romis samarTlis · romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) romis samrTlis wyaroebi termini `samarTlis wyaro~ pirvelad gamoiyena cnobilma romaelma istorikosma titus liviusma, romelmac aRniSna,rom

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi)

romis samarTlis

wyaroebi

romis samarTlis

wyaroebi

2015 1DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi)romis samrTlis wyaroebi

termini `samarTliswyaro~ pirveladgamoiyena cnobilmaromaelma istorikosmatitus liviusma,romelmac aRniSna, rom_ XII tabulis kanonebiaris mTeli romaulisajaro da kerZosamarTlis wyaro.

termini `samarTliswyaro~ pirveladgamoiyena cnobilmaromaelma istorikosmatitus liviusma,romelmac aRniSna, rom_ XII tabulis kanonebiaris mTeli romaulisajaro da kerZosamarTlis wyaro.

titus liviusi Zv.w. 59-17 ww



dReisaTvis termini `samarTlis wyaro~sxvadasxva miSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba:

1. rogorc samarTlis normis SinaarsisganmsazRvreli;

2. rogorc dadgenisa da gadmocemisforma;

3. rogorc Secnobis saSualeba.

dReisaTvis termini `samarTlis wyaro~sxvadasxva miSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba:

1. rogorc samarTlis normis SinaarsisganmsazRvreli;

2. rogorc dadgenisa da gadmocemisforma;

3. rogorc Secnobis saSualeba.



romis samarTlis wyaroebia:

• CveulebiTi samarTali;

• kanonebi (kanonieri sarCelebi);

• magistratebis ediqtebi;

• iuristTa moRvaweoba.

romis samarTlis wyaroebia:

• CveulebiTi samarTali;

• kanonebi (kanonieri sarCelebi);

• magistratebis ediqtebi;

• iuristTa moRvaweoba.


romis samrTlis wyaroebiCveulebiTi samarTali

dawerili samarTlisagan (ius scriptum) gansxvavebiT,CveulebiTi samarTali dauwereli samarTlis (iusnon scriptum) erT-erTi gamoxatulebaa; es normebiSerwymuli iyo religiur da moralur normebTan,amitomac uZveles xanaSi samarTali da religiaerTi sityviT `fas~ (neba, ufleba, religiuri wesrigi)

moixsenieboda, am droisaTvis qurumebi did rolsTamaSobdnen samarTalwarmoebaSi.

mogvianebiT CveulebiTi samarTlis aRsaniSnavadgamoiyeneba terminebi mos romanum (romauliCveuleba) an mores maiorum (winaparTa naanderZevi).

dawerili samarTlisagan (ius scriptum) gansxvavebiT,CveulebiTi samarTali dauwereli samarTlis (iusnon scriptum) erT-erTi gamoxatulebaa; es normebiSerwymuli iyo religiur da moralur normebTan,amitomac uZveles xanaSi samarTali da religiaerTi sityviT `fas~ (neba, ufleba, religiuri wesrigi)

moixsenieboda, am droisaTvis qurumebi did rolsTamaSobdnen samarTalwarmoebaSi.

mogvianebiT CveulebiTi samarTlis aRsaniSnavadgamoiyeneba terminebi mos romanum (romauliCveuleba) an mores maiorum (winaparTa naanderZevi).



`kanonis nacvlad savsebiT damsaxurebuladgamoiyeneba damkvidrebuli Zveli Cveuleba da igiwarmoadgens samarTals, romelsac CveulebebiTdadgenil samarTals uwodeben. vinaidan, Tukanoni mxolod imis gamo gvakisrebs movaleobas,rom igi xalxis gadawyvetilebiT aris miRebuli,maSin savsebiT samarTlianad unda dagvakisrosmovaleobebi yvelaferma imanac, rac xalxmayovelgvari Caweris gareSe moiwona. radgan ragansxvavebaa, xalxma Tavisi neba xmis micemiTgamoxata Tu Tavisi saqmeebiTa da moqmedebiT?~

ulpiane, digestebi, wigni I, tituli III, 32.

`kanonis nacvlad savsebiT damsaxurebuladgamoiyeneba damkvidrebuli Zveli Cveuleba da igiwarmoadgens samarTals, romelsac CveulebebiTdadgenil samarTals uwodeben. vinaidan, Tukanoni mxolod imis gamo gvakisrebs movaleobas,rom igi xalxis gadawyvetilebiT aris miRebuli,maSin savsebiT samarTlianad unda dagvakisrosmovaleobebi yvelaferma imanac, rac xalxmayovelgvari Caweris gareSe moiwona. radgan ragansxvavebaa, xalxma Tavisi neba xmis micemiTgamoxata Tu Tavisi saqmeebiTa da moqmedebiT?~

ulpiane, digestebi, wigni I, tituli III, 32.



imas, rac didi xnis CveulebiT arismowonebuli da rasac [xalxi] mravaliwlis manZilze icavs, rogorcmoqalaqeTa Soris mdumare SeTanxmebas,aranaklebi Zala aqvs vidre kanons~.hermogeniane, digestebi, wigni I, tituli III, 35.

`Zvel Cveulebas kanonis nacvlad,Cveulebriv, iyeneben maSin, rodesacdawerili kanoni ar gaaCniaT~. ulpiane,digestebi, wigni I, tituli III, 33.

imas, rac didi xnis CveulebiT arismowonebuli da rasac [xalxi] mravaliwlis manZilze icavs, rogorcmoqalaqeTa Soris mdumare SeTanxmebas,aranaklebi Zala aqvs vidre kanons~.hermogeniane, digestebi, wigni I, tituli III, 35.

`Zvel Cveulebas kanonis nacvlad,Cveulebriv, iyeneben maSin, rodesacdawerili kanoni ar gaaCniaT~. ulpiane,digestebi, wigni I, tituli III, 33.


romis samrTlis wyaroebikanonebi

kanoni (lex, leges) romis samarTlis ZiriTadiwyaroa; pirvel kanonebs ker kidev reqsebisxanas miaweren, magaliTad iTvleba, romservius tuliusis mier gatarebulireformebi swored kanonmdeblobis gziTganxorcielda (Tumca reqsebs ar gaaCndaTsakanonmdeblo funqcia).

kanonad iwodeba aseve kuriisa da centuriiskrebis mier miRebuli sakanonmdeblo aqtebi.

kanoni (lex, leges) romis samarTlis ZiriTadiwyaroa; pirvel kanonebs ker kidev reqsebisxanas miaweren, magaliTad iTvleba, romservius tuliusis mier gatarebulireformebi swored kanonmdeblobis gziTganxorcielda (Tumca reqsebs ar gaaCndaTsakanonmdeblo funqcia).

kanonad iwodeba aseve kuriisa da centuriiskrebis mier miRebuli sakanonmdeblo aqtebi.


romis samrTlis wyaroebi _ kanonebi

dawerili samarTlis Semadgeneli nawilia aseveplebsis gadawyvetileba (plebiscita) da senatisgadawyvetileba (senatusconsultum).

`kanoni aris is, rac romaelma xalxma (populusRomanus) senatis mgistratis, magaliTad konsulis,winadadebiT daadgina. plebisciti aris is, racplebsma plebsis magistratis, magaliTad tribunis,winadadebiT daadgina... saxelwodeba `xalxi~aRniSnavs moqalaqeTa mTel erTobliobas,patriciebisa da senatorebis CaTvliT. xoloplebsi aRniSnavs [yvela] danarCen moqalaqes,patriciebisa da senatorebis gamoklebiT. magramhortensiusis (Zv.w. 287w. d.b.) kanonis gamocemisSemdeg plebiscitebsac iseTive Zala mianiWes,rogoric kanonebs qondaT~. instituciebi, wigni I, tituli II, 4.

dawerili samarTlis Semadgeneli nawilia aseveplebsis gadawyvetileba (plebiscita) da senatisgadawyvetileba (senatusconsultum).

`kanoni aris is, rac romaelma xalxma (populusRomanus) senatis mgistratis, magaliTad konsulis,winadadebiT daadgina. plebisciti aris is, racplebsma plebsis magistratis, magaliTad tribunis,winadadebiT daadgina... saxelwodeba `xalxi~aRniSnavs moqalaqeTa mTel erTobliobas,patriciebisa da senatorebis CaTvliT. xoloplebsi aRniSnavs [yvela] danarCen moqalaqes,patriciebisa da senatorebis gamoklebiT. magramhortensiusis (Zv.w. 287w. d.b.) kanonis gamocemisSemdeg plebiscitebsac iseTive Zala mianiWes,rogoric kanonebs qondaT~. instituciebi, wigni I, tituli II, 4.



`senatis gadawyvetileba(senatusconsultum) aris is, rac senatmabrZana da daadgina. vinaidan, rodesacromaeli xalxi ise gamravlda, romZneli gaxda kanonebisdasamtkiceblad misi erTad mowveva,maSin samarTlianad iqna miCneuli, romxalxis nacvlad senatTan eTaTbiraT~.instituciebi, wigni I, tituli II, 4.

`senatis gadawyvetileba(senatusconsultum) aris is, rac senatmabrZana da daadgina. vinaidan, rodesacromaeli xalxi ise gamravlda, romZneli gaxda kanonebisdasamtkiceblad misi erTad mowveva,maSin samarTlianad iqna miCneuli, romxalxis nacvlad senatTan eTaTbiraT~.instituciebi, wigni I, tituli II, 4.



imperiis periodSi (I-Vss.) sakanonmdeblo funqciaimperatoris xelSi gadavida. imperatorisgankargulebebs _ konstituciebi ewoda;

isini oTxi saxis iyo:

• ediqtebi _ mTeli mosaxleobisaTvis gankuTvniligankargulebebi;

• reskriptebi _ calkeul saqmeze gamocemuligankargulebebi;

• mandatebi _ moxeleTaTvis micemuli davalebebi,instruqciebi;

• dekretebi _ sadao sakiTxebze miRebuligadawyvetilebebi.

imperiis periodSi (I-Vss.) sakanonmdeblo funqciaimperatoris xelSi gadavida. imperatorisgankargulebebs _ konstituciebi ewoda;

isini oTxi saxis iyo:

• ediqtebi _ mTeli mosaxleobisaTvis gankuTvniligankargulebebi;

• reskriptebi _ calkeul saqmeze gamocemuligankargulebebi;

• mandatebi _ moxeleTaTvis micemuli davalebebi,instruqciebi;

• dekretebi _ sadao sakiTxebze miRebuligadawyvetilebebi.



`magram princefsis dadgenilebebsackanonis Zala aqvs, radgan `mefiskanoniT~, romelic misi (e.i. princefsis)xelisuflebis Sesaxeb gamoica, xalxmamTeli Tavisi Zala da ufleba masdauTmo. ase rom, yvelaferi is, rasac kiimperatori werliT (epistula) daadgens, angamoZiebis Semdeg gadawyvets da anediqtiT brZanebs, kanonad iTvleba.[swored] es aris is, rac konstituciebadiwodeba.

`magram princefsis dadgenilebebsackanonis Zala aqvs, radgan `mefiskanoniT~, romelic misi (e.i. princefsis)xelisuflebis Sesaxeb gamoica, xalxmamTeli Tavisi Zala da ufleba masdauTmo. ase rom, yvelaferi is, rasac kiimperatori werliT (epistula) daadgens, angamoZiebis Semdeg gadawyvets da anediqtiT brZanebs, kanonad iTvleba.[swored] es aris is, rac konstituciebadiwodeba.



rasakvirvelia, maT Soris zogierTi[konstitucia] personaluria da sxvebze arvrceldeba, radgan princefss es ar surs.vinaidan, Tu man raime damsaxurebis gamovinme daajildova, an, Tu vinmes sasjelidaado da an, Tu vinmes daexmara ise, romamiT precendenti ar Seuqmnia, maSin [esdadgenileba] am piris garda, sxvebze arvrceldeba, xolo sxva [dadgenilebebi],ramdenadac isini zogadi [xasiaTis] arian,ueWvelad, yvelasaTvis savaldebuloa~.instituciebi, wigni I, tituli II, 4.

rasakvirvelia, maT Soris zogierTi[konstitucia] personaluria da sxvebze arvrceldeba, radgan princefss es ar surs.vinaidan, Tu man raime damsaxurebis gamovinme daajildova, an, Tu vinmes sasjelidaado da an, Tu vinmes daexmara ise, romamiT precendenti ar Seuqmnia, maSin [esdadgenileba] am piris garda, sxvebze arvrceldeba, xolo sxva [dadgenilebebi],ramdenadac isini zogadi [xasiaTis] arian,ueWvelad, yvelasaTvis savaldebuloa~.instituciebi, wigni I, tituli II, 4.


romis samrTlis wyaroebi _ kanonebi

arqaul periodSi samarTlis wyarosmniSvneloba gaaCndaT aseve kanoniersarCelebs (legis actiones).

`...Seadgines sarCelebi, romelTa saSualebiTadamianebi erTmaneTs Soris warmoqmnildavebs wyvetdnen. xalxs rom Tavisi neba-survilis mixedviT ar Seedgina,gadawyvites, rom maT zustadgansazRvruli da dadgenili saxehqonodaT, da samarTlis am nawils uwodeslegis actiones, e.i. `kanonieri sarCelebi~.pomponiusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli II, 2, $6.

arqaul periodSi samarTlis wyarosmniSvneloba gaaCndaT aseve kanoniersarCelebs (legis actiones).

`...Seadgines sarCelebi, romelTa saSualebiTadamianebi erTmaneTs Soris warmoqmnildavebs wyvetdnen. xalxs rom Tavisi neba-survilis mixedviT ar Seedgina,gadawyvites, rom maT zustadgansazRvruli da dadgenili saxehqonodaT, da samarTlis am nawils uwodeslegis actiones, e.i. `kanonieri sarCelebi~.pomponiusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli II, 2, $6.


romis samrTlis wyaroebimagistratebis ediqtebi

magistratebis mier gamocemul sajarogancxadebebs, brZanebebsa Tu instruqciebssavaldebulo xasiaTi gaaCndaT; (termini ediqtilaTinuri sityvidan momdinareobs, dico _ vambob,dicere _ Tqma, dictum _ naTqvami). maT miergamocemul ediqtebs (edicta magistratuum) kanonisZala qondaT. yvelaze mniSvnelovani pretorisediqtebi iyo. Tavdapirvelad pretori civilurisamarTlis farglebSi moqmedebda, arewinaaRmdegeboda, avsebda an azustebda mas.SemdgomSi pretoris ediqtma civilurisamarTlis moTxovnaTa Secvlac daiwyo.

magistratebis mier gamocemul sajarogancxadebebs, brZanebebsa Tu instruqciebssavaldebulo xasiaTi gaaCndaT; (termini ediqtilaTinuri sityvidan momdinareobs, dico _ vambob,dicere _ Tqma, dictum _ naTqvami). maT miergamocemul ediqtebs (edicta magistratuum) kanonisZala qondaT. yvelaze mniSvnelovani pretorisediqtebi iyo. Tavdapirvelad pretori civilurisamarTlis farglebSi moqmedebda, arewinaaRmdegeboda, avsebda an azustebda mas.SemdgomSi pretoris ediqtma civilurisamarTlis moTxovnaTa Secvlac daiwyo.



magistratebis ediqtebs maTi uflebamosilebisvadiT (rogorc wesi 1 wliT) gaaCndaTsavaldebulo Zala. Tumca am wess ar daemorCilapretoris ediqtebi, romlebic xangrZliviperiodis ganmavlobaSi gamoiyeneboda. amas xeliSeuwyo pretoris ediqtebis sistematizaciam,romelic imperator adrianes iniciativiT ax. w.131 wels ganxorcielda. kodificirebuli teqstimoiwona imperatorma, xolo senatma is ucvleladgamoacxada (edictum perpetuum). `mudmiv ediqtSi~Sesworebis gakeTeba imperatoris prerogativaiyo. ase Camoyalibda ius honorarium anu praetorium.

magistratebis ediqtebs maTi uflebamosilebisvadiT (rogorc wesi 1 wliT) gaaCndaTsavaldebulo Zala. Tumca am wess ar daemorCilapretoris ediqtebi, romlebic xangrZliviperiodis ganmavlobaSi gamoiyeneboda. amas xeliSeuwyo pretoris ediqtebis sistematizaciam,romelic imperator adrianes iniciativiT ax. w.131 wels ganxorcielda. kodificirebuli teqstimoiwona imperatorma, xolo senatma is ucvleladgamoacxada (edictum perpetuum). `mudmiv ediqtSi~Sesworebis gakeTeba imperatoris prerogativaiyo. ase Camoyalibda ius honorarium anu praetorium.



`...saqmeebs magistratebic arCevdnen.magistratebi gamoscemdnen ediqtebs immizniT, rom moqalaqeebisaTvis garkveuliyofiliyo, Tu romeli saqme, romelisamarTliT unda gaerCiaT da TavianTi saqmerogor daecvaT, da pretorTa am ediqtebmaSeadgines `sapatio samarTali~ [iushonorarium ]. sapatio mas ewoda imitom, rom[es samarTali] pretoris sapatioTanamdebobasTan aris dakavSirebuli.pomponiusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli II, 2, $10.

`...saqmeebs magistratebic arCevdnen.magistratebi gamoscemdnen ediqtebs immizniT, rom moqalaqeebisaTvis garkveuliyofiliyo, Tu romeli saqme, romelisamarTliT unda gaerCiaT da TavianTi saqmerogor daecvaT, da pretorTa am ediqtebmaSeadgines `sapatio samarTali~ [iushonorarium ]. sapatio mas ewoda imitom, rom[es samarTali] pretoris sapatioTanamdebobasTan aris dakavSirebuli.pomponiusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli II, 2, $10.


romis samrTlis wyaroebiiuristTa moRvaweoba

cnobili romaeli oratori,politikuri moRvawe,filosofosi, mwerali dasamarTalmcodne markustulius ciceroni werda, rom:namdvili samarTalmcodne daiuristi is aris, vinc icnobskanonebsa da CveulebiTsamarTals, visac SeuZliarCevis micema, saqmiswarmoebada klientis interesebisdacva.

cnobili romaeli oratori,politikuri moRvawe,filosofosi, mwerali dasamarTalmcodne markustulius ciceroni werda, rom:namdvili samarTalmcodne daiuristi is aris, vinc icnobskanonebsa da CveulebiTsamarTals, visac SeuZliarCevis micema, saqmiswarmoebada klientis interesebisdacva.

markus tuliusciceroni

Zv.w. 106-43



romael iuristTa moRvaweoba SemdegimimarTulebebiT xorcieldeboda:

• cavere _ iuridiul moqmedebaTa Sesatyvisiformulebis Camoyalibeba;

• respondere _ iuridiul sakiTxebzemoqalaqeebisaTvisa Tu saxelmwifomoxeleebisaTvis konsultaciebis, axsna-ganmartebebis micema.

• agere _ sasamarTloSi mxareTa procesualurmoqmedebaTa xelmZRvaneloba; sasamarTloSi amaTu im mxaris interesebis dacva.

romael iuristTa moRvaweoba SemdegimimarTulebebiT xorcieldeboda:

• cavere _ iuridiul moqmedebaTa Sesatyvisiformulebis Camoyalibeba;

• respondere _ iuridiul sakiTxebzemoqalaqeebisaTvisa Tu saxelmwifomoxeleebisaTvis konsultaciebis, axsna-ganmartebebis micema.

• agere _ sasamarTloSi mxareTa procesualurmoqmedebaTa xelmZRvaneloba; sasamarTloSi amaTu im mxaris interesebis dacva.


dawerili samarTlis Semadgenel nawiladganixileboda aseve samarTalmcodneTa pasuxebi

(responsa prudentium).

`samarTalmcodneTa pasuxebi warmoadgenen im [pirTa]Sexedulebebsa da mosazrebebs, romlebsacsamarTlis Seqmnis neba miecaT. vinaidan, ZvelTagandawesebuli iyo, rom arsebuliyvnen [pirebi],romlebic samarTals sajarod ganmartavdnen, daromlebsac cezarma (imperatorma) iuridiulsakiTxebze konsultaciebis micemis uflebamianiWa, da maT iuriskonsultebs uwodebdnen.yvela maTs Sexedulebasa da mosazrebas iseTiavtoriteti qonda, rom, miRebuli wesis Tanaxmad,mosamarTleebs ar SeeZloT maTi pasuxebisaTvisTavis arideba.~ instituciebi, wigni I, tituli II, 8.

`samarTalmcodneTa pasuxebi warmoadgenen im [pirTa]Sexedulebebsa da mosazrebebs, romlebsacsamarTlis Seqmnis neba miecaT. vinaidan, ZvelTagandawesebuli iyo, rom arsebuliyvnen [pirebi],romlebic samarTals sajarod ganmartavdnen, daromlebsac cezarma (imperatorma) iuridiulsakiTxebze konsultaciebis micemis uflebamianiWa, da maT iuriskonsultebs uwodebdnen.yvela maTs Sexedulebasa da mosazrebas iseTiavtoriteti qonda, rom, miRebuli wesis Tanaxmad,mosamarTleebs ar SeeZloT maTi pasuxebisaTvisTavis arideba.~ instituciebi, wigni I, tituli II, 8.



426 wels imperator valentiniane III-s drosmiiRes kanoni citirebis Sesaxeb (lex citationis),romlis Tanaxmad sxvadasxva sakiTxebisgadasawyvetad unda exelmZRvanelaT xuTigamoCenili iuristis naSromebiT, esenia: gaiusi,papianusi, pavlusi, ulpianusi da modestinusi.

Tu maTi Sexedulebebi erTmaneTs ar emTxveoda,maSin sakiTxi xmaTa umravlesobiT wydeboda,xmebis Tanabrobisas ki upiratesi mniSvnelobaim mosazrebas eniWeboda, romelsac mxarspapianusi uWerda.

426 wels imperator valentiniane III-s drosmiiRes kanoni citirebis Sesaxeb (lex citationis),romlis Tanaxmad sxvadasxva sakiTxebisgadasawyvetad unda exelmZRvanelaT xuTigamoCenili iuristis naSromebiT, esenia: gaiusi,papianusi, pavlusi, ulpianusi da modestinusi.

Tu maTi Sexedulebebi erTmaneTs ar emTxveoda,maSin sakiTxi xmaTa umravlesobiT wydeboda,xmebis Tanabrobisas ki upiratesi mniSvnelobaim mosazrebas eniWeboda, romelsac mxarspapianusi uWerda.


romis samrTlis wyaroebiXII tabulis (dafis) kanonebi

XII tabulis (dafis) kanonebi (leges duodecimtabularum) Zv.w. 450 welsaa Sedgenili.specialurad Seqmnilma decemvirTaaTkacianma komisiam am kanonebisSedgenisas berZnuli kanonmdeblobiTixelmZRvanela. mis ZiriTad wyarosCveulebiTi samarTali warmoadgens.Zeglis originali dakargulia da misiaRdgena romaeli iuristebis SromebismixedviT gaxda SesaZlebeli.

XII tabulis (dafis) kanonebi (leges duodecimtabularum) Zv.w. 450 welsaa Sedgenili.specialurad Seqmnilma decemvirTaaTkacianma komisiam am kanonebisSedgenisas berZnuli kanonmdeblobiTixelmZRvanela. mis ZiriTad wyarosCveulebiTi samarTali warmoadgens.Zeglis originali dakargulia da misiaRdgena romaeli iuristebis SromebismixedviT gaxda SesaZlebeli.



`sajaro xelisuflebam aTi kacis daniSvnagadawyvita, rom maTi saSualebiTberZnuli saxelmwifoebidan kanonebigamoeTxovaT da saxelmwifo am kanonebzedaefuZnebinaT. es kanonebi spilos Zvlisdafebze daweres da Semdeg rostraluritribunis win moaTavses, raTa xalxs maTiufro advilad aRqmis SesaZleblobaqonoda.

pomponiusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli II, 2, $4.

`sajaro xelisuflebam aTi kacis daniSvnagadawyvita, rom maTi saSualebiTberZnuli saxelmwifoebidan kanonebigamoeTxovaT da saxelmwifo am kanonebzedaefuZnebinaT. es kanonebi spilos Zvlisdafebze daweres da Semdeg rostraluritribunis win moaTavses, raTa xalxs maTiufro advilad aRqmis SesaZleblobaqonoda.

pomponiusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli II, 2, $4.



da im wliT maT gadaecaT saxelmwifoSiumaRlesi xelisufleba, raTa kanonebiSeesworebinaT da, Tu saWiro gaxdeboda,ganemartaT, da rom maTi moqmedebani vergaesaCivrebinaT, rogorc danarCenimagistratebisa. maT Tavad SeniSnes, romam pirvel kanonebs xarvezebi gaaCnda daamitom momdevno wels am dafebs orisxvac daumates da amis gamo maT Tormetidafis kanonebi ewoda~. pomponiusi, digestebi, wigni I,

tituli II, 2, $4.

da im wliT maT gadaecaT saxelmwifoSiumaRlesi xelisufleba, raTa kanonebiSeesworebinaT da, Tu saWiro gaxdeboda,ganemartaT, da rom maTi moqmedebani vergaesaCivrebinaT, rogorc danarCenimagistratebisa. maT Tavad SeniSnes, romam pirvel kanonebs xarvezebi gaaCnda daamitom momdevno wels am dafebs orisxvac daumates da amis gamo maT Tormetidafis kanonebi ewoda~. pomponiusi, digestebi, wigni I,

tituli II, 2, $4.



XII tabulis kanonebSi sakiTxebiSemdegi sistemiT iyo gadmocemuli:

• I, II da III tabula _ samoqalaqosaproceso samarTali;

• IV da V tabula _ saojaxo dasamemkvidreo samarTali;

• VI da VII tabula _ sanivTo davaldebulebiTi samarTlis sakiTxebi;

XII tabulis kanonebSi sakiTxebiSemdegi sistemiT iyo gadmocemuli:

• I, II da III tabula _ samoqalaqosaproceso samarTali;

• IV da V tabula _ saojaxo dasamemkvidreo samarTali;

• VI da VII tabula _ sanivTo davaldebulebiTi samarTlis sakiTxebi;



• VIII da IX tabula _ sisxlissamarTlis sakiTxebi;

• X tabula _ sakraluri samarTlissakiTxebi;

• XI da XII tabula _ moicavsdamatebiT muxlebs wina aTi tabulisxarvezebis Sesavsebad.

XII tabulis kanonebma udidesi roli Seasrularomis samarTlis Semdgom ganviTarebaSi.

• VIII da IX tabula _ sisxlissamarTlis sakiTxebi;

• X tabula _ sakraluri samarTlissakiTxebi;

• XI da XII tabula _ moicavsdamatebiT muxlebs wina aTi tabulisxarvezebis Sesavsebad.

XII tabulis kanonebma udidesi roli Seasrularomis samarTlis Semdgom ganviTarebaSi.


romis samrTlis wyaroebi

corpus juris civilisiustiniamdel romis samarTlis

kodifikacias warmoadgens aRmosavleT

romis imperatoris Teodos II-is 438

wlis kodifikacia, romelic imperatoris

gankargulebebs Seicavda da codex

theodosianus-is saxeliTaa cnobili.

iustiniamdel romis samarTlis

kodifikacias warmoadgens aRmosavleT

romis imperatoris Teodos II-is 438

wlis kodifikacia, romelic imperatoris

gankargulebebs Seicavda da codex

theodosianus-is saxeliTaa cnobili.



corpus juris civilisromis samarTliskodifikacia daekisraimperatorTndaaxloebul moxelestribonianes, romelicsakodifikacio komisiaSi529 wlidan rigiT wevradSedioda, 530-wlidan kixelmZRvanelobda mas.

romis samarTliskodifikacia daekisraimperatorTndaaxloebul moxelestribonianes, romelicsakodifikacio komisiaSi529 wlidan rigiT wevradSedioda, 530-wlidan kixelmZRvanelobda mas.

triboniane 500-547



corpus juris civilis529-534 wlebSi Sedgenili iqna

sami didi krebuli:

• instituciebi

• digestebi anu pandeqtebi

• iustinianes kodeqsi

mogvianebiT 535-565 wlebSiiustinianem moaxdinasamarTlis sxvadasxvadargis modernizacia dakodifikaciis am nawilsnovelebi ewoda.

529-534 wlebSi Sedgenili iqnasami didi krebuli:

• instituciebi

• digestebi anu pandeqtebi

• iustinianes kodeqsi

mogvianebiT 535-565 wlebSiiustinianem moaxdinasamarTlis sxvadasxvadargis modernizacia dakodifikaciis am nawilsnovelebi ewoda.

aRmosavleT romisimpertori iustiniane I

482 (527) _ 565 ww.



corpus juris civilisinstituciebi (institutiones) _ es arissaxelmZRvanelo damwyebiiuristebisaTvis; igi 4 nawilisaganSedgeba:

1. samarTlis subieqtebi;

2. sanivTo samarTali

3. valdebulebiTi samarTali;

4. saojaxo da memkvidreobiTi samarTali.

instituciebi (institutiones) _ es arissaxelmZRvanelo damwyebiiuristebisaTvis; igi 4 nawilisaganSedgeba:

1. samarTlis subieqtebi;

2. sanivTo samarTali

3. valdebulebiTi samarTali;

4. saojaxo da memkvidreobiTi samarTali.



corpus juris civilisdigestebi (digesta), anu pandeqtebi (pandectae)_ moicavs 40 romaeli iuristisSromebidan amokrebil calkeulgamonaTqvamebs, mosazrebebs calkeulsakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, ramac 50 wigniSeadgina.

iustinianes kodeqsi (codex iustinianus) _iustinianes gankarulebebis, anuimperatoris mier gamocemuli aqtebiserTobliobaa.

digestebi (digesta), anu pandeqtebi (pandectae)_ moicavs 40 romaeli iuristisSromebidan amokrebil calkeulgamonaTqvamebs, mosazrebebs calkeulsakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, ramac 50 wigniSeadgina.

iustinianes kodeqsi (codex iustinianus) _iustinianes gankarulebebis, anuimperatoris mier gamocemuli aqtebiserTobliobaa.



corpus juris civilisSua saukuneebSi iustinianes sakodifikacio da

sakanonmdeblo saqmianobis Sedegad miRebulmaam oTxma nawilma erTiani saxelwodeba _ corpusjuris civilis miiRo.

romis samarTlis Semdgomi gadamuSavebis SedegdmiRebul iqna:

• ekloga (740 w.);

• bazilika (886-912 ww.);

• proxeironi (daaxloebiT 1300 w.);

• konstantine armenopulos eqvswigneuli (1345 w.).

Sua saukuneebSi iustinianes sakodifikacio dasakanonmdeblo saqmianobis Sedegad miRebulmaam oTxma nawilma erTiani saxelwodeba _ corpusjuris civilis miiRo.

romis samarTlis Semdgomi gadamuSavebis SedegdmiRebul iqna:

• ekloga (740 w.);

• bazilika (886-912 ww.);

• proxeironi (daaxloebiT 1300 w.);

• konstantine armenopulos eqvswigneuli (1345 w.).


romis samarTali (safuZvlebi)

ius scriptumius non scriptumfasmos romanummores maiorumlexlegesplebiscitasenatusconsultumpopulus Romanuslegis actiones

dicodictumedicta magistratuumcavererespondereagereinstitutionespandectaedigestacodex iustinianuscorpus juris civilis

ius scriptumius non scriptumfasmos romanummores maiorumlexlegesplebiscitasenatusconsultumpopulus Romanuslegis actiones


dicodictumedicta magistratuumcavererespondereagereinstitutionespandectaedigestacodex iustinianuscorpus juris civilis

romis samarTali(safuZvlebi)

SekiTxvebi?gmadlobT

yuradRebisaTvis!gisurvebT warmatebebs!

SekiTxvebi?gmadlobT

yuradRebisaTvis!gisurvebT warmatebebs!


Documents

romis samarTlis · romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) romis samrTlis wyaroebi termini `samarTlis wyaro~ pirvelad gamoiyena cnobilma romaelma istorikosma titus liviusma, romelmac aRniSna,rom