc lnh sau:/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_users

    /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_load

    /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_hda1

    /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -ccheck_total_procs

    /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c

    check_zombie_procs.

    62

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    68/74

    4.3 Ci t trn my gim st

    Trn my gim st(Nagios) bn cn lm mt s vic

    Ci t check_nrpe plugin.

    To nh ngha lnh Nagios cho vic s dng check_nrpe plugin. To nh ngha dch v v host c gim st.

    Cc phn ny c ci t nu nh bn thc hin ci t Nagios ng nh phnhng dn ci t Nagios. K c hai tp cu hnh mu l localhost.cfg vcommands.cfg.

    4.3.1 Ci t check_nrpe plugin

    Chuyn sang quyn root (Bn c th s dng lnh sudo -s vi Ubuntu):

    su -lTo th mc lu m ngun ti v:

    mkdir ~/downloads

    cd ~/downloads

    Ti v NRPE addon (vo trang http://www.nagios.org/download/ c thng tinv phin bn mi nht). Ti thi im vit ti liu th phin bn mi nht ca NRPE l2.8.

    wget http://osdn.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/nagios/nrpe-

    2.8.tar.gzGii nn m ngun NRPE:

    tar xzf nrpe-2.8.tar.gz

    cd nrpe-2.8

    Bin dch NRPE addon.

    ./configure (thm tham s --disable-ssl nu khng mun dng kt ni an tonssl)

    make all

    Ci t NRPE plugin.

    make install-plugin

    m bo rng check_nrpe plugin c th lin lc vi NRPE daemon trn host xa.Thay th a ch IP 192.169.0.1 trong lnh bn di thnh a ch IP ca host xa m

    NRPE c ci :

    /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.0.1

    Nu ng, bn s nhn c mt chui tr v cho bit phin bn ca NRPE cci t trn my xa, v d nh:

    63

    http://www.nagios.org/download/http://www.nagios.org/download/
  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    69/74

    NRPE v2.8

    Nu plugin tr v li timeout, Th hy kim tra:

    m bo rng khng c tng la ngn chn kt ni gia host xa v hostgim st

    m bo rng NRPE deamon c ci t chnh xc trong xinetd

    m bo rng tp quy tc tng la(iptables) trn my xa khng ngn chckt ni t my gin st n NRPE deamon.

    4.3.2 To mt nh ngha lnh

    Bn cn to mt nh ngha lnh trong mt trong nhng tp cu hnh Nagios sdng check_nrpe plugin. M tp cu hnh mu commands.cfg:

    vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/object/commands.cfg

    Thm vo tp ny phn nh ngha nh bn di:

    define command{

    command_name check_nrpe

    command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$

    }

    By gi bn c th bt u thm cc dch v trn cc my xa c gim st.

    4.3.3 nh ngha cc dch v

    Tip theo, nh ngha mt s dch v cho vic gim st my Linux/Unix t xa. Ccdch v ny c nh ngha trong tp cu hnh i tng Nagios nh ngha mt hostLinux/Unix xa c gim st. Cc v d nh ngha dch v s s dng nhng lnhmu c nh ngha trong tp nrpe.cfg file ca host t xa. Dch v di y s gim stti CPU trn host t xa. Tham s "check_load" c t trong phn nh nghacheck_nrpe ch ra rng NRPE daemon chy lnh "check_load" c nh ngha trongtp nrpe.cfg.

    define service{

    use generic-servicehost_name remotehost

    service_description CPU Load

    check_command check_nrpe!check_load

    }

    Dch v di y s gim st s lng ngi dng ang ng nhp vo host t xa.

    define service{

    use generic-service

    64

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    70/74

    host_name remotehost

    service_description Current Users

    check_command check_nrpe!check_users

    }Dch v di y s gim st khng gian a cn trng ca phn vng /dev/hda1ca host t xa.

    define service{

    use generic-service

    host_name remotehost

    service_description /dev/hda1 Free Space

    check_command check_nrpe!check_hda1

    }

    Dch v di y s gim st tng s tin trnh trn my t xa.

    define service{

    use generic-service

    host_name remotehost

    service_description Total Processes

    check_command check_nrpe!check_total_procs

    }Dch v di y s gim st s lng tin trnh trng thi zombie trn host t

    xa.

    define service{

    use generic-service

    host_name remotehost

    service_description Zombie Processes

    check_command check_nrpe!check_zombie_procs}

    4.4. Ty chnh cu hnh

    Phn ny s hng dn vic gim st cc dch v cn li bng Nagios. Bt c khino bn mun gim st mt dch v mi trn my t xa s dng NRPE addon, Bn philm hai vic:

    Thm mt nh ngha lnh mi vo tp nrpe.cfg file trn host t xa

    Thm nh ngha dch v mi vo tp cu hnh host c gim st

    65

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    71/74

    Di y l v d cc bc cn phi thc hin khi mun gim st vic s dngswap trn my Linux/Unix t xa:

    4.4.1 Cu hnh host c gim st

    Bn c th s dng check_swap plugin gim st vic s dng swap. Nu bnci t h thng theo ng nh ti liu nu th plugin ny c ci t.

    /usr/local/nagios/libexec.

    ng nhp vo ti khon Nagios trn host t xa.

    Chy check_swap bng dng lnh v thm cc tham s ty chnh cnh bo theonhu cu. V d nu bn mun nhn c cnh bo khi swap cn trng di 10% hockhng gian b nh cn trng di 20% th bn c th g nh sau:

    /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w 20% -c 10%

    lnh ny c thc thi th bn phi nh ngha trong tp nrpe.cfgvi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg

    Thm nh ngha lnh check_swap vo bn di v lu tp li

    command[check_swap]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w20% -c 10%

    Nu bn chy NRPE daemon mt cch c lp th bn phi khi ng li n, nubn chy n trong inetd/xinetd th khng cn phi lm vic ny.

    4.4.2 Cu hnh host Nagios

    Trn host gim st, bn cn nh ngha mt dch v mi cho gim st vic s dngswap trn my t xa. Thm mc bn di vo tp cu hnh i tng ca bn

    define service{

    use generic-service

    host_name remotehost

    service_description Swap Usage

    check_command check_nrpe!check_swap

    }

    NRPE daemon s chy lnh check_swap c nh ngha trong tp nrpe.cfg trnhost t xa.

    Tip theo, kim chng v khi ng li tp cu hnh nagios

    /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

    Khi ng li Nagios

    By gi bn c th gim st dch v mi trn host xa s dng NRPE addon.

    66

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    72/74

    4.5. S dng Nagios

    4.5.1. Kim chng cu hnh

    Sau khi cu hnh Nagios bn nn kim chng li cu hnh bng lnh sau:

    /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

    Nagios s a ra cnh bo nhng dng cu hnh li nu c.

    5.2. chy Nagios

    PH LC V

    5.1 khi ng Nagios

    1. S dng Init Script:/etc/rc.d/init.d/nagios start

    2. hoc dng Manually ca Nagios vi lnh sau:

    /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

    5.2.2 khi ng li Nagios

    1. Cch 1: dng Init Script:/etc/rc.d/init.d/nagios reload

    2. Cch 2: qua giao din web,Click vo cc ng link ch dn Restart

    the Nagios process.

    3. Cch 3: dng Manually ca Nagios:

    kill -HUP

    5.3 Tt Nagios

    1. Cch 1: dng Init Script:/etc/rc.d/init.d/nagios stop

    67

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    73/74

    2. Cch 2: qua giao din web, Click vo cc ng link ch dn stop.

    3. Cch 3: dng Manually ca Nagioskill

    5.3 Cc ni dung khc

    tham kho document i km ca Nagios.

    68

  • 8/2/2019 Khoa Luan Nghien Cuu

    74/74

    TI LIU THAM KHO

    [1] Max Schubert, Nagios 3 Enterprise Network Monitoring Including Plug-Ins andHardware Devices, May 2008

    [2] Wojciech Kocjan, Learning Nagios 3.0, Packt Publishing, October 2008[3] Wolfgang Barth, Nagios System and Network Monitoring, No Starch Press, 2006[4] http://nagios.org/[5] http://community.nagios.org/[6] http://www.monitoringexchange.org[7] http://www.nagioswiki.org

    http://nagios.org/http://community.nagios.org/http://www.monitoringexchange.org/http://www.nagioswiki.org/http://nagios.org/http://community.nagios.org/http://www.monitoringexchange.org/http://www.nagioswiki.org/