romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) · romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali `sarmrToa is nivTebi,romlebic [RmerTebisadmi] sajarod aris miZRvnili da ara kerZod.~ marciane,digestebi,wigni

romis samarTali(safuZvlebi)

sanivTo

samarTali

sanivTo

samarTali

2015 1DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi)sanivTo samarTali

romis samarTalSi uZveles periodSiganasxvavebdnen `familia~-s da `pecunia~-scnebebs; familia-Si igulisxmeboda ojaxismamis xelisuflebis qveS myofi ojaxiswevrebic; pecunia_Si ki individualurisakuTreba, qoneba.

nivTebi (res)• samoqalaqo brunvaSi arsebuli (res in

commercium)• samoqalaqo brunvidan amoRebuli (res

extra commercium)

romis samarTalSi uZveles periodSiganasxvavebdnen `familia~-s da `pecunia~-scnebebs; familia-Si igulisxmeboda ojaxismamis xelisuflebis qveS myofi ojaxiswevrebic; pecunia_Si ki individualurisakuTreba, qoneba.

nivTebi (res)• samoqalaqo brunvaSi arsebuli (res in

commercium)• samoqalaqo brunvidan amoRebuli (res

extra commercium)



samoqalaqo brunvidan amoRebuli iyoRvTaebrivi samarTlis nivTebi (resdivini iuris), mag. saRmrTo, religiuri dawminda nivTebi; maTgan ganasxvavebdnenadamianuri samarTlis nivTebs (reshumani iuris), romelic umeteswiladviRacis sakuTrebaa da Tavis mxriv ansajaroa (res publicae) an kerZo (resprivatae).

samoqalaqo brunvidan amoRebuli iyoRvTaebrivi samarTlis nivTebi (resdivini iuris), mag. saRmrTo, religiuri dawminda nivTebi; maTgan ganasxvavebdnenadamianuri samarTlis nivTebs (reshumani iuris), romelic umeteswiladviRacis sakuTrebaa da Tavis mxriv ansajaroa (res publicae) an kerZo (resprivatae).



`nivTebi umTavresad or jgufad iyofa. erTijgufi RvTaebrivi samarTlis nivTebswarmoadgens, meore ki _ adamianurisamarTlis. RvTaebrivi samarTlis nivTebia,magaliTad, saRmrTo da religiuri nivTebi.wminda nivTebic, magaliTad, qalaqiskedlebi da karebi garkveulad RvTaebrivisamarTlis nivTebs warmoadgenen. is, racRvTaebriv samarTals ekuTvnis, aravisqonebas ar Seadgens. xolo is, racadamianuri samarTlisaa, umravlesSemTxvevaSi viRacis qonebaswarmoadgens...~gaiusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 1.

`nivTebi umTavresad or jgufad iyofa. erTijgufi RvTaebrivi samarTlis nivTebswarmoadgens, meore ki _ adamianurisamarTlis. RvTaebrivi samarTlis nivTebia,magaliTad, saRmrTo da religiuri nivTebi.wminda nivTebic, magaliTad, qalaqiskedlebi da karebi garkveulad RvTaebrivisamarTlis nivTebs warmoadgenen. is, racRvTaebriv samarTals ekuTvnis, aravisqonebas ar Seadgens. xolo is, racadamianuri samarTlisaa, umravlesSemTxvevaSi viRacis qonebaswarmoadgens...~gaiusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 1.



`saRmrTo, religiuri da wminda nivTebivinmes qonebas ar Seadgenen.~ marciane,digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 6, 2.

`xolo adamianuri samarTlis nivTebi ansajaroa da an kerZo. sajaro nivTebivinmes qonebad ar iTvleba da TviTkorporaciis (universitas) kuTvnilebadaris miCneuli. kerZo nivTebi kicalkeul pirs ekuTvnis.~ gaiusi, digestebi,

wigni I, tituli VIII, 1.

`saRmrTo, religiuri da wminda nivTebivinmes qonebas ar Seadgenen.~ marciane,digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 6, 2.

`xolo adamianuri samarTlis nivTebi ansajaroa da an kerZo. sajaro nivTebivinmes qonebad ar iTvleba da TviTkorporaciis (universitas) kuTvnilebadaris miCneuli. kerZo nivTebi kicalkeul pirs ekuTvnis.~ gaiusi, digestebi,

wigni I, tituli VIII, 1.



• religiuri nivTebia (res religiosae) _ taZrebi,salocavebi, Sesawiri adgilebi, sasaflao;

• saRmrTo nivTebia (res sacrae) _ RmerTisadmisajarod Sewiruli nivTebi;

• wminda nivTebi (res sanctae) _ qalaqis kedlebi dakarebi;

• sajaro nivTebia (res publicae) _ cixeebi,sapyrobileebi, gzebi, Teatrebi; sajaro nivTebSiSedis aseve xazinis kuTvnili nivTebi (res fisci);

• res universitatis _ warmoadgenda saerTo-saTemo,korporaciis sakuTrebaSi Semaval nivTebs.

• religiuri nivTebia (res religiosae) _ taZrebi,salocavebi, Sesawiri adgilebi, sasaflao;

• saRmrTo nivTebia (res sacrae) _ RmerTisadmisajarod Sewiruli nivTebi;

• wminda nivTebi (res sanctae) _ qalaqis kedlebi dakarebi;

• sajaro nivTebia (res publicae) _ cixeebi,sapyrobileebi, gzebi, Teatrebi; sajaro nivTebSiSedis aseve xazinis kuTvnili nivTebi (res fisci);

• res universitatis _ warmoadgenda saerTo-saTemo,korporaciis sakuTrebaSi Semaval nivTebs.



`sarmrToa is nivTebi, romlebic[RmerTebisadmi] sajarod aris miZRvnili daara kerZod.~ marciane, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 6, 3.

`saRmrToa (sakraluria) is nivTebi, romlebicsaTanado ritualiTa da umaRlesisamRvdeloebis (saeklesio pirebis) meSveobiTRmerTebisadmi aris miZRvnili, magaliTadtaZrebi da saCuqrebi, romlebic saTanadoritualiT RvTismsaxurebisTvis arismiZRvnili... xolo adgili, sadac taZariaaSenes, Tundac Senoba daingres, maincsaRmrTo [adgilad] darCeba...~ instituciebi, wigniII, tituli I, 8.

`sarmrToa is nivTebi, romlebic[RmerTebisadmi] sajarod aris miZRvnili daara kerZod.~ marciane, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 6, 3.

`saRmrToa (sakraluria) is nivTebi, romlebicsaTanado ritualiTa da umaRlesisamRvdeloebis (saeklesio pirebis) meSveobiTRmerTebisadmi aris miZRvnili, magaliTadtaZrebi da saCuqrebi, romlebic saTanadoritualiT RvTismsaxurebisTvis arismiZRvnili... xolo adgili, sadac taZariaaSenes, Tundac Senoba daingres, maincsaRmrTo [adgilad] darCeba...~ instituciebi, wigniII, tituli I, 8.



`nebismieri piri adgils religiuradTavisi neba-survilis mixedviTgadaaqcevs, rogorc ki igi mkvdarsTavis miwaSi damarxavs. magram saerToTavisufal miwaSi damarxvaTanamesakuTris survilis winaaRmdegnebadarTuli ar aris. xolo saerTosasaflaoze damarxva sxvebisTanxmobis gareSec aris SesaZlebeli.~instituciebi, wigni II, tituli I, 8.

`nebismieri piri adgils religiuradTavisi neba-survilis mixedviTgadaaqcevs, rogorc ki igi mkvdarsTavis miwaSi damarxavs. magram saerToTavisufal miwaSi damarxvaTanamesakuTris survilis winaaRmdegnebadarTuli ar aris. xolo saerTosasaflaoze damarxva sxvebisTanxmobis gareSec aris SesaZlebeli.~instituciebi, wigni II, tituli I, 8.



`wminda (`sancta~) nivTebic, magaliTadqalaqis kedlebi (galavani) da karebi,garkveulad saRvTo samarTalsganekuTvnebian, da amitomac aravis qonebasar Seadgenen. xolo qalaqis kedlebs(galavans) wmindas imitom vuwodebT, romvinc maT daazianebs misTvis sikvdiliTdasjaa dawesebuli. amitomac Cven sanqcias(`sanctio~) vuwodebT kanonebis im nawilsac,romelic am kanonis damrRvevTaTvissasjels gansazRvravT.~ instituciebi, wigni II,tituli I, 10.

`wminda (`sancta~) nivTebic, magaliTadqalaqis kedlebi (galavani) da karebi,garkveulad saRvTo samarTalsganekuTvnebian, da amitomac aravis qonebasar Seadgenen. xolo qalaqis kedlebs(galavans) wmindas imitom vuwodebT, romvinc maT daazianebs misTvis sikvdiliTdasjaa dawesebuli. amitomac Cven sanqcias(`sanctio~) vuwodebT kanonebis im nawilsac,romelic am kanonis damrRvevTaTvissasjels gansazRvravT.~ instituciebi, wigni II,tituli I, 10.



`pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT `wminda~(sanctum) ewodeba imas, rac arc`saRmrToa~ da arc saero, magramsanqciiT aris daculi. ase, magaliTad,kanoni wmindaa, radgan is garkveulisanqciiT aris ganmtkicebuli. vinaidanis, rac raime sanqciiT arisgamyarebuli, wmindaa, Tundac isRmerTebisadmi miZRvnili ar iyos.~ulpiane, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 9, 3.

`pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT `wminda~(sanctum) ewodeba imas, rac arc`saRmrToa~ da arc saero, magramsanqciiT aris daculi. ase, magaliTad,kanoni wmindaa, radgan is garkveulisanqciiT aris ganmtkicebuli. vinaidanis, rac raime sanqciiT arisgamyarebuli, wmindaa, Tundac isRmerTebisadmi miZRvnili ar iyos.~ulpiane, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 9, 3.



`Tu vinme qalaqis kedels daazianebs, igisikvdiliT isjeba iseve, rogorc is, vinckedelze kibiT an sxva raime xerxiTgadava, radgan romaeli moqalaqeebisaTvisqalaqidan gasvla mxolod qalaqiskarebidan aris nebadarTuli. qalaqidansxva saSualebiT gasvla mtrul[moqmedebad] ganixileba da uarsayofia,vinaidan remi, romulusis Zma, rogorcgadmogvcemen, swored imis gamo mokles,rom man kedelze gadaZroma moindoma.~pomponiusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 11.

`Tu vinme qalaqis kedels daazianebs, igisikvdiliT isjeba iseve, rogorc is, vinckedelze kibiT an sxva raime xerxiTgadava, radgan romaeli moqalaqeebisaTvisqalaqidan gasvla mxolod qalaqiskarebidan aris nebadarTuli. qalaqidansxva saSualebiT gasvla mtrul[moqmedebad] ganixileba da uarsayofia,vinaidan remi, romulusis Zma, rogorcgadmogvcemen, swored imis gamo mokles,rom man kedelze gadaZroma moindoma.~pomponiusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 11.



`xolo yvela mdinare da navsadgurisajaroa, amitom navsadgurebsa damdinareebSi Tevzis Weris uflebayvelasaTvis saerToa.~ instituciebi, wigniII, tituli I, 2.

`korporacias (universitas) da aracalkeul pirebs ekuTvnis , magaliTad,qalaqebSi mdebare Teatrebi,stadionebi, da sxva misTanani, aseveqalaqis (Temis) kuTvnili sxva ram,rac saerToa.~ instituciebi, wigni II,tituli I, 2.

`xolo yvela mdinare da navsadgurisajaroa, amitom navsadgurebsa damdinareebSi Tevzis Weris uflebayvelasaTvis saerToa.~ instituciebi, wigniII, tituli I, 2.

`korporacias (universitas) da aracalkeul pirebs ekuTvnis , magaliTad,qalaqebSi mdebare Teatrebi,stadionebi, da sxva misTanani, aseveqalaqis (Temis) kuTvnili sxva ram,rac saerToa.~ instituciebi, wigni II,tituli I, 2.



romaeli iuristebi aseve ganarCevdnennivTebs romlebic aravis ar ekuTvnis (resnullius) maT Soris ki _

• saerTo anu yvelas nivTebi (res communis) _romelic ar SeiZleba vinmes sakuTrebagaxdes _ mag. haeri, mdinare, zRva, zRvisnapiri;

• da nivTebi, romlebic SeiZleba vinmessakuTreba gaxdes _ mag. gareuli cxovelian frinveli, gamoriyuli nivTebi.

romaeli iuristebi aseve ganarCevdnennivTebs romlebic aravis ar ekuTvnis (resnullius) maT Soris ki _

• saerTo anu yvelas nivTebi (res communis) _romelic ar SeiZleba vinmes sakuTrebagaxdes _ mag. haeri, mdinare, zRva, zRvisnapiri;

• da nivTebi, romlebic SeiZleba vinmessakuTreba gaxdes _ mag. gareuli cxovelian frinveli, gamoriyuli nivTebi.



`bunebiTi samarTliT yvelasaTvissaerTo nivTebia: haeri, gamdinarewyali, zRva da aqedan gamomdinarezRvis napiri.~ marciane digestebi, wigni I,tituli VIII, 2,1.

`aseve Zvirfasi qvebi, margaliti daa.S., rasac Cven zRvis napirzevpoulobT, bunebiTi samarTliTmaSinve Cveni kuTvnileba xdeba.~florentinusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 3.

`bunebiTi samarTliT yvelasaTvissaerTo nivTebia: haeri, gamdinarewyali, zRva da aqedan gamomdinarezRvis napiri.~ marciane digestebi, wigni I,tituli VIII, 2,1.

`aseve Zvirfasi qvebi, margaliti daa.S., rasac Cven zRvis napirzevpoulobT, bunebiTi samarTliTmaSinve Cveni kuTvnileba xdeba.~florentinusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 3.



romaeli iuristebi erTmaneTisganganasxvavebdnen sxeulebrivnivTebs (res corporales) da usxeulonivTebs (res incorporales);

sxeulebrivia is nivTi, romlisxelis Sexebac SesaZlebelia, mag.miwa, mona, oqro, tansacmeli;usxeuloa _ mag. memkvidreobisufleba.

romaeli iuristebi erTmaneTisganganasxvavebdnen sxeulebrivnivTebs (res corporales) da usxeulonivTebs (res incorporales);

sxeulebrivia is nivTi, romlisxelis Sexebac SesaZlebelia, mag.miwa, mona, oqro, tansacmeli;usxeuloa _ mag. memkvidreobisufleba.



`sxeulebriv nivTebs warmoadgenen is nivTebi,romlebsac TavianTi bunebrivi Tvisebebisgamo SeiZleba SevexoT, magaliTad, miwa(miwis nakveTi), adamiani, tansacmeli, oqro,vercxli da, amas garda, sxva uamravi nivTi.

xolo usxeulo nivTebs warmoadgenen isnivTebi, romelTa Sexeba ar SegviZlia. aseTnivTebs miekuTvneba is nivTebi, romlebicuflebas warmoadgenen, magaliTadmemkvidreoba, uzurfruqti, valdebuleba, rasaxiTac ar unda iyos igi dadebuli.~instituciebi, wigni II, tituli II.

`sxeulebriv nivTebs warmoadgenen is nivTebi,romlebsac TavianTi bunebrivi Tvisebebisgamo SeiZleba SevexoT, magaliTad, miwa(miwis nakveTi), adamiani, tansacmeli, oqro,vercxli da, amas garda, sxva uamravi nivTi.

xolo usxeulo nivTebs warmoadgenen isnivTebi, romelTa Sexeba ar SegviZlia. aseTnivTebs miekuTvneba is nivTebi, romlebicuflebas warmoadgenen, magaliTadmemkvidreoba, uzurfruqti, valdebuleba, rasaxiTac ar unda iyos igi dadebuli.~instituciebi, wigni II, tituli II.



res mancipi da res nec mancipi anu nivTebi,romelTa gadacema mancipaciiswesiT (mancipatio) iyo SesaZlebelida nivTebi romelTa gadacemisaTvisaucilebeli ar iyo mancipacia; resmancipi nivTebis kategoriasZiriTadad ganekuTvneboda italiismiwebi, msxvilfexa pirutyvi, monebi.

res mancipi da res nec mancipi anu nivTebi,romelTa gadacema mancipaciiswesiT (mancipatio) iyo SesaZlebelida nivTebi romelTa gadacemisaTvisaucilebeli ar iyo mancipacia; resmancipi nivTebis kategoriasZiriTadad ganekuTvneboda italiismiwebi, msxvilfexa pirutyvi, monebi.



nivTebi iyofoda aseve:

• uZrav nivTebad (res immobiles)• moZrav nivTebad (res mobiles)• da sakuTari ZaliT moZrav (sulier)nivTebad (res se moventae)

uZravia miwa da miwaze myarad mimagrebulinivTebi; moZravia iseTi nivTebi romlisgadaadgileba sasargeblo Tvisebebs arukargavs nivTs; xolo sakuTari ZaliTmoZravia mag. mona, pirutyvi.


• uZrav nivTebad (res immobiles)• moZrav nivTebad (res mobiles)• da sakuTari ZaliT moZrav (sulier)nivTebad (res se moventae)

uZravia miwa da miwaze myarad mimagrebulinivTebi; moZravia iseTi nivTebi romlisgadaadgileba sasargeblo Tvisebebs arukargavs nivTs; xolo sakuTari ZaliTmoZravia mag. mona, pirutyvi.



gvarovnuli niSniT gansazRvruli(genera _ mag. woniT,zomiT anraodenobiT) da individualuriniSniT gansazRvruli (species) nivTebi.

xelSekrulebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, TunivTi ganadgurdeboda, gvarovnuli niSniTgansazRvruli nivTis Secvla SeiZleboda,individualuri niSniT gansazRvrulis ki_ ara. aqedan SeiZines aseve am nivTebmaSecvladi da Seucvleli nivTebissaxelwodeba.

gvarovnuli niSniT gansazRvruli(genera _ mag. woniT,zomiT anraodenobiT) da individualuriniSniT gansazRvruli (species) nivTebi.

xelSekrulebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, TunivTi ganadgurdeboda, gvarovnuli niSniTgansazRvruli nivTis Secvla SeiZleboda,individualuri niSniT gansazRvrulis ki_ ara. aqedan SeiZines aseve am nivTebmaSecvladi da Seucvleli nivTebissaxelwodeba.



moxmarebadi (mosaxmari) da mouxmarinivTebi; mouxmaria nivTebi,romlebic gamoyenebis procesSi arispoba, ar qreba, mag. Senobebi,adgil-mamuli da sxva; mosaxmaria _Tu misi gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia ise,rom ar moispos, mag. Rvino, xili,marcvali (ar SeiZleba aseTinivTebis gaqiraveba).

moxmarebadi (mosaxmari) da mouxmarinivTebi; mouxmaria nivTebi,romlebic gamoyenebis procesSi arispoba, ar qreba, mag. Senobebi,adgil-mamuli da sxva; mosaxmaria _Tu misi gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia ise,rom ar moispos, mag. Rvino, xili,marcvali (ar SeiZleba aseTinivTebis gaqiraveba).



nivTebi iyofoda aseve gayofad dagauyofad nivTebad;

• gayofadia nivTi, romelic gayofisasar kargavs sasargeblo Tvisebebs,mag. miwa, saxli, jogi, fuli.

• gauyofadia nivTebi romlebic`gayofis~ SemTxvevaSi dakargavsTavis sasargeblo Tvisebebs, mag.mona.

nivTebi iyofoda aseve gayofad dagauyofad nivTebad;

• gayofadia nivTi, romelic gayofisasar kargavs sasargeblo Tvisebebs,mag. miwa, saxli, jogi, fuli.

• gauyofadia nivTebi romlebic`gayofis~ SemTxvevaSi dakargavsTavis sasargeblo Tvisebebs, mag.mona.




• martiv nivTebad _ mag. qva, mori;

• rTul nivTebad _ romelic martivinivTebisagan Sedgeba, mag Senoba;

• erToblivi nivTi _ romelicSedgeba sxvadasxva nivTebisagan,magram ara rogorc erTi nivTi,aramed rogorc nivTebiserToblioba, mag. jogi.


• martiv nivTebad _ mag. qva, mori;

• rTul nivTebad _ romelic martivinivTebisagan Sedgeba, mag Senoba;

• erToblivi nivTi _ romelicSedgeba sxvadasxva nivTebisagan,magram ara rogorc erTi nivTi,aramed rogorc nivTebiserToblioba, mag. jogi.



ganarCevdnen aseve ZiriTad (mTavar)nivTs (res principalis) da sakuTnevels;sakuTneveli nivTi iziarebdaZiriTadi nivTis beds da maszevrceldeboda ZiriTadi nivTissamarTlebrivi reJimi. amismagaliTad SegviZlia davasaxeloTmag. guTani da saxnisi, klite dagasaRebi.

ganarCevdnen aseve ZiriTad (mTavar)nivTs (res principalis) da sakuTnevels;sakuTneveli nivTi iziarebdaZiriTadi nivTis beds da maszevrceldeboda ZiriTadi nivTissamarTlebrivi reJimi. amismagaliTad SegviZlia davasaxeloTmag. guTani da saxnisi, klite dagasaRebi.



nayofi (fructus).ganarCevdnen:

• bunebriv nayofs (fructus naturalis), mag.Sinauri cxovelis an xexilis namati da

• civilur nayofs (fructus civilis), mag. fulisprocenti.

nivTebTan ganuxreladaa dakavSirebulisanivTo uflebebi, magaliTad sakuTrebisufleba, giravnobis ufleba, servitutisufleba da sxva.

nayofi (fructus).ganarCevdnen:

• bunebriv nayofs (fructus naturalis), mag.Sinauri cxovelis an xexilis namati da

• civilur nayofs (fructus civilis), mag. fulisprocenti.

nivTebTan ganuxreladaa dakavSirebulisanivTo uflebebi, magaliTad sakuTrebisufleba, giravnobis ufleba, servitutisufleba da sxva.



sakuTrebis saxeebi:

1. kvirituli sakuTreba (dominiumquiritium)

2. pretoruli anu bonitarulisakuTreba

3. provinciuli sakuTreba

4. peregrinebis sakuTreba

sakuTrebis saxeebi:

1. kvirituli sakuTreba (dominiumquiritium)

2. pretoruli anu bonitarulisakuTreba

3. provinciuli sakuTreba

4. peregrinebis sakuTreba



kvirituli sakuTreba (dominium quiritium)romSi kerZo sakuTrebis uZveles saxeobas

kvirituli sakuTreba warmoadgenda.

civiluri samarTlis mixedviT kviritulisakuTrebis subieqtebi romis moqalaqeebiiyvnen; mxolod maT SeeZloT kviritulisakuTrebis qona. am wesidan gamonaklisidauSves mxolod laTinebisTvis, romelTacminiWebuli qondaT ius commercii.

kvirituli sakuTrebis obieqti, anu sagani iyo resmancipi kategoriis nivTebi.

kvirituli sakuTreba (dominium quiritium)romSi kerZo sakuTrebis uZveles saxeobas

kvirituli sakuTreba warmoadgenda.

civiluri samarTlis mixedviT kviritulisakuTrebis subieqtebi romis moqalaqeebiiyvnen; mxolod maT SeeZloT kviritulisakuTrebis qona. am wesidan gamonaklisidauSves mxolod laTinebisTvis, romelTacminiWebuli qondaT ius commercii.

kvirituli sakuTrebis obieqti, anu sagani iyo resmancipi kategoriis nivTebi.



pretoruli anu bonitaruli sakuTrebaTu piri mancipaciis wesis gverdis avliT

SeiZenda res mancipi kategoriis nivTs, mesakuTredmainc gamyidveli rCeboda. pretori miuTiTebda,rom nivTi unda Sesuliyo SemZenis qonebaSi (inbonis), aqedan warmoiSva bonitaruli sakuTreba.

Tu gamyidveli moiTxovda gayiduli nivTis ukandabrunebas, pretori aZlevda mas Sesagebels(exceptio); aseT SemTxvevaSi nivTi daubrundebodamesakuTres, Tu mas ar qonda igi gayiduli.mesame pirebTan mimarTebaSi ki pretoriaZlevda sarCels _ actio in rem publicana.

pretoruli anu bonitaruli sakuTrebaTu piri mancipaciis wesis gverdis avliT

SeiZenda res mancipi kategoriis nivTs, mesakuTredmainc gamyidveli rCeboda. pretori miuTiTebda,rom nivTi unda Sesuliyo SemZenis qonebaSi (inbonis), aqedan warmoiSva bonitaruli sakuTreba.

Tu gamyidveli moiTxovda gayiduli nivTis ukandabrunebas, pretori aZlevda mas Sesagebels(exceptio); aseT SemTxvevaSi nivTi daubrundebodamesakuTres, Tu mas ar qonda igi gayiduli.mesame pirebTan mimarTebaSi ki pretoriaZlevda sarCels _ actio in rem publicana.



provinciuli sakuTrebaprovinciis miwebi formalurad romis

saxelmwifos, romaeli xalxis sakuTrebadiTvleboda da is Cveulebriv or nawiladiyofoda: saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli(ager publicus) da provinciis macxovrebelTamflobelobaSi gadacemuli miwebi (ager redditus –ukan dabrunebuli miwebi).

ax.w. II saukuneSi es miwebi maT mflobelTafaqtobriv kerZo sakuTrebad gadaiqca.

provinciuli sakuTrebaprovinciis miwebi formalurad romis

saxelmwifos, romaeli xalxis sakuTrebadiTvleboda da is Cveulebriv or nawiladiyofoda: saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli(ager publicus) da provinciis macxovrebelTamflobelobaSi gadacemuli miwebi (ager redditus –ukan dabrunebuli miwebi).

ax.w. II saukuneSi es miwebi maT mflobelTafaqtobriv kerZo sakuTrebad gadaiqca.



peregrinebis sakuTreba

peregrinebis sakuTreba araromaelTa sakuTrebaswarmoadgenda. ucxoelebi Tavisi sakuTariqveynis samarTals emorCilebodnen. qonebriviurTierTobebis ganviTarebis Sedegadaucilebeli gaxda maTi sakuTrebis calkesaxed aRiareba. ius gentium-is aRiarebam Sedegadis moitana, rom romaelebi peregrinebTan, anperegrinTa Soris urTierTobas xalxTasamarTliT aregulirebdnen.

peregrinebis sakuTreba

peregrinebis sakuTreba araromaelTa sakuTrebaswarmoadgenda. ucxoelebi Tavisi sakuTariqveynis samarTals emorCilebodnen. qonebriviurTierTobebis ganviTarebis Sedegadaucilebeli gaxda maTi sakuTrebis calkesaxed aRiareba. ius gentium-is aRiarebam Sedegadis moitana, rom romaelebi peregrinebTan, anperegrinTa Soris urTierTobas xalxTasamarTliT aregulirebdnen.



sakuTrebis uflebis Sinaarsi

• sargeblobis ufleba (ius utendi)• nayofiT sargeblobis ufleba (ius

utendi fruendi)• gankargvis ufleba (ius abutendi)• mflobelobis ufleba (ius posidendi)• gamoTxovis ufleba (ius vindicandi)

sakuTrebis uflebis Sinaarsi

• sargeblobis ufleba (ius utendi)• nayofiT sargeblobis ufleba (ius

utendi fruendi)• gankargvis ufleba (ius abutendi)• mflobelobis ufleba (ius posidendi)• gamoTxovis ufleba (ius vindicandi)



romaeli iuristebi sakuTrebisuflebas ganmartavdnen, rogorcsrul batonobas nivTze, gansxvavebiTSezRuduli batonobisagan,magaliTad mogiravnis ufleba;

Tumca mesakuTris sruli, SeuzRudaviuflebac SeiZleboda SezRuduliyo,magaliTad servitutis uflebiT.

romaeli iuristebi sakuTrebisuflebas ganmartavdnen, rogorcsrul batonobas nivTze, gansxvavebiTSezRuduli batonobisagan,magaliTad mogiravnis ufleba;

Tumca mesakuTris sruli, SeuzRudaviuflebac SeiZleboda SezRuduliyo,magaliTad servitutis uflebiT.



mflobeloba

romaeli iuristebi erTmaneTisaganganasxvavebdnen:

• sakuTrebas (dominium, proprietas)• mflobelobas (possessio)• pyrobas (detentio)mflobelobis arsebobisaTvis aucilebebia

ori elementis arseboba:

• faqtobrivi floba (corpus possessionis)• mflobelobis neba (animus possessionis)

mflobeloba

romaeli iuristebi erTmaneTisaganganasxvavebdnen:

• sakuTrebas (dominium, proprietas)• mflobelobas (possessio)• pyrobas (detentio)mflobelobis arsebobisaTvis aucilebebia

ori elementis arseboba:

• faqtobrivi floba (corpus possessionis)• mflobelobis neba (animus possessionis)



mflobeloba gulisxmobda nivTis faqtobrivflobas da mflobelobis ganzraxvas (anusurvils moeqce nivTs, rogorc sakuTars).

amgvari saxiT, rogorc wesi mflobelobis uflebagaaCnda mesakuTres; piri romelic mesakuTresTandadebuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze (droebiTsargeblobaSi, Sesanaxad) flobs nivTs iTvlebanivTis mpyrobelad, damWerad sxvis saxelze;

praqtikuli gansxvaveba mflobelobasa da pyrobasSoris imaSi mdgomareobda, rom mflobeli TavsuSualod icavda, mpyrobeli ki mesakuTrismeSveobiT.

mflobeloba gulisxmobda nivTis faqtobrivflobas da mflobelobis ganzraxvas (anusurvils moeqce nivTs, rogorc sakuTars).

amgvari saxiT, rogorc wesi mflobelobis uflebagaaCnda mesakuTres; piri romelic mesakuTresTandadebuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze (droebiTsargeblobaSi, Sesanaxad) flobs nivTs iTvlebanivTis mpyrobelad, damWerad sxvis saxelze;

praqtikuli gansxvaveba mflobelobasa da pyrobasSoris imaSi mdgomareobda, rom mflobeli TavsuSualod icavda, mpyrobeli ki mesakuTrismeSveobiT.



mflobelobis saxeebi• kanonieri mflobeloba _Cveulebriv nivTis mflobeli misimesakuTre iyo;

• ukanono mflobeloba _ rodesacpiri nivTs flobs faqtobrivad,gaaCnia mflobelobis ganzraxva,magram ar gaaCnia nivTzemflobelobis ufleba.

mflobelobis saxeebi• kanonieri mflobeloba _Cveulebriv nivTis mflobeli misimesakuTre iyo;

• ukanono mflobeloba _ rodesacpiri nivTs flobs faqtobrivad,gaaCnia mflobelobis ganzraxva,magram ar gaaCnia nivTzemflobelobis ufleba.



ukanono mflobeloba SeiZleba iyos ori saxis:

• keTilsindisieri mflobeloba

• arakeTilsindisieri mflobeloba.

keTilsindisieria is arakanonieri mflobeli,romelmac ar icis da arc SeiZleba icodes, romara aqvs nivTze mflobelobis ufleba (mag.piri,romelmac nivTi SeiZina aramesakuTrisagan,(qurdisagan), romelic Tavs mesakuTred asaRebda.

arakeTilsindisieri mflobelia is piri, romelmacicis rom nivTia misi ar aris, magram eqceva mas,rogorc sakuTars (mag. qurdi).

ukanono mflobeloba SeiZleba iyos ori saxis:

• keTilsindisieri mflobeloba

• arakeTilsindisieri mflobeloba.

keTilsindisieria is arakanonieri mflobeli,romelmac ar icis da arc SeiZleba icodes, romara aqvs nivTze mflobelobis ufleba (mag.piri,romelmac nivTi SeiZina aramesakuTrisagan,(qurdisagan), romelic Tavs mesakuTred asaRebda.

arakeTilsindisieri mflobelia is piri, romelmacicis rom nivTia misi ar aris, magram eqceva mas,rogorc sakuTars (mag. qurdi).



arakeTilsindisieri mflobelisagangansxvavebiT keTilsindisiermflobels SeeZlo mflobelobisxandazmulobis ZaliT nivTzesakuTrebis uflebis mopoveba.

mflobelobis dacva xdebodainterdiqtebiT (interdiqta); `pretorulmesakuTres, an keTilsindisiermflobels miecemoda aseve sarCeli _actio in rem publicana.

arakeTilsindisieri mflobelisagangansxvavebiT keTilsindisiermflobels SeeZlo mflobelobisxandazmulobis ZaliT nivTzesakuTrebis uflebis mopoveba.

mflobelobis dacva xdebodainterdiqtebiT (interdiqta); `pretorulmesakuTres, an keTilsindisiermflobels miecemoda aseve sarCeli _actio in rem publicana.



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SekiTxvebi?gmadlobT

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romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) · romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali `sarmrToa is nivTebi,romlebic [RmerTebisadmi] sajarod aris miZRvnili da ara kerZod.~ marciane,digestebi,wigni