WtW Sin Chew Jit Poh Final WtW

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'Watching the Watchdog'Malaysian Media Coverage of GE13

Final Individual Report: SIN CHEW JIT POH

15/08/13

Dr Tessa J. HoughtonSchool of Modern Languages and Cultures

Director of the Centre for the Study of Communications and CultureUniversity of Nottingham Malaysian Campus

in collaboration with

Comments and feedback welcomed at:

[email protected] 523 4575

or

Masjaliza HamzahExecutive Officer

Centre for Independent [email protected]

03-4023-0772/4024-9840

The work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspxhttp://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspx


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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary of Key Results for SIN CHEW JIT POH.............................................................................3Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................................... 5

1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions......................................................................................... 5Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................... 5Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.

Independent/Other........................................................................................................................................61.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions...............................................................................7Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions............................................7Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage ....................................................................8Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage.........................................................................9Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................10

Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................112.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................11

Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures....................................................... 11Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................12

2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources.......................................................13Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources........................................13Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other..........................................................................................................14

2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures............................................................................15Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures......................................15Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................16Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures..........................................................17Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................18

2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Attack Politics or Negative

Campaigning......................................................................................................................................................19Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics' MostOften?............................................................................................................................................................ 19Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?..........................20

Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues.................................................................................................................213.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues..................................................21

Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues.................................................................21Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues.........................................................................................22Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues................................................................................23

Section 4: A Brief Methodology..........................................................................................................................24Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables..........................................................................................................................25

.................................................................................................................................................................................. 25Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme......................................................................................................... 32

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Executive Summary of Key Results for SIN CHEW JIT POH

Introduction

Like all modern elections, it the Malaysian 13th General Election was fought primarily through themedia the so-called 'watchdogs' of democracy.

But how effective were Malaysian media outlets at providing fair and objective informationabout national politics? How well did they inform Malaysian citizens about their political environment,and thus enable them to make informed decisions about who to vote for?

The Watching the Watchdog project monitored coverage from 28 media newspapers, televisionnews broadcasts, online news sites as well as the national press agency, in four languages (English,Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin, and Tamil); in Sabah and Sarawak as well as in Peninsular Malaysia,during the month spanning April 7th to May 7th 2013 (31 days in total). It is a collaboration betweenthe University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus and the Centre for Independent Journalism.

The key results summarised below pertain to the individual publication addressed in this report.

Key Results

In scrutinising the GE13 coverage provided by Sin Chew Jit Poh, we found the following trends:

(1) Coverage of Parties & Coalitions

The mention-level coverage dedicated to each major coalition was relatively equal.

PR were attacked (69.12%) more then BN, with BN receiving more positive coverage(70.62%).

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, the neutralcategory was used very much the most often (89%).

(2) Coverage of Politicians and Political Figures

Who is talked about the most? And how are they talked about?

The volume of mention-level coverage given to politicians from both coalitions was relativelyequal.

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, theneutral category was used very much the most often (89%).

However, of the non-neutral material, more negative coverage and attacks were given to PR,while BN was given the most positive coverage.

Who is used as a source the most? And who engages in attack politics the most?

Najib Razak and Lim Kit Siang were used as sources most often.

Politicians from BN were used as sources more often (48%) than both PR politicians (36%)

and independent/other political figures (16%).

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Muhyiddin Yassin (22.56%), Najib Razak (19.51%) were first and second most commonlyengaged in attack politics, followed by Lim Kit Siang (17.07%), Lim Guan Eng (15.24%), thenChua Soi Lek (11.59%).

Overall, BN coalition politicians engaged in attack politics more often than either oppositionpoliticians.

(3) Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

Non-Policy Issues were given more coverage than Policy Issues.

The Non-Policy Issue of Ethnicity was the most covered issue overall.

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Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions

Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

BN received the most coverage (25.8%), followed by DAP, PR, MCA, PAS, then PKR.

Refer to Table 1 for figures.

5 SIN CHEW JIT POH

BN

DAPPR

MCA

PAS

PKR

UMNO

Gerakan

Other

MIC

SUPP

PSM

SAPP

PBS

PRS

PBB

UPKO

SPDP

PRM

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

25.80

17.4316.41

10.67

9.11

7.60

6.58

2.42

1.30

1.18

0.53

0.44

0.16

0.10

0.10

0.07

0.05

0.03

0.03

Volume


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Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Once parties/coalitions' coverage volumes are combined, the mention-level coveragededicated to each major coalition was relatively equal, with the PR coalition receiving slightlymore mention-level coverage than BN.


6 SIN CHEW JIT POH

BN

PR

Independent

Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

47.53

50.54

0.63

1.30

Volume


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1.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, the neutralcategory was used very much the most often (89%).

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4%3%

89%

4%

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive


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Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage

BN were the most negatively covered (25.91%), followed by PPR (20.89%), DAP (17.55%),MCA (14.21%), then PAS (6.69%).

PR were the most attacked (40.78%), followed by DAP (19.59%), then BN (18.66%), MCA(7.6%), then Pas (7.37%).


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BN

PR

DAP

MCA

PAS

UMNOGerakan

PKR

MIC

Other

PSM

SAPP

PBB

PBS

PRS

PRM

SPDP

SUPP

UPKO

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Attacked Negative

Coverage Volume


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Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage

BN received the most positive (55.64%) coverage by a very significant margin, followed byPR (13.42%), DAP (9.92%), then MCA (8.75%).


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BN

DAP

PR

MCA

PAS

PKRUMNO

Gerakan

Other

MIC

SUPP

PSM

SAPP

PBS

PRS

PBB

UPKO

SPDP

PRM

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Posi tive Neutral

Coverage Volume


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Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

When coalition and party coverage is combined into the two opposing coalitions, we see thatoverall, PR were attacked (69.12%) more then BN, with BN receiving more positive coverage(70.62%).

It should, however, be remembered that the neutral tonal category is overwhelmingly thelargest category.

Refer to Table 4 for figures and below for ratios.

CoverageType

BN : PR TonalWeighting

Positive 1 : 0.4 4%

Neutral 1 : 1.1 89%

Negative 1 : 0.9 3%

Attacked 1 : 2.3 4%

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Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

BN

PR

Independent & Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

30.65

51.25

46.95

70.62

69.12

47.35

50.99

28.21

0.23

1.39

2.06

1.17

Coverage Volume


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Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

2.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Only the top 20 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph.

Out of these 20, Najib Razak received the most mentions by a significant proportion(25.73%), followed by Lim Kit Siang (15.12%), Anwar Ibrahim (9.25%), Muhyiddin Yassinand Lim Guan Eng (both 8.14%), then Chua Soi Lek (6.88%).

Refer to Table 5 for full figures.

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Najib Razak

Lim Kit SiangAnwar Ibrahim

Muhyiddin Yassin

Lim Guan Eng

Chua Soi Lek

Hadi Awang

Mahathir Mohamad

Liow Tiong Lai

Ng Yen Yen

Khalid Ibrahim

Nik Aziz

Karpal Singh

Ambiga SreenevasanTian Chua

Hishamuddin Hussein

Nurul Izzah

Rafizi Ramli

Ibrahim Ali

G. Palanivel

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

25.73

15.129.25

8.24

8.14

6.88

3.55

3.38

2.22

2.12

1.90

1.78

1.73

1.361.33

1.06

1.04

1.04

0.91

0.59

Coverage Volume


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Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and mergedinto their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures from both major coalitionsis relatively equal.


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50% 47%

3%

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources

Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources

Of the politicians and political figures tracked, Najib Razak was used as a source most often(19.64%), followed by Lim Kit Siang (15.24%), Muhyiddin Yassin (13.03%), Chua Soi Lek(12.08%), then Lim Guan Eng (11.23%).


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Najib Razak

Lim Kit Siang

Muhyiddin Yassin

Chua Soi Lek

Lim Guan Eng

Election Commission Spokesperson

Anwar Ibrahim

Mahathir Mohamad

Khalid Ibrahim

Hadi Awang

0 5 10 15 20 25

19.64

15.24

13.03

12.08

11.23

6.06

5.43

2.46

1.69

1.51

Coverage Volume


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Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Governmentvs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Politicians from BN were used as sources more often (48%) than both PR politicians (36%)and independent/other political figures (16%).


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48%

36%

16%

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, theneutral category was used very much the most often (89%).

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4%

89%

3%4%

Positive

Neutral

Negative

Attacked


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Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Lim Kit Siang received themost negative coverage (24.04%) and attacks (28.93%).

Najib Razak was second most attacked (16.35%), followed by Chua Soi Lek (14.47%), Lim

Guan Eng (11.32%), then Anwar Ibrahim (10.69%). Refer to Table 8 for full figures.

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Lim Kit Siang

Chua Soi Lek

Najib Razak

Mahathir Mohamad

Anwar Ibrahim

Ng Yen Yen

Muhyiddin Yassin

Lim Guan Eng

Liow Tiong Lai

Nik Aziz

Hadi Awang

Karpal Singh

Rosmah Mansur

Tian Chua

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu

Khalid Ibrahim

Nurul Izzah

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Rafizi Ramli

Abdul Rahman DahlanAlfred Jabu

Azmin Ali

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Attacked Negative

Coverage Volume


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Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received themost positive (48.75%) and neutral coverage (25.69%%).

Lim Kit Siang received the second most positive coverage (15%), followed by Anwar Ibrahim(10%), then Lim Guan Eng (4.38%).


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Najib RazakLim Kit Siang

Anwar Ibrahim

Muhyiddin Yassin

Lim Guan Eng

Chua Soi Lek

Hadi Awang

Mahathir Mohamad

Ng Yen Yen

Nik Aziz

Khalid Ibrahim

Karpal Singh

Liow Tiong Lai

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Tian Chua

Ibrahim Ali

Nurul Izzah

Hishamuddin Hussein

Rafizi Ramli

G. Palanivel

Tony Pua

Rosmah Mansur

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Posi tive Neutral

Coverage Volume


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Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Overall, more negative coverage and attacks were given to PR, while BN was given the mostpositive coverage.

It should, however, be remembered that the neutral tonal category is overwhelmingly thelargest category.

Refer to Table 9 for figures and below for ratios.

CoverageType

BN : PRTonal

Weighting

Positive 1 : 0.6 4%

Neutral 1 : 1 84%

Negative 1 : 1.1 3%

Attacked 1 : 1.5 4%

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Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

BN

PR

Independent/ Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

38.99

46.15

49.43

63.75

59.75

50.96

47.50

36.25

1.26

2.88

3.07

0.00

Coverage Volume


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2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: AttackPolitics or Negative Campaigning

Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics'

Most Often?

This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.

Muhyiddin Yassin (22.56%), Najib Razak (19.51%) were first and second most commonlyengaged in attack politics, followed by Lim Kit Siang (17.07%), Lim Guan Eng (15.24%), thenChua Soi Lek (11.59%).


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Muhyiddin Yassin

Najib Razak

Lim Kit Siang

Lim Guan Eng

Chua Soi Lek

Mahathir Mohamad

Khalid Ibrahim

Anwar Ibrahim

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Hadi Awang

Election Commission Spokesperson

Baru Bian

Hassan Ali

Jeffrey Kitingan

Musa Aman

0 5 10 15 20 25

22.56

19.51

17.07

15.24

11.59

3.66

2.44

1.83

1.22

1.22

1.22

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Attack Volume


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Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?

This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.

Overall, BN coalition politicians engaged in attack politics more often than either oppositionpoliticians.


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57%

38%

5%

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues

3.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

More coverage overall is given to Non-Policy Issues than Policy Issues.


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41%

59%

Policy Issues

Non-Policy Issues


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Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues

Of all Policy Issues covered, Vision Policies and Programmes were given the most coverage,followed by Religion, the Economy & Development then Education.


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43%

3%12%

10%

4%

6%

2%0%

20%

Policy Issues

VisionPolicies/ProgrammesEnvironmentEconomy/DevelopmentEducationForeign PolicyDomestic Policy, Crime &National SecurityOppressive LegislationHealthReligion


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Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues

Of all Non-Policy Issues covered, Ethnicity was given the most coverage, followed bySocioeconomic Status, then Electioneering.


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53%

9%

4%

19%

1%

4%

11%

Non-Policy Issues

Ethnicity

Religion

Democracy & Human Rights

Socioeconomic Status

Mudslinging

Gender

Electioneering


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Section 4: A Brief Methodology

Dates analysed: 7/4/13 07/05/13 (nd = 31 days)

Number of data points/references identified and analysed: ndp = 36381

Number of articles identified and analysed: na = 1225

Average number of articles/day: na/d = 39.5

Data Collection

The data was collected or 'coded' using sentence-level content analysis. A team of around 70'coders' from all over Malaysia, from both private and public universities, and from civil society,coded their assigned media on a daily basis.

Stories 'coded' were selected according to the following criteria:

They were within the Malaysian news section/s of the newspapers including the front page, orwere the paper's editorial (if they run one).

They were from pre-defined 'Malaysian News' areas of the news websites monitored, with'snapshots' taken at 8pm daily.

They were from within the TV news broadcasts.

They were more than 1/3 about the election, and were news stories as opposed to columns,opinions pieces, letters, etc (with the exception of the paper's own editorial, if present).

Within each story, category/operator references were identified and coded at the sentence level

(from period to period). The 21 categories identified and their sub-categories or 'operators' areoutlined in Appendix 2. These 21 categories form the 'unit of analysis' for this study.

Tone (positive, negative, neutral, attacking, or attacked) was determined based on matching eachreference to a media frame or frames, supportable via emotive/descriptive/subjectivelanguage/vocabulary utilised by the either the news personnel or the source beingquoted/paraphrased. As such, tone is not based upon coder opinion but on linguistic data. Coderswere instructed to 'code as neutral' whenever there was a lack of linguistic data to support apositive/negative/attacking/attacked frame, or whenever they were unsure/conflicted.

Data Analysis

The data was analysed using the open source software package GNU Octave (a multi-disciplinarymathematical data analysis programme capable of SPSS/NVIVO-level statistical analysis, as well asmuch higher-level mathematical analysis). Scripts were composed to count occurrences of key data-codes, as specified by the project's finite code-listing set (see Appendix 2), for every row of codeddata (i.e. every reference). Where appropriate, code-count occurrences have been normalised toprovide the percentage of these key-code occurrences.

24 SIN CHEW JIT POH
http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/


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Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables

25 SIN CHEW JIT POH

TABLE 1

Party Percentage

BN 25.799

DAP 17.427

Gerakan 2.4192

MCA 10.67

MIC 1.1837

PAS 9.1066

PBB 0.06912

PBS 0.095041

PKR 7.6032

PR 16.407

PRS 0.095041

PRM 0.02592PSM 0.44064

SAPP 0.16416

SPDP 0.03456

SUPP 0.52704

UMNO 6.5837

UPKO 0.05184

Other 1.296

TABLE 2

Party Percentage Coalition Percentage

BN 25.799

BN 47.528242

Gerakan 2.4192

MCA 10.67

MIC 1.1837

PBB 0.06912

PBS 0.095041

PRS 0.095041

SPDP 0.03456

SUPP 0.52704

UMNO 6.5837

UPKO 0.05184

PR 16.407

PR 50.5438DAP 17.427

PAS 9.1066

PKR 7.6032

PRM 0.02592

Independent 0.63072PSM 0.44064

SAPP 0.16416

Other 1.296 Other 1.296

TABLE 3

Attacked Negative Neutral Positive TOTAL

BN 18.664 25.905 24.61 55.642 124.821

DAP 19.585 17.549 17.726 9.9222 64.7822

Gerakan 0 4.1783 2.4668 2.3346 8.9797

MCA 7.6037 14.206 10.764 8.7549 41.3286

MIC 0 1.6713 1.248 0.58366 3.50296

PAS 7.3733 6.6852 9.5261 3.8911 27.4757

PBB 0 0 0.078003 0 0.078003

PBS 0 0 0.10725 0 0.10725

PKR 1.3825 2.2284 8.3951 0.97276 12.97876

PR40.783 20.891 15.347 13.424

90.445

PRS 0 0 0.10725 0 0.10725

PRM 0 0 0.019501 0.19455 0.214051

PSM 0 0.5571 0.46802 0.19455 1.21967

SAPP 0 0.27855 0.17551 0 0.45406

SPDP 0 0 0.039002 0 0.039002

SUPP 0 0 0.58502 0.19455 0.77957

UMNO 4.3779 5.2925 6.8838 3.1128 19.667

UPKO 0 0 0.058502 0 0.058502

Other 0.23041 0.5571 1.3943 0.77821 2.96002

Parties &

Coalitions


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26 SIN CHEW JIT POH

TABLE 4

BN

Attacked 30.6456

Negative 38.8012

Neutral 46.947627

Positive 70.62251

PR

Attacked 69.1238

Negative 47.3536

Neutral 50.9942

Positive 28.21006

Attacked 0.23041

Negative 1.39275

Neutral 2.057331

Positive 1.16731

Independent &

Other

TABLE 5

Politician/Political Figure

Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0.098668

Alfred Jabu 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 1.3567

Anwar Ibrahim 9.2501

Azmin Ali 0.24667

Baru Bian 0.024667

Bernard Dompok 0

Chong Chieng Jen 0.024667

Chua Soi Lek 6.8821

Dzulkefly Ahmad 0.024667

Elizabeth Wong 0

G. Palanivel 0.59201

Hadi Awang 3.552

Hassan Ali 0

Hishamuddin Hussein 1.0607Ibrahim Ali 0.91268

James Masing 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0.148

Karpal Singh 1.7267

Khalid Ibrahim 1.8994

Khalid Samad 0.17267

Lim Guan Eng 8.1401

Lim Kit Siang 15.121

Liow Tiong Lai 2.22

Mahathir Mohamad 3.3794Maximus Ongkili 0

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0.37

Muhyiddin Yassin 8.2388

Musa Aman 0.074001

Najib Razak 25.728

Ng Yen Yen 2.1214

Nik Aziz 1.776

Nizar Jamaluddin 0.074001

Nurul Izzah 1.036

Rafizi Ramli 1.036

Rosmah Mansur 0.46867

Siti Mariah Mahmud 0.024667

Taib Mahmud 0.024667

Teresa Kok 0.27134

Tian Chua 1.332

Tony Pua 0.59201

William Mawan 0

Wong Ho Leng 0

Wong Soon Koh 0

Yong Teck Lee 0

(mention)


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TABLE 6

Politician/Political Figure Party etc. Percentage Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek

MCA 11.2235

BN 50.419746

Liow Tiong Lai

Ng Yen Yen

G. Palanivel MIC 0.59201Alfred Jabu

PBB 0.024667Taib Mahmud

Maximus Ongkili PBS 0

James Masing PRS 0

William Mawan SPDP 0

Wong Soon Koh SUPP 0

Abdul Rahman Dahlan

UMNO 38.579569

Hishamuddin Hussein

Mahathir Mohamad

Muhyiddin Yassin

Musa Aman

Najib Razak

Bernard Dompok UPKO 0

Chong Chieng Jen

DAP 25.875817

PR 46.842659

Karpal Singh

Lim Guan Eng

Lim Kit Siang

Teresa Kok

Tony Pua

Wong Ho Leng

Dzulkefly Ahmad

PAS 5.994005

Hadi Awang

Khalid Samad

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu

Nik Aziz

Nizar Jamaluddin

Siti Mariah Mahmud

Anwar Ibrahim

PKR 14.972837

Azmin Ali

Baru Bian

Elizabeth WongJeffrey Kitingan

Khalid Ibrahim

Nurul Izzah

Rafizi Ramli

Tian Chua

Ambiga Sreenevasan Bersih 1.3567

2.73805

Hassan Ali Independent 0

Ibrahim Ali Perkasa 0.91268

Rosmah Mansur 0.46867

Yong Teck Lee SAPP 0

Independent/

Other'1st lady'


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28 SIN CHEW JIT POH

TABLE 7

Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek 12.078

BN 47.72355

Mahathir Mohamad 2.4596


Musa Aman 0

Najib Razak 19.64

Nazri Aziz 0

Taib Mahmud 0.51395


PR 36.269711

Baru Bian 0.036711

Hadi Awang 1.5051

Jeffrey Kitingan 0


Lim Guan Eng 11.233

Lim Kit Siang 15.235

Nik Aziz 1.138


Independent 16.00587

Hassan Ali 0.40382

Vox Pop Male 6.3877

Vox Pop Female 1.138

0.84435

6.0573

Percentage

(source)

Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral

Election CommissionSpokesperson


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29 SIN CHEW JIT POH

TABLE 8

Politician/Political Figure Attacked Negative Neutral Positive

Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0 0 0.087694 0.625

Alfred Jabu 0 0 0 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 0 0.96154 1.5493 0

Anwar Ibrahim 10.692 8.6538 9.7048 10

Azmin Ali 0 0 0.29231 0Baru Bian 0 0 0.029231 0

Bernard Dompok 0 0 0 0

Chong Chieng Jen 0 0 0.029231 0

Chua Soi Lek 14.465 13.462 6.4309 3.125

Dzulkefly Ahmad 0 0 0.029231 0

Elizabeth Wong 0 0 0 0

G. Palanivel 0 0 0.67232 0.625

Hadi Awang 0 2.8846 4.0339 0

Hassan Ali 0 0 0 0

Hishamuddin Hussein 0 0 0.96463 0Ibrahim Ali 0 0 1.0816 0

James Masing 0 0 0 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0 0 0.17539 0

Karpal Singh 0 2.8846 1.7831 2.5

Khalid Ibrahim 5.6604 0.96154 1.8416 1.25

Khalid Samad 0 0 0.20462 0

Lim Guan Eng 11.321 2.8846 8.2432 4.375

Lim Kit Siang 28.931 24.038 14.469 15

Liow Tiong Lai 3.1447 2.8846 1.7831 2.5

Mahathir Mohamad 5.0314 9.6154 3.0693 1.875

Maximus Ongkili 0 0 0 0

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0 1.9231 0.35077 0

Muhyiddin Yassin 0 3.8462 8.4186 2.5

Musa Aman 0 0 0.087694 0

Najib Razak 16.352 11.538 25.694 48.75

Ng Yen Yen 0 4.8077 2.1923 3.75

Nik Aziz 0.62893 2.8846 1.9293 1.25

Nizar Jamaluddin 0 0 0.087694 0

Nurul Izzah 1.2579 0.96154 1.0231 1.25

Rafizi Ramli 0 0.96154 0.90617 0

Rosmah Mansur 1.2579 1.9231 0.43847 0Siti Mariah Mahmud 0 0 0.029231 0

Taib Mahmud 0 0 0.029231 0

Teresa Kok 0 0 0.32154 0

Tian Chua 1.2579 1.9231 1.4031 0

Tony Pua 0 0 0.61386 0.625

William Mawan 0 0 0 0

Wong Ho Leng 0 0 0 0

Wong Soon Koh 0 0 0 0

Yong Teck Lee 0 0 0 0


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30 SIN CHEW JIT POH

TABLE 9

BN

Attacked 38.9931

Negative 46.1539

Neutral 49.429769

Positive 63.75

PR

Attacked 59.74913

Negative 50.96102

Neutral 47.500378

Positive 36.25

Attacked 1.2579

Negative 2.88464

Neutral 3.06937

Positive 0

Independent/

Other

TABLE 10

Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek 11.585

BN 57.3165

Mahathir Mohamad 3.6585


Musa Aman 0

Najib Razak 19.512

Nazri Aziz 0

Taib Mahmud 0


PR 37.8048

Baru Bian 0

Hadi Awang 1.2195

Jeffrey Kitingan 0


Lim Guan Eng 15.244

Lim Kit Siang 17.073Nik Aziz 0


Independent 4.878

Hassan Ali 0

Vox Pop Male 2.439

Vox Pop Female 0

0

1.2195

Percentage

(source +attacking)

Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral

Election CommissionSpokesperson


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31 SIN CHEW JIT POH

TABLE 11

Issues Coverage PI/NPI Coverage

Vision Policies/Programmes 7.3958

Policy Issues 17.27059

Environment 0.58567Economy/Development 2.0567

Education 1.7162

Foreign Policy 0.66739

Domestic Policy, Crime & National Security 1.0488

Oppressive Legislation 0.40861

Health 0.01362

Religion 3.3778

Ethnicity 13.307

25.25202

Religion 2.1656

Democracy & Human Rights 1.1305

Socioeconomic Status 4.7399

Mudslinging 0.21792

Gender 0.9398

Electioneering 2.7513

Non-PolicyIssues


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Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme

1. Politician or Political Figure (Mentioned)

1. Abdul Rahman Dalan

2. Alfred Jabu3. Ambiga Sreenevasan4. Anwar Ibrahim5. Azmin Ali6. Baru Bian7. Bernard Dompok8. Chong Chieng Jen9. Chua Soi Lek10. Dzulkefly Ahmad11. Elizabeth Wong12. G. Palanivel13. Hadi Awang14. Hassan Ali15. Hishamuddin Hussein

16. James Masing17. Jeffrey Kitingan18. Karpal Singh19. Khalid Ibrahim20. Khalid Samad21. Lim Guan Eng22. Lim Kit Siang23. Liow Tiong Lai24. Mahathir Mohamad25. Maximus Ongkili26. Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu27. Muhyiddin Yassin28. Musa Aman

29. Najib Razak30. Ng Yen Yen31. Nik Aziz32. Nizar Jamaluddin33. Nurul Izzah34. Rafizi Ramli35. Rosmah Mansur36. Siti Mariah Mahmud37. Taib Mahmud38. Teresa Kok39. Tian Chua40. Tony Pua41. William Mawan42. Wong Ho Leng

43. Wong Soon Koh44. Yong Teck Lee

2. Politicians or Political Figure (Used as a Source)

1. Ambiga Sreenevasan (Bersih)2. Anwar Ibrahim (PKR)3. Baru Bian4. Chua Soi Lek5. Hadi Awang6. Hassan Ali7. Jeffrey Kitingan8. Khalid Ibrahim9. Lim Guan Eng

10. Lim Kit Siang11. Mahathir Mohamad

12. Muhyiddin Yassin13. Musa Aman14. Najib Razak

15. Nazri Aziz16. Nik Aziz17. Taib Mahmud18. Vox Pop Male19. Vox Pop Female20. Public Opinion/Vox Pop General21. Election Commission Spokesperson

3. Party or Coalition

1. BN (Barisan Nasional)2. DAP (Democratic Action Party)3. Gerakan (Malaysian People's Movement

Party)

4. MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association)5. MIC (Malaysian Indian Congress)6. PAS (Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party)7. PBB (Parti Besaka Bumputera Bersatu)8. PBS (Parti Bersatu Sabah)9. PKR (People's Justice Party)10. PR (Pakatan Rakyat)11. PRS (Sarawak People's Party)12. PRM (Parti Rakyat Malaysia)13. PSM (Parti Sosialis Malaysia)14. SAPP (Sabah Progressive Party)15. SPDP (Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party)16. SUPP (Sarawak United People's Party)

17. UMNO (United Malays National Organisation)18. UPKO (United Pasokmomogun KadazandusunMurut Organisation)

4. Organisations

1. Bersih2. Community-based organisations.3. Democracy- or human rights-oriented

organisations (excluding Bersih)4. Environmentally-oriented organisations5. Ethnicity-oriented organisations6. JATI7. Perkasa8. Professionals organisations9. Religious organisations.10. Trade Unions11. Womens' rights or issues focused organisations.12. Youth or student focused organisations13. Election Commission

5. Policy Issues

1. Vision Policies or Programmes1. 1Malaysia2. GTP (Government Transformation

Programme)3. ETP (Economic Transformation Programme)

4. NKRA (National Key Results Areas)5. NEP/'Bumiputeraism'

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6. PAS's Welfare State7. PKR's Buku Jingga8. NEM (New Economic Model)9. 'Transformasi'10. BN Manifesto11. PR Manifesto12. Other

2. Environment1. Deforestation/Land Rights2. Recycling3. Lynas4. Polluting Industries (non-Lynas)5. Damming Projects6. Other

3. Economy/Development1. Recession2. Welfare3. Unemployment4. Poverty5. Privatisation6. Growth/FDI7. FTA/Globalisation8. Inflation/Price Rises9. Infrastructure10. Housing11. Other

4. Education1. Vernacular Schools2. Access3. PPSMI4. Academic Freedom5. System

6. PTPTN7. Other

5. Foreign Policy1. Western World2. Singapore (Mentions of)3. Singapore (Comparison with)4. China5. India6. Islamic World7. Israel/Palestine8. Indonesia9. Other

6. Domestic Policy, Crime, & National Security1. Immigration2. Illegals/Refugees3. Terrorism (not Lahad Datu)4. Crime5. Lahad Datu Incident6. Other

7. Oppressive Legislation1. ISA (Internal Security Act)2. AUKU/UUCA (Universities and University

Colleges Act 1971)3. Sedition Act

4. PPPA (Printing Presses and Publication Act)5. PAA (Peaceful Assembly Act 2012)

6. SOSMA (Security Offences (SpecialMeasures) Act 2012)

7. Other

8. Health1. 1Care2. Other

9. Religion1. Apostasy2. Islamic State3. Hudud4. Conversion (into Islam)5. 'Allah' issue6. Other

6. Non-Policy Issues

1. Ethnicity1. Malaysia2. Chinese3. Indian/South Asian4. Orang Asli5. Orang Asal, Sabah & Sarawak6. Thai7. Portuguese/Eurasian8. Malay Rights9. Other

2. Religion1. Islam2. Buddhism/Taoism3. Hinduism4. Christianity5. Sikhism

6. Religious Freedom (non-apostasy related)7. Interfaith Dialogue/Unity8. Interfaith Friction9. Other

3. Democracy & Human Rights1. General Corruption2. Electoral Corruption3. Media Freedom4. Electoral Reform5. Electoral Legislation6. 2-Party System7. Protest/Rallies8. Other

4. Socioeconomic Sectors1. Middle Class/Professionals2. Working Class3. Aristocracy/Monarchy4. Civil Service5. Military and Police6. FELDA7. Plantation/Estate Workers8. Chine New Villagers9. Senior Citizens/Retirees10. RELA/Wataniah11. Urban

12. Rural13. Cost of Living

33 SIN CHEW JIT POH


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14. Other

5. Territory1. Kuala Lumpur2. Labuan3. Putrajaya4. Johor5. Kedah

6. Kelantan7. Malacca8. Negeri Sembilan9. Pahang10. Perak11. Perlis12. Penang13. Sabah14. Sarawak15. Selangor16. Terengganu17. Sarawak Independence18. Sabah Independence

6. Mudslinging1. Anwar/Sodomy2. Altantuya3. Rosmah4. Penang CM5. Selangor CM6. NFC7. Arms Deals8. Psy/CNY Concert9. Project IC10. Taib Mahmud and Logging Expose11. Other

7. Gender

1. Sexuality2. Women in politics3. Personal/Private life4. Womens' Issues5. LGBT/Q6. Appearance

7. Sexism8. Other

8. Electioneering1. Event-specific Gifts2. Handouts3. Timely Developments4. Election Promises5. Baby-kissing6. Cybertroopers/Social Media War7. Other

Documents

WtW Sin Chew Jit Poh Final WtW