Metodologija NIR-a - drugi dio · osnove i praktični aspekti • Definiranje ciljeva rada, postavljenje teze (teza) • Pregled literature – trenutno stanje istraživanja koje

3/10/2008

Metodologija NIR-a- drugi dio -

Prof. dr. Nijaz Bajgorić[email protected]

www.efsa.unsa.ba/~nijaz.bajgoric

3/10/2008

Naučni radovi i publikacije; struktuiranje magistarskog rada

(master teze)

3/10/200810/6/2011 Prof. dr. N. Bajgorić, Ekonomski fakultet u Sarajevu

3

Karakteristični problemi prilikom strukturiranja istraživanja/magistarskog rada:• Nedovoljna znanja u smislu naučno-istraživačkih metoda, tehnika

i metodologija • Nepripremljenost u pogledu research metodologije • Pogrešno shvatanje – poistovjećivanje naučnog i stručnog rada • Nedovoljno poznavanje naučnih paradigmi, kvantitativnih i

kvalitatitivnih metoda, tehnika i metodologija • Pogrešne percepcije u smislu šta je to istraživanje i istraživački

rad• Problemi kod definisanja teza, predmeta, cilja, istraživanja • Neadekvatan pregled dostignutog razvoja istraživanja u

odnosnom području • Nepoznavanje savremenih načina korištenja naučnih izvora • Nedovoljna informatička pismenost u smislu korištenja

savremenih softverskih tehnika i alata • Nedovoljna naučno-istraživačka podloga mentora


4

Vrste naučnih djela – kratki pregled

• Naučna knjiga • Monografija • Doktorska disertacija (teza)• Magistarska teza • Naučna studija • Naučni rad (članak/paper/article)• Research report• Book review


5

Vrste naučnih radova – članaka (scientific papers)

• Članak u naučnom časopisu (Journal Paper)

• Članak u editovanoj knjizi (Book Chapter)• Članak prezentiran na conf., publiciran u

zborniku sa konferencije (Conference Proceedings)

• Research report • Technical report


6

Vrste naučnih radova (obično u zbornicima radova)

• Izvorni naučni rad• Prethodno saopštenje• Pregledni članak• Stručni rad• Prikaz


7

Kategorije stručnih radova

• Stručni članak• Prikaz • Elaborat • Stručna ekspertiza • Recenzija


8

Ostale kategorije publikacija raspoloživih na Internetu

• Cases • White papers • Success stories • Horror stories• Webcasts/Webinars• Manuals/user’s guides • Technical reports


9

Knjiga kao naučno ili naučno-stručno djelo

• Udžbenik (Coursebook, Textbook)• Monografija • Enciklopedija • Leksikon • Praktikum • Rječnik • Zbornik radova• Bibliografija


10

Knjiga - Enciklopedija


11

Knjiga: monografija i udžbenik


12

Autorska knjiga


13

Edited Book (zbirka naučnih članaka)


14

Kategorije naučnog rada(scientific paper):

• Research paper • Viewpoint • Technical paper • Conceptual paper • Case study • Literature review • General review


15

Primjer naučnog rada (scientific paper):


16

Osnovni metodološki okvir naučno-istraživačkog rada

• Cilj rada • Metodološki okvir/pristup (kvantitativna,

kvalitativna metodologija, itd.)• Očekivani rezultati istraživanja • Ograničenja u istraživanju • Praktične implikacije • Originalnost• Dobiveni rezultati istraživanja• Pravci daljnjih istraživanja


17

Struktuiranje magistarskog/doktorskog rada• Uvod (Introduction)• Definiranje problema – problemskog područja

(Problem definition, Problem statement), teorijske osnove i praktični aspekti

• Definiranje ciljeva rada, postavljenje teze (teza) • Pregled literature – trenutno stanje istraživanja

koje se odnosi na definirano problemsko područje (Review of the Literature): navesti šta su drugi autori radili i dokle su došli u rješavanju odnosnog ili sličnih problema (Previous studies of similar peoblems).

• Metodologija koja će se koristiti (Methodology) • Rezultati istraživanja (results) • Zaključna razmatranja i preporuke za dalji rad

(Conclusions and Recommendations)


18

Literature Review

• Odnosi se na problemsko područje kojim se rad bavi

• Ne ograničiti se samo na uski (napr. lokalni, državni okvir) u pogledu relevantnih istraživanja

• Neophodno je sagledati sve relevantne i najnovije izvore (posljednjih 5-6 godina)

• Naglasak je na korištenju naučnih radova objavljenih i naučnim časopisima; manje na klasičnim knjigama

• Značaj tzv. e-sources (online baze, online časopisi, e-books, itd.)


19

Master vs. PhD Thesis

• There are different expectations for Master's theses and for Doctoral theses. This difference is not in format but in the significance and level of discovery as evidenced by the problem to be solved and the summary of contributions; a Doctoral thesis necessarily requires a more difficult problem to be solved, and consequently more substantial contributions.

• The contribution to knowledge of a Master's thesis can be in the nature of an incremental improvement in an area of knowledge, or the application of known techniques in a new area. The Ph.D. must be a substantial and innovative contribution to knowledge.


20

Postavljanje teze i/ili research question-a: primjer 1

Naprimjer, u raduLouis Raymond, Francois Bergeron, Enabling the business strategy of

SMEs through e-business Capabilities: A strategic alignment perspective, in: Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 108 No. 5,

2008, pp. 577-595

Is the strategic alignment of their e-business activities as critical? Does this alignment allow manufacturing SMEs to perform better in terms of

growth, productivity, and profitability? Since IT alignment with business strategy has been shown to significantly contribute to the business

performance of SMEs (Chan and Horner Reich, 2007a), the alignment of e-business activities on business strategy should also be of the utmost

importance for these organizations.


21

The research question and hypothesis:

• RQ. Can SMEs enhance their performance by aligning their e-business activities with their business strategy?

• H1. Greater alignment of e-business capabilities with business strategy is associated to greater performance.


22


Namchul Shin, The impact of information technology on thefinancial performance of diversified firms, objavljeno u: Decision Support Systems 41 (2006) 698– 707

• H1. There is a positive relationship between gross margin and the interaction term of IT and strategic direction.

• H2. There is a positive relationship between ROA and the interaction term of IT and strategic direction.

• H3. There is a positive relationship between ROE and the interaction term of IT and strategic direction.


23


Tom R. Eikebrokk, Dag H. Olsen , An empirical investigation of competency factors affecting e-business success in European SMEs, objavljeno u Information & Management 44 (2007), pp. 364–383

There is general consensus that knowledge and competency are necessary in developing an IT capability, but there is very little understanding of what the necessarycompetencies are, and how they influence IS usage in different contexts. The small andmedium-sized enterprise context is particularly interesting for two reasons: it constitutes amajor part of the economy and it has been relatively unsuccessful in exploiting e-business.

We explored the relationship between e-business competency and its success in European SMEs. A literature review was used to determine factors representing e-business competency, and develop hypotheses, which were tested using data collectedfrom 339 SMEs in Europe. Our results provide evidence on the importance of certain e-business competencies on e-business success, and have implications for both research and practice in the field of SMEs.


24

Hipoteze:

• H1a–d. Competency in e-business strategy is positivelyassociated with e-business success in terms of (a)efficiency, (b) complementarities, (c) lock-in and (d)novelty.

• H2a–d. Competency in e-business strategic planning ispositively associated with e-business success in terms of(a) efficiency, (b) complementarities, (c) lock-in and (d)novelty.

Itd.


25

Rezultati statističke analize:


26


27


28

Primjer vodiča za master tezu

www.rsm.nl

RSM je jedna od 10 vodećih škola u Evropi (prema FT). Ima trostruku akreditaciju: EQUIS, AACSB, AMBA


29


30


31


32


33


34


35


36


37


38

Primjer sadržaja teze (doktorske ili magistarske)


39


40


41

3/10/2008

Korištenje literature

Citiranje, navodjenje izvora, references styles, plagiarism, itd.


43

What is a Citation?

• When you bring research (quotations, paraphrases, facts, statistics, etc.) into your paper, you must give credit to the source and its author(s).

• Giving credit to a source is also called citing a source.

• You do this with in-text or parenthetical citations. They are called parenthetical citations because the bibliographic information goes inside parentheses.

Izvor: http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest7014-124422-research-paper-others-misc-ppt-powerpoint/


44

What to Cite

• Quotations: Someone else’s exact words, enclosed in quotation marks.

• The ideas, opinions, and theories of someone else—even if you restate them in your own words in a paraphrase or summary.

• Facts and statistics - unless they are common knowledge and are accessible in many sources.


45

Quoting

• When you quote, you borrow an author’s exact words.

• Use a quotation when…

– the wording is so memorable or expresses a point so well that you cannot improve or shorten it without weakening it;

– when the author is a respected authority whose opinion supports your own ideas;

– when an author challenges or disagrees profoundly with others in the field.


46

Paraphrasing

• Paraphrasing is putting material (including major and minor points) into your own words and sentence structure.

• You can paraphrase a theory, an idea, the results of a study, or a passage in an original source, as long as you use your own words to describe it.

• A paraphrase is often the same length as the original, but it is in your own words.


47

Example of a Paraphrase

• Original Text (from James C. Stalker, “Official English or English Only”)

“ We cannot legislate the language of the home, the street, the bar, the club, unless we are willing to set up a cadre of language police who will ticket and arrest us if we speak something other than English” (21).

• ParaphraseStalker points out that in a democracy like the United States, it is not feasible to have laws against the use of a language and it certainly would not be possible to make police enforce such laws in homes and public places (21).

Example taken from Pocket Keys for Writersby Ann Raimes


48

What is Plagiarism?

• It is fine to bring the words and ideas of other writers into your paper.

• However, when you do so, you must acknowledge your debt to the writers of these sources.

• If not, you are guilty of plagiarism, a serious academic offense.


49

Avoiding Plagiarism

• In order to avoid plagiarism, be sure that you not only give credit where credit is due, but that you follow the appropriate formats, often either MLA (Modern Languages Association) or APA (American Psychological Association) styles of documentation.

• There are also several good publications available with which students should be familiar. They will be mentioned later in this presentation.


50

Creating a “References” Page

• A “References” page contains the full bibliographic information to which you have been referring in the body of your paper.

• The “References” page is…

• the last page of your paper

• double-spaced

• alphabetized


51

Reference

Bekerian, D. A. (1993). In search of the typical eyewitness. American

Psychologist, 48, 674-576.

Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L.

A. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor

performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449.

Retrieved October 23, 2000, from PsycARTICLES database.

Fox, R. W., & Lears, T. J. J. (Eds.). (1993). The power of culture:

Critical essays in American history. Chicago: University of

Chicago Press.

Greater New Milford (Ct) Area Healthy Community 2000. Task Force

on Teen and Adolescent Issues. (n.d.) Who has time for a family

meal? You do! Retrieved October 5, 2000, from http//:www.family

mealtime.org

journal article five authorsfrom adatabase

book witheditors

journal article one author

online documentprivate organizationno date


52

MLA - style of referencing

• If you are writing a research paper in English, foreign languages, or other humanities classes, use MLA-style documentation.

• MLA stands for the Modern Language Association.

• The MLA publishes the MLA Handbook for Writing Research Papers. This book contains all of the rules that govern MLA-style documentation.


53

• While this presentation attempts to give a brief introduction to MLA, it cannot cover all aspects of it.

• If you still have questions, it is best to consult the MLA Handbook for Writers, which is available in the Academic Support Center, or any of the English handbooks mentioned in this presentation.

• You can also visit MLA’s web site at http://www.mla.org/. Click on MLA-Style.


54

APAAPA--Style Style Referencing Referencing http://www.apastyle.org

• What is APA?• How To Integrate Research Into the

Body of Your Paper• How to Create a “References” Page


55

What is APA?

• If you are writing a paper for the sciences or social sciences, follow APA-style documentation.

• APA stands for the American Psychological Association. This organization publishes the The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, which offers complete guidelines for manuscript style and citation in APA.


56

• APA Style calls for a list of references instead of a bibliography

• In general, the list of references is double-spaced and listed alphabetically by first author's last name.

• Fine, M. A., & Kurdek, L. A. (1993). Reflections on determining authorship credit and authorship order on faculty-student collaborations. American Psychologist, 48, 1141–1147

• http://www.apastyle.org/faqs.html

Documents

Metodologija NIR-a - drugi dio · osnove i praktični aspekti • Definiranje ciljeva rada, postavljenje teze (teza) • Pregled literature – trenutno stanje istraživanja koje