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FU CHIN DAN
Source:Lalthanzuala MSc.(Ag) ,Agro, PGDip.Agmark
Thlai chin dan
Department of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry
Aizawl, Mizoram
Page No : 99 – 115
First Edition-2011
Botanical name : Saccharum officinarum Linn
English : Sugarcane()
Hindi : Seesal
Khawvela Fu ching ram lian zualte : Khawvela fu ching ram 120 zinga a lian zual
ram 22 te chu Brazil, India, China, Thailand, Pakistan, Cuba, Mexico, Colombia, Australia,
U.S., Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, South Africa, Argentina, Guatemala, Myanmar,
Bangladesh, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Venezuela leh Bolivia te an ni. Khawvel puma fu
hmun za a 96.6 (%) chu heng rama awm hi a ni a, an thar pawh khawvel fu thar za a 91.8
(%) lai a ni bawk. Hetih lai hian khawvelah kurtai leh chini ei tam ber ram chu India ram a
ni.
India rama Fu chingtu State pawimawh te :
1) Tropical belt – Maharastra, Gujarat, Andra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka,
Kerela, Orissa leh Madhya Pradesh hmun thenkhat.
2) Sub-Tropical belt – Punjab, Haryana, U.P., Bihar, Rajasthan leh Madhya Pradesh
hmun thenkhat, West Bengal leh India hmarchhak State te.
Kum 1997-98 atanga 2007-08 inkara India rama Fu chinna hmun leh thar dan
hetiang hi a ni.
Table 26 :
Year Area (Million
Hectare) Production
(Million Tonnes) Yield
(kg/Hectare) % coverage under
irrigation
1997-98 3.93 297.54 71134 91.30
1998-99 4.05 288.72 71203 91.70
1999-00 4.22 299.32 70935 92.00
2000-01 4.32 295.96 68577 92.10
2001-02 4.41 297.21 67370 91.60
2002-03 4.52 287.38 63576 91.30
2003-04 3.93 233.86 59380 90.70
2004-05 3.66 237.38 59380 90.70
2005-06 4.20 281.17 66928 92.50
2006-07 5.15 355.52 69022 NA
2007-08 5.04 340.56 67531 NA
Source : The Hindu Survey of Indian Agriculture, 2009 Page 130
Khawvelah Brazil hi Fu hmun nei zau ber leh tha tam ber a ni a, a dawttu chu India a
ni. Khawvela chini leh kurtai ei tam ber pawh India ram a ni. India ram chhungah chuan
Uttar Pradesh-in fu hmun an nei zau ber a (50%). Maharastra-in a dawt (12%). Fu thar tam
lamah pawh U.P in 45% lai tharin Maharastra-in a dawt leh a. India ram pumpui thara zaa
15(%) lai an thar a ni.
Table 27 :
Kum 6 kal ta chhunga Mizoram Fu chin tam dan leh thar zat
Year Area (Ha) Production (Ton) Productivity
(t/ha)
2004-05 1357 13,565 9.99
2005-06 1383 49,953 33.22
2006-07 1340 12,187 9.09
2007-08 883 828 0.93
2008-09 1342 13,696 10.20
TOTAL 7739 98,597 12.08 (Average)
Source : Statistical Abstract 2008-09, Published bu Directorate of Agriculture (CH),
Mizoram, Aizawl
Fu varity hrang hrang
Table 28 :
Fu ching State lian zinga an thar hlawk dan (ton/ha) chu hetiang hi a ni.
Source : Indian Farming : January, 2010. Page – 8
Hetih lai hian Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore-a Scientist te chuan India
rama fu thar hlawk ber chu Kerala ni lovin Tamil Nadu State a ni an ti. India ramah hian fu
kan chinna a rei tawh dan leh kan chinna ram zauh dan ngaihtuahin kan la thar hlawk lo
hle reng a ni. (40 t/ha).
FU CHI }HA TE :
Recommended varieties :
Fu kan chin dawn hian thar hlawk leh hrisel kan thlang tur a ni a. Mizorama kan lo
chin mekte pawh a awm a, tin, phai lam atangin a thar hlawk zawk leh hrisel zawkte pawk
kan lo chaw chhuak tawh thin a. Hetiang hi a kung a te zawk nain a tui a tak a, chini leh
kurtai atan a hlawk zawk. Tin, fu chi hrang hrang zingah pawh peng tha duh deuh kan
State Productivity (tones/ha)
Andhra Pradesh 76.7
Bihar 42.8
Gujarat 74.0
Haryana 64.4
Karnataka 83.4
Kerela 134.7
Maharastra 77.5
Punjab 57.8
Orissa 65.8
Rajasthan 61.0
Tamil Nadu 104.6
Uttar Pradesh 58.2
West Bengal 83.1
Uttarakhand 60.7
India 66.9
thlang bawk tur a ni. Mizorama kan fu chin mekte chu Fupawl, Fusen, Rialchini (Futial),
Jorhat leh Kurtai fu te an ni. Fu chi tha lakchhuah leh chin atana thate chu.
Table 29 :
Sl. No.
Varieties Maturity Cane
Yield t/ha
Gur recovery
%
Sucrose content
% Special feature
1. Co BLN 9605, Dhansiri
Mid late 96.67
20.02
Ms to Red rot and borer, tolerant to drought and mod tolerant to
water logging. Profuse tiller, good ratooner.
2. Co BLN 9101 Daria
Early 81.41 10-12 19.36
Profuse tiller, good ratooner & non flowering, MS to Red rot and MS to
borer, tolerant to drought and succeptible to water logging.
3. Co BLN 9102 Kalang
Early 87.65 10-12 18.26
Profuse tiller, good ratooner & non flowering, MS to Red rot and MS to
borer, tolerant to drought and succeptible to water logging.
4. Co BLN 9103 Barak
Early 86.76 10-12 19.18
Profuse tiller, good ratooner & non flowering tolerant to lodging, MS to
Red rot and MS to borer, tolerant to drought and succeptible to
water logging.
5. Co BLN 9104 Lohit
Mid late 80.6 10-12 19.62 MR to Red rot and MS to borers,
tolerant to drought and succeptible to water logging.
6. Co 1008 Early 70-80 9-10 16-18 Profuse tiller & good ratooner
7. Co 6315 Mid Early 70-81 9-10 18-19 Profuse tiller & good ratooner
8. Co 997 Early and Mid early
70-81 10-12 18-20 Profuse tiller, good ratooner and
drought resistant
9. CoS 8436 Early 65-78 - 16.5-19.5 Good tiller, doesn't lodge and
resistant to wilt. Canes ar hand and short.
10. CoS 88230 Rasgulla
Early 71.75 - 17.5-19.5 Canes are very soft and sweet,
succeptible to stem and shoot borer.
11. CoS 96268 Early 80-90 - 16.7-17.8 Produces good ratoon and
doesn't lodge
12. CoP 94211 Early 65.75 - 18.5 Moderately resistant to
Red rot diseases
13. CoS 767 Mid late 77-88 - 16-18 Suitable for prolematic area like
drought, frost, saline & alkaline soil. Not lodge and good for ratooning.
14. CoP 90223 Mid late 80-85 - 19
Good germination ability with heavy canes, non lodging and produces
excellent ratoon. Resistant to water logging, frost and red rot.
15. CoP 84212 Mid late 80-86 - 19
Canes are erect, medium thick, solid and soft. Resistant to lodging and moderately resistant to red rot,
smut and wilt.
MR - Moderately Resistant; MS - Moderately Susceptible
VARIETY DANG :
India rama fu variety tam tak, tha tak tak bawk zingah a hnuaia mite hi beiseiawm
zual (promising variety) an ni a, i han en teh ang. Zoramah pawh chhin ve a chakawm hle
mai. A taka research stationa hmuh pawhin an itawm hle a ni.
FU CHI LAK DAN :
Fu chi lak hian duhtui hle a tha. Duhthusamah chuan a ler lam atanga lak a tha. Fu
chi pakhatin chang (mit) 2 emaw 3 emaw a nei tur a ni. Fu hrisel atangin a chi lak tur a ni a,
chuvangin red rot (a chhung sen), wilt leh smut natna vei atanga a chi lak loh tur a ni a, a
kung nget pawh a chi lak nan thlan loh tur. A theih hram chuan red rot natna vei awmlohna
fu hmun atang ngeia a chi lak tur a ni.
Table 30 :
Characteristic Co 86032
Nayana Co 8371
Co 94008 Shyama
Co 2001-13 Sulabh
Co 99004 Damodar
Cane yield (t/ha) 120 117.70 120 108.60 116.82
CCS (t/ha) 15.09 15.22 15.51 14.73 16.09
Sucrose (%) 19.19 18.62 18.02 19.03 19.21
Jaggery A1 A1 A1
Smut Resistant Resistant Mod-Resistant
Wilt Mod-Resistant
Red rot Mod-Resistant, field tolerance
Mod-Resistant
Drought Tolerant Mod-Resistant
Water logging Tolerant
Table 31 : Fu feh chi (Chewing Variety) :
Sl. No.
Varieties Maturity Cane
Yield t/ha
Gur recovery
%
Sucrose content
Special Feature
1. Co 7401 Early and Mid early
60-70 - 18-20
2. Co 1148 Early and Mid early
60-71 - 18-21
3. Co 7107 Early and Mid early
60-72 - 18-22
Fu chi tha nei tur chuan a hranpaa fu chi tur a hmuna siam a tha. Tam tham kan
mamawh dawn phei chuan siam ngei a tha a, tunlai phei chuan fu huan siam thar tur tan
pawh fu chi duhtawk hmuh tur a vang thin hle a ni. Hei vang hian duhtui a har phah thin a,
a awm apiang lak a ngai a, a tha lo leh hrisel lo lak tel a awl bawk. A chi a hralh hi kurtaia
hralh aiin a hlawk zawk thei bawk.
Fu tlawn chanve ler lam emaw hmun thuma thena a ler lam hmun hnih atangin a chi
lak tur a ni. A tlangpuiin a bul lam aiin a mit a nung tha, a chawr duhin a chawr hma zawk
bawk. Hei hi a la no vang leh sucrose a pai tam zawk vang a ni. Duhdan takah chuan fukung
thla 8-10 vel upa atanga a chi lak a tha. Mitam takin a ler an duh laiin Kawnpui leh fu
chinguar khua a fu huan nei thil chik miten phun atan an duh lo. A chawr hma nain a thang
tha lo zawk an ti. Chhipphir leh Bungtlang khuaa huan neitu thenkhat erawh chuan fu chi
dang ang bawkin phun ila sawisel tur a awm lo, a chawr hma si, a tha a ni an ti thung.
FU CHI BUATSAIH LEH DAMDAWIA CHIAH :
Fu chi atana kan thliahin a hnah ro kan paih laiin a mit tichhe lo tura fimkhur taka a
hnah hlawi tur. Sawi tawh angin fu chi chu mit 2 emaw 3 emaw nei tura tan thliah thliah
tur a ni.
Fu chi te chu Captan emaw Mancozeb damdawi 0.2% a dal a siam tuiah emaw
Carbendazim 0.1 % a dal a siam tuiah emaw phun hma a chiah phawt tur a ni. Hetia fu chi
chiah a lakchhuah hian a tui a lo tlem tial tial a, a chanve vela a kiam hnuah a tir a mi anga
chhun khah leh thin tur a ni. A damdawi tak lam pawh a ngai reng a ni tur a ni. Hei hi fu
natna laka veng tura tih a ni. Fanghmir leh tlumpi laka veng turin chlorpyriphos hman a tha
hle. DDT emaw BHC emaw hman hauh loh tur.
FU HMUN THLAN DAN LEH BUATSAIH DAN :
Fu hmun atan chuan leitha, hmunhma rem leh tuitlin theihlohna ram kan thlang tur
a ni. Mizoramah hian fu huan kan siamin thingtlang lovah kan ching bera, phaizawl emaw
leiletah phei chuan kan la ching ngailo ni berin a lang. Phaizawlah chuan khawl emaw
bawng leh lawi emaw hmanga lei leh hnu hrut rual tawhah a thlurin lei rihkhuar tur a ni a,
tah chuan fu chi a tlara tlar tur a ni. Thingtlang lovah erawh chuan fu bi tur tuthlawhin an
lai hmasa thung thin.
Chutianga fu chinna tur a thlura an rihkhuar chu cm 75-90 a inhlata tih tur a ni a, chu
chu ft. 2.5-3.0 a inhlat tihna a ni. A zau zawng pawh cm 25, chu chu inch 10 a zau a ni a, a
thuk zawng pawh cm 20, chu chu inch 8 a ni.
Fu chingtu thenkhatin fu phun nghal mai dawn loh chuan a khur laih lawk an duh lo,
lei a rova fu chi a thi duh an ti. Phun chawpa laih erawh chu a buaithlak a, laihlawk tluk a
awm lo, rial reilo ila, chubakah ruah sur hnaih emaw, a sur banah a khur laih saah phun ila
a tha mai.
Tlangramah erawh chuan fu bi emaw a khur kan lai thin a, kan lai zau tawk lo fo. Kan
fu chin tur azirin a tlar inkar ft. 4-6 a inhlat a tlar a a bi inkar ft 3-4 vela laih tur a ni. A tlar
leh a bi inkar hlat zawng hi fu chin tur bakah a ram rem leh remloh danin a rel thei bawk. A
khur laih that hian fu biah leitha a lo tling khawm a, fu a tlu kar lo bawka, chuvangin lian
deuh leh thuk deuhva laih a, a tlar leh a bi inkar mumal taka rem tur a ni. Hei hian
hlothlawh, leitha pek, futhliah leh put khawm bakah kawng hrang hrangah tangkaina a nei
a ni. Fu tlar hi mual dung tan zawnga rem tur a ni. A bi hi inzawn thlap se a tha a, lungthu
anga laih pawh a pawi lo, a tlar leh a bi a inzawn dawn tho chuan.
FU PHUN HUN :
Thingtlang lovah chuan kangvarah March thla atanga May thla chhung hi fu phun
hun a ni. March thla chhunga fu phun zawh hman hi fu huan siamtu thenkhatin an fak hle,
tlumpi leh fanghmir lakah a him an ti.
Phairam leileta fu an chinnaah chuan kum khatah phun hun pahnih an nei a, a hmasa
chu March thla a ni a, tuipek tur a awm chuan January thla chawhnu lam leh February thla
vela phun hi an fak. Keini pawh leiletah te phun ve ila, March vel hi kan tan phun hun a ni
ang. A hnuhnung zawk autumn planting an tih chu October vel hi a ni a, buh thar rang seng
zawh vel anih chu. Fu tlar karah thlasik thlai, tel antam leh thlai dang chin a remchang
bawk.
FU PHUN DAN LEH A CHI MAMAWH DAN :
1. Pit Method : Hei hi a khur emaw a bi laia fu phun hi a ni. Fu chi mit 2 emaw 3
emaw nei chu a bi-ah chuan a khampheiin an dah a leiin an vur nghal thin. Fu chi chu a ler a
mi a nih chuan a awnin an phun thung a, a ler lam hi chung lama dahin lei chungah a lawr
thin. Sawi tawh angin fu ler a chi atana lak a, a awna lei chunga a lawra phun hi mi tam
takin an duh lova, fu chi dang ang bawka leia phum eawh chu an duh thung. Fu phun hma
hian a chi chu damdawia chiah hmasak phawt tur a ni. Phun hma emaw phun zawh chiaha
tuipek theih a nih chuan duhthusam a ni. Fu tlar inkar hi ft 4-6 a inhlat nise, a tlara a bi
inkar hi ft 3-4 vel ni bawk sela a tawk. A tlar leh a bi inkar mumal taka laih hi kawng hrang
hrangin a tangkai. Khaw tam berah fu huan neituten bi khatah pakhat an phun laiin khaw
thenkhatah pahnih (2) an phun a, an fak bawk. Fu chi erawh chu ngah tawk a ngai deuh
ang. }henkhat erawh chuan bi 1 ah 6-8 lai an phun bawk.
2. Flat Method : Flat Method ah chuan leilehna (local plough or cultivator) hmangin
inch 3-4 a thuk an hrut khuar a, tah chuan fu chi te chu insi patin an tlar a, rih vurin an hrut
rual nghal thin. Fu tlar inkar hi ft 2𝟏𝟐 - ft 3 a inhlat ni rawhse. Hetianga fu chinna tur chuan
ram zawl emaw ram rem, tui lak nen a chawm theihna hmun emaw chutiang anih em loh
pawhin hmunhma rem a tih chi a ni a, a lei pawhin hnawng pawm thei deuh nise a tha. Sub
Tropical ram, tui lak nen a chawm theihna hmunah uar taka fu chingtuten hetiang hian fu
an ching thin. Thlai dang nen a chin kar thlak (intercropping) pawh a rem.
3. Furrow Method : Inch 4-6 a thukin a thlurin lei an hrut khuara, chutiang atana
hmanrua chu sugarcane ridger an ti a. Hmanraw remchang dang pawh a hman theih tho.
Chung lei hrut khuarah chuan fu chi insi patin an tlar thin. A chanve velin an rihvur a, a
chanve dang erawh chu chhilh lovin an dah phawt thin. Hetia fu chi leia vur veleh hian tui
an pe zui nghal bawk thin. Furrow method hi tui remchen a ngaihna hmun, leithawl deuh
leh tlema ram awihtlan deuh hmuna fu phun dan atan a tha.
FU CHI MAMAWH ZAT :
Flat Method leh Furrow Method a fu kan phun dawn chuan hectare khat hmunah fu
chi 45,000-52,000 (65-75 qtl) a ngai a, Pit Method-ah erawh chuan a ngai tlem deuhva,
hectare khat hmunah tho, bi khata pahnih zel phunin 8700 vel a ngai a, bi khatah pakhat zel
kan phun erawh chuan 4500 vel a tawk. Fu huan nei thin thenkhat ten bi khata 2 phun hi
ngai an ti hauh lo.
LEI}HA PEK :
Fu hi leitha heh tak a ni a. Thar hlawk tur chuan leithaa chawm that hle a ngai.
Nitrogen pek tur emaw pek ngai chanve hi organic manure hmanga pek tur a ni. Organic
manure (FYM) emaw compost pek tur zat hi fu huan hectare khat a zauvah qtl 100 vel a ni
a, chu chu fu khur emaw a chinna tur rihkhuarah phun hmaa lo pek lawk tur a ni. Organic
manure bakah a hnuaia fertilizer pek tur zat ang hi pek tur a ni.
Table 32 :
Nutrient Pek ngai zat
(kg/ha) Fertilizer pek tur
Fertilizer pek tur zat (kg/ha)
N 135 Urea 300
P2O2 70 SSP 440
K2O 60 MOP 100
Or
Urea 235
DAP 150
MOP 100
Fu phun hmain Phosphorus leitha zawng zawng leh Potash leitha zatve hi uluk taka
lei nena chawhpawlhin a khurah lo pek hmasak vek tur a ni. Nitrogen leitha erawh chu
hmun hniha thenin 1/3 chu fu phun ruala pek tur a ni a, a bang 2/3 chu fu bi/khur rihvur
hmasak ruala pek leh tur a ni. Potash leitha chanve la awm pawh hi urea leitha 2/3 pek
rual hian pek tur a ni. Nitrogen fertilizer te hi fu phun atanga ni 90-100 chhungin pek zawh
vek tur a ni. Fimkhur leh dik taka pek tur a ni a, pek tlemin fu tharin a tlakhniam phaha, pek
tam luat lahin a sucrose pai tlahniam in fu quality a tichhe bawk si. Nitrogen pek tam
vangin fu in a tluk phah thin a, a puitlin har phah thin bawk, chu chu thliah hun a thlen har
phah tihna a ni.
Mizoramah te hi chuan fu huan hi kum 5 atanga kum 8 thlengte pawhin kan enkawl
thin a, chuvangin leitha pawh hi a chunga kan sawi ang lo deuhva pek a tul ang, chu chu
chik taka zir a ngai ang. A chhan chu a chunga leitha pek dan kan sawi khi chu fu phun
kuma thliah zawh a her zawh vek tur chawmna tura chhut a nih vang a ni. Fu thliah leh her
zawh hnuah lei hnawn laiin kum tina fertilizer pe tura inngaih a tha ang. A kum hnihna
atang hian nitrogen fertilizerte hi a hmaa kan pek aia zaa 25 (%) a sanga pek tur a ni a,
Phosphorus leh Potash leitha te pawh hectare khat hmunah kg 60 kan pe thin tur a ni.
FU Bl AWL HNAWHKHAH :
Kan fu phun zawng zawng kha a chawr vek kher lo thei a, a chawr pawhin rintlak loh
pawh a awm thei. A bi awl hi a tha lo hle mai a. Chuvangin hnawhkhah leh zel a tha. Hei hi a
kum hnih leh thumnaah pawh hriatreng tur a ni.
CHINAI THI HMAN :
Kan ram lei hi a thur a, chinai thi hman a tha. Hman zat tur chu lei test result in hril
se, hectare khatah 10-20 qtl vel hmang ila a tawk ang. Fu phun hmaa bi laih lai emaw, lei
leh laia phul tur a ni. Leithur lutukin fu san lamah nghawng a nei a, a peng a titlem bawk.
Chinai thi hman a that avangin kum tina pek a ngai chuang lo, kum 3-4 dana pek tur a ni.
BIOFERTILIZER HMAN :
Biofertilizer hman hi a hlawk hle. Chung zingah chuan Azospyrillum leh
Phosphobacteria te an ni. A hman zat tur chu hectare khata zau fu huan atan kg 5 ve ve a
tawk. Biofertilizer hi a tui chi (liquid) pawh a awm a, chutiang chu drip irrigation hmanga
pek a remchang. Chutiang anih loh vek chuan Biofertilizer kg 1 tui litre 100 a chawhtuia fu
chi minute 30 chhung chiah a phun zui tur a ni. Biofertilizer hman dan dang leh chu ran ek
leitha emaw compost emaw pressmud tihdip nena tha taka chawhpawlh fu bula pek a ni.
Biofertilizer kg 1 leh chutiang leitha kg 500 chawhpawlh a tawk. Hetia kan pek zawh hian
leia rih vura, tui pek zui a ngai a, a nih loh vek chuan leihnawn laia pek a tha, biofertilizer
ten hnawng an mamawh ve avangin. Fimkhur ngai chu biofertilizer leh rannung thahna
tûrte, hlo tûrte leh chemical fertilizer te kan hman pawlh tur a ni lo. Kar a tla tur a ni a,
chemical fertilizer leh biofertilizer hman inkarah ni 10 tal a tla tur a ni.
RIHVUR :
Fu phun hnu thla 1-2 ah fu bi emaw a khurte chu rihvur sek tur a ni. A vawihnihna
chu a vawikhatna atanga thla 1-2 velah bawk rihvur leh tur a ni. A vawihnihna hi fu pen
vanglai, ruah hmasa lo thlen huna tih turah a ngaih theih bawk. Hetia rihvur hian fu peng
tlai khawhnu a dang thei bawk. Rihvur hian a khuar lai kha a pawng zawkah a lo tang a, a
bul vel a hmaa pawng zawk kha a khuar Iaiah a lo chang thin. Chu chu phaizawl emaw,
leilet zawlah chuan tui kawngah a hman theih a, Chutiang a nih loh pawhin tui tam lutuk
paih nan a tangkai. Mizoram fu chingtu thenkhat chuan fu bul rihvur nasat hian a zung a lo
pawnlang tial tial a, a tlukar duh an ti a, rihvur an duh lo.
THLAI VENHIM :
1. Thlai eichhetute :
a) Tlumpi, fanghmir leh vual - Tlumpi hian phun hlim atangin a bei nghal a, a hnah
hnuai hnung a lo ro hmasa thin. Malathion 5% dust fu huan hectare 1-a zau atan kg 20-24
fu khurah phul tur. Chlorpyriphos 20EC 0.2% a dal pawh leih emaw kahin emaw tlumpi,
fanghmir leh vual a thah theih.
b) Wooly aphids, Mealy bugs leh Thrips - A eng ber pawh lo lang se a lo lan hun
hunah a hnuaia tûr engber emaw hi hman tur a ni. Wooly aphid a awm chuan a rang a
rangin sooty mould a awm zui loh nan control dan ngaihtuah nghal tur a ni.
Table 33 :
Insecticide Hectare 1-a hman tur zat A pawlhna tur tui ngai zat (I)
Malathion 1.5 lit 800
Phosphamidon 400-500 ml 800
Dimethoate 1.01 lit 800
2. NATNA :
a) Red rot : Red rot natna vei fu chu a rova, a thi zui thin. Fu chu vuaiin a sawng a. A
hnah leh a kau a rova, fu chu a laia phel chuan a senin a kap a, a nasat phei chuan a sen vek
thin.
Buaipui dan :
i) Red rot vei fu hung chu a zung nen lam pawh phawi a hal ral tur.
ii) Chutiang natna vei chu zuah a, a kum leh atan pawha enkawl zui hauh loh tur.
iii) Chutianga Red rot vei chu kan thliak anga kan her zung zung tur a ni.
iv) Red rot awmna ah chuan crop rotation tih ngei tur a ni.
v) Fu chi atan pawh Red rot vei lo ngei hman tur, a tihdam theihloh.
b) Wilt :
He natna hi fur ruahsur hnuah a lo lang deuh ber thin. Wilt natna vei fu hungte chu a
mal emaw tam deuh pawh nise a thang thei lova, a ler lama hnahte a lo eng thin. A nasat
phei chuan a kung pumpui a rova, a kung kawrawng a, a zan pawh a zang bawk.
Buaipui dan :
Red rot natna buaipui dan ang tho.
TUI PEK :
Fu hian tui a mamawh tam hle mai a, a enkawlna atana senso za a 30 (%) dawn hi tui
ngaihtuahna atana hman a ni. Chutichung chuan fu chauh hi khawkheng/Khawro tuar
chunga tha tawk tak thar thei awmchhun thlai a ni. Tui mamawh titlem thei zawnga fu
huan enkawl dan awm ang ang pawh a sawt hle tih a hriat theih.
Vawikhat pek khawp chiah tui a awm anih chuan a peng pathumna a chawr huna pek
tur a ni. Tui tum hnih pek khawp a awm anih erawh chuan a peng pahnihna leh pathumna
a lo lanin pe ila fuin a chhawr ber hun a ni. Tui tum thum a peng hmasa ber, a dawttu leh a
pathumna pen laia pek hi a hlawkin duhthu a sam ber.
A pek dan thuah chuan fu chinna tura rihkhuar zawn zel (furrow) a pek hi phaizawlah
chuan a tha. Tlangram hmun awih deuhva fu kan ching anih erawh chuan pipe emaw
hmanraw remchang dang hmangin fu bi/khur taka pek a tha.
HLO THLAWH :
Hlo thlawh hmasa ber (hnuh thual) chu fu phun hnu chawlhkar 3-4 velah nise, hei hi
tuthlawh nen kuta tih a tha ber. Tunlaiah hi chuan fu huana hman tur hlo tûr chi hrang
hrang a lo awm ta bawk. Fu huana hman atan chuan hnim chawr hma a hman chi Atrazine
hectare khat hmuna kg 2 a.i. a taka kah phawta, chumi zawhah hnim chawr hnua hman chi,
hlo hnahbial thahna 2,4D hectare khata zau atan kg 1 a.i. a hisapin fu phun hnu ni 60 velah
kah leh tur a ni. Hetianga hlo tûr kah hian hlo a fai tha duh hle. A hnu lam atan kuta thlawh
emaw hlo tûr bawk hman zui theih a ni. Fu huana hman chi hlo tûr dang chu Alachlor leh
Atrazine (hlo lan hma a hman chi bawk hectare khat a zau fu hmuna kg 1-2 ai a hisap te,
Glyphosate leh Paraquat hectare khat hmuna litre 0.25 -0.5 ai a hisapa kah tur a ni. Heng hi
tui nena pawlh tur a ni. Glyphosate hian hlo engpawh a thah theih avangin fimkhur taka
kah tur a ni. Paraquat leh 2,4D chawhpawlha fu phun hnu ni 15 leh 45 a kahin hnim a veng
tha hle.
Tuthlawh nena hlo thlawh hi lei ti dura boruak inpekkual velna pui tur leh tuiin lei a
tihhnawn rual theih nan pawh a tangkai em em a ni. Chubakah fu bula leitha pek lei nena a
inchawhpawlh that theihna atan a tul bawk.
Kum khat emaw a aia reilova thar thlaite aiin fu hian hnim chim a haw daih a, a chhan
chu a tlar leh bi kar zauh vangte, a tir lama a than chak loh vangte a ni ber. Scientist-ten an
hmuh danin fu phun tirh lama fu huan hnim vangin hectare 1 hmun chauhvah pawh a thar
ton 17.5 - 23.7 laiin a kiam thei. Hruizamin a bawm lek phei chuan ton 25 laiin a kiam thei.
SBI a Scientist te hmuhdan phei chuan fu aiin hnimin a let li zetin Nitrogen leh Phosphorus
an chuhchak zawk a, Potash pawh a let 2.5 laiin an chuhchak zawk bawk. Hei vang hian hlo
thlawh hi ngaih pawimawh a ngai em em a ni.
Hetiang tak anih avang hian fu phun thar kumah chuan phun hnu ni 30-45 inkar hi hlo
ngaihmawh awm zual hun a ni a, kum 2-na atang chuan fu thliah hnu ni 30-90 chhung hi fu
hmun thlawhfai ngaihzual lai a ni. Hei hi a lo chawr leh tiah tirh lai vel a ni.
A HNAHRO PAIH LEH FU }AWNKHAWM :
Fu hnahro te hi phihthlak thin a tha a, fu tlar kara dah tur a ni. Hei hian lei atanga
hnawng kal ral tur a ven bakah hlo a dip ve a, lei a ti tha bawk. A thu hrimah a ler lam
atanga chhiar a a hnah 8-10 vel hi awm se a tawk mai.
Fu hi a lo puitlin hnu hian a tlu duh hle mai a, a tluk loh pawhin leiah a zal nasa thei
hle mai a, hei hian fu leh a tui quality a tichhe thei tih hria ila. Leitha pek tam luat vangte,
thli tleh vangte, ruah tam vangte pawhin fu a tlu thei a, a ven nan a theih ang angin kan
phuar khawm tur a ni a, anih loh pawhin mau leh thingtuai te sawhin a tlu tur dan nan
ruahmanna kan siam thiam ang ang kan hmang tur a ni. A hnah rovin hung khat te tein an
tawn bawk thin.
FU PENG TLAI LEH WATERSHOOT :
Fu in than a lak vanglai takin khawi lai Iaiah emaw fu chawr chhah telh tulh thang
duh bik hmuh tur a awm thin a. Hei hi watershoot an ti a. A puitling thuai a, a than chhung
a rei loh avangin a tui quality pawh a tha lo. Tin, fu in a than vanglai a pelh hnuah si hian tui
kawng bulah te, bial sirah te khawi lai laiah emaw fu bul thlenga ni eng a luh that theihna
laiah fu peng khawtlai a lo chawr tuam tuam thei a. Fu puitling tawh atangin chaw an lo ei
chhawng bawk thin a, fu thliah hunah chang 4-5 vel an lo nei hman tâwk thin. Heng hi fu
thliah ruala thliah a her tel anih hian futui quality a ti chhia a, chu chuan kurtai leh chini
pawh a ti hlawk lo. A hma lama kan sawi tak anga kum khat a seng zawh vek atana leileta fu
chingtu tan phei chuan heng hi seng telve lohva, ran chaw atan an than len hmaa thliah
zawk tur a ni. Keini fu huan enkawl dan angah chuan heng hi fu thliahin dim a ngai hle
thung a, a hnuah duat taka enkawl zui tur a ni thung. Watershoot erawh chu paih ngei tur a
ni.
THLAI DANG NENA CHIN PAWLH :
Fu tlar kar leh a bi inkar hi a zauh em avangin thlai dang lo chin ve hi a rem viau mai a.
Behlawi, alu, vaimim, mung leh thlai dang pawh a chin theih. Hetianga fu tlar leh a bi kara
thlai dang chin avang hian hlo thlawh hau tak pawh a ziaawm phah a, a tir lamah phei
chuan za a 60 laiin hlo thlawh hi ngai nep zawka chhut a ni. Thlai dang lo chin ve avang
hian nasa takin ram kan hmang tangkaiin kan hlawkpui tih hria ila, thlai chin tur erawh chu
thlan thiam a tha ang.
FU THLIAH :
Fu hi a puitlin hnuah chauh seng tur a ni a, fu par chi anih chuan a par atanga thla hnih
chhunga thliah vek tur. Thliah hian bul takah chauh sah chhum tur a ni. Fu thliak te pawh
kan ti thin a, a bula tha taka tih tliah a har a, a bul a phawng duh bawk a, chem. emaw
hmanraw dang pawh a hman theih. A bula a zung tihfai vek tur a ni a, a ler lamah pawh a
thliah awlsamna chinah kan paih tur a ni a, fu hnah reng reng kan phih thla fai vek tur a ni.
Lei, a zung leh thildang then fai loh hian fu tui, kurtai leh chini quality a ti chhe duh.
Tui lian, kangmei leh vur tla tihchhiat a awm chuan seng hmasakah kan hmang ngei
tur a ni a. Tin, fu chu a par a nih chuan seng thuai a ngai bawk.
Fu thliah zawh veleh her zui mai ila a hlawk bera, darkar 24 chhung bak her lohva dah
loh tur. Dah rei chuan a tui a tlem tial tiala, a sucrose pai pawh a tlahniam chak hle a ni.
Chubakah fu sahna hnuhmaah hmuar a lo to thuai bawk. Hetiang anih chuan kurtai leh
chini a siam pawh a ti buaithlak thei. Her lohva dahrei poh leh a tui a tlem in a hlawk lo a ni
tih hria ila.
Fu thliah huna thil thalo awm thei pumpelh dan tur engemawzat ala awm a,
chungte chu :
1. Fu puitling lo emaw naupang lutuk leh upa lutuk thliah loh a tha.
2. Thliah hnua chhe rang bik fu variety ho chu rang taka thiar khawm tur.
3. Khawlum leh nisat lai chuan fu thliahsa te chu daihlima dah tur.
4. Fu thliahsa te chu fu hnah emaw chhawl emaw a khuh a, a tihnawng tura tuia tih huh
thin tur.
5. Fu tanna hmawrah biocide thenkhat Polycide 2ml tui litre khat a pawlh emaw bactrinol
-100 ppm a dala siama fu thliahsa dahkhawm a mi kahin a chhe tur darker 120 a veng
thei.
6. A hmawr leh lam leh lam tanna kha sucroguard a chiahin a sugar pai za a 0.9 (%)
thlengin a chawikang leh thei, a chhan chu hei hian futuia microbial population
(mitlawnga hmuh theih loh hrik) za a 70 laia a tih tlem vang ni.
FU TUI TIH THIANGHLIMNA :
Futui kurtai atana kan chhuan hian a bal thei fu a, hemi tifai a, tithianghlima kurtai
hmel timawi thei tura telh chi te chu.
1. Thlai lam :
1) Bawrhsaiabe leh deola kung leh a zung
2) Phalsa leh semul thing pil hring
3) Suklai pil ro
4) Mutih, badam leh bekang chi/mu
5) A tam lam chu futui litre 100 ah gm 40-70 pawlh ila a tawk.
2. Chemical :
Engemawzat a awm a, mihring taksa tan a that loh avang leh kurtai a tih tui loh theih
bakah a kawl that rei theih loh phah a, hman atan a tha lo.
FU PAR DAN DAN :
Fu par hi a duhawm loh, fu thar a ti hlawk lova, a quality a tihniam bawk. Chuvangin
theih leh thiam ang anga dan emaw tih tlem tum tur a ni. A tihdan lar deuh deuh te chu :
1) Fu par lo chi ngaihtuah a, chin tum tur, A ehhan chu a par chi anih chuan a vai pawhin
a par mai zel vang a ni.
2) Fu phun hun sawnin a par a ti tlem thei. Chu chu phun tlai deuh tur tihna ni ber.
Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) ah chuan May thla hnua phun chu an phun kumin
November thlaah a par lova, a kum lehah erawh chuan a par leh tho. Chutiang chuan
April - May thla vela an phunin fu a par lo.
3) Tui pek tlem : Tui pek nena fu an chinin lei hnawng hi fu tipar duhtu tak niin an hria a,
a par hma thlakhat vel tui an pe lova, chu chuan fu par a titlem thei. Mahse, keini
ruahtui tamna ramah hi chuan a sawt kher lovang.
4) Damdawi hman : Hlo tûr Diquat 225 g emaw Paraquat 175 g fu huan hectare khat
hmuna July chawlhkar thumna vela hmanin fu a par miah lova, fu kung leh chini thar a
pung hle tih SBI Scientist ten an hmu. Chutiang bawkin Ethrel (ethephone) 0.25 kg/ha
(500 ppm) July thla a hmanin fu par 50-100% in a tlem thei. Damdawi pawlh dan 100
ml tui 100 litre a pawlh in acre khat a zau kah nan a tawk, a kah hun hi hmun hrang
hrangah a dang thei anga, mahse, July-August inkara an enchhinna a ni.
