Smart Grids i Treci energetski paket: izazovi i mogucnosti ... Kapetanovic.pdf · •Kruzni tokovi - kako: fizika + vjetar/sunce + trziste 22. studeni 2010 CIGRE Zagreb 11 •Promjenjljivost

Smart Grids i Treci energetski paket: izazovi i mogucnosti elektroenergetskih sustava buducnosti

Tahir Kapetanovic

E-Control

22. studeni 2010

CIGRE Zagreb 222. studeni 2010

Niagara Falls

Power Co.

Cataract Power

& Conduit Co.

Buffalo

* http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/exhibits/panam/sel/electricity.html#cpcc

Prisjecajuci se odakle smo poceli (s trzistem !) …

http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/exhibits/panam/sel/electricity.html


Hintergrund: http://www.nightskynation.com/pics/earth-at-night.jpg

… i sto smo postigli …

http://www.nightskynation.com/pics/earth-at-night.jpg







… mreze vec i danas imaju visoki IQ („smartness“) …

… samo sto je nevidljiv i konacni proizvod dolaziiz uticnice, kad god je potreban (?!)


Sadrzaj

• („novi“) izazovi

• Smart Grids u europskim okvirima

• Istrazivanje, razvoj i primjena

• Pogled u buducnost


Sadrzaj





Smart Grids: glavni pokretaci i izazovi

CIGRE Zagreb722. studeni 2010

izvor: www.smartgrids.eu,

Strategic Deployment Document

Distribuirana i mikro proizvodnja

Integracijavjetroenergije

Integracija trzistapreko granica

upravljackih podrucjaAktivno ukljucenje

korisnika

Sigurnostpogona

Sigurnostopskrbe

http://www.smartgrids.eu/

Integracija vjetroenergije

2010

2020

2030

Instalirana snaga vjetroelektrana EU 2010-2030 (izvor: EWEA)

Integracija vjetroenergije (nastavak)



Proizvodnja vjetroelektrana EU 2010-2030 (izvor: EWEA)

Ukupnaproizvodnja 3300 3800 4250EU TWh izvor: Eurelectric


• Promjenjljivost - i najbolja prognoza odstupa 14%

• Udaljenost od i prijenos do potrosaca

• Vremenski pomak u odnosu na potrosnju – kamo s energijom?

• Raspolozivost - koliko redundancije je potrebno (npr. DK)

• P-f regulacija - potrebe vs. ukupan udio vjetroenergije

• Spremanje/akumulacija - koliko, sto, gdje, kada, tko / za koga

• Kruzni tokovi - kako: fizika + vjetar/sunce + trziste

22. studeni 2010 CIGRE Zagreb 11

• Promjenjljivost - i najbolja prognoza odstupa 14%

• Udaljenost od i prijenos do potrosaca

• Vremenski pomak u odnosu na potrosnju – kamo s energijom?

• Raspolozivost - koliko redundancije je potrebno (npr. DK)

• P-f regulacija - potrebe vs. ukupan udio vjetroenergije

• Spremanje/akumulacija - koliko, sto, gdje, kada, tko / za koga

• Kruzni tokovi - kako: fizika + vjetar/sunce + trziste

• Kako s trzistem?


22. studeni 2010

Variable

Price REA

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 t/h

REA- subsidy,

not in weak

load time

EEX

EEX price

development

Pri

ce

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 t/h

REA

Subsidy

Variable

Price REA

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 t/h

REA- subsidy,

not in weak

load time

EEX

EEX price

development

Pri

ce

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 t/h

REA

Subsidy

izvor: Kapetanovic et al: „Provision of Ancillary Services by Dispersed Generation and

Demand Side Response - Needs, Barriers and Solutions”, CIGRE 2008, C6-107

13CIGRE Zagreb

Distribuirana i mikroproizvodnjaEU uredbe o obnovljivim izvorima i o trzistu el. energije; § 7 Z 4a ElWOG*

* Begriff „dezentrale Erzeugungsanlage“ bezeichnet eine Erzeugungsanlage, die an ein öffentliches

Mittel- oder Niederspannungs-Verteilernetz (Bezugspunkt Übergabestelle) angeschlossen ist und

somit Verbrauchernähe aufweist oder eine Erzeugungsanlage, die der Eigenversorgung dient;

• Dvosmjerni tokovi snaga u razdjelnoj mrezi (zastita?)

• Snaga kratkog spoja bez sinhronih generatora

• Napon: grana/struktura/topologija mreze

• Gubici: za sada neutralni, ali ubuduce?

• Promjenjivost i raspolozivost

• Kako sa fotonaponom ?


Integracija trzista preko granica upravljackih podrucja

• Koordinacija dodjele prijenosnih kapaciteta

• Tercijarna i sekundarna regulacija - „spajanje“ (od vise TSO-a)

• Pogon centralno koordiniran vs. distr. upravljanje kvarovima

• Planiranje i planiranje pogona vs. dozvole i organizacija

• Rezerve i spremanje/akumulacija zajedno

• Dostup informacijama: za trzista, za pogon, za nadzor …

• (… i preko granica sinhronog podrucja - UPS/IPS, …)


(Aktivno) ukljucenje korisnikaEU uredbe o obnovljivim izvorima i o trzistu el. energije „last mile“

• Promjena dobavljaca

• Informacija i zastita interesa korisnika

• Demand Response (kao usluga …)

• Upravljanje vrsnim opterecenjem i energetskim portfoliom

• Energetska razmjena direktno na NN/SN razini

• Virtualne elektrane

• Smart Metering


Sigurnost pogona

• „Power System Control Gap“ (vec od 1970!)

• Porast promjenjivosti frekvencije

• Staticka / dinamicka sigurnost pogona i stabilnostCIGRE Zagreb 1722. studeni 2010

izvor: UCTE Frequency Report 2009

https://www.entsoe.eu/fileadmin/

user_upload_library/publications/ce/

otherreports/090330_UCTE_Frequency

InvestigationReport_Abstract.pdf

https://www.entsoe.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/_library/publications/ce/otherreports/090330_UCTE_FrequencyInvestigationReport_Abstract.pdf













Sigurnost opskrbe*

* CEER Security of Supply Report 2004, http://www.energy-regulators.eu/portal/page/portal/

EER_HOME/EER_PUBLICATIONS/CEER_ERGEG_PAPERS/Electricity/2004/CEER_SECURITYELECTRICITYUPPLYREPORT2004_09-04.PDF :

“Security of supply means that customers have access to electricity at the time they need it with

the defined quality and at a transparent and cost-oriented price ”

• Sigurnost opskrbe (monopol) Upravljanje rizicima (trziste)


• „Jedan“ sudionik

• Planiranje I razvoj “bez rizika”

• Jednostavne uloge i odgovrnosti

• Samo jedan dobavljac moguc

• Jednostavni tokovi podataka i informacija

• „Odluke odozgo”

• “Energetska neovisnost” (nikad nije bila)

• Puno (novih) sudionika

• Centralna funkcija: upravljanje rizikom

• (Re)definicija uloga I odgovornosti

• Slobodni izbor dobavljaca

• Slozeni tokovi podataka I informacija

• Samo ako “svatko izvrsi svoju duznost”

• Razmjena preko granica upravljackogpodrucja

http://www.energy-regulators.eu/portal/page/portal/EER_HOME/EER_PUBLICATIONS/CEER_ERGEG_PAPERS/Electricity/2004/CEER_SECURITYELECTRICITYSUPPLYREPORT2004_09-04.PDF










Sadrzaj





Uredba o trzistu el. energije 2009/72/EGArt. 3 – General obligations and customer protection (selected)

(1) (MS ensure)

competition, security, environment in electricity market

(2) (MS obligations on electricity undertakings)

security of supply, continuity, quality, price, environment- and climate-protection, energy efficiency, renewables

…

(10) Energy efficiency and demand response, grid infrastructure and interconnections

(11) (in support of energy efficiency)

Energy management, Smart Metering, Smart Grids


Uredba o trzistu el. energije 2009/72/EGArt. 12 – Duties and obligations of TSOs (selected)

a) (TSO is responsible for)

Meeting of demand for electric power transmission, ensuring secure, reliable and capable transmission network operation, maintenance and construction

…

d) Exchange and ancillary services with other TSOs

e) (in synchronous area)

Information exchange, coordinated grid expansion, interoperability

…

h) … foster market integration


Uredba o trzistu el. energije 2009/72/EGArt. 25 – Duties and obligations of DSOs (selected)

(1) (DSO is responsible for)

Meeting the demand for electric power distribution in own grid area and ensuring secure, reliable and efficient distribution network, taking account of environmental protection, energy efficiency in operation, maintenance and expansion of the grid

…

(4) (MS can require DSO to) … give priority to connecting renewable and CHP generation

(5) Losses procurement

(6) Energy exchange at the DSO level

(7) (while planning the DSO grid) considering energy efficicency, demand response and distributed generation


Guidelines & Codes, Art. 8 of Regulation (EC) 714/2009

a) Network security and reliability rules including rules for technical transmission reservecapacity for operational network security;

b) Network connection rules;

c) Third-party access rules;

d) Data exchange and settlement rules;

e) Interoperability rules;

f) Operational procedures in an emergency;

g) Capacity-allocation and congestion-management rules;

h) Rules for trading related to technical and operational provision of network access servicesand system balancing;

i) Transparency rules;

j) Balancing rules including network-related reserve power rules;

k) Rules regarding harmonised transmission tariff structures including locational signals andinter-transmission system operator compensation rules;

l) Energy efficiency regarding electricity networks;


Guidelines, Codes, glavni pokretaci i izazovi(pametnih) mreza

a) Network security and reliability rules including rules for technical transmission reservecapacity for operational network security;

b) Network connection rules;

c) Third-party access rules;

d) Data exchange and settlement rules;

e) Interoperability rules;

f) Operational procedures in an emergency;

g) Capacity-allocation and congestion-management rules;

h) Rules for trading related to technical and operational provision of network access servicesand system balancing;

i) Transparency rules;

j) Balancing rules including network-related reserve power rules;

k) Rules regarding harmonised transmission tariff structures including locational signals andinter-transmission system operator compensation rules;

l) Energy efficiency regarding electricity networks;


Primjer: Grid Connection Code, Q-V(izvor: 2. ENTSOE Workshop on grid connection requirements for generators, 05. November 2010, www.entsoe.eu)


http://www.entsoe.eu/

Guidelines i Codes – trenutacno stanje

• Grid Connection Guidelines

– Konacna verzija FG 11/2010, formalna predaja EC ( ENTSO-E) 12/2010

• Capacity Allocation & Congestion Management Guidelines

– Javna konzultacija FG 11/2010, preliminarni rezultati u Firenci 12/2010

– Konacna verzija FG 02/2011 ( Target Model)

• System Operation Guidelines

– Diskussija o sadzaju FG sa ERGEG/EC/ENTSO-E zakljucena 11/2010, pismo EC 12/2010

– Verzija za javnu konzultaciju 02/2011

www.energy-regulators.eu, www.entsoe.eu


http://www.energy-regulators.eu/





Sadrzaj






PEGASE:

8.622.027,00 €:15%

REALISEGRID:

2.924.537,00 €:5%

IRENE-40:

3.846.781,00 €:6%

ICOEUR:

1.916.767,00 €:3%

OPENNODE:

2.789.970,00 €:5%

MIRACLE:

2.998.017,00 €:5%OPEN METER:

2.400.232,00 €:4% MERGE:

2.981.372,00 €:5%G4V:

2.543.363,00 €:4%

ECCOFLOW:

2.699.345,00 €:5%

HIPERDNO:

4.380.060,00 €:7%

ADDRESS:

8.999.997,00 €:15%

DLC+VIT4IP:

3.499.997,00 €:6%

INTEGRIS:

3.398.601,00 €:6%

W2E:

2.891.429,00 €:5%

HESCAP:

2.298.764,00 €:4%

DP#3: Integrating large-scaleintermittent generation:2.298.764,00 €

DP#1: Optimizing gridOperation & usage:23.098.099,00 €

DP#6: New Markets, Users, Efficiency2.400.232,00 €

DP#5: Active Distribution Networks21.604.137,00 €

DP#4: Information & Com-munication Technology:9.790.027,00 €

DP#2: Optimizing GridInfrastructure???

* (http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/taskforce_en.htm): “The mission of the Task

Force Smart Grids to advice the Commission on policy and regulatory directions at European level and

to coordinate the first steps towards the implementation of Smart Grids under the provision of the

Third Energy Package.“

Expert Group 3

• “Development of recommendations on the roles and responsibili-ties of all involved actors in the deployment of the Smart Grids

• Definition of criteria and recommendations for funding of Smart Grid deployment

• Identification of any necessary new EU legislation in support of Smart Grids deployment”


EU Commission Task Force for Smart Grids *

Deliverable

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/taskforce_en.htm


Sadrzaj





Kljucni sadrzaji i teme, postavljeni pred znanost i istrazivanjeu energetici, da bi podrzali – i omogucili – razvoj pametnihmreza i elektroenergetskih sustava buducnosti

… pokretaci i izazovi …








korisnika

Sigurnostpogona

Sigurnostopskrbe


Optimizacijaprijenosa 1/2

– Tokovi snaga kao osnovica za optimiranje sigurnosti pogona i trzista u razmjeni prekogranica upravljackih podrucja „pravi“ tokovi snaga Nodal Pricing


cos100/13 max LastFaktorIUowTotalMaxFl

AB

BC

AC

Bilateral NTC

Koordiniertes NTC

Lastflussbasiert

Betriebssicherheitsgrenzen

1.)

– Optimalni tokovi snaga pomocu faznih transformatora

– Redispatch preko granica upravljackog podrucja (Intraday)


Optimizacijaprijenosa2/2

))(,,( redispatchTAPowTotalMaxFlfKapazität3.)

2.) ),( TAPowTotalMaxFlfKapazität

Pogonska koordinacija prijenosa

• Koordinirano distribuirano utvrdivanje stanja u cijelomsinhronom podrucju

• Koordinirani proracun tokova snaga i prognoza

• Dinamicka i stohasticka analiza slucaja/sigurnosti

• Hibridni sustavi za podrsku pri odlucivanju u realnom vremenu


• Visokonaponske mreze > 380-kV tesko zamislive u Europi

• „Overlay“ 163/4 Hz mreza?

CSC HVDC

– 6400 MW

– ±800 kV DC

– 2000 km

VSC HVDC

– 1100 MW

– 350 kV DC

Supergrid


VSC HVDC multi-terminal

VSC izazovi:- DC prekidaci- analiza kvarova- gubici, snaga, DC napon

Aktivne razdjelne mreze


MS NS

Umax

Umin

U

t

Umax

Umin

U

t

Umax

Umin

U

t

- SCADA, utvrdivanje stanja, proracun tokovasnaga, analiza slucaja

- optimizacija virtualnih elektrana i lokalnarazmjena energije

Razdjelne mreze (nastavak)

• Preventive, event-drivenAsset-Risk Management

• Usluge

– Upravljanje vrsnimopterecenjem

– Energetska arbitraza

– Upravljanje naponom ijalovom snagom

…


Stanje postrojenjavs. rizik kvara

Odrzavanje

Previsokirizik

Novo postrojenje

t

Normalnipogon

Intervalodrzavanja

Kvar

Aktivni korisnici (Smart Metering)


Daljinski prikaz

Integracija mikrogeneracije

Lokalna razmjenaenergije

Upravljanje vrsnimopterecenjem

Demand Response

daljnje usluge …Daljinsko upravljanjemreznim prikljuckom

Profili opterecenja

Upravljanje energijom

Hub zaHome Automation

Elektrane

• Snaga kratkog spoja i ispravljaci u razdjelnim mrezama savisokim udjelom distribuirane proizvodnje (bez sinhronihgeneratora)

• Aktivno sudjelovanjevjetroelektrana uprimarnoj i sekundarnoj P-fregulaciji


izvor: UCTE

(danas ENTSO-E

Continental Europe) OH Policy 1, www.entsoe.eu


Spremanje/akumulacija – vodik (?)

• Vjetar elektroliza gorivi clanak (…)


izvor: M. Korpas, E. Stenvik, T. Gjengedal: “Generic Sizing Methodology for remote Wind-Hydrogen Power Systems”, CIGRE Session 2006, C6-126

Spremanje: elektroauti (?)


• Prednosti

– Redukcija emisija, energetskaucinkovitost, upotreba obnovljivihizvora (?)

– Smanjenje razine buke

– Eenrgija izjednacenja (V2G2V) (?)

• Posljedice

– +/- 3500 kWh/elektroauto/godina = dvostruka potrosnja domacinstva

– Mreza: promjenjivost napona, gubici, investicije u transformaciju

– Nova proizvodnja ali i vrsnoopterecenje!

• Sto s baterijama ?!Quelle: e-Connected Abschlussbericht

Arhitektura i simulacija EES

• Raspolozivost: EES vs. ICT

– EES*: 99,996% ~ 35 min/god

– ICT: 99,9% ~ 525 min/god

Razlika = 490 min (8,2 sati) / god ?!

• Poboljsati ICT raspolozivost(ukljucujuci „common cause“ kvarove) – kako?

• Neovisnost EES / ICT


* izvor: E-Control, Ausfalls- und Störungsstatistik 2009, www.e-control.at

izvor: www.smartgrids.eu, Strategic Deployment Document

http://www.e-control.at/





izvor: The Common Information Model for Distribution, EPRI 2008,1016058, www.epri.com

Ovisnosti u razdjelnoj mrezi (primjer)

Arhitektura i simulacija EES (nastavak)


• „Common Information Model“

– ÜN: 100-ne cvorova/grana

– VN: 1000(0)-ca cvorova/grana

Potrebna je standardizacija modela!

ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/doc/expert_group1.pdf

http://www.epri.com/

Sigurnost pogona i prevencija poremecaja

• Hibridni, algoritamski/heuristicki upravljacki sustavi


izvor: www.smartgrids.eu, Strategic Deployment Document


… izazovi i pokretaci …








korisnika

Sigurnostpogona

Sigurnostopskrbe


Pogled u buducnost – sazetak


Pogonska koordinaci-ja prijenosa

Supergrid

Aktivna razdjelnamreza

Aktivnikorisnici

Snaga kr. spoja iispravljaci

Vjetroelektrane usek. regulaciji

Dubokageotermija

Spremanje /akumulacija

EES vs. ICTraspolozivost

Statickastabilnost

Tranzijenti

„CommonInfomodel“

Arhitektura isimulacija

Hibridni upravljac-ki sustavi

Upravljanje kvarovimai prevencija

EES (DN) tolerantniprema kvarovima

Trziste elektricne energije

EU okviri

Ene

rget

ska

eko

no

mik

a

Info

rmat

ika

i te

leko

mu

nik

acij

e

Prijenos i distribucija

Elektrane, spremanje(akumulacija)

Optimizacijaprijenosa


Dr. Tahir KapetanovicDirector Electricity

Energie-Control GmbHAustrian Energy Regulatory AuthorityRudolfsplatz 13aA-1010 Vienna, Austria

[email protected]

Hvala na paznji!

mailto:[email protected]






… na kraju …


What is a SmartGrid?

A SmartGrid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it - generators, consumers and those that do both – in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies.

A SmartGrid employs innovative products and services together with intelligent monitoring, control, communication, and self-healing technologies to:

better facilitate the connection and operation of generators of all sizes and technologies;

allow consumers to play a part in optimizing the operation of the system;

provide consumers with greater information and choice of supply;

significantly reduce the environmental impact of the whole electricity supply system;

deliver enhanced levels of reliability and security of supply.

SmartGrids deployment must include not only technology, market and commercialconsiderations, environmental impact, regulatory framework, standardization usage, ICT(Information & Communication Technology) and migration strategy but also societalrequirements and governmental edicts.

www.smartgrids.eu, SDD


… sto su zaista Smart Grids ?!

CIGRE Zagreb 6422. studeni 2010 CIGRE Zagreb 6422. studeni 2010 CIGRE Zagreb 6422. studeni 2010

www.desertec.com

Intelligentni

Elektroenergetski

sustavi

Ko

op

era

tivn

o

ucen

je

Su

pra

vo

dic

i

vo

dik

, …

Demand

Response

ICT raspolozivost i

pouzdanost u EES

www.smartgrids.eu

Elektroauti

Mikroproizvodnja

Smart Metering

Home Automation

HV-DC

Nord Wind

Dodatak 1: Frekvencija u UCTE

(ENTSO-E Continental Europe)



zurück

2002

2005

2008


Dodatak 2: Sigurnost opskrbe

i upravljanje rizicimau trzistu elektricne energije

Sigurnost opskrbe – sto se promijenilo?


= 0Monopol

Proizvodnja

Prijenos

Distribucija

Potrosnja

+ Trgovina

+ Dobava / Kupci

+ Obracun

+ …

+ Proizvodnja

= 0 = 0= 0

= 0Trziste

Proizvodnja

Prijenos

Distribucija

Potrosnja

zurück

Sigurnost opskrbe – kljucne uloge

CIGRE Zagreb 6922. studeni 2010 IIR Bilanzgruppenmgmt, Wien 69

Rizik = vjerojatnost

da se stvarnost

razlikuje od ocekivanjaAsset Manager

optimira upotrebu

dobra (mreze), kao

osnovicu za

investicijske odluke, sa

ciljem maksimalnog

profita, uz odrzanje

zahtjeva za sigurnost i

kvalitetu

Risk Manager

upravlja tim razlikama

(ali ne i ocekivanjma)

s ciljem minimiranja

njihove vjerojatnosti

Regulator

definira i nadzire

ispunjenje postavljenih

okvira, s ciljem

stabilnosti, kontinuiteta,

odrzivosti i maksimalnog

dobra za sve cinioce I

drustvo u cjelini

zurück


Dodatak 3: EU TF for Smart Grids

Expert Group 3: Roles and Responsibilitiesof Actors in Smart Grids Deployment

EG3 Process


Legalframework

Basic features andFunctions in anyelectriciy grid

Supplementaryfunctions

Emerging functionsand features

Orginators of needs

(beneficiaries)

Fundingoptions

(possibilities)

Benefits / Criteria

SMA

RT

fun

ctio

ns

zurück


Evaluation and maximizing of„smartness“ in gid projects

izvor: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/

smartgrids/doc/expert_group3.pdf

zurück

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/doc/expert_group3.pdf







Dodatak 4: Smart Grids projekti

u okviru EU (FP7)

Smart Grids projekti – EU FP7 - detalji

• HESCAP - New generation, High Energy and power density SuperCAPacitor based energy storage system

– Develop a new generation HESCAP system, capable of storing ten times more energy than the reported State of the Art SC technology, keeping the high power density, long life cycle and total capital cost of currently available supercapacitors

– The expected impact of the HESCAP system will be a drastic reduction of the volume and weight for a given energy rate and a reduction of the cost of the stored kWh

• HIPERDNO - High Performance Computing Technologies for Smart Distribution Network Operation, 02/2010 - 01/2013

– Developing a new generation of distribution network management systems that exploit novel near to real-time HPC solutions with inherent security and intelligent communications

– Cost effective scalable HPC solutions will be developed and initially demonstrated for realistic distribution network data traffic and management scenarios


zurück

Smart Grids projekti – EU FP7– EU FP7 – detalji(nastavak)

• INTEGRIS - INTelligent Electrical Grid Sensor communications, 02/2010 - 07/2012

– Development of a novel and flexible ICT infrastructure based on a hybrid Power Line Communication-wireless integrated communications system, encompassing: monitoring, operation, customer integration, demand side management, voltage control, quality of service control, control of DER and asset management

• DLC+VIT4IP - Distribution Line Carrier: Verification, Integration and Test of PLC Tech. & IP Comm. for Utilities, 01/2010 - 12/2012

– Develop, verify and test a high-speed narrow-band powerline communications infrastructure using the Internet Protocol (IP), capable of supporting existing and new applications


zurück

• ECCOFLOW - Development and field test of an efficient YBCO (Yttrium-Barium-Kup-feroxid) Coated Conductor based Fault Current Limiter, 01/2010 - 12/2013

– Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) based on coated conductor YBCO tape (cc-tape) or HTS tape

– Deal with the increasing incidence and level of fault currents, grid performance, stability & efficiency

– New tool for grid operation, enhance the flexibility for further grid planning


Smart Grids projekti – EU FP7 – EU FP7 – detalji(nastavak)

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http://www.htee.tu-bs.de/forschung/arbeitsgruppen/schaltgeraete.html




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• G4V - Grid for Vehicles - Impact and possibilities of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles European networks 01/2010 - 06/2011

– Analyse the impact of a mass introduction of electric vehicles in detail in order to optimize the grid infrastructure and make use for smart grids and energy efficiency

– An analytical framework to evaluate the impact of a large scale introduction on the grid infrastructure and a visionary roadmap for the year 2020 and beyond

• MERGE - Mobile Energy Resources in Grids of Electricity, 01/2010 - 12/2011

– Identify and prepare solutions for the operational problems that will be caused on the electric grid, to the generation sub-system and to its commercial operation as a result of progressively increasing deployment of EV

– Address comprehensively the impact of EV presence regarding steady state operation, intermittent RES integration, system stability and dynamic behavior, system restoration, regulatory aspects and market arrangements


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• MIRACLE - Micro-Request-Based Aggregation, Forecasting and Scheduling of Energy Demand, Supply and Distribution, 01/2010 - 12/2012

– Develop a conceptual and infrastructural approach that allows energy distribution companies to efficiently manage higher amounts of renewable energy and balance supply and demand

• OPENNODE - Open Architecture for Secondary Nodes of the Electricity SmartGrid, 01/2010 - 06/2012

– R&D of (1) an open secondary substation node (SSN) which is seen as an essential control component of the future smart distribution grid, (2) a Middleware to couple the SSN with the Utilities systems for grid and utility operation and (3) a modular communication architecture based on standardized communication protocols to grant the flexibility required by the stakeholder diversification and to cope with massively distributed embedded systems in the distribution grid



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• W2E - WEB to Energy, 01/2010 - 12/2012

– Develop an open, universally accessible and standardized ICT communication infrastructure

– Consistent, homogeneous and uniform application of globally accepted IEC standards, specifically for Communication protocols (IEC 61850), ICT network security (IEC TS 62351) and Database management using CIM (IEC 61968)

– The W2E project develops the interfaces between all three levels and in this way opens “plug and play” and interoperability capabilities.

– W2E thus provides a seamless approach to standardization from the process level, through the ICT infrastructure up to the control centre level.



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• ICOEUR - Intelligent coordination of operation and emergency control of EU and Russian power grids, 01/2009 - 12/2011

– Wide Area Monitoring, Control and Protection

– Advanced network controllers (FACTS) and HVDC systems

• OPEN METER - Open Public Extended Network metering, 01/2009 - 06/2011

– Specify a comprehensive set of open and public standards for AMI, supporting electricity, gas, water and heat metering

– Enable relevant industries to agree, implement and embrace the new set of international standards specified


Smart Grids projekti – EU FP7– EU FP7 – detalji(natavak)

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• IRENE-40 - Infrastructure Roadmap for Energy Networks in Europe, 09/2008 - 09/2012

– Identify strategies to build a more secure, ecologically sustainable and competitive European electricity system

– The strategies will be presented in a roadmap, i.e. a timeline with actions and a description of development stages towards future electricity networks over the coming 40 years. It will provide investment strategies for the individual stakeholders

• REALISEGRID - REseArch, methodoLogIes and technologieS for the effective development of pan-European key GRID infrastructures to support the achievement of a reliable, competitive and sustainable electricity supply, 09/2008 - 03/2011

– Develop a set of criteria, metrics, methods and tools to assess how the transmission infrastructure should be optimally developed to support the achievement of a reliable, competitive and sustainable electricity supply in the European Union (EU).


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• PEGASE - Pan European Grid Advanced Simulation and state Estimation, 07/2008 - 06/2012

– Define the most appropriate state estimation, optimization and simulation frameworks, their performance and dataflow requirements to achieve an integrated security analysis and control of the European Transmission Networks

• ADDRESS - Active Distribution networks with full integration of Demand and distributed energy RESourceS, 06/2008 - 05/2012

– Develop new innovative architectures for Active Distribution Networks (ADN) able to balance in real time power generation and demand allowing network operators, consumers, retailers and stakeholders to benefit from the increased flexibility of the entire system

– Innovative use of communications, automation and household technologies will be combined with new trading mechanisms and algorithms providing ADN with low cost and reliable solutions.

– A cost/benefit analysis of different solutions will be developed.


Dodatak 5: Izvori i literatura

Izvori i literatura

(1) Panamerican exhibition in Buffalo, USA, 1908, http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/exhibits/panam/sel/electricity.html#cpcc

(2) Satelitski snimci Zemlje, http://www.nightskynation.com/pics/earth-at-night.jpg

(3) Strategic Deployment Document of the EU Technology Platform Smart Grids, http://www.smartgrids.eu/documents/SmartGrids_SDD_FINAL_APRIL2010.pdf

(4) Instalirana snaga i energija vjetroelektrana u EU 2010-2030, www.ewea.org

(5) Instalirana snaga i proizvodnja u EU 2010-2030, Eurelectric, http://www2.eurelectric.org/content/default.asp?PageID=947

(6) T. Kapetanovic et al: „Provision of Ancillary Services by Dispersed Generation and Demand Side Response - Needs, Barriers and Solutions”, CIGRE 2008 Artikel, C6-107

(7) Uredba o trzistu elektricne energije 20009/72/EG, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32009L0072:EN:NOT

Technische Universität Wien 84

http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/exhibits/panam/sel/electricity.html






http://www.smartgrids.eu/documents/SmartGrids_SDD_FINAL_APRIL2010.pdf

http://www.ewea.org/

http://www2.eurelectric.org/content/default.asp?PageID=947

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32009L0072:EN:NOT



(8) Uredba o energetskoj ucinkovitosti 2006/32/EG, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/ LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:114:0064:0085:DE:PDF

(9) Austrijski zakon o trzistu el. energije ElWOG, http://www.e-control.at/portal/pls/ portal/portal.kb_folderitems_xml.redirectToItem?pMasterthingId=53367

(10) T. Kapetanovic: „Entwicklung eins hybriden wissensbasierten Systems für die Sicherheitsüberwachung elektrischer Energieversorgungssysteme“, disertacija, Institut für elektrische Anlagen, TU Wien, travanj 1997

(11) UCTE Frequency Report 2009, https://www.entsoe.eu/fileadmin/user_upload_library/publications/ce/otherreports/090330_UCTE_FrequencyInvestigationReport_Abstract.pdf

(12) CEER Security of Supply Report 2004, http://www.energyregulators.eu/ portal/page/portal/EER_HOME/EER_PUBLICATIONS/CEER_ERGEG_PAPERS/Electricity/2004/CEER_SECURITYELECTRICITYUPPLYREPORT2004_09-04.PDF


Izvori i literatura (nastavak)

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:114:0064:0085:DE:PDF





http://www.e-control.at/portal/pls/portal/portal.kb_folderitems_xml.redirectToItem?pMasterthingId=53367







https://www.entsoe.eu/fileadmin/user_upload_library/publications/ce/otherreports/090330_UCTE_FrequencyInvestigationReport_Abstract.pdf

https://www.entsoe.eu/fileadmin/user_upload_library/publications/ce/otherreports/090330_UCTE_FrequencyInvestigationReport_Abstract.pdf

http://www.energyregulators.eu/portal/page/portal/

http://www.energyregulators.eu/portal/page/portal/






(13)Regulacija (EG) 714/2009, http://www.e-control.at/portal/pls/portal/ portal.kb_folderitems_xml.redirectToItem?pMasterthingId=237406

(14) 2. ENTSOE Workshop on grid connection requirements for generators, 05. studeni2010, www.entsoe.eu

(15) Smart Grids projekti u okviru EU FP7, http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/eu/projects/index_en.cfm#results

(16) Smart Grids in Österreich, www.bmvit.gv.at

(17) EU Kommission Task Force for Smart Grids, http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/taskforce_en.htm

(18) www.desertec.org








http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/eu/projects/index_en.cfm

http://www.bmvit.gv.at/

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/taskforce_en.htm

http://www.desertec.org/

http://www.desertec.org/


(19)UCTE (sada ENTSO-E Kontinentaleuropa) Operation Handbook Policy 1, www.entsoe.eu

(20) M. Korpas, E. Stenvik, T. Gjengedal: „Generic Sizing Methodology for remote Wind-Hydrogen Power Systems“, CIGRE Session 2006, Artikel C6-112

(21) Rotating masses storage, product information, Beacon Power, July 2010

(22) e-Connected Abschlussbericht, www.bmvit.gv.at

(23) Prospects for Large-Scale energy Storage in Decarbonized Power Grids, IEA 2009, www.iea.org

(24) Electrical Storage Association, www.electricitystorage.org

(25) European Wind Integration Study EWIS, www.entsoe.eu

(26) The Common Information Model for Distribution, EPRI 2008, 101058, www.epri.com



http://www.bmvit.gv.at/

http://www.iea.org/

http://www.electricitystorage.org/


http://www.epri.com/

Documents

Smart Grids i Treci energetski paket: izazovi i mogucnosti ... Kapetanovic.pdf · •Kruzni tokovi - kako: fizika + vjetar/sunce + trziste 22. studeni 2010 CIGRE Zagreb 11 •Promjenjljivost