romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) · romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) saojaxo samarTali patriarqaluri urTierTobebis rRvevis Sedegad mamis xelisufleba TandaTan Semcirda da agnaturi naTesaobis

romis samarTali(safuZvlebi)

saojaxo

samarTali

2011 1DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) saojaxo samarTali

romauli ojaxi patriarqalur xasiaTsatarebda. ojaxis saTaveSi idgaojaxis ufrosi (pater familias), romelsac ojaxis yvela wevrieqvemdebareboda; Tavdapirvelad maserTnairi Zalaufleba gaaCnda colze, Svilze, maT STamomavlebze, monebsaTu sxva nivTebze... uZveles xanaSimamis Zalaufleba ganusazRvreli iyo, misadmi daqvemdebarebulni kisruliad uufleboni iyvnen.



erTsa da imave ojaxis mamis Zalauflebisadmi daqvemdebarebiT ganisazRvreboda Tavdapirveli naTesaoba, e.w. agnaturi naTesaoba. amgvari naTesaobis SemTxvevaSi qaliSvili, romelic gaTxovdeboda da axali ojaxis wevri xdeboda, aRar iTvleboda Tavisi mamis, Zmis da a.S. naTesavad da raime memkvidreobas maTgan aRar miiRebda; imavdroulad, Tu ojaxis mama vinmes Svilad aiyvanda, es ukanaskneli am ojaxis agnati xdeboda.



patriarqaluri urTierTobebisrRvevis Sedegad mamis xelisuflebaTandaTan Semcirda da agnaturinaTesaobis adgili daikava sisxliTnaTesaobam, anu kognaturmanaTesaobam. aseT SemTxvevaSigaTxovili qaliSvili aRarkargavda Tavis ojaxTan naTesaurkavSirs da memkvidreobisuflebasac.



saojaxo samarTlis mniSvnelovaninstituts qorwineba warmoadgens.

qorwinebas win uswrebda niSnoba daamdenad niSnobasa da qorwinebasTandakavSirebuli sakiTxebi romaeliiuristebis interess warmoadgenda.

`niSnoba aris momavali qorwinebisdaTqma (xseneba) da ormxrividapireba.~ florentinusi, digestebi, wigni 23,

tituli I, 1.



`xolo `niSnobas~ (sponsalia)saxeliewoda [sityvisagan] `dapireba~ (spondere), vinaidan Zvelebs TavianTimomavali colebis stipulirebisada dapirebis Cveuleba hqondaT.~ ulpiane, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli I, 2.

`da aqedan warmoiSva saxelwodeba _ [daniSnuli] saqmro (sponsus) dasacole (sponsa). florentinusi, digestebi, wigni23, tituli I, 3.



`niSnoba iseve rogorc qorwinebakontrahentebis Tanxmobis safuZvelzexorcieldeba da amitomac saWiroa, romòjaxis qaliSvilma~ rogorcqorwinebis, aseve niSnobis dros TavisiTanxmoba gamoxatos.~ iuliane, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli I, 11.

`niSnobisas imave pirTa Tanxmobaa saWiro, romelTa Tanxmobaa saWiro qorwinebisdrosac. iuliane wers, rom qaliSvilismama yovelTvis Tanaxmad iTvleba, Tukiigi uaryofiT azrs aSkarad argamoxatavs.~ pavlusi. digestebi, wigni 23, tituli I, 7.



`magram qaliSvili, romelic mamis nebas arewinaaRmdegeba, Tanaxmad iTvleba.

magram mamis SewinaaRmdegebis uflebaqaliSvils mxolod maSin eZleva, rodesacmama mas uRirsi znis an saxelgatexilsaqmros aurCevs.~ ulpiane, digestebi, wigni 23,

tituli I, 12.

`Tu ojaxis vaJiSvili Tanaxma ar aris, [maSin] misi saxeliT niSnobis daweseba arSeiZleba.~ pavlusi, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli I, 13.



niSnobisaTvis garkveuli pirobebisarseboba iyo saWiro, erTerTimaTgans saqmros an sacolissulieri janmrTeloba warmoadgenda: `TavisTavad cxadia, rom SeSlilobaniSnobis dabrkolebas warmoadgens, magram [niSnobis] Semdeg damdgariSeSliloba niSnobas Zalas arukargavs.~ gaiusi, digestebi, wigni 23, tituliI, 17.



asaki _ `niSnobis dawesebasTandakavSirebiT kontrahentebis asakigansazRvruli ar aris, rogorc esaris qorwinebis SemTxvevaSi. risgamoc daniSvna adreul asakSicaris SesaZlebeli, oRond Tu orivemxares esmis is, rasac isiniakeTeben, e.i. Tu isini Svid wlamdeasakisani ar arian.~ modestinusi, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli I, 14.



forma_`niSnobis ganxorcielebisaTvisnaklebi mniSvneloba aqvs imas, Sesrulda Tu ara igi [uSualod] mxareTa mier an maTi TandaswrebiT, Suamavlis an werilis meSveobiT Turaime sxva saSualebiT. da TiTqmisyovelTvis niSnoba Suamavali pirebis(`macneebis~) meSveobiT xorcieldeba.~ulpiane, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli I, 18.



niSnobis Semdeg qorwinebamde SesaZloaramdenime welic gasuliyo _ `xSiradkanonieri safuZveli da aucileblobaaWianurebs niSnobas ara marto erTi an ori, aramed sami, oTxi an ufro metiwliTac. rogorc, magaliTad, saqmros an sacolis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, an mSoblebis gardacvaleba, an mZimedanaSaulis [Cadena], an aucileblobiTgamowveuli mogzauroba.~ gaiusi, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli I, 17.



`qorwineba aris mamakacisa daqalis kavSiri, mTelicxovrebis erTianoba, RvTiuri da adamianurisamarTlis erToba.~

modestinusi, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli II, 14.



romis samarTali erTmaneTisaganganasxvavebda ori saxis qorwinebas:

1. kanonieri qorwineba _ qorwineba impirTa Soris visac gaaCnda iusconubii, anu romael moqalaqeTaSoris;

2. qorwineba im pirTa Soris, visac argaaCnda ius conubii, magaliTadperegrinTa Soris.



qorwinebisagan gansxvavdeboda konkubinati. es iyo kanoniT daSvebuli, qalisa damamakacis mudmivi (da ara SemTxveviTi) Tanacxovreba, romelic kanonieriqorwinebis moTxovnebs ar pasuxobda. aseTSemTxvevaSi qali ar iRebda qmrissocialur mdgomareobas da bavSvebi areqvemdebarebodnen mamis xelisuflebas. miuxedavad romauli ojaxismonogamiurobisa, respublikis xanaSimamakacisaTvis dasaSvebi iyo erTdrouladyofiliyo kanonier qorwinebaSic dayoloda konkubina.



romis samarTali ganasxvavebda aseve cum manu da sine manu qorwinebas:

• cum manu qorwinebis dros coli gadadioda qmris xelisuflebaSi (an qmris mamis xelisuflebaSi, Tu qmariTviTon iyo mamisadmi daqvemdebarebuli)

• sine manu qorwinebis dros ki coli rCeboda Tavisi (Zveli) ojaxis mamisdaqvemdebarebaSi, an rCebodadamoukidebel pirad, Tu aseTi iyogaTxovebamde.



kanonieri qorwinebisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebi:1. ius conubii;

2. mxareTa Tanxmoba;3. asaki;4. ar unda yofiliyo suliT avadmyofi (SeSlili);5. mxareebi ar unda yofiliyvnen qorwinebaSi;6. naTesauri kavSirebis arqona;7. senators (an mis Svils) ar SeeZlo gaazatebulze

an Teatris msaxiobze daqorwineba;8. provinciis magistratis warmomadgenels ar

SeeZlo provinciis mcxovrebze daqorwineba;9. saqorwino rituali (aseve colis Seyvana qmris saxlSi).



`xolo romis moqalaqeebi erTmaneTze kanonieradqorwindebian im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini erTmaneTTankavSirs kanonTa miTiTebebis Sesabamisad amyareben. amasTan mamakacebi srulwlovanebis, xolo qalebiki sqesobrivi simwifis miRwevis Semdeg, da araaqvs mniSvneloba, isini ojaxis mamebi arian Tuojaxis Svilebi. magram ojaxis Svilebs, gardaamisa, mSoblebis Tanxmobac unda hqondeT[miRebuli], mSoblebisa, romelTa xelisuflebisqveSac isini imyofebian. es rom, marTlac, ase undaxdebodes, amas moiTxovs rogorc civiluri, asevebunebiTi [samarTlis] danawesebi ise, rom mSoblisneba [yvelaze] win unda iyos dayenebuli.instituciebi, wigni I, tituli X.



àr SeiZleba [da]qorwineba, Tu ar arisTanxmoba yvela [mxarisa], e.i. im pirebisa, romlebic qorwindebian da aseve impirebisa, romelTa xelisuflebis qveSisini imyofebian.~ pavlusi, digestebi, wigni 23,

tituli II, 2.

`pirs, romlis mama mtrebs tyved Cauvarda, colis moyvana SeuZlia [im SemTxvevaSi], Tumama [tyveobidan] sami wlis ganmavlobaSiar dabrunda.~ ulpiane, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli II, 2.



`mamis xelisuflebidanganTavisuflebul vaJiSvils mamisTanxmobis gareSe SeuZlia colisSerTva da [am qorwinebaSi] gaCenilivaJiSvili misi memkvidre iqneba.~ modestinusi, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli II, 25.

àr SeiZleba, rom ojaxis vaJiSvilscolis moyvana aiZulon.~ terencius-

klemensi, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli II, 21.



`Tu mamis iZulebis SedegadvaJiSvilma coli moiyvana, romelsac igi Tavisi nebiT arSeirTavda, magram saqorwinoxelSekruleba mainc dado, romelic mxareTa TanxmobisgareSe ar ideba, iTvleba, rom man es (daqorwineba) airCia.~ celsusi,

digestebi, wigni 23, tituli II, 22.



`Tormet wlamde asakis qaliSvili(sacole) maSin xdeba kanonieri coli, rodesac mas qmarTan yofnisas Tormetiweli Seusruldeba.~ pomponiusi, digestebi, wigni23, tituli II, 4.

`SeSliloba qorwinebis damabrkolebeli[faqtoria], vinaidan igi orive mxarisTanxmobas saWiroebs, magram sworaddamyarebul qorwinebas SeSliloba araferxebs.~ pavlusi, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli II, 4.



naTesobad ganixileboda sisxliT naTesaobada moyvroba, xolo qristianobis aRiarebisSemdeg, sulieri naTesaobac.

sisxliT naTesaoba ganisazRvrebodaxazebiTa da xarisxebiT:

• pirdapiri xazia erTmaneTisganwarmoSobili naTesavebi (mag. mama-Svili, papa-SviliSvili da sxva) _ aRmavali dadaRmavali xaziT naTesavebi (daRmavalia: Svili, SviliSvili, SviliSvislis Svili; aRmavalia: mama, papa da a.S.);

• gverdiTi xazia _ saerTo winapridanwarmoSobili (mag. Zmebi, biZaSvilebi)



naTesaobis xarisxs dabadebaTa raodenobagansazRvravda, ase magaliTad mama-Svilipirveli xarisxis naTesavebi iyvnen, papa da SviliSvili meore, Zmebi _ meore daa.S.

ikrZaleboda qorwineba pirdapiri xazisnaTesavebs Soris da im gverdiTi xazisnaTesavebs Soris, romelTagan erTisaerTo winapris mimarT pirvelixarisxis naTesavia (e.i. dauSvebeli iyoqorwineba da-Zmas, deida-diswuls Soris; dasaSvebi iyo mag. biZaSvilebs Soris).



àr SeiZleba qorwineba arsebobdes im pirTaSoris, romlebic miekuTvnebian mSoblebsda bavSvebs (e.i. arian aRmavali dadaRmavali xazis naTesavebi) uaxloesidan(ufro) Soreul xarisxamde da a.S. usasrulod.~gaiusi, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli II, 53.

`me ar SemiZlia colad SevirTo disSviliSvilis Svili, radgan me misimSoblis adgili mikavia~ pavlusi, digestebi,

wigni 23, tituli II, 39.



`ZmiSvilis an diSvilis colad SerTva arSeiZleba, magram arc Zmis SviliSvilis an disSviliSvilis colad moyvana SeuZlia vinmes, Tumca isini meoTxe xarisxis naTesavebi arian.~ instituciebi, wigni I, tituli X, 3.

`ra Tqma unda, visi qaliSvilis colad SerTvacar SemiZlia, imis arc SviliSvilze daqorwinebaaris nebadarTuli.~ inctituciebi, wigni I, tituli X, 3.

`xolo ori Zmis an ori dis, an kidev Zmisa dadis bavSvebs erTmaneTTan daqorwinebaSeuZliaT.~ instituciebi, wigni I, tituli X, 4.



`Tu me Cemi xelisuflebis qveS myavsmamrobiTi sqesis SviliSvili erTivaJisagan da mdedrobiTi sqesisSviliSvili meore vaJiSvilisagan, maSin, rogorc pomponiusi wers, maT Sorisqorwineba mxolod Cemi TanxmobiTSeiZleba da es [savsebiT] sworia.~pavlusi, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli II, 3.

`Tu pirma colad vinme im pirTaganmoiyvana, romelTa colad SerTva CvenCveulebiT gvekrZaleba, amboben, rom man sisxlis aRreva (incesti) Caidina.~ pavlusi, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli II, 39.



`saWiroa aseve zogierT qalTandaqorwinebisagan Tavis Sekavebamoyvrobis pativiscemis gamoc. asemagaliTad, ar SeiZleba geris an rZliscolad moyvana, radgan orivesqaliSvilis mdgomareoba ukaviaT.~ instituciebi,wigni I, tituli X, 6.

àseve akrZalulia sidedrisa dadedinacvlis colad SerTva, vinaidan maTdedis mdgomareoba ukaviaT.~ instituciebi,wigni I, tituli X, 7.

2011 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI 28


`papiusis kanoni iTvaliswinebs, rom yvelaTavisufal pirad dabadebuls, senatorebisa damaTi bavSvebis garda, SeuZlia coladgaazatebuli moiyvanos.~celsiusi, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli II, 39.

`[saqorwino] kavSiris dros, yovelTvis, mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT ara marto is, racdaSvebulia, aramed agreTve isic, rac Rirseulia.

Tu senatoris qaliSvili, SviliSvili an SviliSvilis Svili gaTxovdeba gaazatebulze an im pirze, romelic `sxvebis gasarTobi xelobiT~ aris dasaqmebuli, qorwineba ar iarsebebs.~ modestinusi, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli II, 42.



`Tu piri romelime provinciaSiTanamdebobazea daniSnuli, mas arSeuZlia im qalis colad SerTva,, romelic am provinciidan ariswarmoSobiT an iq sacxovrebeli binagaaCnia...~ pavlusi, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli II, 42.

Tumca aseTi qalis daniSvna SesaZlebeli iyo, Tanamdebobidan gadadgomis Semdeg kidaqorwineba; aseve Tu TanamdebobazedaniSvnamde iyo misi sacole; da arc qaliSvilis gaTxoveba da mziTevis daniSvnaikrZaleboda imave provinciaSi.



`kohortis Tu cxenosani jaris prefeqtmaan tribunma akrZalvis (interdiqtis) miuxedavad colad SeirTo qali improvinciidan, romelSic is TavisTanamdebobriv funqciebs asrulebda. [am SemTxvevaSi] qorwineba ar iarsebebs. esSemTxveva unda SevadaroT meurvisa damis meurveobaSi myofi oboli qaliSvilisqorwinebas, radgan [orive SemTxvevaSi] qorwinebas xelisuflebis arsebobakrZalavs.~ papiane, digestebi, wigni 23, tituli II, 42.



qorwinebis Sewyveta:1. erTerTi meuRlis gardacvalebiT;2. erTerTi meuRlis mier Tavisuflebis an

moqalaqeobis dakargviT;3. ganqorwinebiT.ganqorwineba SesaZlebeli iyo orive mxaris

TanxmobiT an erTerTi mxaris moTxovniT, SemdegSemTxvevebSi:

• Ralatis;• mkvlelobis mcdelobis;• sqesobrivi cxovrebisaTvis uvargisobis;• monasterSi aRkvecis.



meuRleTa Soris urTierTobacum manu qorwinebis dros coli gadaioda

qmris (an misi ojaxis mamis) daqvemdebarebaSi da iyo SvilebismdgomareobaSi. Tavdapirvelad qmrisZalaufleba ganusazRvreli iyo, TumcadroTa ganmavlobaSi man dakargacolis mokvlisa da gayidvis ufleba; colis mTeli qoneba gadadioda qmrissrul sakuTrebaSi da qorwinebisSewyvetis Semdegac colis mier ojaxSimitanili qoneba ukan ar ubrundeboda.



sine manu qorwinebis dros coli Tavisi mamis ojaxis wevrad an damoukideblad rCeboda; is iRebdaqmris wodebas da meuRlissacxovrebeli adgili savaldebuloxdeboda misTvis; meuRleTa qonebagayofili iyo; colis qonebis marTvaqmars mxolod misi TanxmobiTSeeZlo; colis SenaZenic misqonebaSi gadadioda.



mziTevi dosZv. w. II s-dan mziTvis mimarT dadgindagansazRvruli samarTlebrivi reJimi; col-qmars Soris ideboda zepiri SeTanxmeba, romlis mixedviTac qmari iRebda TavisTavze valdebulebas daebrunebina mziTeviqorwinebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi; Tu aseTiSeTanxmeba ar iyo, mziTevi iuridiuladrCeboda qmris sakuTrebaSi, Tumca qmarianderZiT utovebda mas cols. mogvianebiTqorwinebis Sewyvetis Semdeg cols nebismier SemTxvevaSi ubrundeboda mziTevi.



mSoblebsa da Svilebs Soris qonebriviurTierToba

• Svilebi garigebas mamis saxeliT debdnen;

• deliqtis SemTxvevaSi pasuxismgebloba mamazegadadioda an Svils aZlevda dazaralebuls;

• pekuliumi mamis sakuTrebad ganixileboda;

• samxedro pekuliumi _ anderZis ararsebobisSemTxvevaSi mamis sakuTrebaSi gadadioda;

• kvazi samxedro pekuliumi _ saxelmwifo, sasuliero an saadvokato saqmianobidanmiRebuli Semosavali (IV s-dan).



mamis xelisufleba

Svilebze Zalaufleba aqvs mxolod mamas daara orive mSobels.

mamis xelisufleba warmoiSoba:

• kanonier qorwinebaSi Svilis dabadebiT;

• dakanonebiT;

• Svilad ayvaniT.

`Cveni xelisuflebis qveS arian CvenibavSvebi, romlebic Cven kanonierqorwinebaSi gavaCineT.~ instituciebi,wigni I, tituli IX.



dakanoneba aris kanonieri qorwinebis gareSedabadebuli Svilis kanonierad cnoba (esZiriTadad konkubinatis Sedegad dabadebulibavSvebis mimarT xdeboda).

dakanoneba SesaZlebeli iyo:

• ukanonod dabadebuli bavSvis mSoblebisdaqorwinebiT;

• imperatoris reskriptiT;

• Svilis municipalitetis senatis (kuriis) wevrad CaricxviT, an qaliSvilis gaTxovebiTmunicipalitetis wevrze.



dakanoneba xdeboda sakuTarSvilebTan mimarTebaSi, Svilad ayvanaki SesaZlebeli iyo gareSe pirisac.

Svilad ayvana ori saxisa iyo:

• Tavisufali piris Svilad ayvana(adrogatio);

• araTavisufali piris Svilad ayvana(adoptio).



òjaxis Svils warmoqmnis ara marto buneba, aramed Svilad ayvanac.

rac Seexeba Svilad ayvanis saxelwodebas, àdofcios~, igi zogadia. xolo Svilad ayvana or saxeobad iyofa, romelTagan erTi, àdofcio~, aseve iwodeba, xolo meore ki _ àdrogaciod~. àdofcio~ aRniSnavs ojaxis Svilis Svilad ayvanas, àdrogacio~ ki _ Tavisufali [piris] Svilebas.~ modestinusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VII, 1.


romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) saojaxos amarTali

`saerTod Svilad ayvana ornairad xdeba: an princefsis, an magistratis xelisuflebiT. princefsis xelisuflebiT Svilad iyvanen imas, vincTavisufalia. Svilad ayvanis am saxes àdrogacios~ uwodeben, radgan visac Svilad ahyavs, masekiTxebian, surs Tu ara mas [Svilad] is, visSvilebasac apirebs. vinc Svilad ahyavT, masacekiTxebian, Tanaxmaa Tu ara igi, rom Sviladaiyvanon. magistratis xelisuflebiT Svilad ahyavTis, vinc mSoblis xelisuflebas eqvemdebareba. amasTan ara aqvs mniSvneloba igi pirvelikategoriis bavSvi iqneba, rogoricaa vaJiSvili daqaliSvili, Tu ufro dabali kategoriisa, rogoricaa vaJi _ SviliSvili, qali _ SviliSvili...~ gaiusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VII, 2.



Svilad ayvanis aucilebeli pirobebi iyo:

• Svilad ayvana SeeZlo mxolod mamakacs;

• Svilad amyvani ar SeiZleboda yofiliyomamaze daqvemdebarebuli;

• Svilad amyvani, Svilad asayvanze 18 wliT ufrosi unda yofiliyo.

Svilad ayvanili ojaxis mamazedaqvemdebarebuli sxva ojaxis wevrebisTanasworuflebiani iyo, maT Sorismemkvidreobis sferoSi.



`dadgenilia, rom asakiT umcross arSeuZlia masze ufrosis Svilad ayvana. vinaidan Svilad ayvana bunebis mibaZvaada ucnauri iqneba, rom vaJiSvili asakiTmamaze ufrosi iyos. ase rom, is, visacadrogaciiT an adofciiT vinme TavisvaJiSvilad ahyavs, sruli srulwlovani, e.i. [masze] Tvrameti wliT ufrosi undaiyos.~ instituciebi,wigni I, tituli XI.



mamis xelisufleba Sewydebida:

1. mamis gardacvalebiT;

2. Svilis gardacvalebiT;

3. ojaxis mamis mier Tavisuflebis an moqalaqeobis dakargviT (gadasaxlebiT);

4. Svilis mier sapatio Tanamdebobis dakavebiT(mag. konsuli, prezesi);

5. emansipaciiT (Svilis TanxmobiT).

emansipacia SesaZlo iyo:

• imperatoris reskriptiT;

• ojaxis mamis gancxadebiT;

• xangrZlivi faqtobrivi mdgomareobiT.



`magram vinaidan, is visac raime danaSaulis gamokunZulze asaxleben, moqalaqeobas kargavs, aqedan gamomdinare, radgan mas am gziT romismoqalaqeTa ricxvidan amoSlian, bavSvebi iseve, rogorc misi gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi, misxelisuflebas aRar eqvemdebarebian.~ instituciebi,wigni I, tituli XII, 1.

`monobamisjilni Svilebze TavianT xelisuflebaskargaven, xolo monobamisjilebi arian is pirebi, romlebsac maRaroebSi muSaobas usjianan [sabrZolvelad] mxecebs miugdeben. instituciebi,wigni I, tituli XII, 3.



`Tu ojaxis Svili konsuli an prezesia, cnobilia, rom, mas SeuZlia Tavad gaiTavisuflos Tavi[sxvisi] xelisuflebidan...~ pavlusi, digestebi, wigniI, tituli VII, 3.

`vinaidan vin moiTmens imas, rom emansipaciis gziTmamas vaJiSvilis Tavisi xelisuflebidanganTavisufleba SeeZlos, xolo saimperatoroumaRlesobas ki, amave dros, ar hqondes im pirissxvisi xelisuflebidan ganTavisuflebisSesaZlebloba, romelsac man Tavisipatriciebis wodeba mianiWa.~ instituciebi,wigni I, tituli XII, 4.



bavSvebi mSoblis xelisuflebis qveS yofnaswyveten emansipaciis Sedegad. adre esganTavisufleba xdeboda Zveli kanonebisdacviT _ fiqciis meSveobiT, an imperatorisreskriptiT; iustinianes konstituciiT mamas SeeZlo pirdapir miemarTa mosamarTlisTvis, an magistratisTvis da ise gaeTavisuflebinaSvili sakuTari xelisuflebidan, imdagvarad, rom mama inarCunebda Svilis qonebaze iseTiveuflebebs, rogorsac gaazatebulis qonebaze. (ix. instituciebi,wigni I, tituli XII, 6.)


romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) meurveoba da mzrunveloba

`xolo meurveoba, rogorc serviusma gansazRvra, aris civiluri samarTlis mier miniWebuli dadaSvebuli ufleba da xelisufleba imTavisufali piris dacvisa, romelsac asakisgamo Tavis dacva ar SeuZlia.

xolo meurveebi arian is pirebi, romlebsac esZala da xelisufleba gaaCniaT. saxelwodebaswored am saqmianobidan miiRes. ase rom, maTewodebaT `tutores~ (meurveebi)...~instituciebi,wigni I, tituli XIII, 1,2.



mSoblebs SeeZloT TavianTi arasrulwlovaniSvilebisaTvis anderZiT daeniSnaT meurveebi, eswesi exeboda mamis gardacvalebis Semdegdabadebul bavSvebsac.

anderZiT meurved SeiZleboda daniSnuliyoaramarto ojaxis mama, aramed Svilic, asevesakuTari monac, gaazatebis Semdgom; SeSlili da25 wels miuRweveli piri _ gamojanmrTelebis an 25 wlis Sesrulebis Semdgom. meurvis daniSvnaSeiZleboda garkveuli droiT an pirobiT.

`magram ar SeiZleba meurve dainiSnos [rame] nivTzean [rame] saqmisTvis, vinaidan meurve eniSneba pirsda ara saqmes, Tu nivTs. instituciebi,wigni I, tituli XIV, 4.



XII tabulis kanonebis Tanaxmad, Tu pirs meurveanderZiT ar daeniSneboda, mis meurveebadagnatebi gamodiodnen. igive moxdeboda maSinac, Tu meurved daniSnuli piri moanderZissicocxleSive gardaicvala. mamebi, Tavisixelisuflebisagan ganTavisuflebuli bavSvebismeurveebad ganixilebodnen.

Tuki vinmes meurve saerTod ar yavda, mas konsuli, pretori, plebsis tribuni an provinciisprezesi uniSnavda.


meurveoba da mzrunveloba`zog saqmeSi obols (arasrulwlovans) meurvis

Tanxmoba sWirdeba, zogSi ki _ara. ase magaliTad, Tu vinme obols rames micemas dahpirdeba, meurvisTanxmoba saWiro ar aris, xolo Tu oboli sxvasdahpirdeba rames, maSin [Tanxmoba] saWiroa. vinaidandadgenil iqna, rom obols Tavisi mdgomareobisgaumjobeseba meurvis Tanxmobis gareSe SeuZlia, magram gauareseba _ mxolod misi TanxmobiT. aqedangamomdinare, im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ormxrivivaldebuleba warmoiSoba, magaliTad yidva-gayidvis, qiravnobis, davalebis, mibarebis xelSekrulebebis[dadebisas], Tu meurvis Tanxmoba ar arsebobs, maSinTavad im pirebs, romlebmac oblebTanxelSekruleba dades, valdebuleba daekisrebaT daoblebs ki, piriqiT, _ ara.~ instituciebi,wigni I, tituliXXI.



`xolo meurve yovelTvis unda eswrebodesTavad garigebas da unda daamowmos is, Tu CaTvala, rom igi oblebisaTvissasargebloa. magram garkveuli droisSemdeg micemul an werilobiTi saxiTwardgenil Tanxmobas araviTari Zala argaaCnia.~instituciebi,wigni I, tituli XXI, 2.

obolsa da meurves Soris sasamarTlodavis SemTxvevaSi iniSneboda mzrunveli, procesis dasrulebamde.



meurveoba Sewydeboda:

• srulwlovanebis miRwevisas (14/12w.)

• Tu arasrulwlovans adrogacios gziT Sviladaiyvandnen;

• pirobiT daniSnuli meurvis SemTxvevaSi _ am pirobis dadgomiT, vadiT daniSnulisSemTxvevaSi _ vadis gasvliT;

• meurvis an oblis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi;

• Tu meurve dakargavs moqalaqeobas an Tavisuflebas;

• Tu meurve arasando pirad iqneboda miCneuli.



`srulwlovan mamakacebs da sqesobrivadmomwifebul qalebs, sanam maT ocdaxuTi weliar SesrulebiaT, mzrunvelebi eZlevaT. Tumcaisini srulwlovanebi arian, mainc jer kideviseT asakSi ar imyofebian, rom TavianT saqmezeTavadve izrunon.~ instituciebi,wigni I, tituli XXIII.

mzrunvelebs igive magistratebi niSnavdnen, romlebsac meurveebi. anderZiT mzrunveli ariniSneboda, xolo Tu aseTi anderZi iqneboda, maSin igi pretoris an prezesis dekretiT undadamtkicebuliyo.



mzrunveli eniSnebidaT aseve SeSlilebsa damflangvelebs, Tundac isini ocdaxuT welsyofiliyvnen gadacilebulni. maTTvis mzrunvelspretori, prefeqti an provinciis prezesi niSnavdasakiTxis winasari gamokvlevis Semdeg.

mzrunveli eniSnebodaT aseve: gonebasustebs, yruebs, munjebs da qronikuli seniT daavadebulbs.

mzrunveli arasrulwlovans eniSneboda imSemTxvevaSi, Tu meurve Tavisi movaleobisSesasruleblad vargisi ar iyo, vinaidan meoremeurvis daniSvna ar SeiZleboda.



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romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) kazusebi

romis moqalaqem, romelic ar imyofeboda mamisxelisuflebis qveS da xangrZlivi droisganmavlobaSi cxovrobda espaneTSi, iqorwinaespanelze; romSi dabrunebisas man datova orsulicoli espaneTSi. romSi dabrunebidan cota xanSi man iqorwina romaelze, Tumca amis Sesaxeb arSeutyobinebia espanelis colisaTvis. romaelicolisagan mas SeeZina vaJi. espaneli colisganacaseve SeeZina vaJi.

rodesac is (romis moqalaqe) gardaicvala, ar datovaanderZi. romaeli iuristebis winaSe daisva sakiTxi _ romeli qorwineba SeiZleba CaiTvalos kanonierad davin miiRebs memkvidreobas _ espanelis Tu romaelisSvili.



kiTxvebi:

• I qorwineba iTvleba Tu ara kanonierad?

• II qorwineba iTvleba Tu ara kanonierad?

• ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba CaiTvalos II qorwineba arakanonierad?

• hqonda Tu ara adgili ganqorwinebas?

• SeiZleba Tu ara romis moqalaqe da espaneli CaiTvalon ganqorwinebulebad?



• Tu meore qorwinebaarakanonieria maSinmemkvidre mxolod espanelisSvilia.

• Tu meore qorwinebakanonieria maSin memkvidreorive Svilia.


romis samarTali(safuZvlebi)

SekiTxvebi?gmadlobT

yuradRebisaTvis!gisurvebT warmatebebs!


Documents

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) · romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) saojaxo samarTali patriarqaluri urTierTobebis rRvevis Sedegad mamis xelisufleba TandaTan Semcirda da agnaturi naTesaobis