Văn hiến Việt Nam số tháng 12 năm 2011

5/13/2018 V n hi n Vi t Nam s th ng 12 n m 2011

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"Vi s t / . ton vong? A' Aeua ehe do

Tong Sfthu Nguyen PhuTrong phat bieu tai Hoi nqh], Anh: Chinhphu.vnNgElY 26/12/2011, Hoi nghi Ian thir IV Ban

Chap hanh Trung u'elng Dang khoa XI khai mactai Hi Noi. Mot trong nhung noi dung trongtam cua hoi nghi la xem xet ra nghi quyet: MotsO'van d~ cap bach v~ xay du'ng Dang trong tinhhinh hien nay.

Phat bieu khai mac Hoi nghi, To'ng Bi thuNguy~n Phu Trong neu ro: Sau mot thoi gianchuan bi, din cu vao nhan dinh trong van kienDai h(ii XI va thuc te' tinh hinh trong nu'oc, the'giCIi co nlurng dien bien moi, xem xet D~ an motsO' van d~ dp bach v~ xay dung Hing trongtinh hinh hien nay, B(i Chinh tri kien nghi Trunguong chon ba van d~ dang thirc su ca'p bach, dnLim ngay, voi mong mu6n tao ra duoc nhungke't qua cu th~, ro ret Mcung cO' niem tin cuacan bo, dang vien va nhan dan.

Ba van d~ do la:1- Ngan chan, da'y lui tinh trang suy thoai v~

tu tu'Clng chinh tri, dao dire, 16i s6ng cua mot b(iphan khong nho can bo, dang vien, nhat la canbe) Ianh dao, quan ly cac cap,

2 - Xay dung d(ii ngu can b(i lanh dao, quanly, nhat la CIca'p trung uong, dap ung yeu caucua su' nghiep cong nghiep hoa. hien dai hoa vahoi nha P qu6c te'.

3 - Xac dinh ro tha'm quyen, trach nhiern canhan ngu'Cii dung dSu dp uy, chinh quyen vam6i quan Mvoi tap th~ cap uy, co quan, don vi.

Theo To'ng Bi thu Nguyen Phu Trong. xaydirng. chinh don Dang la corig vie c M trcngnhung ra't kho, ra't phuc tap, vi no lien quan de'nxay dung to' chirc, xay dung con nguoi, la congtac con ngu'Cii, d~ dung cham de'n danh du', IQ'iich, quan h~ cua con ngirci. KM nhung khorigthe' khorig lam, vi no lien quan de'n sinh menhcua Dang va su t6n vong cua che' do.

Truce yeu cau moi cua nhiern vu each m~ng,truoc thuc trang mot sO' ye'u kern, khuyet diern,han hie nao he't, Dang ta cang phai dac biet coitrong hem nua nhiern vu xay dung Dang nhuDai hQi XI da chi ra, phai tao btroc chuyen thucsu trong cong tac nay. Di~u quan trqng co ynghia quyet dinh la: Ban Chap hanh Trung uongphai co quyet tam ra't 16'n, co su' thong nhatrat cao, co bien phap thu'c hien quyet liet, khathi, chi dao chat chi" veri mot phuong phap tu'duy dung d~n, tinh tao, binh tinh, khorig cuedoan, khOng d~ cac the' lire xau IQ'i dung, xuyentac, kich d(ing, pha hoai va khOng duoc M anhhu'ling de'n viec thuc hien cac nhiern vu chinh trithuong xuyen ... VHVN


2/71

TSIPchi xuat ban 02 ky/thangKy chinh fa ngay 25 hang thangKy chuven ae'Van hoa - Kinh til ' fa ngay 15Giay phcp hoat dong bao chi so 397/GP-BVHTT;so 41/GP-SDBSTO'a50',,"n - Tri 5V52 Huang Vien - quan Hai Ba Tmng - Ha NQiDT&Fax: 04.39764693Website: vanhien.vnEmail: [email protected]

[email protected] phong Ban chuyen MSo 6 -10 12B Trung Yen - Trung Hoa - Ha NQiDT/Fax: 04.37831962CO'quan dai dien tai TP.HCM288B,An Duong Vuong, Quan 5, TP.HCMDT: 08.8353878CO'quan dai dien tai mi~n Trung va Tay Nguyenla'ng 5 Khach san Eiffe1,ll7 Le DQ,Da NiingDT: 0511. 647529Fax: 0511. 811972Chu nhiemGS Hoang ChuongTang bien t~pTS Pham Vi~t LongPhO Tang Bien t~p Thuorig trueNB Nguy~n The'KhoaPhO Tang Bien t~pTS Nguy~n Minh SanNB Tran Due TrungTruong ban Tri 5VNB Nguy~n Hoang MaiCiam d6c CO'quan dai dien tai TP.HCMNB VOThanh TanThu ky toa soanNB TuMy SonNB ThuHienHqi dang Bien t~pThUQ11guang Nguyer: Nam Khanh, GS Vfi Khieu,GS.NSND Tran Bang, GSTSTran ViinKhe,GS Truong Luu, GSVSHe; S1Vinh, NB Ph


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C o n t e n t sD E CE M B E R - 2 01 1

4. The 19th December Day and news GIANG NGUYEN THAIlessons to innovative task 38. Miss poetThu BonTOP - RANKING GENERAL VO NGUYEN GIAP NGUYEN TRONG TAO6. Image of soillders of the National 41. Spirit of Hue regionDefense Army in poem from 1945 to1954 PHAM MINH HIEN

44. Creative inspiration flaring up in aloneTHUY HUONG DUONG

46. ButToe - the poet of Sayvil lageMINH THANH

48. Sieu Hai with "The pen in mirror"TAN LlNH

52. "Floating lives"from story to filmNGUYEN PHUONGTHAO54. To extend to dance to illustrate on the

stage of Reformed Theatre

DANG HIEN9.Tran Mai Ninh and poem "Miss blood"

THANHTHAO12. "Hanoi people" - forever sing of theday of all the country to carry out a war ofresistance

PHUONG ANH14. Hoang Quy and the fire "To echo"

NGUYEN THUY KHA15.Violet chrysopogon

NGUYEN THI MINH LOC16. Communists always dare look straightin the right

NGOCANH56.To be deeply attached to Tho culture

LEBA LIEU58.The 13foots of ancient tree-the uniquelandscape of Hai Phong city

NGUYEN NGOC18. Phan Thanh Gian - the life, career andhistory tragedy NGOCANH60. Come back to Hoai An

PROF. HOANG CHUONG62. Water puppet with traffic culture

NGOCANH64. The poetry sailof versifier Do Chieu

PROF.PHAN HUY LE22. The specific moving-openningstructure grasps national traditional musicthoroughly

MICHQUANG30. Mong Van - the genius author on thestage of Reformed Theatre 68. November in Bali city

TRAN PHUOCTHUAN34. Remember painting in the Five mil iaryzone theatre of war

N.NICULIN

DANG NHAT MINH70. Buring tailor-made kimoni dress

REPORTER


4/71

SW KI~NB1NH LU.0,N

Ngay 19/12 va nhii'ng bai hoc thO'i st!cho conq cU9C d6imol8AI TV0NGVO NGUYEN GIApThang 12/1946, d~t nuoc ta dung tnroc mottinh the' he't sire nghiern trong, Thuc danPhap da tam tro' Iai xarn hroc nuoc ta motIan nua. Nam B9 Thanh d6ng to' quoc da phaino' sung danh nhau voi quart Phap tu' 23/9/1945.Khanh Hoa Trung B9 da l~p mat tran ch6ng laiquan Phap ngay giua thanh phd Nha Trang tu23/10/1945. e _ 1 mien Bik loi dung lam nhiern vutie'p phOng thay quan Tuong, quan Phap da co mat0 ' khap cac dia ban xung ye'u, til thu do Ha N9ide'n tEltca thanh pho, thi xa, san bay, ben cang.

Ouan va dan HaNQichien dau, qianh gi~ty6'i dich tUngg6c nha , duang pho ( thanq 12-1946). Anh: TTXVNThang 11/1946, chung da danh chiern Har

Phong va Lang Son. d thu do Ha N9i, chung dagay sire ep, de doa, khieu khich, no' sung nhieunoi ban vao b9 d9i ta, nhan dan ta. Tinh hinh cueky ding thang. Tu' sau khi ke thu gay han l'lNamB9, bi'it d~u thuc hien am muu xam hroc, Bac H6va Dang ta da tim mo ieach dam phan, thuongIirong M tranh cho dEltnucc mot cuoc chien tranh.Khi hanh dong cua ke thu ngay cang tr~ng tron,Bac H6 va Dang ta van tim moi each de' cuu vantinh the' veri tinh than con nucc con tat.

Song, nhu Bac H6 da noi: "Chung ta muonhoa bmh, chung ta phai nhan nhuorig. Nhungchung ta cang nhan nhuong, thuc dan Phap canglan toi, vi chung guye't tam CUll'pnUlic ta m9t l~nnua!". Kien dinh ml;lc tieu d9C l~p dan tQc, n


5/71

Trong gia phut To' quoc lam nguy, loi keu goikhang chien thieng lieng cua Bac H6 nhu mot 100ihich cua non song co' vii tinh than yeu ruroc gu~tkhoi cua c a dan tqc ta dung len ch6ng lai ke thuxam luoc. Tinh than quat khoi guye't chien quyetthling cua ngay toan gu6c khang chien 19/12 dtrccke' tuc va phat huy su6t cuoc khang chien 30 narndanh bai moi ke thu xarn hroc, gianh lai dqc Iap.thong nhat hoan toan cho To' gu6c, nra duoc n6inhuc mat nuoc hang tram nam.

Ngay nay, dan toe ta dang buoc van mot thoiky lich su moi - thai ky tien hanh corig cuoc do'imci vl dai, xay dung da't nucc va bao v~ To' quocvi muc tieu dan giau, nurrc manh, xa hoi congbang, dan chu. van minh, V6 'i thiing lei vt daicua cuoc khang chien 30 nam, mo dau van ngay19/12/1946, Viet Nam da tro' thanh mo t nuoc anhhung, di tien phong trong phong trao giai ph6ngdan toe.

Trai gua 30 nam xay dung, dac biet la 20 namdo'i mail da't nucc da dat duoc nhtrng thanh tuu toIon, co y nghra lich sir. Tuy nhien. nucc ta van conla mot nuoc ngheo, khoang each tut hau v~ kinhte' va khoa hoc con xa so vci nhieu nucc trong khuvue va tren the' gioi. Chung ta da gia nhap WTO,8ay la mot buoc tie'n quan trorig trong chu truongchu dqng hqi nhap kinh te' the' gilii; co hoi moi mo'ra, nhu'ng thach thuc moi khorig nho.

Cong cuoc chien thang ngheo nan lac hau xaydung dat nuoc ngay cang giau manh, dan chu,cong bang, van minh, lam cho nuoc ta trc)' thanhmot nuoc vira anh hung vua giau manh, sanh vai

cung cac cuong quoc narn chau nhu Bac H6 mongmuon la mot nhiem V\! he't sue nang n~, mot thachthirc moi het sire to Ion, doi hoi toan Dang, toandan, toan quan ta phai co mot su n6 luc vuot bac,mot tinh thSn quat khoi mrri.K y niern Ngay toan quoc khang chien 19/12la mot dip de ' chung ta khoi day tinh than yeunuoc va on lai nhtrng bai hoc sau slic cua ngaylich su a'y van dung vao cong cuoc do'i moi xaydlfng va bao v~ to' quoc,

86 la bai hoc v~ tinh than yeu nucc, quat khoicua to an dan toe, truce day la khorig chiu matnurrc, khOng chiu him no l~; ngay nay la khOngchiu ngheo nan va lac hau, khorig chiu tut hauthua kern ban be, dac biet la tren llnh vue kinhte' va khoa hoc cong nghe, phai bao v~ vung chacto' quoc,

86 Ia bai hoc Ianh dao phai bam sat thuc ti>n,danh gia dung tinh hmh, nam dung thai co, chondung mat tran chinh, d~ ra quyet dinh kip thai,dung dan, gianh chu dQng trong the' bi dong.

86 la bai hoc v~ niem tin manh liet vao longyeu ruroc cua nhan dan ta va co du'ang 16i eachm':1ng dung dlin, doan ke't toan dan toe, dong vientoan dan, dua van sue manh to kin cua toan dan,cua c a dan tQc; d6ng thai Dang ta phai luon tienphong gu'o'ng mau d~ giu vung niern tin cua nhandan ta voi 8ang,

Toi nghI rilng nhung bai hoc a'y dang ra't cSnthiet, ra't thai su d6i voi chung ta trong cong cuocdo'i moi xay dung va bao v~ to' quoc Viet Nam xahQi chu nghIa ngay nay",

N han dan Hil N i dung do dac, ta l san dLJng chien lO y tren d U6 'n g, c an b uO ' cxe tang djch (Ph6 Mai Hac De thang 12-1946), A nh : T TX VN


6/71

OlENElAN VAN HIEN

Hinh tu'gngnqirdi chien si Ve quaetrong tho 1945 1954

- ,,?D~NG HIENeach day triJD 87 nam , ngay 22 /12 /1944 , do i V ie t N am tuyen tru yen g ia i phong quan tie n than eua Q uan

d iji N ha n d an V i ~ t N am du 'lte thanh I,p . N gay 22 /12 hang nam tra thanh ngay tru yen thO ng eua Q uan d iji taoQ uan do i N han dan V ie t N am - nhan va t eh inh eua lieh su ' V ie t N am h ien da i cung da tra th anh h inh tu 'o 'ng. . .. .. .dam m it nha t trong tho ' V ie t N am ngay trong g ia i doan dau eua nen van hoc m ui - g ia i doan 1945 -1954 .. . . .

Trong bai tho' "B d~)i 6ng C1;l"cua NongQuoc Chan, him: tuong nguoi chien SI Vi~tNam tuyen truyen giai ph6ng quan da hienlen ra't dang yeu trong cai nhin cung ra't dang yeucua nhan dan cac dan toe l'i din cu dia Cach m~ngVi~t B~c. Nhan dan Vi~t B~c trong nhirng ngaytien khoi nghla a'y da goi b


7/71

co trong tho' ca noi chung va tho' each m~ng noirieng nhat la trong nlutng vgn tho' rna nhan vattru tinh la nguoi linh xuat than tu' hoc sinh HaNQi, dieu rna mot thai, voi tu duy nghi!' thuatkhe khat, xo cting, ta da ngQ nhan, da phe phanla "mong rat", "buon rat", "yeng hung". Thuc rad6 la long yeu thien nhien dift ruroc, yeu cai dep,la chu ngh1a yeu ruroc anh hung cua lap chien sfily, lop chien sl rna ngay nay ta da dung dai kyniem khac ghi chinh nhirng van tho' tren duongTay Tie'n xua: "By Tie'n dosn qutu: khong moeMc/Quan xenii tue u it i du oai hum/Mit tritnggai mQng qua bien g]{ji/Dem mel Hi: NQi dangkiif.u tho'm/Rai Tile bien cueingmd vi@nxu'jLnie'ntru'Ctngdi chAng tie'c aCtixanh/ /\0 bso thay chie'uann vif.aa't/Song Mil gAm len kluic aQc hann".

Chat lang man cua tho' thg; hien khi phach anhhung, duom mau sAc ngang tang cua nguoi Iinhv~qu6c, la dac diem cua tho' v~ nguoi chien synhung narn dau khang chien, 80 cling la phongeach cua bai tho' "Deo Ce" cua Huu Loan khachoa hinh tu'q'ng ngu'l'ii chien si Nam tie'n trongnlurng diu tho' bac thang: "TeSc/rau/trum/vair('mg/khong nMn ra/ngu'eYi lang/Rau khe/co'mvit/ao phai meu sa truCtng/Ngay thau/vU


8/71

OlENElAN VAN HIEN

-"Dling n6' vo' chua? /Dling no? / - T6' con ch(f d(icl,flp/C;i li1 cuai vang ben ruong bifp/Nhin 0 thanTIll ciuii nUo'ng dtiu".

Thuc ra T6 Huu moi 1 < ' 1 nguoi di truoc, di dautrong viec van dung but phap hien thuc va phuongcham dan toe, dai chung trong khac hoa nguoichien si V~ quoc vci cac bai "B rne Vi~t es>, "Cenuoc", "BAm oi"... Trong bei "Ca nuoc", ta thayhinh anh nguoi chien S1"ti tay tren mui sung" nhuxua da ti tay tren can cuoc va trong luc mat anhnhin xa vang thi tieng hat cua ba cu nang dan ruchau a gan do vQng len: "Cbeu oi ciuiu loti vaiba/Bt! may di dinh gi;ficxa chua v~ ... ". Ca cai eachanh noi v~ chien cong cung rEltIinh va rEltnangdan: "R6i Bong Lau, Y La/Ba tram thling tan xec/CaOO cay m6c tbit da/Thoi iOOru:ng Vi~t es:

Su thay deliv~ but phap, su ho a than cua nhatho' vao d6i tuong tru tinh chien S1nang dan trongtho' khang chien da dua de'n mot s6 bai tho' trongtreo khoe khoan d>phd bien nhu "Beo giO' trO'lei", "BM ca V(J' daY cua Hoang Trung Thong. Bai"Bao gid trl1'lai" dieri ta finh quan dan th~m thie'tqua nhung cau tho' nhu tie'ng reo vui cua nhandan nhip theo buoc chan anh bo doiv~ lang: "CecaOO v~ txuii im OOa vui/Tieng Mt cau cuO'i/r(')nrang x6m nho/ Cac anh v~ tung bung truoc ng6/L()'p lc1p dim em h6'n he! thea sau/M~ gia bin tit:eo nau/Vui dan con d rung sau m6'i v~".

Tmh quan dan tharn thiet, do Ia ban chat cuaquan dqi nhan dan, chi quan dqi cua nhan danmoi co duoc, finh cam nay da duo'c nci len trongnhieu hili tho'. Bai tho' "Nho" ella H6ng Nguyenke't thuc b~ng kri k~ cua nguoi linh v~ Cll chiva loi n6i cua nhan dan voi bq doi luc chia tay:"Chung Wi di 006' nha/t cau nil Dan chung dmtay Mc Mc:/D~k l?p oo()' re vien chcti ve)'i chic".Bai "Tham lua" Clla Tran Huu Thung la hili tho'v tinh cam vQ'cMng trong chie'n tranh, ding lahinh anh d~p clla m6i quan h~ giua h~u phuo'ngva tin tuye'n. Sl f h6a than clla tic gia vao cacnhan v~t tru tinh da Wi muc nhuan nhi, di!t hi~uqua tha'mmy cao: "Lua nfu aOO tr,flt dep/ AOO cuisaa v(ii vang/Vu9't canh d6ng tit ngang/De'n bO'ni aOObao:/- Ru~)ng miOO quen cay xao/Nen luachin kh6ng d~u/Nh6' lay de'mua sau/Nha dJ lamcho t(rt/ Xa xa nghe tie'ng hat/ Anh tMy r(in tronglong/sip d~n ch6 nguO'i dong/ AOO bao em ngoail?i ....". Th~t la hinh anh chia tay clla VQ'ch6ngnang dan nam 1950! Nhung di~u co' ban a dayvan la hinh anh, tu the', tam the' clla ngudi chie'nsI Quan dQiNhan dan Vi~t Nam a mQi thO'i:binhthan, li!c quan khi len dudng ra tr~n vi ngudi ra diB

co mot hau phuong tinh cam rEltt6t dep, rEltvungchac tie'p them sue manh,

Trai qua may narn khang chien, voi nha tho',su hoa than vao nhan vat tru tinh nguoi linhkhong con kho khan va khorig lam mo ca tinhsang tao nhat la khi chinh nha tho' cung la nguoilinh. "Chieu rnua duong s8 5" cua Tharn Tam lamot tru'ong hop nhu vay. Tinh cam quan dan, tinhyeu Viet B~c da tro thanh nhung ky niern thanthirong. nhirng Elntuong sau s~c, thanh n6i nho dadie't cua chu th~ tru tinh: /IChiu rnua du'O'ngs85/D6i mit sao dam dam/Chu'a c a trO'i may n;fing/Mi@n Vitf't Bic xa xiim? /CSi iuii rung thucmg OOe)'/Ret muot da hai nam!/Chi~u rnua ngim mai nd/Hoa ph6'i bay mau xuan/Be'p san gay ng9n lU'a/Chen tra ngat tinh dan/Chi@u rmza lue esc caa/Ngay b~) d~)i haOO quan/M~ gia kh6ng n6i TIll'a/Nu6'c mif t nliiii ran ran ...",

Khi cuoc khang chien chong Phap cua nhan danta di den nhung chien thang vi dai co tinh quyetdinh, thi tam voc nguoi chien S1V~ quoc cang Ionlao trong nhung bai tho' mang am huang anh hungca. Bai tho' Da'tmroc cua Nguyen Dmh Thi ke't thucb~ng hmh anh "Nuac Vitf't Nam tu' ma u iU'a/Riibun dung day sang loe" - MQt bi~u tuong Sll thikhai quat tu hinh anh cu th~ nhirng chien S1ta xonglen tu' nhung chien hao Dien Bien Phu.

"Hoan h6 chie'n SI Ditf'n Bien" cua T6 Huu lamot ban anh hung ea dich thuc trong tho' khangchien, tie'ng vQng cua thien anh hung ca chientran vI dai ella dan toe. e _ 1 hili nay, tac gia da dungdiroc mot tuong dai b~ng tho' v~ cac chien sf DienBien Phu anh hung, "Hoan h6 chie'n S1Di~n Bien/Chien S1 anh hung d.u nung lite sift/Nam muaietiu ngay dem khoei iuii, ngu hAm, rnua dAm,co'm vift/Mau tr~)n bun non/Gan kh6ng nung/Chi kh6ng mon/Nhii'ng d6ng chi than ch6n lamgia sung/D.u bit H i eMu mal/Bang miOO qua nuithep gail Ao ao vii bao/Nhii'ng d6ng chi chenlung cuu pMo/Nat than ooim mift dm 6m ...".

Bai tho' "Hoan h6 chie'n SIDitf'n Bien" da khepli!i mqt chuang tho' khang chie'n ch6ng Phap v~ngudi ehie'n sI V~ qu6e va r n a ra mQt giai dO':1nthe,.ca mc.iitrong d6 hinh anh ngudi chie'n S1v~n lahinh anh llin nhElt,sang ch6i nhElt,hinh anh ngudichie'n sI Quan dQi Nhan dan trong cong cUQcxaydung, bao v~ mi~n Bclcva giai ph6ng Mi~n Nam,th6ng nhEltTel qu6c vc.iitam tri tu~ cao han, tamh6n phong phu ho'n nhung ban ehEltt6t d~p, anhhung thi hoan toan d6ng nhEltva ke' thua ngudichie'n S1V~ qu6c trong cUQckhang chie'n th~nthanh Ian thu nhEltella dan tQc.


9/71

,T ran M ai N inhbai tho' J J N h 6 'a?THANH THAO

mau'T ran M ai N inh ke t thuc hai tho ' "N hu m au" vao dam

9/11 /1948 ta l Tuy Hoa, tho i d iem cuo i m ua m u'a m ien T rung .Tu ' d ay , long ngu 'o i V ie t Nam yeu nu 'uc suo t da i da t don ganhnay chq t rung len V I m i}t n g '} n g iu I " m i}t n g'}n g iU d ay p hankh ic h cU Dn len g iii'a th oi dii~m cang nhu ' day dan tru 'uc lenh. .Toan quoc khang ch ien c iia ch ii tich H o Ch i M inh .

o cei gi6 Tuy Hoe ...Cei gi6 cbuyes: dnVa ph6ng tungGi6 el i ngang, el i docGi6 tre l?i lung ciiungGil) nghTGi6 cuaiGi6 reo len Mng l!ngTran Mai Ninh da"y!Va btit dau tu ngqn gi6

du doia"y, tho' Viet hien dai co them mot nhatho', mot hili tho' ba"t tu: bai Nh6' ttuiu. Hay doclai hili tho' nay vci niern dam me, voi tinh yeu,va cluing ta se thay, cai nhip tho' Nh6' tiuiu a"ychinh la nhip rock, mot loai hard rock rna ngaytci bay gio cung chua d~ thuong thuc duoctron ven, Tho' btit dau tu ngon ngu, nhung trenc a ngori ngl't sieu-ngon-ngu chinh la nhip tho',chu khorig phai van tho'. Nhip tho' da'y hili theIvot len phi a truoc. a"n vao vo thtrc nguoi doc,khuay dong tan day sau tam cam nguoi doc,8a nhieu narn t6i doc Nh6' me u, 0 - nhieu hoancanh va tam trang khac nhau, va sau cung, cai"an'' va o toi sau nhat van la nhip (rhythm), cainhip ky la cua bai tho' nay:

Nha tho Tran Mai Ninhv: A, gn Mm!Ta gAn tneuTa gAn ngu'diTa gJn quye"t li~tohai, Nha Trang!eli do thanh vl daiBan co nghe nhip roc-cung. metal-rock

trong nhirng dong tho' g~n xu6ng, tho trao len,lay gi~t, x6i xa, cu6ng quit a"ykhorig? M(Jt ca sfhard-rock se phai teat darn dia m6 hoi khi th~hien mot khuc rock nhu the' nay. Va do chinhla hanh phuc cua Tho', cai hanh phuc thuonghiem hoi, ken chon, quay quat, cai hanh phuckhorig bao gia cho khorig ba"t cu nha tho' naorna khcng dci phai tra gia. TrSn Mai Ninh daphai tra gia b~ng chinh cuoc dci minh cho hilitho Nh6' meu. Gi6ng nhu Lorca khi vie't hili tho'dinh menh Bi ca cho Ignacio Sanchez Meziasong da keu len: "Toikhorig mu6n nhin thaymau''. thi do chinh la mau cua eng. mau cuamot nha tho' Tay Ban Nha vl dai. Tdn Mai Ninhda "nho mau'', va do cung la mau cua chinhong, mot nha tho' Viet Nam quye't tu', KMngchi "quye] t u cho To' qu6c quye't sinh", rna can

\ /11M tIl,eM 9V IET NAM


10/71

OlEN ElAN VAN HIEN

quyift tu cho Tho', cho su do'i moitoan dien Tho':

"Mi t ta cang lenCam~'itCa ngu'(Yi,Ca hcin ta sat tai"86 13.phut giay cua xuat thin,

cua vo thuc, cua trao dang, Tho' V9tra nhu mau x6i - mau cua nguoi yeunuoc quyift tu', mau cua nha tho tu doc a than xac l~n tam hon, "O~nhil'ngtiguoi! - Den riliu rrurc, d;[ic thanh keo- Tron m(lt e u - Nhil'ng ngu'O'i g~ysit l?i - M;[it ret m!t du'O'ng gu'o'm -L?nh gay ...". HQ la nhung chien binhcua nhan dan, mot nhan dan du doi,quat khdi, bung ngo, xirng dangveri mot To' quoc moi. Toi nghI, nifukhorig co nhung phut xuat than danghien tron ven a'y noi moi nguoi chiensI, m6i nguoi linh binh thuorig. thichung ta la'y dau ra chien thang saucung? Va khorig co rihung bai tho' hysinh toan dieri cho Tho' nhu bai Nhomau, thi la'y dau ra tho' Viet hien daiV(1'inhtrng buoc di kho nhoc, kh6nan nhu'ng chua bao giG' chiu lui:

"Dao gam de' gaySung mang tangChung no ruCa trei gi;[ie kinh hoengQuy-1at khua MedeGiAy dinh x(ln xaoCc'Ji va ken ..."CU nhu ban dang coi mot tru'Cing

doan "hot" (n6ng) nhat trong phimhanh d9ng! Tho' co th~ hoa thankhong chi va o am nhac, Mi ho a, dieukhac, rna ca vao dien anh rura! Vanhung montage dirt diem trong baiNh(y tiuiu Ia nhung montage rna motd ao dien dien anh manh tay nghe coth~ thuong thuc sau sac. "Quae m~tnhin vao tham tham tuong lai'' TranMai Ninh co th~ thay bai tho' cuaminh rong rong noi "t6i cao vinh du",Noi a'y, chac chan khong phai l a motgiai thuong, du la giai thucng to dendau! Noi a'y, la h6n dan toe, la khihuyet bung bung cua nhung nguoiyeu ruroc trung true, la noi "Viet Namr6i dung day - Sang vo chung!" ...

TRAN MAl NINH

Nho ,mauo cai gio Tuy Hoa ...Cai gio chuyen canVa ph6ng tungGi6 di ngang, di docGi6 tre lai - lu'ng chirngGi6 nghiGi6 cuciGi6 reo len long longToi da thay long toi d~yR6i dayCon may buoc Wi Nha Trang- A, g&n lelm!Ta gan mauTa g&n ngu'CiiTa gan quyet li~tOi hoi Nha Trang!Cai do thanh vt daiBiift bao ngu'Cii niern d9C ten mi.vs Khanh Hoa vi daiM~t ta cang lenCa matCa nguoiCa h6n ta sat toiNhin mi


11/71

Ta co nhoNlurng con nguciBa buoc vao ba't tu-0, nhung nguoiBen nhu muc, dac thanh keoTron mot cuHay nhung nguoi gay s~t laiMat ret mot du'orig gu'o'mLi:mh gayLong ban tayKh~c a'n chuoi dao gamChan boc siltMilt khoet thdng dern dayTui chua ca Nha Trang .. , ho bu'ocVuong Gia Ngai, Cung Gill NguyenChut chit Hoang Ba San ... con nua!Ca mot dan cho gheSua lau nhauVa hin Iuot theo nhauChe't khong ngap!Dao gam d E l gaySung mang tangOng i?c x6'i day du'dng mau choChung n6 ruCa trai giac kinh hoangQuy 1Mkhua lilc dcCiay dinh xon xaoCoi ve ken ...Ca trai bat hen bat viaC ha Y lung tungSlim rnai, xet va bilt...Thie't giap, cam nhorigR~m r~p ndi duo inhauVa dem khuya: Lai chetChon Phap, cho Vi~t gianAng


12/71

DII~NEJANV

Cho den nay , sau gan 85 namra dO 'i, b a i h a t "N guO 'i H a N (ii"coa Nguyen B lnh Th i van duo 'cco i 121ca khuc hay nha t v ii th o doda t nuoc . B ay 121ba i h a t da duo 'cN gu yen B ln h Th i b at d au san g taetrong nhung ngay dau tean quock ha ng c hie n D th o do H a No i vahoan ch inh ho 'n m (it n am sau dot,i ch ien khu V it it B ac .

"Ngu 'o i H it NQ i"Ca khuc bat hu euangaytoan quae khang ehi~n

PHudNG ANH

ThO'igian nay, Nguyen 8inh Thi cung nha baaThep M6'i, ban hoc tll' truong Buoi, lam to' baaCiru quoc cua mat tran Ha N9i, sau nay goila Ciru qu6e Thu do. Ong fO'iHa N9i ra ngoai thanhdung vao dern 19 thang 12 tuc dem ngay toan quockhang chien n6 ra tai Ha N9i khi quan va dan Ha N9ibat dau 60 ngay dem lich su "Quye't til' cho t6 qu6cquye't sinh".

Bern truce d6, Nguyen Dinh Thi da duoc ongTruong Chinh, T6ng Bi thu Bang, tan tay trao "Laikeu goi toan qu6c kMng chien" cua H6 Chu Tich guit6'i quoc dan d6ng bao va yeu du bang moi each phaidua dtroc lO'ikeu g9i d6 len phirong tien thong tinnhanh nhat, r9ng rai nhat, t6'i moi t~ng l6'p nhan dan.Vabao Ciru Qu6e, sO'bao dac biet, da dang trang trongtren trang nhat nhung lO'ikeu goi cua Ric: "Chung tatha hy sinh tift ca, chu nha't djnh khong chju mift tuidc,nh3.'t dinli kbong cbiu lam no l~ ... Ta pMi hy sinh de'n Nguyen Huy Tuonq (thu hai tu tral qua), Nam Cao (nqoalcunq ben phal), t iep den la Nguyen Dlnh Thl, Xuan Dleu ...


13/71

giot txuiu cuai ding d giU gin d,ft nude", 56' baonay da: kip den tay cac chien 51 cam hi Lien khuI dang chien dau noi 36 pho phuong c6 kinh cuaThu do.

Nguyen Binh Thi qua Hi Bong va dung chanCJlang Khuc Thuy ben bo song Nhue, d6'i dien voilang Cu Ba ben kia song luc bay gio la tram quany Ion nhat cua ta tie'p nhan thuong binh tu mattran Ha NQi dua v~. Tai day, lei keu goi cua Bacva cuoc chien da'u sinh tu vi dQC lap tu' do cho t6quoc cua quan dan Ha NQi da: hinh thanh trongong y tuong sang tac mot ca khuc v~ thu do linhthieng, hEWhoa, dau thuong va bgt khuat dangng~p chim trong khoi hra,

Nhu mot ng~u nhien, trong ngoi nha NguyenBinh Thi CJlang Khuc Thuy co mot chiec dan pianocua d6ng bao tan cu' bo lai, MQt budi t6i, ongngoi vao dan. Trong tieng phao g~m rung chuyenkhong gian va bau troi Ha NQi rue chay, nhunggiai dieu va ca tu dau tien cu tu nhien trao trenphim dan "Day H6 Guam, Hong He. H6 Tay, daylifng h6n tuii song ngim ruitn. Day Tbiing Long,day Dong Do, day H1 N9i, Ha N9i me'n yeu. HaN9i chay kh6i lua ng?,p troi, Ha N9i h6ng Jm Jmrung. He N9i vung dung len, song Hong reo, HeN9i vung dung len ..."... Dong nhac cti the' rao ruetucn chay "Hi: N9i dep sao! o, nuoc H6 Guamxenli thJm long. B6ng Tbep Rue than m?,t em a mlong" va "He N9i vui sao, nhung cua dJu 0 tiu titgann g6ng ... Hang Deo riu rit Hang DuO'ng,HangBee, Hang Gai" r6i tarn ke't thiic CJcau "Oi thethie't long ta bie't baa nhieu. Mdi ta'e cUt Hi: N9iduoixi thJm meu h6ng tuoi".

Nha bao Thep M6'i tinh co d9C duoc nhtrngdong nhac Nguyen Dinh Thi viet nhap tren motto gia'y va bai hat duoc in ngay CJbao Ciru quocTe't 1947 gCJit~ng cac chien 51 trung doan quyet tuLien khu MQt (sau duoc t6 chuc thanh Trung deanThu do). Luc gy bai hat co ten la Bei hat cua m9tnguO'i Hi: NQi. Sau do, lanh d~o Bai Phat thanhTie'ng noi Vi~t Nam t6 chuc thu thanh ngay baihat. H6i do, phong thu CJtrong mQt cai hang gc&nchua Tr~m. Biu dig,n d thu thanh v6'i Nguy~nBinh Thi co hai ngu'oi Buc, mQt la tie'n 51 trie't h9C,mQt la tie'n 51 su h9C, tru'6'c CJtrong quan dQi Phap,sau b6 quan dQi Phap thea taoMQt anh dan banjo,mQt anh g6 thia dem cho Nguyg,n Blnh Thi hat.Bai hat du'gc thu thanh mQt cach da chie'n do davang len tren song Bai Phat thanh Tie'ng noi Vi~tNam va gay xuc dQng manh li~t.

5au khi chuyn len Vi~t Biic, chinh trong ThuBong nam 1947, khi Phap nhay du xu6'ng Biic C~n

r6i danh len Thai Nguyen, Tuyen Quang, NguyenDinh Thi da vie't tie'p bai ha t v~ tlui do rna ongthay can dang dCJ.80 la doan ca khuc rna ong goila Ngay v~ biit dau tu "M9t ngay this non songehie'n khu v~. Duang vang tie'ng hat cu6n dongnguai ... rr cho den "Nay lap lap nguai di ann saotung bung choi l6i long taoMai nay lop lap nguaidi thet vang vang troi khili hoen, Nbiri day tiuiucbiing ta tUdi baa nbieu da'tnay, ta tUdi ngay maiviii len. H6ng Ha reo s6ng say sua trong Chab6ng NguO'imenh mong"va ke't thuc "MJt Ngua!sang lang vang sao thJm tum iret: NguO'i nuii t6ebee them. B6ng cd bat ngat ngay vui nude nonreo cuai ireii moi Nguoi cuai. Ngey' v~... ehie'nthJng!". Tu trong nhung thang ngay kho khangian khd nhat cua khang chien, trong trung va ycua ke thu xam hroc, Nguyen Dmh Thi da nhinthay mot ngay dgt nuoc va thu do Ha NQi cakhuc khai hoan, ngay song song H6ng reo vuichao don Bac H6 cung dean quan chien thang trCJv~ thu do trong rung co sao choi 19i.

8~u nam 1948, khi Nguyen Binh Thi hoanchinh bai hat Nguai He N9i voi doan Ngay v~tren, nhac 51 Nguyen Xuan Khoat vie't ph6'i khicho mot dan nhac day va bai hat duoc biu dienl~n dau cling VaGnam 1948 CJhuyen Dai Tir, ThaiNguyen v6'i dan nhac day do chinh Nguyen XuanKhoat chi huy.

Nam 1951, Nguyen Dmh Thi da: dua bai hatNgu'oi Ha NQi den vo'i Lien hoan Thanh nien The'gi6'i tai Berlin. (jday, Nguoi H a N9i da duoc motdan nhac nguo'i Due dien tgu voi ban phdi cuanhac 51 Nguyen Xuan Khoat do Nguyg,n Dinh Thidem thea va chuyen cho Ban t6 chuc. Nguai Hi:N9i vinh du la mot trong nhtrng ban tan nhac d~utien cua nen am nhac each m~ng Viet Nam duocgi6'i thieu voi ban be the' gi6'i ...

Nguyen Dinh Thi la mot trong nhung girongmat tieu bieu nhat cua van hoa ngM thuat Vi~tNam trong rura sau cua the' ky 20. Ong la met nhaqUcln ly van hoa uyen bac, mQt ngh~ 51 da tai, daco nhung sang t~o n6i b~t tren nhi~u lInh vt!c:tho' ca, tiu thuye't, kich, ly lu~n van hoa ngMthu~t. V~ am nhi;lc, hai hic ph


14/71

T rong lich su am nhac V iiH N am , co m ot ban kh i h im h khuc. .. .ra do i th i nhu 'm ot lo i do ' bao ve m ot Iu 'c lu 'o 'n gv ii trang d ac b ie t.. ... ..cua each m ang rna ch i D V ie t N am tho i d iim a y m lii co . Do la. .h an h k hu c " Cam til lIua n" cua nhac si H oang Q uY . N o cung v iii bo.t u' b inh : "Ch ien s f V i;t N am ", "K hong lIuan V i;t N am ", "H ai lIuanV ie t N am ", "H ac S o'n" cua V an C ao , cun g v iii "O u klc h c a" cua DoNhu,n , " lJ ain lIua n m a" cua Lu u H ii'u P hillie va " lJa in v ; IIU O'clIuan" cua Phan Huynh D iiu tao nen m o t tran do ba t quai cua..nen khoa hoc quan su ' V ie t Nam vu 'a non tre vu 'a qua cam va doc. .. .daD . M o t tran do bat qua i bang g ia i d ieu am nhac .. . ..

HoANG QUY'" ? ~VA NGON LUA "DONG VONG"

OlENEJANvAN HII~N

NGUYEN THl)Y KHAP ho Trl;l,i Cau gan nga tu An Duonq, Hai Phonq11.ci trang trai au tho cua nhac SI Hoang Ouy.Ong sinh narn 1920 (cunq tu6i vai nha tho ToHiru). Khi To Hiru bat dau nhung bai tho each manqdau tien d kinh thanh Hue thl Hoang Quy cOng bat daunhung giai dieu yeu nuoc cua mlnh tai Hai Phonq. NhoSl,I dat d E w cua thay Ngb Dlnh H (tUc la nhac SI l.eThuonq vai be ba "Hem V9n9 Phu" n6i tieng) nh6m "Hippi tien chien" rna Hoang Quy lam tru'dng nh6m da batdau nhung cucc du lich bang xe dap "tim ve nquon"va cOng bat dau ph6 nhung cam xuc do len nhungcung bac hac khf. Va ho, nhung Hoang Ouy , HoangPM (sau nay la nhac si To VO, Van Cao, Canh Than,Pharn Ngu da trd thanh nhung tranq sinh "Hu'ang dao"day nhiet huyet.

Nhunq phai den thai digm cua cao trao each rnanq,thoi di~m mua xuan 1941 Tan Ty, khi ca. mroc hanhhuonq ve dat T6 dg nhan them sinh hrc cho met cuocdeSidoi long troi Id dat vai nam sau, nh6m "Hip pi tienchien" cua Hoang Ouy da trd thanh nh6m "Dong Vong"vci nhung hanh khuc yeu ruroc chay phan phat trongtUng qua tim tranq sinh Hai Phonq. Mua xuan Tan Ty1941 thanh rnua xuan khdi su.

Kheng chi viet ra nhung bai hat, nh6m "DongVonq" vai huynh tru'dng Hoang Ouy da tea ra ph6 biennhung giai dieu do, roi t6 chuc an loat va bigu diencac tac ph~m d khap cac cucc da nqoai, giua Nha hatthanh phd, trong cac nha tnronq. Ban nhac Violetta cua"Dong Vonq" da that khdi sac voi nhung "B6ng co lau","Vui ca len" ...cua Huynh truonq. Hoang Quy nhu me ditrong luong qio hoat d9n9 vb nga. Can nha pho Trl;l,i

1 4 \!'(IN iiIeNVI~TNAM

Cau vua 11.ci nuoi giau can bo each manq vua 11.oikhdi su nhung chuonq trlnh bigu dien cuu dol, tU thienij dat Canq.

Con ngu'oi ngh$ SI nay cOng khong kern da doan.Ben canh nhung giai dieu yeu ruroc tha thiet nhu "ChuaHuotu;", "Chieu tren song Been f)ang" ... Hoang Quycon c6 nhung giai dieu chan phac, moe mac cam xucve h'mg que nhu' "Chieu que", "Hudng que" ... Va cOngthat me dam la nhung ban tlnh ca nhu "Duo! anh (fenxanh", "Tren aoi thong xenb", "Do! etta", "Co lai 00" ...M9t trong nhung tlnh ca d6 la tlnh ca "Co lang gieng" dacunq hanh khuc "Cam t u auen" xuyen qua nam thanq.

Ngon Ilia ")ong Vong" canq chay sang thl ngu'oihuynh tru'ijng Hoang Quy canq nqay canq tan ta bijimac chunq ho lao qua n~ng. Ngay Hai Phonq cuopchfnh quyen rnua thu 1945, anh em pha: dung canqkhenh Hoang Quy ra du'ong d~ nhln thay luc 1u'


15/71

Nungngay cudi narn, gio heo may C ll vivut thdi. Con duong d.n toi den truonghang ngay phai qua mot canh d6ngman man gio. Bu6i sang, lim suong mong nhukhoi bay ...

Hinh nhu da lau r6i nhirng noc nha khcngcon khoibe'p bay len. Lan strong mong tang iythat ky la, no cuon toi v~ ky uc... nhfrng noc nhathan thuong ngay xua voi ng9n khoi be'p quyenlen troi, nhu thoat nhtrng thang tram vit va cuab6 me. Ngon khoi cu bay len, duoi ng9n khoi iyla u im nhung hanh phuc gian dan, im n6ng.Toi rna mang cam nhan cai im ap cua ng9n khoibe'p dang nhe nhang bay v~ phia cao xanh ...

Canh d6ng toi qua hang ngay khcng con xarong tit tiip nhu ngay xua, dit chat nguoi dong,nha a lin he't bia lang, duang tranh Thanh ph6Vinh vo tinh chia doi canh d6ng sai each co bay...

Hmh nhu khong con du t~mbay, dan co trencanh dong lang cua toi cung di xa, thi thoangmoi ghe v~mot vai con coi cut trong chang vifngchieu nhu muon tim lai chut gi do.Cung co th~no tra v~ nhu mot thoi quen, nhu nhung nho diubun xua!

Co mat co ga, rau rna ngay cang thua trenbo ruQng... (nhung cay rau rna ngay xua da nucicluing toi 16n len, xanh toe tham da). Mam xanhkhorig kip ngoi len dtroi ban tay kien nhan, cuacac be chan trau. M6i budi chan trau cac be cungco' vat cho duo'c b6 rau rna d~ me ra cho ban.Vat ruQng g~t xong tro troi g6c ra, nhung' diu

chan trau buon thiu, l.n diu chan nguai duoilong ruQng can, khong con bung bung thia thia,khong co tieng gi.y ca ro lach tach rach buntrong vung ruroc can, khorig con tie'ng tep nhaylao xao... M~ noi: hoa chit tnr sau co, hoa kie'pdiep am!Cudn cuon trong toi n6i nho, nho den da diettap am trong canh d6ng d~y gio iy! Va nhtrngngay cuci dong, Wi v~n di qua tren con duongnhu hang ngay toi da di qua, b6ng nhien co motngay toi nhan ra mau tim biec! hoa co may!

Hoa co may thuy chung voi canh d6ng denthe',bat ngan mot the' gWimong manh hoang batn6i dai tren con duang, tren khap ba de, mauhoa tim tim, thorn hang hac. Toi ngi'it mot c9ngco may dua len mieng. MQt vi chat, xen chutchua ngot di'ingnoi dau luoi. Chang ai M y muahoa co may tim biec ben ducng.

Hinh nhu chi co tci moi Lfn tha'n voi Ioaico dai. Hoa co may nhu mot hoai niem hoangbat cua troi dit, nhu dan n6i nho trong tu6i tho'toi. )abao l~n hoa co may vo tinh gam d~y 6ngquan me, gam d~y vat ao cha, gam d~y trongky llC tu6i tho' nhoc nhan mot dai kham khd cuaba con co bac. Va giO'day hoa co may nhu nganmui kim khau ky uc, khau lai narn thang da tuotkhci t~m tay cua toi ... Noi iy co hinh b6ng chaoan vai ganh Itia cong don ganh. Noi iy co gi9tmd hoi cha roi xuong IU6ng cay! Hoa tim biechoang bat ben bo ruQng, Hoa - nhu ve't thai giand~n toi v~ ngay xua!NGUYEN THJ MINH toeTruang tu h 9C N gh i Vqn - Nghi L(ic - Ngh? An


16/71

OIEN ElAN VAN HIEN

Ngu'oi cQng sanl u o n d a m n h in t h a n g V 30 s u t h a t NGUYEN NGQC

S u o t b U D i , o n g V i i C h i C o n g c h i im I ,n g la n g n g h e . C u o i c l in g , o n g m u i n o i , r a t ch~m r a i : " C a cd on g c h i , c h u n g t a la n h ii 'n g n g u 'o i c o n g s an . N g u 'o i c o n g s a n la n g u 'o i l u o n b ie t v a d a m n h in t h in g. .v a o s u ' t h a t . D u 'n g c o n o i " v e c o ' b a n " n i i 'a , d a y la e a c h n o i t r a n h t r u . . . "

Sau to'ng ta'n corig M~u Than 1968, dich phankich dien cu6ng tren ta't ca cac mat tran, tinhhinh tr6' nen he't sue kh6 khan, day that su 1 < ' 1mot trong nhung thci ky den t6i nhat tren chientru'O'ng. Khu 5, du da durrc chuan bi tu'o'ng d6isorn hon phan nEW, van khong tranh khoi nhirngto'n that 16'n, c6 nhung sa sut, dao d~mg nghierntrong trong cac luc lucng, va khcng chi 6' nhungcap ben duoi. Ong Vo Chi Corig. Bi thu Khu uykiern Chinh uy Quan khu trieu tap mot cuoc hQinghi can bQ cac co guan Quan khu, yeu cau danhgia nghiem tuc tinh hinh bQ do i,

Dong chiV6 Chi C6ngToi nho khorig khi hoi nghi nang n@, va

ngay l'i cac co quan Quan khu, moi nguoi d@utrorig xo xac ... vi d6i. Tranh luan ra't gay ga't.Hau he't chung toi deu n6i rting c6 nhung hientu'q'ng nghiern trqng nhu'ng "v@ co ban" b(l d(li tavan vung yang, nhat dinh se vuot qua ducc kh6khan ... Su6t budi, ong Vo Chi Corig chi im l


17/71

Bai tho' x6n xao trong du luan, cac anh bentuyen huan khu phe phan ra't nang. Chinh uy VoChi C6ng bie't duoc, 6ng gQi t6i sang, hoi tinhhinh, ba'y giCi t6i la nguoi phu trach hrc luorig vanngh~ toan khu. Ong hoi: Bay giCianh chi em dangC i dau? T6i bao cao v~ nguci, hau he't d~u dangbam sau C i cac co Sl1, Ong bao: Noi nao cang quathi rut bot anh em v@,phai giu lire hrong, dungd t6n that, Tinh hinh the' na y, den can bo chinhtri con dao dong, anh em van ngh~ duoc nhu vayla ra't t6t, t6t lam. gioi lam. noi lai cho anh emyen tam. Anh Qu6c vie't nhtrng cau tho nhu vay1 < 1 anh ily dau don lam, dan vat l


18/71

TU TRONG 01SAN

Phan Thanh Giancon nquo], su nqhiepva bi kich lich su'

1.Ngay tLI" 1867, khi Phan Thanh Gian (PTG) tuket thuc cuoc ddi bang chen thucc doc, thl teitrong trieu cho den trong dan gian, da c6 nhu'ngthai do nhln nhan va su danh gia rat khac nhau ve ong.

Vua Tu 8LJ'Gva trieu dlnh del het toi loi cho ongve vise dg mat Nam Ky luc tlnh, ket toi ong "xet phait(Ji chet, chua du che duoc to!" va nqh] an "truy dcatlai chuc ham va de o bo ten d bia tien si, d rnai caian tram giam hau". Nhunq den narn 1886, vua 80ngKhanh lai "khai phuc nguyen ham" va khac lai ten ongd bia Tien s T .

Trong luc d6, nhCi'ng nha yeu nuoc dong thdi vciong nhu nha tho Nguyen Dlnh Chieu to thai d(J thuonqtiec va tran tronq doi voi PTG qua bai tho dieu:

Minh tinh chin chCi' long son rae tro! dat ttl ray m

Va trong bai "Van te II.,/ct lnh si dan tten vong", nhatho 80 Chiu mot Ian nira neu cao Truonq Dinh va PTG:

Phai trdi cho muon can quyen pha 1 0 , Truonp tU'ongquan con cuoc nghTa binh.

GS PHAN HUY LEY ngu'di dang xem tam ban phong tran, Phan hoc

s T het long cuu ruroc nhu'ng lai c6 tuonp truyen rang,Trucnq Dinh len an PTG ban nucc khi de co khdi nghTa"Phan, Lam mai qucc: trieu dlnh khf dan".

Roi trong tho van, trong cac conq trlnh nghien cuu,chunp ta luon luon bat gap nhu'ng nhan xet va danh giarat khac nhau, trai nquoc nhau ve nhan vat PTG.Narn 1962 - 1963, tren Tap chf N9hien cuu l.ich sCI"bung len cuoc tranh luan ve PTG. Thanq 10/1963, tapchi d cong bo bai ket luan cua GS Tran Huy Lieu voiquan dim chung la len an PTG "Phan truce sau vanrei VaG that bai chu nghTa, phan lai npuye n vong vequyen Iqi toi cao cu a dan toe, cua nhan dan", la pharntoi "dang thanh hien dat cho giac" va tU ' d6 phu nhantat ca tu du'c cua ong nhu' due tfnh liern khiet, long yeunuoc thuonq dan. VI "conq du'c da bai hoai thl tu du'ccon co gl dang k".

Ngay sau khi cucc thao luan ket thuc voi ket luanlen an va phe phan ni\ing ne nhu v$,y doi voi PhanThanh Gian thl GS Ca Van Thlnh vci tu each la motngu'di con cua Ben Tre, cua Nam Ky luc tlnh to thai doban khoan va khonq dong tlnh. NhCi'ng ngu'di c6 cunqI f kien voi GS Ca Van Thlnh khong ft. Sau narn 1975,nhat la trong cong cuoc deli moi gan day, nhieu nhakhoa hoc thay can phai danh gia lai PTG mot eachkhach quan va day du hen.

2. Tu lieu la co Sd khoa hoc can thiet de phuc dl,l'nglai mot each dang tin cay than the va su nqhiep cuaPhan Thanh man cung nhu'ng moi quan he phirc tapgiu'a ong vdi thdi cucc, vCii trieu dlnh va quan Phapluc bay gid. Ngoai chfnh su' cua trieu Nguyen, nhu'ngthu tich Han Nom, nhieu tao gia da co gang khai thacthem nhli'ng su'lieu trong cac tac pharn cua PTG, trongcac di tfch lich su' va van hoc dan gian cua que hU'ong~ng, trong cac tai lie u luu tru' cua trieu dlnh Nguyen,cua quan doi Phap ... Toi dac biet quan tam nhli'ng tuli$u cua que huonq Ben Tre nhu tam bia rno don so"Luonq Khe Phan lao nong chi me", tam minh sinh ghiIdi Phan "Dai Nam hai nhai lao thu sinh tanh Phan chicuu", nhu'ng chuysn ke, nhirnq truyen thuyet dan giann6i len chf hieu hoc, cuoc song thanh bach, long liernkhiet, tinh than yeu nucc, thucnq dan cua PTG va quad6, giup chunq ta hieu tam long ton klnh, ngu'Bng rno


19/71

cua nhan dan doi vdi ong.Nhunq cung vdi viec m d rong nguon tu lieu, chung

ta phai quan tam den viec giam dinh va XLI Iy tu li$u.Ngay cau n6i "Phan, l.arn rnai qucc; trieu dlnh khf dan"rna bao nhieu tac gia da suOdunq va dan ra nhu motminh chunq hung hen ve thai do len an cu a nhan dandoi vdi PTG va trieu dlnh Nguy~n, thl cho den nay,nguon goc va xuat xu' van chua ro. Phai chang d6 lacau de co cua Truonq Dinh khi dl,.lng co khdi nghTa vuachong Phap xarn lucc vua chong trieu dlnh dau hang,nhunq nhu v$,y tai sao khonq thay ghi chep lai trongnhu'ng tac pharn viet ve Truonq Dinh cua nhu'ng tac giadU'ong thai nhu Nguy~n Thong? Phai chang do nh6m)ong Kinh NghTa Thuc dua ra narn 1907, chi la mot giathiet hay suy dean chua c6 can cu? DT nhien su ra doiva luu truyen cau n6i do ou trong pharn vi nao, da phananh mot thai do phs phan PTG cua mot so ngu'oi nhatdinh. Nhunq neu la cau n6i cua Trucnq Dinh thl ro rangy nghTa cu a tu lieu khac han.

Su' dunq tu lieu cua chfnh su' trieu Nguy~n viet vePTG, nhat la quan he giCi'aeng vdi vua Tu )u'c va trieuNguy~n trong trach nhiern d mat 6 tlnh Nam Ky cOngcan phan tfch, giam dinh. Dai Nam thuc luc ghi chepviec ky hoa uoc Nharn Tuat 1862 nhu la trai y Tu )u'cva bi nha vua len an: "Thuonq thay con do cua lichtrieu, nao co toi gl? Rat la dau long. Hai vien nay (PhanThanh Gian va Lam Duy Thiep) khonq nhu'ng la ngu'oic6 tli cua ban trieu rna la ngu'oi c6 toi cua muon nghlndoi v$,y", "Nqhi hoa la that co, loi ay do hai vien kia(Phan Thanh Gian va Lam Duy Thiep)" . Nhunq cOngchfnh bo Sll nay cho biet ro, luc d6 TI,.1)u'c da xac lapdU'ong loi "chu hca" va khi Cli PTG lam Chanh suOtoanquye n dai than "nqh] ve viae hoa" thl vua toi da bandinh ky cac kha nang k ca viec cat dat va boi tien.Neu PTG tl,l' ti$n ky hoa u'dC trai y vua thl sao Tl,l' )u'ckhong bat toi, ma I


20/71

TU TRONG 01SAN

Oucc trieu huonq khoa luc chep: "Onq la ngu'di dodai khoa dau tien cua Nam Ky, Ong la ngu'di c6 hoc vanva du'C hanh du'ng dau dat Nam Trunq".

Oucc trieu dang khoa luc nhan xet: "Ong la ngu'dido dai khoa tnroc nhat cua Nam Ky, l.uc hoc tinh thuan,tfnh hanh chfnh tnrc" ,

NhCi'ng pharn gia con ngu'di va vi trf thanh dat d6dEl lam cho nhan dan Nam Ky quy men va ngu'ong rno,tl,J'hao ve ngu'di con cua que huonq. Voi hoc vi Tien s T ,PTG di VaG con du'dng hoan la, lam quan tra: qua batrieu vua tu' Minh Mc;tng qua Thieu Tri den Tl,J'EWc, Tu'chuc Han lam vien Bien tu thanq Lang trung Bo Hlnhnarn 1826, ong tiep tuc giLi' nhieu chuc Vl,Jd trong trieuva nhieu dia phuonq. Dudi trieu Minh Manq, ong giLi'chuc Ouyen nhiep tran Ngh$ An (1828), Thu phu deanphu Thu'a Thien (1829), thang Th] lang bq Le (1829),thang Hiap tran Ninh Binh (1829), doi ve Quang Nam(1831) dep cuoc nOi day d Chien Dan bi thua va bi eachchuc, roi ducc khdi phuc lam Hanh tau Noi cac, thanqThi lang bo Ho , Thu phu dean Thua Thien, thanq Hong16 tu khanh, sung Ph6 sCi'sang Thanh rai thang Dai Iytl,J'khanh, kie rn conq vise bo Hlnh, sung Co mat viendai than (1832), Kharn phai di Tran Tay, doi lam Bochfnh Quang Nam (1835), vi can ngan vua, bi xuc xiernva bi giang la thuoc vie n Il,JCpharn (1836), rai duoc lamThua chi Noi cac, sung Lang trung bo Ho, rai Thu thilang sung Co mat vien (1836), ducc eli' di duyet binhd Ha TTnh, Nghe An, Thanh Hoa, luc ve chuyen bienviec Bo Ho vi quen khong d6ng dau VaG chuonq so bigiang lam Lang trung, bien Iy viec Be?, phai di khai m aChien Elan, rno bac Thai Nguyen (1838), ducc trieu veKinh lam Thong chfnh su ph6 ty, rai Thi lang be?Ho , vican ngan vua bi giang lam Thong chfnh ph6 su' (1840),sung lam Ph6 chu khao tru'dng thi Trnra Thien vi sosuat bi giang mot cap (1840),

Dudi trieu vua Thieu Tri, ong duoc thang Tham tri(1841), roi thanq Thuonq thu be?Hlnh sung Co mat viendai than (1847),

DU'oi trieu vua Tl,J' ElU'c cho den truce narn 1862,ong du'c;Jcdoi sang Thu'c;Jngthu' bo Lc;ti (1848), sung lamGiang quan toa Kinh dien, cCi' lam Kinh lu'c;Jcdc;tisu' d T8.Ky, ITnhT6ng doc Binh Phu, kiem coi dc;toThui;ln Thanh(1849), lam Kinh lu'c;Jcph6 su' Nam Ky ITnhTuan phu GiaElinh, kiem coi tinh Bien Hoa va cac dc;to Long Tu'dng,An Ha (1851), du'c;Jctrieu ve kinh thang Thl,J' h iep biend?i hoc s T , ITnhThu'c;Jngthu' be?Hinh, sung Co mi;lt, Kinhdien (1853), lam Chanh t6ng tai Quoc su' quan (1856),

Cuoc ddi lam quan cua PTG c6 nhCi'ng bu'oc thangtram, c6 luc bi cach ChLfC, nhu'ng trang bat CLf cu'ong vinao ong cling luon luon trung thanh, mEIn can, 10 lamtron su' mc;tng phD vua, giup nu'oc, an dan, Ngoai tainang, pham gia dang quy d PTG la tam long yeu nu'octhu'ong dan, tfnh ngay th.ng cu'ong trl,J'c va cu6c songcan kiem thanh bc;tch, Voi tfnh cu'ong trl,J'c va y thu'C

trach nhiern truce nuoc, truce dan, PTG da dam canngan vua du bi mang hoa VaG than. Narn 1836, eng dacan nqan vua Minh Manq di tuan du Quang Nam vi narnd6 mat mua lai dang luc cay cay, "hay xin tarn dlnh chodan duoc chuyen viec dong ruonp". Narn 1840, Vu'ongHiiu Quang c6 toi, dlnh than dua theo y vua, c6 ngu'dixin xu' t6i chern, c6 ngu'di xin xli toi luu, ong dam xinnha vua chi Xli giang 2 cap luu.

NhLi'ng narn 1843, 1849, 1852, 1853, 1859, PTGdang so len vua, n6i len thuc tranq cua dat nucc vekinh te, xa hoi va de xuat nhCi'ng chfnh sach nharn "duaVaG phap luat rna cai tri", "quan tot rna dan yen", "chinhdon th6i quen cua s T phu", "chua hai benh dau kh6cua nhan dan", "nuoi dan cham cay cay", "nuoi quantru phucnq lucc", "binh giai lu'ong du nhu nquon nuccchay mai kho nq het" ... Narn 1838, duoc cu' di khai rnovanq Chien Elan d Quang Nam rai rno ba Tong Tinh dThai Nguyen, PTG dem thuc tra nq thua 10 tau trlnh lende nha vua bai bo viec khai mo vanq Chien Dan vachuyen me bac Tong Tinh cho thuonq nhan ITnh trunq ..

Tl,J'ElCi'Cda khen PTG la ngu'di "Iiem blnh chfnh can".Ngoai cac hoat dong chfnh tri, PTG con co nhLi'ng

cong hien ve mat van hoa.Narn 1856, PTG duoc cU' lam Tong tai phu trach

conq viec bien scan bo Kharn dinh Viet sU' thong giamcuonq rnuc. Trong 3 narn (1856 - 1859), ong cunqnh6m bien soan da hoan thanh conq viec bien tap.bequdc sCi' do so, viet theo loi "cuonq rnuc", chep lich sU'dan toe W ddi Hung Vuonq cho den narn Chie u Thong3 (1789), gam ca thay 52 quyen. Kharn djnh Vi$t Slithong qiarn cuonq muc cunq voi Dai Viet sCi'ky toan thu(chep su W nguan goc den narn 1675) 121hai be?quccsu' Ion nhat duoc khac in toan be? trong thdi dai phongkien Viet Nam. Voi be quoc su' nay, Phan Thanh Gianla mot nha SU' hoc len.

PTG con 121nha tho, nha van rna nhLi'ng tac pharncon lai da duoc cac con onq thu thap thanh hai be?"Luonq Khe thi thao" va "Luong Khe van thao" . Tuychua duoc dich va nghien cu'u day du, nhu'ng mot vaitham luan trong hoi thEw khoa hoc cua chung ta clingda cho thay r6 them tam han va tai nang cOng nhu' tu'tu'dng va tinh cam tham thiet cua ong doi voi que hu'ongxu' Sd, doi voi dan vdi nu'oc du'c;Jcgdi gam trong tho vancua ong.

PTG la mot trong nhLi'ng nha tho, nha van Ion cuaNam Ky.

4. Nam nam cuoi ddi (1862 - 1867) la giai dOc;lngian truan, day uan khuc cua PTG va cOng la giai dOc;lntap trung nhieu van de tranh luan nhat.

NhLi'ng van de chfnh du'c;Jcdat ra 121rach nhiem cuaPTG trong vi$c ky hoa u'oc 1862 nhu'c;Jngba tinh mienElong cho Phap, trong vi$c d mat 3 tinh mien Tay nam1867 va cai chet cua eng, moi quan he trach nhiemgiCi'a PTG voi vua Tl,J'Elu'Cva tr ieu Nguyen.


21/71

Cho den luc nay, trong chunq ta van con nhLi'ngkhfa canh bat dang hay khac biet, va ai cOng mongmuon duoc tiep tuc nqhisn CLi'Uva trao deli, Tuy nhien,chunq ta cling rat vui rnunq nhan thay qua hai nqay hoithao, chunq ta da lam sang to duoc nhLi'ng van de di:itra va di den su nhat trf ve co ban trong nhan thuc vadarih gia PTG VaG 5 narn cudi ddi ~ng,

Hoa uoc narn Nharn Tuat 1862 gam 12 dieu khoan,trong d6 dieu co ban la trie u Nguyen nhuonq h~n choPhap 3 tinh Bien Hoa , Gia Dinh, Dinh Tudng cunq daoPoulo Condor (Con Dao) va chiu boi thu'dng chien phf 4trieu dong tra trong 10 narn, ngu'di Phap va Y Pha Nhoducc quye n tu do truyen dao va buon ban, R6 rang dayla mot hiep uoc xarn pharn ni:ing ne den lanh thel cuadat nuoc va chu quyen qucc qia. Nhunq van de la pha:chang PTG va Lam Duy Thiep, nhGng ngu'di ky hiepuoc, pha: hoan toan chiu trach nhiern ve viec nhu'c;Jngdatd6?TI,I'8u'c muon del het trach nhiern va ti;>iloi cho PTG,nhunq tu lieu lay ngay trong chfnh su' trie u Nguyen clingdu cho chunq ta kh~ng djnh rang PTG la ngu'di thuahanh va thuc hie n mot chf truonq da ducc hoach dinhcua TI,I 8uc va trie u dlnh, dong tho: PTG cling la ngu'didong tlnh voi chu truonq do.

Trong viec d mat 3 tinh mien Tay narn 1867, trachnhiern cua PTG ve nguyen tac c6 phan nang ne henVI voi cuoriq vi VTnh Long - An Giang - Ha Tie n kinhluoc SLI, ong c6 trach nhiern giLi' dat va la ngu'di duoctoan quyen thay mat nha vua xu Iy rnoi viec trong vunq.Nhunq tren thuc te, chu trucnq " diu hoa" va Hoa uoc1862 rna TI,I 8LIC da phe chuan narn 1863, da dat PTGva nhiern Vl,.lgiG dat 3 tlnh mien Tay VaG t lnh the cue kykh6 khan den be tac.

Ve vi trf dia Iy, 3 tinh hoan loan b] co lap, b] tach rakhoi dia ban ca nuoc bdi 3 tinh mien 80ng da d trongtay quan Phap,

Nam 1866, quan Phap de do? chiem not 3 tinhmien Tay, TI,i 8uc va trieu dlnh mi;>t mi:it "khien 3 tinhay mot long chong giG" , mi:it khac l


22/71

TU TRONG 01SAN

Cau truedQ ng-m l1 _aQC thu quen tri~t nen a m nhect ru y 6n th 6n g d a n tQ c

MICH QUANGTo ' m ottiilu Iuan dang tren tap ch i K hoa hoc xa ho i TPHCM dau nam 1991 , sau do du 'o 'c.. . .. .

ngh , s i Ton N ii' T hanh Tuyen d ich ra tieng A nh dang trong t~p ch i Nh~cV i,t cua H l} i n gh iencu 'u Am nhac tru yen thong V ie t Nam ta i Hoa K y, Iy thuyet C au truc dong m o, dac tho cua am. .. ..

nhac truyen thong V ie t Nam cua nha ngh ien cuu M ich Q uang da duo 'c g io i ngh ien cuu nghe.. .. .thua t trong nuoc su ' dung rong ra i, du 'o 'cG STS Terry M ille r va G STS N guyen Thuye t Phong. ...dua vao gh io trin h dan toc nhac hoc ta i V ien O a i hoc Ken t va nh ieu O a i hoc khac ta i H oa. . . . . . . ...

K y, dU I1C GS TS T ran V an K he phD b ien tal n hie u h l} i th ao d an tl}C nh~ch l}c tren th eg io i nhu m ot tong ket "ra t kha i phong tri tue" (ch ii' dong cua G STS T .M ille r) ve am. .

nhac truyen thong V iet N arn . D e ban doc h ieu nh ii'ng co ' so g iup. . ..nha ngh ien CRU M ich Q uang de ra Iy thuye t quan trong tren , VH VN. .

x in trich g io i th ieu ban tieu lu an xua t sac nay cua ong. .

"

D anca, g6m nhtrng dieu, nhtrng bai hat vo danh duoc hattil nhung cau tho dan gian, hoan toan khong co nhacdem, hoac hat tu do nhu: Ho, ve, ho, h6... hoac co kift ca'unhu the' loai til xua goi la Ly hoac nhu dan ca quan ho nguyenm.u.(j cac dieu, cac bid dan ca, Iuon luon co hai cau true amnhac duoc 16ngvao, nhat the' hoa van nhau: Cau true am nhac tuthan cua the' tho co van dieu cua ngu am Viet g6m sau dau gi9ngrna toi tarn goi Ia "cau true nhac /fho" va ca'utrue am nhac duoctao ra trong khi hat rna toi goi la "ca'Utrue nhacz'nhac". Chinhnho phirong phap 16ng cau true a'y rna mot cau tho luc bat ba'tk y nao, deu c6 the' hat thanh bao nhieu dieu dan ca khac nhau.Va C s ngay van d~ nay, toi tha'y hien tuong co tinh quy luat:Cau true nhac /rihac cang co dung Y thoat khoi dung dang do ca'utrue nhac /fho quy dinh, thi cang phai cho them van 100iho nhieutil hoac lay xen ke chi co gia tri nhac dieu rna hoan toan khongco gia tri ngu nghia, Mu6n tim hie'u dung dcln cau true dan ca,nha't thiift khOng the' bo qua phirong thirc "16ng dieu" {{y.Chinhvi thieu quan tam den phuong thuc {{ycua dan ca rna co l~n toiduoc doc mot bai nghien cuu dan ca cho r~ng: Doan mot cua baiTr6ng quan cham dut C s til thu hai cua vif bat, C s ngay hai til mdd~u cau tho, vi du:

L a gi cao rift net: caoLa gil? Dang de' anh beo due tranh


23/71

Tai sao lai co kig:unga:t doan ngang tang, ba'tchap nghIa 1y the'? Song, anh ban a'y khong hoantoan sai. >0 la cu6i cau nhac that. Nhu'ng cu6icau nhac rna d~u cau tho'.d day co su lang haiC & U true nham x u 1yhinh thirc van dong lien tuc,"xep ngoi", "g6i dau" ra't ph6 bien trong am nhactruyen thong ta od nhac c6 (nhac 1G;,nhac Hue', nhac tai tu')dig:mkhac biet ra nhat so voi dan ca la no hat conhac dem va nhtrng ban nhac dem duoc ton taidoc lap khong dn 1Ciica, co gia tri nhu nhtrngban nhac khong loi. Khac biet thu hai la loi cuacac bai hat nhac c6 hoan toan khOng phai 1Ciiho',co ca'u true nhac /fho rieng, rna la 1Ciica soan theanhung ban nhac dii co. Toi thuong g9i dan ca 1a"dieu hat ph6 tho", va goi nhac c6 Ia "bai hatph6 nhac".

Tuy nhien, co mot dac tru'ng bao trum ca danca va nhac c6. >0 la truyen thong dieu hat, baihat, ban nhac, Iuon luon duoc tai tao qua moingh~ nhan, tham chi qua m6i l~n dan hat. >dngthoi qua nhieu the' he, nhieu nam ton tai va phattrig:n, m6i dieu, m6i bai, co hang chuc hang tramban, 1Ciihat khac nhau, trong khi d am nhac bach9Cchau Au m6i bai hat chi co tM t6n tai voi bang6c, loi g6c ban dau. Nhieu ban cho do chi vi nocon dan gian, chua bac h9C. Toi kh6ng nghI nhu

the'. T6i cho ding dac tru'ng nay mang tinh danchu, nghla la nguoi sang tac khong doc dean rnadanh quyen tai ta'yla tom ta:t mot s6 dac tru'ng co' ban baotrum am nhac truyen th6ng dan toe.

Vay, cac dac tru'ng a'yco nguyen nhan ttl dau?Phai chang la ttl trinh dQ nong dan, dan gian,thieu khoa h9Cchinh xac, thien vg,ban nang, tuytien, nhu mot s6 nguoi nghI? Hay vi no la dangian, "dan gian no the", can phai nang no lentrinh dQ bac hoc, tuc la trinh dQ nhac c6 di~nchau Au, "trinh dQ qu6c te''' nhu each nghI cuamot s6 nguoi khac? Trong mot thoi gian kha daitoi chua dam tra 1di, (Hoac khang dinh hoac phudinh) nhung y kien tren, Tuy nhien, la mot nguoivua yeu thich am nhac truyen thong ding virayeu thich nen am nhac rna thoi thuoc PMp chung


24/71

TU TRONG 01SAN

toi gQi li1 "nhac moi. tan nhac", va cling 1.1ngu'O'ichoi nghiep du d. hai loai, toi da tu' minh amtham thir nghiern, Toi da thu dung phuong phaprung giqng cua nhac moi rna toi da b


25/71

Tuy x u ' khdj hili,Phung truaiig tac hi(Ngh1a la: Chon cM rna pha troTuy hoan canh rna dii'n)Cho nen, hien tu'q'ng Ian dieu, bai ban ca dan

ca l~n nhac c e S , luon luon bien h6a, thay hinh deSidang khong phai la su tuy tien, rna la mot sudieu ky duoc tao nen do cau true d(Jng - mo. Cairna chung ta can phan nan khong phai la kie'uc&u true tuyet voi &y, rna la tinh hinh hien naykhong co nhac SI sang tac then ca'u true &y (hauhe't nhac sl sang tac hien nay d~u duoc dao taotheo h~ ceSdie'n chau Au, ca'u true tinh), khien chonen am nhac truyen thong chi t6n tai veri nlurngnhac corig, nhtrng ban c e S , g~n nhu ngung sinh soinay no con chau rna chi c6 ong cha "truong sinhb&t lao" nho kha nang thich ung voi moi truorig,hoan canh moi. Do su' anh huong cua tieu chuanca'u true d6ng - tmh nen kha nang tu' dieu chinhde' thich ung a'y cua cau true mo - dong truyenth6ng khorig duoc xem trqng, khorig ai de' tamnghien cuu,

Tu' narn 197(\ toi da corig b6 phat hien cua toiv~ ke't ca'u then mo hinh cua Ian dieu bai ban nhacceStruyen, Khac voi nhung ca khuc nhac moi thuoch~ binh quan rna l'l d&y tat ca cac am d~u dirocquy dinh cu the' cung nhac khOng the' thay deSi(toitarn gqi kie'u day la corig tlurc), trong Ian dieu baiban truyen thong luon luon co nhung am khongco' dinh (toi tam quy ra la "nhung diern bien" cuamo hinh) danh quyen thay d6i cho nguci bie'udien khien cho die u cli khorig ngirng deSimrri quahat, dan, va soan lei. Phat hien cua toida dirccnhieu ban, nhat la 6' gi6'i kich hat d6ng tinh, N6giup chung toi hie'u ro va tham thia nhung caun6i clla ngu'l'Ji xu'a rna luc dau chung toi cam th&yt6i ngh1a:Th\lc gii bgt vong tan che' di~u

(Ngu'ai ngh~ sI lanh ngM khong bao gia quenvi~c deSim6'i di~u cli)

Va: Hqc cho che't, dung cho s6ng.Tuy nhien, do khong quan tam de'n khoa hqc

clla mo hinh, mQt s6 nh~c sI nhin diftc tru'ng a'yb~ng tri tu~ clla ca khuc binh quan da cho n6la khOng hoan chinh, la tuy ti~n. Hq c6 khuynhhu'l'!ng tInh h6a n6, lam cho n6 ngheo di, nha't la l'lquan hq, cheo va dan ca k~ch. Rieng l'l nh~c Hue',tu6ng, cai lu'o'ng, nhgt la cai lu'ang th'i phu'o'ngthuc v~n d(Jng mo-hinh tl;i phat tu xu'a (rna nhangh~ gqi la long bin) thi n6 v~n phat huy m~nh.Cling xin phep n6i them: Sl'l d1 toi mu'\in thu~tngu "mo hinh" clla di~u khie'n hqc thay cho thu~tngu "long ban" clla truy~n th6ng cal lu'o'ng va

thuat ngu "lay W' cua truyen thong tu6ng la vihai thuat ngu a'y chi bao g6m duoc nhung diemcu the' chu chua g6m duoc nhfing die'm bien. Machi veri nhung die'm cu the' tho ikhong g6m nhirngdiem bien thi cau true chua thanh hinh.

Chinh phat hien phuong thuc mo-hmh-hoacua ca nhac truyen th6ng da d~n toi de'n ca'u trued(Jng - mo, vi mo hinh la ccng cu cua cgu truedong.

Xin luu y : Nh&n nha va luyen lay d~u la corigcu cua nhac am cao do tucng d6i, mot d~ng trongkhi nhac, mot d~ng trong thanh nhac, Quan sat kythi Q(J cao tuong d6i chua dung trong ban thanno mot cao, mot thap 16ng vao nhau, xen ke nhaulien tuc, nhat the' hoa, Ta co the' vi n6 nhu motdan nguyen co nhip nho nhat cua co' che' sinh hoc,mot mach dien "mot d6ng, mot mo" khorig the'thieu duoc cua co che' dieu khien hoc, nhu nguyentclcmau thuan noi tai (Truyen th6ng Viet xu'a goila tuong phan - tuong thanh) khong the' thieuduoc cho phep bien chung, Mgt no, tuyet d6i hoacao dQ cua no, cling nhu mgt nhip sinh hoc, mgtmach dien mot dong, mot mo, mgt nguyen tclcmau thu~n nci tai, co' che' d(Jng se hoa ra tmh (co'hoc sieu hinh) va tInh hoa luon ca cac thanh phan,

Ne'u nhac am nhan nha. cao d(J tuong dci, lakhOng the' khac duoc l'l cau true d(Jng - mo. thtnhac am khong nhan nha, cao dQ tuyet d6i clingIa "dinh menh" d6i voi C & U true tmh - dong.

Hai kie'u cau true gy da tao nen hai hinh thirc,hai ve dep hoan to an khac nhau. Dua thay motso' ye'u to' cua teSng the' nay sang teSng the' kia, laptuc ke't ca'u cua no se xQc xech, Han nua, ne'u laidat ye'u to' du'q'c thay len vai tro Chll d':1o, thi l~ptuc ye'u to' d!;'p clla ben kia se tr6' thanh "te' baoung thu''' clla ben nay, n6 se pha vB toan b(J clithe'. Dung nh~c Cl;!ceStruy~n de' danh bin "Nh~crung" clla Hoang Vi~t? M6'i nhin nhu' la chuy~nbinh thu'ong. Nhu'ng, ban "nh~c rung" da du'q'csang tac then ca'u truc tInh vl'!i am nh~c tuy~t d6irna nh~c C\l ceStruy~n nguyen m~u kh6 d~t du'~1'c.The'la phai h~ tha'p phim dan nguy~t, phai m.1cday sat, thay ng6n vi-o-long cho nhi, phai ch~td~u dan day bie'n n6 thanh mang-do-lin di hinhd~ tu'l'!ng... ! Cac nh~c cong ceStruy~n ta thich mauam clla cay ghita et-pa-nhon, ha-oai-en, vi-o-long,da co' dung n6 de' cho'i nh


26/71

TUTRONG01SANTie'n si ngM thuat hoc Lien XO [agovlep,

trong sach "Ngb~ tbu$t va cec tOn giilOtbi! giai",chuang "PMt gieo va ngM tliuin:", co d@cap de'nkieu ke't cau rna orig goi la "non-finito" (ngh1a lakhorig trori ven) rna orig cho la ki~u ke't cau tuyetvoi quan triet kien true cel truyen cua cac nen vanhoa Phat giao. Chinh dEly cling la kieu rna nganhchung toi goi la "ke't lung" a am nhac truycnthong. Tuy nhien, then cluing toi, tu tuong ke'tlung Elykhorig phai doi de'n khi Phat giao truyensang ta vao the' k y thu II, rna da co trong Dich lytU hang nghin narn truck ky nguyen Tay Lich, Ke'tlung li nhac dan toe, cling co nghta ke"t thuc mo.ke"trna chua ke"t,mang y nghia trie't hoc "dung imla tuong d6i van dQng la tuyet d6i".

Tie'n si [agovlep cling viet: "Tu tu'6'ng v~ tinbebf{t kbong pban cbie duoc ciie ebu tb' va khecltb',eon ngu'O'iva tl/ nbien, v$t eb{(t va tinl: tbAn,1a ru' tu'cYng n~n tang ctui nb?n tblte 1u?n Pb?tgieo. Nguyen tJe nay duong titiien anb bu'6'ng di!nquan nieti: ciia n6 v~ nhu du tba'm my eua connguO'i, di!n quan ni~m va cecli cJt ngbIa ban ebfi'trnuc dicli ciuic nang ciie ngb(" tbu?t...

D8ng tbc'ii tuong dcfi 1u?n ciie Pb?t giao daanb bU(1ngdi!n ngb(" tbu?t ... giiip eung e6nguyentic v@tinb kbong rron vert (non-finito) trong ngMtbu?t. Nguyen tic "iion-Iinito" thuc tf! duoc naysinb trong ngb~ tbu?t phuong Dong ...

Cbinli Pb?t giso voi hoc tbuyi!t v@tbi! gidicern giilc vinb. vien bif!n d6i da dem df!n cho ngMtbu?t m~)t nguyen tic phuong pbep 1u?n quantrong, cho phep ngb(" SI t{lOnen m~)t tbi! gi(Yid~kdeo eua cec binb tuong ngb(" tbu$t pbuaag Dong.Vi tbi! ho SI Su Shi da c o diu: Kbi ve dii cay, dne6 c a m gifie cfii cay dang 1(Yn".o Vi~t Nam chung ta, hqa s1Nguy@n Buc Nungcling da nh~n xet: "Tranh dan gian toan S 1 1 d1,lngnhung tu' the' dQng, khOng eo tu' the' nao tInh".

Co anh b~n hoi tOi: "Ne'u vli tr1,l quan Ph~tgiao c6 vai ttl) ellng cO' them tu duy d(mg li dantQc Vi~t Nam ta, d&n de'n ca'u truc dQng trongn~n am nh~e truy~n th6ng clla minh, thi c6 khanang chang, ki~u "eElu truc dQng rna" Ely, clingtan t~i trong n~n am nh~c cel truy~n Clla nhungdan tQc cMu A c6 truy~n th6ng Ph~t giao?". Toidap: "Toi khong co di~u ki~n tie"p xuc v6'i amnhac cel truy@n cac dan tQc cMu A , khong dam traloi, nhung rElt co th~ nhu the' l~m!". L~p tuc anhb~n v~n L~tiOi: "Ne'u the' th'i can gi la dQc dao dantQc nua?". Toi dap: "Can lclm chu! CElutruc co th~chung nhElt cho c a mQt vung van h6a do s1,l'th6ngnhElt v~ tu duy trie't hqc, nhung thang am di~u

thtrc phai khac nhau, vi "moi tie'ng noi co nenam nhac cua rieng no". Va toi da xuong am choanh ban nghe ban "Kim ti@n" cua ta va bai "Kh6choang thien" cua Quang Bong Trung Qu6c, cungcElu true nhung khac die u thuc, thang am. Hieuqua kha ro mac du ban "Kh6c hoang thien" Elydabi Viet hoa trong nen ca nhac cai luang ...

Cling xin nhan manh them ding tu duy dQngme Ely da d&n den quan diem hai hoa dong rnanguyen ly co' ban la "tirong phan tuong thanh"khac h~n voi guan diem hai hoa tmh khong chapnhan tuong phan noi tai, N6i mot each nom na,thong tuc, nguO'i Viet xua cho r~ng, gi6ng nhu moisinh vat, vli tru da hinh thanh va sinh soi, phattrin khong ngtrng. nho su tuong phan rna hoahop giUa hai gi6ng due, cai, tr6ng, mai, (tr6ng,mai da tro' thanh thuat ngu am nhac trong tu6ng).B6i ver i guan niern Ely thi dong bo (due voi due,cai vrri cai) Ia khong sinh so i, cho nen khorig haihoa, Trong guan niern mau s~c, ta cling thay guanh~ tuong sinh la giua cac mau tuong phan (trang-den, den-xanh, xanh-do, do-vang, vang-trang) rnatuong khac lai Ia giUa cac mau d6ng bo. Quanniern duc-cai, tr6ng-mai cha] phac Ely dan danduoc nang len thanh ly thuyet Am Duong mang yngh1a triet hoc, Nhi~u nguoi cho r~ng Am Duongla nhi-nguyen-luan, nhung tci cho do la quan niern"nhat nguyen luang d.ien", hay "nhat nguyen sinhhoc". (Cai telng tM co' h9C khong chap nhan), (jday toi mudn hru y rang: Hili hoa du la nguyent~c chung cua cai dep, ella mi hoc, nhurig c~nphan biet hai hoa dorig-mo cua phuong Bong vahai ho a tmh-dong cua phuong Tay ...

Ong Jean Claude Carriere, trong mot bai tnlloi ph6ng vEln (Mahabharata, bai thli nhan gian -T~p chi Nguoi dua tin Unesco) co noi: "Dua vaoehau Au nbIl'ng ban van xa 1? vcYin~n van hc5aKitO 121mt hanh dng anb hung, dn di!n bantay nhl1'ng con nguO'i tAm co phi thuO'ng".0 Vi~tNam chung ta, m~c du KitO giao ml'ri du nMpvao the' ky 19, the' rna nhi~u thanh phan clla n~nvan h6a 5y l~i dang th6ng tri (Nhu' am nh~c eeldi~n chiing h~n) khie"n cho nhung b9 ph~n cllan~n van h6a dan gian truy~n th6ng rna Ph~t giaoco g6p phan anh hUling ttl'! nen xa 1~ vl'ii thanhnien, hqc sinh, sinh vien, vl'ri nhi~u nha khoa hqcva c a m9t sO'nha lanh di;l.o,khie'n cho m9t it nguoili~u lInh (chu khong phai anh hung) nhu tOi, cO'ra suc ph1,lc che' bQ m~t nguyen m&u clla n6, dabi gqi la "n~ cel", "bao thll" hay "c1,l'cdoan". Dothe" chung toi bi dan dQc, khong du'


27/71

nao de' m(lt ngu'('ii kh6ng phdi 1a An oo rungdong duoc vo! Mahabharata?/I. J.C.Carriere danoi: "Ti: hai ba thr! ky nay nbiing ngu'O'iphuctngTfly dil bie't lam cho bao nbieu nguo! Nhf,it Banchau Phi, ho;ficAchentina rung d{mg vai Mozart,Shakespeare va Picasso cua bo, the't?i sao nhungMozart, Shakespeare, Picasso cua cac nn van h6akhac l?i kh6ng lam nhung ngu'('iiphu'cfng ray xiicdong?". (Nguoi dua tin Unesco s6 thang 9-1989).

Khucn khc mot bai viet khong cho phep toiminh hoa ly giai that cu tM chi tiet, nen chacchan Ia nhung y kien cua toi hay can dai khai,Tuy nhien voi kha nang va tu each cua mot ngu'O'ichoi nhac cling tai tu rna nghien cuu cling taitu (amateur), toi hoan toan khong co tham v9ngthuyet phuc rna chi muon go,'ilen mot s6 suy nghlmong cuu vot diroc mot riert am nhac truyen thongvoi cau true dong - mo rat bac hoc cua no dangbi den dan vao chan tuong do su ap dat thong tricua nen am nhac c6 dien phuong Tay. T6i hoantoan khOng chong viec tie'p thu am nhac c6 dinvi ban than t6i cling yeu thich rio. Nhu'ng tOi thiettha keu goitu' nhung du kien mang tinh chat bach9C sinh-hoc, tuong-ddi-luan, bien-chirng c6 daicua nen am nhac truyen thong (khac tinh chat bachoc co h9C c6 di@n tuyet d6i luan cua am nhacphuong Tay), tham khao nhung thanh tuu moicua phep bien chung v~ cau true M thong thuyettuong d6i, khoa sinh hoc hien dai, cung nhau rasue tie'p tuc kharn pha, t6ng ke't, xay dung motnen am nhac bac hoc hien dai th~t su' vci phuonghuo'ng "chap nhan mot mo hinh sinh hoc cho thuctai" nham b6 sung cho phuong hucng tie'p thutu phu'ong Tay c~n dc:tida quen "chap nh~n mQtmo hinh co gil'li cho th\1'c tc:ti", trong cau truc tacpha'm, dan nhc:tc, trong quan h~ sang tac va bie'udi~n, thu'Cing thuc. C~n nhat la phai v~n dQng c6nhi~u sang tac theo truy~n th6ng, tuc L1 theo cautruc dQng - ml1... Vi~c v~n dQng cho co nhi@u nhc:tcpha'm m6'i theo kie'u cau truc dQng - ml1 truy~nth6ng c6 t~m guan trqng Wn:

Thu' nha"t:N6 lam cho n~n am nhc:tc truy~nth6ng s6ng lc:titrong sinh hoc:tt am nhc:tc clla gu~nchung h~ng ngay gan nhu' thO'i n6 can dQc tOnchu'a c6 s\1' xam nh~p cua n~n am nhqc phu'ongTay, thO'i rna dat nu'l'fcVi~t Nam chi c6 dinh, chua,chu'a c6 nha thO', chu'a c6 ong Tay, ba 8~m.

Tha hai: N6 lam tang sinh l\1'c cho kich hatdan tQc, kha:c pht,lc nqn tan c6 giao duyen. Chungta d~u bie't r~ng n~n kich hat dan tQc cMu A dadu'~ic sinh soi, xay d\1'ng tren co' sli rQng rai ph6c~p clla n@n am nhi;1c dan tQc. Va nguyen nhan

cua su suy thoai cua kich hat dan toe hien naykhien cho no hoac phai tim song b~ng con ducngtan c6 giao duyen d@khoi lui vao bao tang, khorigco gi khac Ia vi sinh hoat am nhac ph6 cap trongquan churig da bi nen am nhac c6 di@nbinh quanluat chau Au gianh mat. L6 tai cua gu~n chung,h~ng ngay nghe am nhac binh quart (cau true tmh)gua phat thanh truyen hinh va cac san khau camua nhac, xem kich hat dan toe tu nhien se ngongang truoc mot kie'u am nhac "1i;1ai". Ho tu'lingminh 1


28/71

TU TRONG 01SAN

A' ~Trong chaumot sang tao tuyet voiGS HoANG CHUONG

Trong san khau tuong, tr6ng chau d6ng vaitro ra't quan trong. C6 nhieu loai tr6ng nhu:Tr6ng chien, tr6ng chau, tr6ng com. Trongnghe tudng ngiroi ta goi tr6ng chien la "pho sir"boi no dong vai tro quan trong nhat trong dannhac va trong budi bi~u dien. Do do dan gian dac6 cau:

Nghe reo tr6ng chie'nKhong khie'n ciing di...Tr6ng chien tir r'.lp hat rung len thi nhtrng ai

yeu tuorig khorig th~ nao ng6i yen 6 nha dU


29/71

xuat hien anh hai h~ tu6ng ra lam tro phe phannguoi earn chau bang cau chuyen vui co noi dungcham biem nguoi earn chau: Vi du:

T6 canh can qU? ireti dAuL ilU 12lU l?i r nt S t a'r n da trsu csi thung (Tuc la

danh tren mat tr6ng bilng da trau), NghIa la danhtr6ng chau khong dung each,khong c6 vu dien vien.

Trong kho tang giai thoai v~ tu6ng co cauchuyen k~ r~ng: thoi nha Nguyen (th~ ky 19) dtu dinh thuorig thu Le Van Duyet co mot ban hat,m6i l~n hat, nguoi earn chau dt nhien Ia ong b~uchu ho Le. Ong la nguoi khong thao hat tu6nglam, nhurig lai thuong ra ve hi~u biet va hoachhoe dien vien ... Vao mot budi dAuxuan, khi dangxem dien vd "Vo Thanh Lan" t6'i doan vai trungthan bi bon thoan nghich dudi danh, chay toi bosong va khorig biet sang ben bo bang each nao, thib6ng co mot con ca chep than n6i len cong ngtiC1itoi trung vuot gua song mroc. Ng6i ung dung trenminh ca chep, nguoi kep trong vai trung than camxuc ca't len gi9ng hat nam:

Cuai can a rn a qua mien hJi ng?nCotig tien boeng to r?ng duong non ...

Va tiep thea: Va'nvo ca 19inhu co ( ho ... ho)Anh kep hat vua lam dong tac nhu ng6i tren

minh ngua chu khong phai tren minh ca. Le VanDuyet cho 1 < : 1 dien sai lien earn dui tr6ng danh VaGthanh ti~ng "cac, dc", mieng 16'nti~ng gil:t:"Cachti dau phai la ngu'a rna ho, may"?

Bie'tvien guan khong thao tu6ng nhung hay raoai hiep dap kep hat, nen nguoi dien vien nhanhtri "ctrong" ra mot cau hat ti~p r~ng: IIHo ... ho...tu'dng dau 0 rna ai ngo ly ngu ...". Khong coneach nao quo trach duoc nguoi kep thOng minh,Le Van Duyet du gi~n, cling phai vung tay, danhmot h6i tr6ng thuo'ng...".

Tr6ng chau tren san khau tu6ng Viet Namthat doc dao lam cho nhung nha san khau h9Cphuong Tay phai ca ngoi va cho rang, day la hinhthuc co mot khorig hai tren th~ gi6'i. Bang tiec lamot sO'doan hat da be, cai tr6ng chau, mot dacdiem n6i bat cua san khau tu6ng, cung nhu caitr6ng chau trong nghe thuat ca tru, neu thieu nothi con gi g9i la tu6ng la ca tru? DInhien cai tr6ngchau trong tu6ng chi t6n tai va diroc phat huy khingiroi dien tu6ng hat dung va hat hay.

Canh dien trong mot vc tuonq


30/71

TU TRONG 01SAN

Ten ho that cua ong la Phan Long T rung , saudo i la i T ran Tan T rung , la i co ten rieng I;' M ong. . .Van - ca i ten tho ' m (Jng nay du '9 'C ong dung lamngh , danh trong c a c u(J c d oi. S in h th oi M (Jn g V anvon la m ot nha bao , m ot nhac sl, cu ng vu 'a la m ot. .. .soan g ia ; m oi 18nh vu 'c ong deu nO i b at vo i nh ieu. . .u 'u d iim Ion ; tH Ing tam cua ong vang do i khapno' i , tae pha m ngh , thu~t cua o ng m (Jt tho i du '9 'Ca i m o nhat. The m a tu ' tru 'oc nay ta i lieu no i v B.euac do i cua ong ra t h iem ho i, it a i b ie t nh ieu v Bngu 'o i n ghe s i ta i hoa nay, ca den th an nhan va de. .tu ' cu a on g m oi ngu 'o i cun g ch i b ie t du '9 'Cm (J t va iphu'o'ngdi ,n.

M Qng VanSoan gia k y talcua san khau est Iu'dngTRAN PRude TRU!NMqng Van sinh narn Canh Tuat (1910) tai langVTnh LQi t6ng Thanh Hoa tinh B


31/71

M.i den khi tron chay len Nam Vang ong mdi co thl gidnqhisn cCI'Ulai moi van de ve co nhac rna ong d. hocduoc. Mac du M(>ng Van don rat gi6i, nhunq ong khonqchi sienq nang luye n tieng don rna con chu 'I ve matsang tac. M(>t so dang men huynh de cua Mong VanWng noi ong d. chiu anh hu'dng ve tu tu'dng va viec lamcu a Trinh Thien Tu. lieu nay c6 Ie du ng, VI cac sangtac pharn cua ong da so deu muon "co" n6i "kim", da sodeu co 'I nghTa canh tan trong do.

Narn 1932, M(>ng Van d. viet xong mot kich banlen, day la vis cai hronq dau tay cua ong mang ten"Quan Cong hin thent:", Vd nay de cao tlnh be ban,long trung nghTa va tinh ngay thflng cua con ngu'di, Saukhi viet xong, M>ngVan nho ngu'di mang tap ban thaoxuong B


32/71

TU TRONG 01SAN

la cac va Ba nqon den xanh, Luai ben han quam, Benchien lOy, Hi nghi nhi cu'dng, Ngay v e cue thLidngbinh va va cudi cunq la f)ift nuac lam nguy viet xongVaG dau narn 1948. Narn d6 cOng la thai dim Mi;>ngVan lam berth, be nh cua ong canq luc canq n~ng, ongkhOng thg sang tac duoc nira. Han m9t narn sau, nam1949 ong tV gia coi doi.

8~c dim ngh$ thuat cua Mi;>ng Van la biet sangtao dung luc, dung thai digm, hQP vel nhu cau vdi th]hieu cua moi ngu'oi ; dong thai ong biet each cllng cocac sang tao d6 dg dua VaG phuc vu trong thuc tien:

- Ong da rnau sac h6a trang phuc dien vien va lam19n9 h3.ycanh trl san khau de tl;lo su hap dan cho nguoixem. Kich ban cua M(lng Van duoc khan gia Nam bi;>gOi la "tuang hu'ang xa kiem hiep".

- Ong da su dunq chuyen xua tlch cfi, cac truyentich Tay, Tau ... voi nhung tlnh tiet Iy ky, rung ron, gaycan ...de hlnh thanh kich ban Cai lucnq, de tuye n truyennhG'ng cai hay cai tot va de phan anh nhung hlnh anhc6 thuc trong xa hi;>i luc bay giO.

- Sang tao n6i bat nhat cua Meng Van la viec engsang tac mot so ban van d goi dau vo Vong c6 thaythe cho nhG'ng cau n6i loi da c6 tV xua. Ngoai ra trongkhi bien soan kich ban Mi;>ng Van thu'ong su dunqnhung nhac ban moi do chinh ong sang tac, dieu naykhac rat xa so vol soan gia khac, va cOng chinh dieunay da chung t6 ong c6 kha nang rat Ion trong viecsang tao nhac dieu. Theo loi cac de tV cua ong nhuBay Cao, Tam Van thl cac nhac ban loai nay c6 trencon so 30, nhunq hien nay chunq toi chi moi suu tamducc 09 ban c6 ghi day dll dau nhac d6 Ia: Quy phi tuytiru, Son 80ng hu'ong rna, Kieu nuonq, Ba hoa, GiangTo dieu ngu, Phonq nquyet, Tan phonq, Tan xai phi vaSuang chieu.

Trong cui;>c Hoi thao khoa hoc ve Hi$n tu'Qng Mi;>ngVan t6 chuc tl;!i thanh pho Ho Chi Minh ngay 29 thang03 nam 1991, ngh$ sT Bay Cao (Le Van Cao) da xacnh$n Mi;>ng Van la ngu'oi dau tien keo dai ban Ol;! c6hoai lang tV nhip 2 sang nhip 4 ma dien hlnh la baiBa Ly He, ong con n6i them: "Luc d6 ngh$ sT Tu' Chai(Huynh Thll Trung) cOng c6 sang tac mi;>t bai nhan dela Ac I~n non doai cOng theo the di$u nay". Nhung quaSl,i tra cuu thl VaG nhung nam trong th$p nien 30 cllathe ky nay, qua c6 2 bai tren va mi;>t so bai khac trongcac va cai luang clla Mong Van, nhu'ng tat ca nhG'ngbai d6 deu la nhung loi ca da ra doi sau ban 0 < ; 1 . c6 hoailang nhip 4 clla Trinh Thien Tu' rat lau; noi cach khacMi;>ng Van va mi;>t vai ngu'oi khac da can cu VaG longban 0 < ; 1 . c6 hoai lang nhip 4 dang c6 mat luc bay gio debien SOt so Iu'Qngtac phc1m doi dao nhu' the; vo hlnh trung da tra thanhmot trao Iu'u nghe thuat n6i chung hoac mot truong phaisan khau n6i rieng. SOl;!n gia Mi;>ng Van th$t dung lacon ngu'oi vu'Qt b$c. Chi rieng ve phan sang tac cllaong trong 16 nam cuoi doi da bien SO


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thoNGUYEN MINH PHUC

Tim la dieu bongTrd v~ ben kia song DuongTinY tim lei 1a dieu bOngBO'biii rang chi~u sc'fcdo6hay! CM dil len ngdngVi da u duyei: no deo bongAnh di khc'fp miei: quan hI?A oil Canh co bay 1af)au rdi cei 1a dieu bOng?Ngu ng lee "beri khong chdng"G{ip em dung dling u'6'mhoiNgu'O'i di am 0' ngoanh leiLa nay 1a 1a "yeu khong"Theo su6t mQt thO'i tre trungHJn day 1a 1a phieu bdngTu6'i chi~u da mdi t6c beeLa tbenl: sic sic kbong khong

"U timKi!t ihiic iro cboi u timChung minh kh6ng ai thc'fng cuocEm di v~ xuoi, anh nguocNbu tno kim day bin ssuTboi gian phil bee nuii dAuRung ru'ng giUa ngay g{ip m{itNI:l cuoi hi~n qua kh6e mc'ftEm can thici: tro u tim?Sao em dung d6 1{ing imNi!u dong thO'igian chay nguocChung minh may mc'fn thc'fng cuocG{ip nhau sau cUQc tr6n timU timU timU tim


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TU TRONG 01SANN udi9 chua thanh thiPH~M THANH HUNGAnh va Dang C1i,tOi, Pht;lm Thanh Hung, xe seu,

dang man Dt;li noc Tong ht1P vat anh day. Cau monganh ngan tnu thanh thim. cuo so ghi ehep cu anhchOng tot khong tim tha'y. Hay anh mang no di theo!Dem anh ra di, khi ngot bom, toi van nghe chim cugay da'y. Tieng hot thong thiet qua. Co phai han anhgqi, hay tieng gqi mue nr vung da't Thanh Liem queanh vqng tal! NhCtng ba; tna sot trong so tuu ntemben be cue anh da in ga'n het. Chi Nguyen Sinh, anhLe Quang Trang, anh NguyenThe Khoa va bt;ln becung lop ma'y nem ga'n day da nho ngay 23 thang4, cLing ni nhau ve Thanh Liem gio anh. Ngh7a trangnay rQng lam. esc Ii~t s7 dt;li dQi minh khOng auacxep cenn nhau. Sau tren 23-4, con nhieu ngudi nCtanga xuong, rai rec nam quanh thilnh Quang Tr} vaven song Sa Long ...H ai muoi narn qua, Cli den cuoi thang rv, khi cacdu'dng pho thu do do sam rnau co, tu'ng blingkl niem nqay mien Nam hoan toan giai phonq,xen Ian trong niern vui chung, to i lai thay long bucnda diet. Noi buon d6 gan lien vdi noi nho mot dongdoi da tli biet mai tru'dng 8H Tong hop Ha Noi, lendu'dng chien dau. Anh vao chien tru'dng vo: khat vonqtrb thanh nha tho. Nhu'ng uoc vonp chua thanh, anh dahy sinh. VI sao? VI anh da song va tuan thu cai logiccua thuc tai: To qucc dang can cac anh hung, truce khican thi si.

That ra toi biet ve anh khong nhieu. Nhunq nhu'ngdieu ft oi rna toi chu'ng kien cung du d hiu mot conngu'di. Bbi VI nhu'ng dieu toi biet la biet trong chien tranh- mot cuoc chien tranh nhu 10 ILia da lam 10 sang tat canhLi'ng gl co kha nang phat sang. 86 thuc su la mot cuocthLi ILia, phan biet yang thau, chunq minh that rach roichan qia tri cua moi ca nhan truce cQng dong dan t9C.Toi duoc bo sung VaG don vi phao cao xa 371y cuaSu dean 308 khi ca su dean bo binh nay dang cap tochanh quan VaG Quang Tri, Vlia VaG don vi, chan u'otchan rae chua kip lam quen vdi ai thl toi da duoc an VaGtay mQt khuc go ba c


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mlnh, n6 thu'dng bay ve phfa ay, Giang nay tinh matlam, Td la "dan cua dong" nen giong chim nay to hieulam, t.oai chim nay khonq thfch an san dau. Cau co treotui th6c nay ben canh to thi n6 ciinq khonq an, N6 thfchlao dong, IU'QmI~t len tLl'mat dat co. Mieng an phai lamlap, c6 mu i bu n daL

- Chac anh hay lam the) lam nhi? -Toi db hoi, Nghe toichuyen sang chuyen tho phu, doi mat dang day V8 hannhien, tinh nqhich cua anh t!,.l'nhien toi lai, sau tharn tharn.

- 8ung ra thl to rat ye u tho, nhunq lai ft lam tho,Nghe n6i cau la sinh vie n Tong hQP Van phai khonq?To cung hoc Ci day ra. Theo to, neu co dinh viet lach githl nen viet van, viet truyen. Tho, xet cho cunq, van 11nqon ngu' doc thoai, ngon ngu' tam tlnh. Ma cuoc chientranh nay thl than ky, du' di?i tOi mire kh6 hieu, N6 canmot thu nqon ngCi', phirc hQP, da thanh thl moi hien lenduoc mat giay",

Nghe anh triet Iy truu tu'Qng qua, toi phat nqai. Voicai von lieng van chuonq cua sinh vien narn thu' nhat,toi chiflng dai gi rna sa VaG tranh luan voi anh. Toi giavO' quay lai chuyen nuoi chirn. Tro chuyen mot lat, tci vaanh hen S8 thay nhau chat la cay, che them cho to chirn.Boi vi sam muon gl, cay sim bi bom nay cung chet. Bietdau trClng chim nO ra va mot nqay nao d6, chunq toi S8nghe thay tieng chim gu", Viec chat la nguy trang cho tochim da thanh chuyen rieng cua toi va anh. Khong n6ira nhu'ng ca hai deu biet neu chuyen Ii? ra, nhieu ngu'dise coi d6 11mot chuyen ngo ngiln, Chfnh tr] vien don vilai dinh kien nang han ve mot "trf thirc mo ho",

Nhunq rai cai conp viec nga ngEin do, ca hai chunqtoi da khonq kip lam,Chfn gid sang hom sau, tieu dean phao mat dat bencanh no sung, ban cap tap VaG cu diem 80ng Ha, chivien cho be binh ta tan conq. May bay My bay den oanhtac tieu dean phao mat dat 8en n r c t chunq toi, ca bonco phao 37 lai phai ban may bay, bao ve cho don vi phaodU'oi dat yen tam "lam viec". Suet mot nqay chien dau,dai doi chunq toi tuy khonq ban roi duoc chiec may baynao, nhu'ng da th!,.l'cS!,.l 'h


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TU TRONG 01SAN

NHO NHUNG NGA Y DI V E? A' "c CH IEN TRUONG KHO 5Mua xuan narn 1972 (j chien truong khu 5.Thoi gian nay, Ti@uban Van ngh~ dangdong tren dia ban nuoc Ngheu, thuoc xa

Poa, huyen Tra My. An Tt Nguyen dan Nham Tfxong, t6i va nha van Nay N6 len duong di chiendich D~c To - Tan Canh, tinh Kon Tum.

Hoa SI Nguyen Xuan An vira moi t6t nghisph~ so trung cua Trucng My thuat Ha NQi, duccbo' sung vao Ti@uban Tuyen truyen, trong BanTuyen huan Khu 5. An xin t6i cho em cung ra mattran, T6i khuyen va dan em: Lan nay anh di phiatruoc, se gian nan va ac li~t liim, chua biet s6ngchet ra sao. Em moi vao, con la ruroc Ia cai, laichua quen voi chien trucng. Em nho giu gin sirekhoe, M chuyen sau anh se dua em cung di ve.An khoac ba-Io di tif'n t6i tron mot ngay duorig,

Ho~ 81 GIANG NGUYEN THAI

hoa SI Siu Man. Nay N6 1.1nha van Tay Nguyen,anh len 16i theo cac gia lang M viet v~ d6ng baodan tQC.Dau buori thay, sau gan mra nam, tci tUmat tran tn1 v~ thi hoa SI An da khOng con! Em bis6t ret ac tinh va kh6ng qua kho i, T6i ngarn nguidap nhung vien da nho len nam mo noi An narnlai ben bo' su6i, l' J vung D6c Voi. ..Chi l' J D6c Voi chung vai ba thang, sau khi dondean hoa SI moi duoc mien B~c cu vao, Tiu banVan nghe lai chuyen xuong Tra My, (j cung voiBan Tuyen huan, Tai day, hoa SI Ha Xuan Phongda lam du'oc mot ng6i nha hai tang ra't to dep.Anh con van v~ ca mot bQ g6c cay co day du rf',diroc vat ra't kheo va nhan d lam ban gh giuasan. Cac tiu ban Tuyen truyen, Huan hoc, Thongta'n xa, Dien anh, dai Vi-ba, Nha in C9... cling

l' J loanh quanh khu vue do. Sau Daihoi Doan thanh nien Ciai phorig cac coquan Khu uy (j Tra My, thang 10 narn1972, toi va cac nha van Hoang SO'n,Nguyen Kh~c Phuc, nha bao DuongDue Quang Iai khoac ba-lo, deo capve di c6ng tacoChuyen nay chung t6iv~ tharn nhap thuc t (j chien truongQuang Nam Da Nang.

Virot qua deo Le, deo Da Dam ...chung t6i v~ thang Ban Tuyen huantinh, ch6 anh Nguyen Dinh An, anhHai Hqc. CO' quan dang d6ng quanl' J vung nui M~t R~n, Hon Tau NuiChua. Tai day churig t6i bi mot tranB52 suyt chet, Sau do chung toi v~cac xa Xuyen Thanh, Xuyen Hoa cua

huyen Duy Xuyeri. Toi di then cac donvi bQ dQi dia phuong M ve v~ du kich va nhandan vung giai ph6ng. Hai nha van Hoang SO'nvaNguyf'n Kh~c Phuc thi di vit v~ dan bam tru.Nha bao Duong Dire Quang thi v~ han voi anh emThong tan xa. C6 nhieu ngay chung toi phai chaygi


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Nha tho' Duong Huong Ly da v~ day til vai bathang truce. Anh day cluing toi na'u cam trongmu'a va chay gi~c diroi nhung vat boi, Loai caynay hoi gio'ng cay say, cao toi ba bo'n met, la vuondai xanh muot. Na'u corn sao khong co khoi vid6n dich d6ng Ci sat gan. Lau lau chung lai phaokich 21m21mxuo'ng vung Go N6i. May bay trinhsat OV10, true thang chien da'u HUlA, r6i tau gaothuorig xuyen lung S\lCtren dau,

Toi da ve dircc nhieu chan dung cac ba meanh hung, cac chien SI du kich, cac co giao liendung cam ... Toi lai di ve cac chien S1 qua camtrong dQi Bi~t dQng Le DQ. Du'q'c nghe kg;'nhieutran danh tao bao, nhieu chien cong yang doi cuacac co gai, nhung chien S1 tre mang, danh gi~cngay trong thanh pho, ngay trong sao huyet kethu. Chieu 29 thang 1 narn 1973, toiv~ Giang Lava ra ve l'f du Cam Ly, ngay ducri chan d6n gi~cB6 B6, trong ngay dau tien ngilng ban cu a Hiepdinh Pa-ri. Mci ghi chep ducc vai ba ki hoa v~dorig bao ta dm cO' giu da't thi dich trao tro phahoai Hiep dinh. Xe tang lQi nucc M113 vua ban,vu'a "gi" chung toi. Toiva San, Phuc theo du kichchay men thea cac bo ruong cao de' tranh dan,Chay suet til chieu toi gan 3 giD' sang moi v~ toiXuyen Thanh. 80i va met ra rO'i. Ca may anh emcung la di. Na'u cern chua kip chin da voi yang an.Lua hat cern vao mieng thay v~n can song suorig!Sau nhung ngay nay, Ban tuyen huan tinh Cll hoaS1Due Hanh dan t6i di vi':'Civung B Dai LQc. Hanhto't nghiep Tru'O'ng My thuat c6ng nghiep Ha NQi.Anh vao chien truorig til nhung nam 65, 66. Hanhthap va nho nguoi nhung vo cung nhanh nhen,Chi moi nghe tieng phao de-pa, anh da lao vutvao t~n g6c sau trong ham tru a'n. Toi chiu khOngthe' theo duoc anh v~ su nhanh nheri nay. Phan vic~p V l~nh k~nh, nhi~u Ian ngu'O'i chui du'q'c vaoh21m rna ba-lo van miic k~t ben ngoai!

Chung toi v~ DSti LQc trong mQt bu6i chi~ugan to'i. HoSt S1Hc:tnh ra't quen thuQc dia ban. Anhd~n t6i bang d6ng, lQi nu'lic ng~p tl1i thiit lu'ng. V~Wi chq' Phu Thuan thi trO'i da to'i mit. Chq' hqp tilbu6i chi~u tlii t~n dem khuya. KhOng ai du'q'c thiipden. Chi c6 nhung anh den pin la'p loang, du'q'cbit kin vlii mQt 16 anh sang nh6 xiu. Ra't nhi~u bQdQi, chie'n S1Wi mua hang de' chuye'n len can cu.Hom d6, hoc:t S1Duc Hc:tnh chieu dai toi mQt buam! ong PMt na'u voi ca hQp, r6i d.n t6i vaG nhamQt can bQ cci sCide' nghi nhO'. Nha l'fngay be'n doGiang Hoa.

ThO'i gian nay toi da ghi chep du'q'c kha nhi~uki hoSt. Co anh du kich gai min tren cay de' danh

Tau gao; co nhirng 6 d~ khang va chot phuc kichcua nu dan quan, Cac co con tre nhu'ng tinh thanchien dau thi v6 cung dang ne' phuc, a vungXuyen Thanh h6i do can vu'o'ng vai ra't nhieu viengc:teh e


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TRONG801 SONGHOM NAY

NHA THd THU BON

1.Mua lut 1983 toi ghe Hue, tlnh co gap nha thoThu Bon dang uong ruou Ci nha nha van HoangPhu Ngoc Tu'Cing. Anh dang su'Cing VI cau n6ingay tho va rat nen tho cua be Hoang D


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con phe cOng tLl' chci. Anh quyet dinh "dgy" chiec xemay vec-pa, nhu'ng ngu'oi hen mua kh6ng tOi. Lien rutoi den nha nha van Ngo Thao xuc may kf ge;!o ra choAm Phu deli lay ruou va thit ch6. The la ban be keo denuong rucu, doc tho. Toi hom ay, toi va Thu Bon ngutren san thuonq nha Nguyn Thuy Kha (cunq ng6 voiNg6 Thao). Ngu tren san thu'qng that mat me, phonqkhcanq, nhunq qua nLl'a dem troi del rnua. So phien vochong Kha, toi va anh cucn chieu xuong hanh lang canhcau thang ngu tiep. Nao ngo can dU'ong chuot chay.Mot con chuot cong da can VaG t ran Thu Bon, toe mau.Sang ra, vq Kha hot hcanq, tim bong bang bang lai vetthuonq cho anh. Ngo Thao thuonq qua, tel chuc mot tiecruou d "chia buon" voi thi sl bi chuot can. CU9C nroutoan nhO'ng nha tho nha van Ifnh. Bong co hai co gai HaN9i rat xinh den tharn "thuonq binh", ho ao VaG ngoi haiben ta hu'u Thu Bon rna ... rot ruou. Nha nqhien cuu phebinh 8ElO Thai Ton xuat hie n, doi ngoi canh Thu Bon d"nqhien cuu" vet thu'ong tren tran anh, nhunp hai co gaiquyet co thu. Ho Dao that the, bong xuat than doc cautho sau chu- tra mieng hai co gai:

Anh ngan den ctiuot cOng them!Cau tho xuat than bat ngo duoc vo tay tan thu'bng,

khien hai co do mat, V9i nhu'ong cho cho ho Dao ngoi benThu Bon d "nqhlen CLM' vet thuonq va ruou lang Van.

Sau hom do toi lam bai tho "NhCi'ng n n tho' Ifnh" deti:\.ng Thu Bon, c6 hai cau ket:

Kh6ng phEli khach an thea khOng phai tno g?t giumNhCing nn tho qua mEW ICiachien tru'ong!

3. Vang! Thu Bon la mot nha tho Ifnh thuc thu. Anhten that la Ha Due Tronq, sinh ngay 1.12.1935 tai QuangNam, noi c6 con song Thu Bon cat trang dau xanh rnaanh lay lam but danh d ta an que hu'ong minh. Anh gianhap quan doi cuci CU9C khang chien chong Phap sauvai narn di day hoc, va trong cuoc khanq chien chongMI, anh bam tru (j chien tru'ong Trung Trung Bo cho dennqay dat nuoc thong nhat rnci ve lam bien tap 0 tap chfVan Ngh$ Ouan 89i. Anh la nha tho rat n6i tieng voitap tru'ong ca Be! ca chim Chraa (1964) duoc trfch giangtrong sach giao khoa, doat giai thu'ong Hoa Sen cua hiephoi nha van A-Phi va giai thu'ong van hoc Nguyn DlnhChieu. Anh da xuat ban nhieu tap tho, dac biet la di'lin hang loat tru'ong ca dai hoi nhu Cempuctiie hi vonq,Bazan khat, Oran 76 nqon, v.v...dong thai anh cOng lamot nha van xuoi sung but voi nhieu tap tiu thuyet vietve chien tranh va each rnanq nhu Ch6'p trang, Duai dammay meu cent: vac, Xa cang mien Tay, f)lnh nu! ...Thovan anh c6 the vf vdi dong song day ghenh thac, cuonxiet va reo qoi. Tam han anh luon khoe rnanh, varn va.Anh la mot ngu'oi khai pha tren cac nqon nui doi song,cay xoi tung len ca dat tot va dat sci bac rnau. 8at tot vadat xau anh deu gieo hat van tho va gi:\.t hai b9i thu saunhu'ng rnua gieo vai, Ngoi but anh gam SE W VaG nhu'ngde tai mang tfnh anh hung ca, nhunq ciinq chan hoa mauIe trong nhu-ng bi thuonq, dau kh6 cua kiep ngu'oi. C6 lucnghe anh nqarn tho rna tu'ong nhu anh dang kh6c:

Uiy khan me g6i bo voTay cam nuoc mat sCing so ctiiem baa.

Nha tho Thu Bon va Nguyen Tronq T,: IO(giua)

\ /11M tIl.eM 3 9V IET NAM


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TRONG801 SONGHOM NAY

C6 khi le! thify anh nhu mot ke da tinh te! hoa:Thai dLing cong niie Ian miTrai sinh con mat khOi di du'dng vong,Trong mot bai tho tl,.1hoa tiflng tap chf Cira Viet viet narn

1990, Thu Bon tu nhan mlnh la "Con Xa MEw toi nqhiep".La'y x6 toi cenh nti lam t6 a m . Ta din thEW vong

quanh dg buoc VaG gia'c ngu me kh6ng bao gid ngu, Conruoi tuon tiuoc mat ta, con kien can bl,mg ta, con bo ch6chui VaG miii ta, con mea den gian ca'u giac ngu ra

,,,Ta la con X a Mau", lam song giac ngu ngon cuebao ngu'di cM moi.

,,,Ta la con X a Mau xep hq_ng cung phu'dng ch6hoang, ch6 ctie rong, ch6 gM, ch6 dien, ch6 ng6", lamuc tieu cho nhO'ng chiec day thLlng", NhO'ng tay sanho ban tie, nen votu; chit Mng sua ta tU ' trong c6 h9ng -tieng sua trung binh trd tMnh phan onuc - con X a Maub! mai ptiuc giU'a hai Ian aen cneo sung cue nnerir:

",Hay cat gia'u tieng keu VaG bCi'Cvecn tio! xanh, tanam nghieng iren bd bign dong tien da'u muon tiqonnui khOa s6ng Ian tinh vai trang sao",

lay la bai tho Thu Bon viet vao tho] kl d6i mci,ngam ngQi ve con ngu'oi rnlnh, con ngu'oi tu nquyenhien dang cho SI,1 nqhiep, nhunq cOng la su chia setan day long vai nhO'ng

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Văn hiến Việt Nam số tháng 12 năm 2011