Proposal Arief

PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE FOR VOLCANIC TOXIC GAS,

A CASE STUDY OF DIENG PLATEAU, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

Thesis Proposal

Double Degree M.Sc Programme, Gadjah Mada University and ITC - University of

Twente in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in

Geo-Information for Spatial Planning and Disaster Risk Management

By :

Arief Dwi Bimonugroho

UGM : 13/357423/PMU/08062

ITC : s6013589

Supervisors :

1. Dr. Danang Sri Hadmoko, Associate Professor, Geography and Environmental

Science, Gadjah Mada University

2. M.C.J. Damen, M.Sc, Lecturer, Earth Systems Analysis, ITC – University of Twente

DOUBLE DEGREE M.Sc. PROGRAMME

GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY

ITC – UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE

2014

THESIS PROPOSAL

PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE FOR VOLCANIC TOXIC GAS,

A CASE STUDY OF DIENG PLATEAU, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

By :

Arief Dwi Bimonugroho

UGM : 13/357423/PMU/08062

ITC : s6013589

Has been assessed by:

Thesis Proposal Assessment Board

Chairman

Prof. Dr. V. G. Jetten

Examiner 1

Prof. Dr. Junun Sartohadi, M.Sc

Examiner 2

M.C.J. Damen, M.Sc

Certified by:

Program director of Geo-Information for Spatial Planning and Disaster Risk Management,

Graduate School Gadjah Mada University

Prof. Dr. H. A. Sudibyakto M.S.

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TITLE

Preparedness and Emergency Response for Volcanic Toxic Gas, a Case Study of Dieng

Plateau, Central Java, Indonesia

CANDIDATE

Full name: Arief Dwi Bimonugroho

Student number: s6013589

ITC E-mail address: a.d.bimonugroho@[email protected]

Course: AES-MSc, 2013-2015, Natural Hazard and Disaster Risk Management

SUPERVISORS

1. Dr. Danang Sri Hadmoko, Associate Professor, Geography and Environmental Science,

Gadjah Mada University

2. M.C.J. Damen, M.Sc, Lecturer, Earth Systems Analysis, University of Twente

SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY

The aim of this study is to understand the process of preparedness and emergency response

due to volcanic toxic gas in Dieng Plateau and make suggestion to it using modern geo-

information techniques. Evacuation scenarios will also be made to simulate the evacuation

process after suggestions are implemented. This research also inventories the volcanic toxic

gas events from recorded history.

The main method to achieve the objectives is by conducting interview to at least 40

institution stakeholders related to volcanic toxic gas event in Dieng. The respondents are

chosen based on expert sampling technique to make sure that the respondents are expert

in this field. While interviewing people affected to disaster, snowball-sampling technique is

used.

Keywords: Evacuation, Dieng Plateau, volcanic toxic gas, preparedness, emergency

response, network analysis, stakeholder response-chains

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH

1. Introduction

Background

Gas bursts from volcanic craters and crater lakes pose a serious threat to human life

(U.S. Geological Survey, 2010). One of the infamous events, which attracted worldwide

attention, is the Lake Nyos (Cameroon) incident in 1986. It is believed that concentrated

CO2 gases from Lake Nyos resulting more than 1,700 people asphyxiated (Nasr, 2009).

Dieng Plateau, which is located in Central Java, Indonesia, also has had similar tragedy

that took more than 140 lives (Allard, Dajlevic, & Delarue, 1989). Dieng has eight active

craters while three of them potentially have toxic gases (Center of Volcanology and

Geological Disaster Mitigation, 2012). They are Sikendang Crater, Sinila Crater and

Timbang Crater. However, the toxic gas is not only come from the craters, but also from

the fissures near the crater. Between Sinila Crater and Timbang Crater, there is village

named Pekasiran. In 1979, earlier than Lake Nyos disaster, the Sinila Crater became

active. Its phreatic eruption triggered an earthquake, which caused people in Pekasiran

Village to panic and run into low-lying area (Guern, Tazieff, & Pierret, 1979). They did not

know that the earthquake had triggered gases bursts from fissures near Timbang Crater,

which flew into exactly where the people were. From later gas collection and analysis, it

was determined that the casualties were suffocated by nearly pure CO2 gases (Allard et

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al., 1989).

Figure 1. Location of accident in 1979 (Adapted from Guern et al., 1979)

Table 1. Volcanic toxic gas burst events in Dieng Plateau DATE OF EVENT SITE PRECURSORS AFTERMATH

13 May 1928 Timbang Crater Felt seismicity, fissure near crater opened -

13 October 1939 Timbang Crater Felt seismicity, fissure near crater opened -

20 February 1979 Timbang Crater Felt seismicity, fissure near crater opened 149 killed,

17,000

evacuated

18 March 1992 Sikidang Crater - 1 killed

28 May 2011 Timbang Crater Felt seismicity 1,300

evacuated

11 March 2013 Timbang Crater Tectonic earthquake 5,000

evacuated

27 March 2014 Timbang Crater Felt seismicity -

(Adapted from Allard et al., 1989; Aryono, 2013; Center of Volcanology and Geological

Disaster Mitigation, 2012; Hidayat, 2011; PVMBG, 2014; Seach, 2010)

Dieng Observation Post monitors concentration levels of several gases in Dieng’s craters including H2S, CO2, CO, SO2, and CH4. Since 2004, CO and CO2 in Timbang Crater are

continuously monitored through Gas Monitoring Station using Telemetry Low-Rate (TLR)

Communication System. The sensor, Drager Polytron type IR, can detect the CO and CO2

gas. TLR then sends the data from the sensor using radio signal every 5 minutes to the

Dieng Observation Post (Center of Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation, 2012).

The CO and CO2 gases are not hazardous when the concentration is lower than 0.5% in

the air, but when it is more than 1.5%, evacuation of people will be needed (Setyahadi &

Kurniawan, 2012). These gases are very hazardous because they are colorless and

odorless. Because of this the local people cannot identify where the danger is

(Giggenbach, Sano, & Schmincke, 1991; Ismail, 2011). They even named this hazard as

“silent killer”.

When an outburst of gas happens, the Government conducts selective evacuation

according to the stages of hazard level. Usually, if Volcanic and Geological Disaster

Mitigation Center (PVMBG) has issued the so called Alert level (the second highest level),

the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) instructs full evacuation to the people

living in the villages within a radius of 1 kilometer from the burst-site (Setyahadi &

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Kurniawan, 2012).

The most first response functions in emergencies situation lies to the local governments

(LaFeber & Lind, 2008). In the case of a volcanic toxic gas event in Dieng, the responsible

institutions are the Observation Post and Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD)

of Banjarnegara. Both agencies sometimes need to bypass bureaucracies to assure the

Dieng people’s safety even though stakeholder response-chains agreement already

stipulated in Banjarnegara’s Contingency Plan (2011). This document was made by the

BPBD of Banjarnegara and the PVMBG. It also has been approved by 40 institutions

involved in this contingency plan. This document contains an evacuation plan, and as a

part of preparedness phase to face the threat of geological and volcanic disasters,

including toxic gas, in Dieng Plateau.

Figure 2. Sequence of how the people get information of evacuation

(Adapted from Center of Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation (2012) and

interview with key person of Post Observation Dieng)

Dieng also has unique policy concerning disaster warning. BNPB applies silent warning to

avoid unnecessary panic among the people. It makes sounding sirens are strictly

prohibited in Dieng. Disaster warning is given by the leader of each hamlet. Each hamlet

gets the disaster warning from BPBD of Banjarnegara, which gets recommendation from

PVMBG every six hours.

Research Problem

Volcanic toxic gas disaster is a unique natural hazard. Oregon State University (2014)

recorded that this type of hazard had killed people at three sites in Indonesia. They are

Tangkuban Perahu Mountain, Papandayan Mountain, and Dieng Plateau. The last casualty

at Tangkuban Perahu was happened in June 1923, where three boys were killed. At

Papandayan, it happened in December 1924, killed a volcano observer. While in Dieng,

the last casualty is 1992, which killed one person.

Several studies related to the preparedness and response phase are listed in many

literatures. Shoemaker et al. (2011) stressed the prominence of enhancing the

preparedness and resilience, and studied the steps to improve its aspect. Zhanget al.

(2013) studied the evacuation of populations in a densely populated area of Beijing using

population vulnerability distribution and trucks’ disaster-information dissemination model

Give information about the danger

Inform the status level of Dieng Plateau and give recommendation

Order to evacuate people

Order to evacuate people by using two

ways radio

Order to evacuate people

Give recommendation to evacuate people

BNPB

PVMBG

People Key person

each hamlet

BPBD of Banjarnegara

Observation Post of Dieng

Danger

Information: : Actual sequence in 2013 event

: Formal sequence from Contingency Plan document

BPBD : Regional Disaster Management Agency

BNPB : National Disaster Management Agency

PVMBG : Volcanic and Geological Disaster Mitigation Center

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as a consideration. Rifwan (2012) evaluated the effectiveness evacuation route in

potential zones that affected to tsunami disaster in Padang. From disaster management

perspective of Indonesia, a study has conducted by IRG & Tetra Tech Joint Venture

(2007). It concluded that the current system capacity for disaster in Indonesia still lacks

of development. For example in early warning category, warning dissemination system of

Indonesia got only 1 score of maximum 4. The comprehension and legitimacy of warning

and the clarity of decision making also got 1 score.

Previous studies that are mentioned above show that study about preparedness and

response phase of volcanic toxic gas has not been discussed yet. It is maybe because the

danger of volcanic toxic gas in Dieng is still underestimated comparing to another disaster

such as earthquake, flood, volcanic eruption or tsunami. The location of Dieng, which is

in the rural area also make the data acquisition for any research in this area more difficult.

Because of the uniqueness of the type of the hazard, the silent warning policy from

government, numerous number of stakeholders involved, and the rareness of data, in-

depth study of the process of preparedness and emergency response for volcanic toxic

gas in Dieng Plateau is taken as a case study and is necessary to be done.

2. Objectives and research questions

The main objective of this research is to analyze the past and present chain of warnings

and evacuations for toxic gas events in the Dieng volcanic area, Central Java and to come

up with improvements using modern geo-information techniques.

The specific objectives are:

1. To identify the different stakeholders involved in volcanic toxic gas disaster

preparedness and the evacuation process;

2. To critically assess the past volcanic toxic gas eruptions and the evacuation process

in each event;

3. To come up with recommendations for improvement of the individual elements of the

response chain and the existing preparedness plan with emphasis on the use of

modern geo-information techniques;

4. To design a number of evacuation scenarios in which the suggestions are

implemented.

In order to achieve the objectives, several research questions are addressed:

Table 2. Research questions No Research Objectives Research Questions

1. To identify the different

stakeholders involved in volcanic

toxic gas disaster preparedness

and the evacuation process

a. Who are involved in the preparedness and

evacuation process?

b. What are the role and responsibility of each

stakeholder in the preparedness and evacuation

process?

c. How is the stakeholders’ disaster-response chain

in preparedness and evacuation process?

2. To critically assess the past

volcanic toxic gas eruptions and

the evacuation process in each

event

a. What are the past events of volcanic toxic gas

disaster in Dieng?

b. How is the evacuation process of volcanic toxic gas

disaster in past events?

c. How the data collected from each disaster event

will be inventoried?

d. Is there any issue or bottleneck related to the

existing preparedness and evacuation process,

including the stakeholders’ response chain?

e. Is the existing preparedness plan implemented

properly?

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No Research Objectives Research Questions

3. To come up with

recommendations for

improvement of the individual

elements of the response chain

and the existing preparedness

plan with emphasis on the use of

modern geo-information

techniques

What are geo-information techniques that can be

implemented to improve evacuation process in Dieng?

4. To design a number of evacuation

scenarios in which the

suggestions are implemented

What aspects are needed in the evacuation scenarios?

3. Study area, datasets and material feasibility

Study Area

Figure 2. Location of Dieng Plateau (from National Mitigation Disaster Agency, 2011)

The study area for this research is located in Dieng Plateau, Central Java, Indonesia.

Administratively, there are two regencies located in Dieng Plateau, which are Wonosobo

and Banjarnegara.

Datasets and Material Feasibility

Data that will be required in this study includes primary data and secondary data, as

listed in Table below:

Table 3. Datasets and Material Feasibility No Analysis Data Requirement Availability

1. Identification of

Stakeholders’ responsibility

Stakeholders’ responsibility in volcanic

toxic gas disaster

Interview with key person of BNPB,

BPBD of Banjarnegara, and people

affected by the disaster


volcanic toxic gas

disaster histories

1. Past events of

volcanic toxic gas

disaster

2. Spatial distribution

1. Document can be obtained from

PVMBG and Observation Post of

Dieng (secondary data)

2. Interview with people affected by the

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No Analysis Data Requirement Availability

in past event

3. Information about

volcanic toxic gas

disaster

3. Collect data from media

4. Can be obtained from PVMBG and


(secondary data)


evacuation process

related to volcanic

toxic gas disaster

1. Past events of

volcanic toxic gas

disaster

2. Spatial distribution

in past event

3. Information about

evacuation process

1. Can be obtained from BPBD of

Banjarnegara (secondary data)

2. Interview with key person of each

stakeholder

3. Collect data from media

4. Can be obtained from PVMBG and


(secondary data)

4. Improvement of

existing disaster-

response-chains by

suggestion

1. Stakeholders’ response chains

2. Past evacuation

process

1. Analysis of Stakeholders’ responsibility

2. Analysis of past evacuation process

5. Improvement existing

preparedness plan by

suggestion

1. Existing

preparedness plan

2. Past evacuation

process

1. Can be obtained from BPBD of

Banjarnegara (secondary data)

2. Analysis of Stakeholders’ responsibility

3. Analysis of past evacuation process

6. Creating evacuation

process scenario based

on future disasters

scenarios

1. Existing

preparedness plan

2. Other preparedness

documents

3. Past evacuation

processes

1. Preparedness plan document can be

obtained from BPBD of Banjarnegara

(secondary data)

2. Interview with key person of PVMBG,

Observation Post and BPBD of

Banjarnegara

4. Research methods

This study is designed as a qualitative research. Qualitative research examines the

participants’ perspectives with interactive and flexible strategies (Mack, Woodsong,

M.MacQueen, Guest, & Namey, 2005). The process of interview also can be examined in

detail and in-depth.

In-Depth Interview

Interview is the main method to obtain primary data from respondents for this research.

In-depth interview is applied to stimulate a participant’s perspective on the research

topic. During in-depth interviews, the interviewees are considered the experts while the

interviewer is considered the student (Mack et al., 2005).

In-depth interview is chosen because it is more personal form than any other qualitative

method (questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion or mail survey). Questions also can be

as open and adaptable as possible.

In-depth Interview will be conducted with all stakeholders involved in the preparedness

and evacuation process of volcanic toxic gas disaster in Dieng. According to

Banjarnegara’s contingency plan document, there are 40 institutions involved in the

preparedness and evacuation process (not including local people as the main

stakeholder). However, this number can be changed after achieve the specific objective

1 which is to identify the stakeholders involved in volcanic toxic gas disaster preparedness

and evacuation process. The interview process will be done based on priority

stakeholders. The first priorities are stakeholders that have direct involvement from

Indonesian Law on evacuation process (BPBD of Banjarnegara, PVMBG, Observation Post,

and BNPB). The second priorities are leading stakeholders for each sector (SAR sector,

social sector, health sector, and infrastructure sector). The last priority is other

stakeholders that are involved.

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Sampling Technique

Expert sampling technique will be implemented while choosing the sample in

institutional stakeholders. This type of purposive sampling technique is used to collect

knowledge from individuals that have particular expertise (Lund Research Ltd, 2012).

For example, when interviewing PVMBG, the chosen sample is key persons of PVMBG

who directly involved in the last event of volcanic toxic gas evacuation process in

Dieng. This technique is chosen to assure that the interviewee’s are expert in volcanic

toxic gas event and have experience about the preparedness and response process in

Dieng.

Snowball sampling technique (chain sampling) will be implemented while choosing

the sample of people affected to toxic gas disaster. Snowball sampling is chosen

because the respondent should be familiar with the toxic gas event, or experienced

the toxic gas disaster. For example, to assess volcanic toxic gas disaster happened in

1979, the first respondent is the community leader (Mr. A) in village affected by

disaster. Mr. A then informs that his friend, Mr. X, has a father that experienced the

1979 event. Then, we follow the information to the father of Mr. X, which is Mr. Y.

After information is obtained from Mr. Y we also asked who else have experienced

about 1979 event, and so on, until the answer of the interview resulting similar

pattern.

Questionnaire

Because the interview will be done by in-depth, the questionnaire will be developed as

flexible as possible. It will consist of key questions that lead to the specific objective.

During the process of the interview, it will be recorded by voice recorder while the points

of the answers are noted in the questionnaire by interviewer. Interview also will be

requested for their sign in the answer sheet by the end of the interview.

Data Inventory

To achieve specific objective 2 (to study the past volcanic toxic gas events and the

evacuation process in each disaster event), an inventory need to be made. The data

inventory will be contained: disaster events: It will be displayed with a map including the time of disasters, the

locations of volcanic toxic gas burst (craters or fissures), and the impact of disaster

(how many casualties and how many people need to be evacuated); evacuation process: including the stakeholders involved, responsibility of each

stakeholder, the disaster-response-chain, the early warning given, evacuation

response time, response from different categories of local people, transportations to

evacuate people, the shelters location, the condition of shelters, logistic available in

shelters, and how many days evacuee stay in the shelters; and problems or bottlenecks in each evacuation process of disaster event.

Stakeholders’ Network Map

Stakeholders network map is chosen to display the relation between each stakeholder

involved in the preparedness phase and the evacuation phase. Stakeholders’ network map is made in order to answer the research question 3 in specific objective 1 (how is

the stakeholders’ disaster-response chain in preparedness and evacuation process?).

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Data Analysis

According to Patton (1980) in Ahmadi (2014), data analysis in qualitative method is done

in two phase: during the process of data collection, and in the end of data collection

process. Miles and Huberman (1984) in Emzir (2010) explain the analysis steps of

qualitative data:

Figure 3. Qualitative data analysis steps (Miles and Huberman, 1994)

In this research, those steps implemented as below: Data collection

Consist of interview results, secondary data documents, articles, journals, textbooks,

newspapers and digital data. Data reduction

Data reduction is referring to selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and

transforming raw data from the field. For example, to achieve objective 1 question 2

(what are the role and responsibility of each stakeholder in the preparedness and

evacuation process?), after conduct interview with institutional stakeholders, the

focus will only highlight the role and responsibility of each stakeholder. The other

interview result like the stakeholder network chain, bottleneck and other focus are

ruled out first. Data display

The general form of qualitative display is narrative text, and then features with matrix,

graphs, flowcharts, networks, and maps. For example, the display of stakeholders’ network chains (research objective 1, research question 3). It is designed to gather

a lot of information in the simpler form. Conclusions

Conclusions is taken by maintain the fairness and skepticism.

Analysis techniques Strengths and weaknesses analysis

In SWOT analysis, strengths and weaknesses are the factors of internal environment.

SWOT tool is chosen in this research because it is clear to understand and initiates

further analysis (Jurevicius, 2013). This analysis will be used to identify the strengths

and weaknesses of preparedness document from BNPB or BPBD of Banjarnegara. Event structure analysis

Neuman (2000) in Ahmadi (2014) defines event structure analysis as a qualitative

analysis to help researchers organize the event sequences and to know its causal

relation. This technique is used in this research while identifying the volcanic toxic gas

evacuation processes in past event. Network analysis

The idea of network analysis in qualitative method is used to map the relation of

people, organizations, events, or places. In this research, network analysis is using

to map the relation of each stakeholders, also to identify how big its relation

(stakeholders’ response chains).

Data

Collection Data Display

Data Reduction Conclusions:

drawing/verifying

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Geo-information techniques

Geo-information technology is a science that deals with acquirement, storage, analysis,

management, and distribution of geographic and spatial information. Recommendations

using geo-information techniques in this research (objective 3) means the

recommendation to the preparedness and evacuation process should considering

techniques related to geo-information technology. For examples: From interview result, it is known that shelters capacity in evacuation place is not

enough to accommodate all refugee. Meanwhile, there are many potential public

buildings can be used as a shelter. The recommendation then can be building

identification using remote sensing technique. The steps for example are:

o Download high-resolution image in evacuation area from Google Earth

o Digitize each building in evacuation area

o Select potential buildings which categorized as a spacious building

o Ground check for availability and suitability of the building From collecting issues from media, it is known that the access and the road condition

of Dieng are not good. Meanwhile, road is one of the important factor to assure the

evacuation process run smoothly. The recommendation then can be road network

analysis using GIS software. The steps for example are:

o Download high-resolution image in evacuation area from Google Earth

o Digitize each road type in evacuation area

o Calculate the evacuation road by using road network analysis software From interview result, it is known that the communication system of the early warning

system in Dieng still using two-ways radio. The recommendation then can be

modernization of communication system of the early warning system. The steps are:

o When gas sensor in one fissure is alert, the system tells Observation Post.

o The system then automatically communicates the potential danger to certain

hamlet leader (which might be impacted if the disaster occurs) by short message

service So that the information can reach the community leader wherever he is.

Evacuation Scenarios

Evacuation scenario is used to make sure that the recommendation in objective 3 is

applicable. The scenario also considering the scenario from existing preparedness plan

(contingency plan of Banjarnegara). The examples of disaster scenario: On Friday, 1 May 2015, 05.00 local time, fissures A and B near Timbang Crater show

increased activity. PVMBG increase the status level of Dieng to second highest danger

level. On Sunday, 10 May 2015, 13.00 local time, PVMBG decide to increase the status of

Dieng become highest danger level and recommend BNPB to evacuate two villages

(Batur and Sumberejo). BNPB through BPBD of Banjarnegara order two villages to evacuate. The leader of

evacuation process is BPBD of Banjarnegara. The number of people need to be evacuated are 2,190 from Batur, and 4,460 from

Sumberejo. BPBD of Banjarnegara then coordinates all stakeholders to conduct evacuation

process.

After the disaster scenario is made, the next step then make evacuation scenario. The

evacuation scenario will be based on contingency plan from BNPB, with addition on

evacuation map scenario.

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Method per Research Question

Table 4. Method per research question No Research Question Method

Objective 1: To identify the different stakeholders involved in volcanic toxic gas disaster

preparedness and the evacuation process

1. Who are involved in the

preparedness and evacuation

process?

Interview with key person of BNPB, BPBD of

Banjarnegara, and people affected by the disaster

2. What are the role and

responsibility of each stakeholder

in the preparedness and

evacuation process?

Create stakeholder’s network chain maps based on

interview with key person of each stakeholder

Objective 2: To critically assess the past volcanic toxic gas eruptions and the evacuation process

in each event

1. What are the past events of

volcanic toxic gas disaster in

Dieng?

Collect data from media, interview with key person of

PVMBG, Observation Post of Dieng, and people affected

by the disaster

2. How is the evacuation process of

volcanic toxic gas disaster in past

events?

Collect data from media, and interview with key person

of each stakeholder

3. How the data collected from each

disaster event will be inventoried?

Create data inventory of all volcanic toxic gas disaster in

past events and its evacuation process

4. Is there any issue or bottleneck

related to the existing

preparedness and evacuation

process, including the

stakeholders’ response chain?

Collect issues from media, interview with key person of

each stakeholder and people affected by the disaster

and conduct qualitative data analysis from interview

result

5. Is the existing preparedness plan

implemented properly?

Interview with key person of each stakeholder, collect

issues from media, and conduct qualitative data analysis

from interview result of evacuation processes

Objective 3: To come up with recommendations for improvement of the individual elements of

the response chain and the existing preparedness plan with emphasis on the use of modern geo-

information techniques

1. How is the stakeholders’ disaster-response chain in preparedness

and evacuation process?

Conduct qualitative data analysis from interview result

2. What are geo-information

techniques that can be

implemented to improve

evacuation process in Dieng?

Conduct qualitative data analysis from interview result

Objective 4: To design a number of evacuation scenarios in which the suggestions are

implemented

1. What aspects needed in the

evacuation scenarios?

Analyze the existing preparedness plan document,

interview with key person of PVMBG, Observation Post,

and BPBD of Banjarnegara, cross check with related

stakeholder, then implement with geo-information

techniques

5. Scientific significance

The in-depth study of preparedness and emergency response for volcanic toxic gas would

give more understanding about the evacuation process in Dieng. This study also will

come-up with geo-information technique suggestions and recommendations to improve

the preparedness and response process, including redefines the role of each stakeholder

to avoid overlap. The result will beneficial to all stakeholders involved in preparedness

and response process of volcanic toxic gas disaster. Each volcanic toxic gas events from

recorded history also will be inventoried. It will be very useful to any researcher who

might concern with volcanic toxic gas.

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WORK PLAN

Table 5. Timeline for activities on this study

Activity

2014 2015

August September October November December January February

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Proposal writing

Proposal defense

Fieldwork

characteristics of

volcanic toxic gas

Fieldwork

stakeholders

responsibility

Fieldwork inventory

past event of

volcanic toxic gas

Fieldwork inventory

past event of

evacuation

Thesis writing Thesis submission

Reviews and

correction

Thesis defense

Page 13

ANNEXES

Research Conceptual Framework

Research Flowchart per bjective

To identify the different stakeholders involved in volcanic toxic gas disaster preparedness and

the evacuation process

To critically assess the past volcanic toxic gas eruptions and the evacuation process in each

event

Interviewing BNPB, BPBD of Banjarnegara and people affected to

disaster

List of stakeholders

Interviewing all stakeholders

Role for each stakeholders

Collect data from media Interviewing

stakeholders

Interview result, data from media, and existing preparedness document

Event structured analysis

Evacuation process of past

events

Strengths and weaknesses analysis

Issue/bottleneck on evacuation process

Network analysis

Toxic gas disaster events

Collect existing preparedness

document from BPBD of Banjarnegara

Data analysis

Existing preparedness plan implementation

Data analysis

Inventory of volcanic toxic gas disaster in past events and its

evacuation process

Volcanic toxic gas events

Dieng plateau

Evacuation process

Stakeholders involved

People affected by disaster

Recommendation Evacuation scenario

Geo-info technique

Stakeholders’ network chains

Preparedness plan

Page 14

To come up with recommendations for improvement of the individual elements of the response

chain and the existing preparedness plan with emphasis on the use of modern geo-information techniques

To design a number of evacuation scenarios in which the suggestions are implemented

List of Stakeholders According to Contingency Plan of Banjarnegara

NO Institution NO Institution

1 Dinas Sosial Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi 21 BPS Banjarnegara

2 PT. Geodipa Energy 22 PMI Kabupaten Banjarnegara

3 Dinas Kesehatan Kab. Banjarnegara 1 23 ORARI Lokal Banjarnegara

4 Badan Perencanaan Daerah 24 UPT Puskesmas Batur I

5 BAGANA 1 25 Polres Banjarnegara 1

6 Kodim 0704/BNA 26 Kantor Lingkungan Hidup (KLH)

7 UPT Puskesmas Batur II 27 SAR Kab. Banjarnegara 1

8 PVMBG, Badan Geologi 1 28 DPU Kab. Banjarnegara

9 Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata 29 PGA Dieng

10 Satpol Pamong Praja 30 Dinas Kesehatan Kab. Banjarnegara 2

11 Dinas PSDA dan ESDM Kab. Banjarnegara 1 31 BAGANA 2

12 Dinas Pendidikan, Pemuda dan Olahraga 32 PVMBG, Badan Geologi 2

13 Bakesbangpolinmas Kab. Banjarnegara 33 Tim Siaga Bencana 2

14 Kantor Kecamatan Pejawaran 34 Kantor Kecamatan Batur 2

15 PDAM Kab. Banjarnegara 35 BPBD Banjarnegara 2

16 Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan 36 BPBD Banjarnegara 3

17 Dinas Sosial, Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi

Kab. Banjarnegara

37 Dinas PSDA dan ESDM Kab. Banjarnegara 2

18 Tim Siaga Bencana 1 38 BPBD Banjarnegara 4

19 Kantor Kecamatan Batur 1 39 Polres Banjarnegara 2

20 BPBD Banjarnegara 1 40 SAR Kab. Banjarnegara 2

Issue/bottleneck on evacuation process

Strengths and weaknesses analysis

Other preparedness documents from

BNPB

Data analysis Potential recommendations

Crosscheck with related stakeholders

Inventory of volcanic toxic gas disaster in past events and its

evacuation process

Recommendations

Existing preparedness plan implementation

Recommendations

Data analysis Potential

evacuation scenarios

Crosscheck with related stakeholders

Evacuation scenarios

Page 15

Map of Toxic Gas Distributions in Dieng Plateau

Page 16

In-Depth Interview’s Questionnaire

For BNPB and BPBD of Banjarnegara

Institution’s name :

Respondent’s name :

Position :

Handphone :

E-mail :

Date of interview :

Key questions for identification of stakeholders’ responsibility

1. What are the stakeholders involved in the preparedness and evacuation process in Dieng?

2. Could you please explain the role of each stakeholders in Dieng?

Key questions for identification of evacuation process

1. Could you please explain the events of evacuation process you were involved?

2. Could you please explain how the evacuation process was?

3. Could you please explain how your institution’s role in the evacuation process was?

4. Could you please explain the issues/bottlenecks related to evacuation process?

Key question for improvement of evacuation process

1. What do you think about existing preparedness plan?

2. What is your suggestion to improve existing preparedness plan?

3. What do you think about existing stakeholders’ network chains?

4. What is your suggestion to improve existing stakeholders’ network chains?

Key question to make evacuation scenario

1. What aspects needed in the evacuation scenarios?

For PVMBG and Observation Post



Position :

Handphone :

E-mail :

Date of interview :

Key questions for identification of volcanic toxic gas in past events

1. Could you please explain the volcanic toxic gas event in each past event?











Key question to make evacuation scenario

1. What aspects needed in the evacuation scenarios?

Page 17

For Other Institutional stakeholders



Position :

Handphone :

E-mail :

Date of interview :











For people affected by disaster Respondent’s name :

Address :

Handphone :

Date of interview :

Key questions for identification of stakeholders’ responsibility

1. What are the stakeholders involved in the preparedness and evacuation process in Dieng?


1. Could you please explain the events of evacuation process you were experienced?




1. What do you think about the evacuation process you experienced?

2. What is your suggestion to improve the evacuation process?

Documents

Proposal Arief