interaksi antara tamadun.ppt

7/29/2019 interaksi antara tamadun.ppt

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BAB 2:

INTERAKSI ANTARA

TAMADUN


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Tamadun perlu sentiasa berinteraksidan berhubung dengan tamadun lain

untuk menjamin perkembangan dan

kemajuannya demi kelangsungan

tamadun manusia itu sendiri.

Interaksi boleh membawa kebaikan dan

kadangkala membawa bencana.

Penyerapan ilmu saintifik daripada

Islam oleh tamadun Barat moden


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PROSES INTERAKSI

Proses interaksi bermula sejak nabi Adam lagi.

Interaksi antara tamadun bermaksud hubungan,

pertemuan, komunikasi dan sebagainya antara

individu, kelompok, masyarakat dan seterusnya

negara.Proses interaksi ini mengambil masa yang agak

panjang kerana tamadun itu melampaui masa dan

tempat

Contohnya tamadun Melayu dapat dikesan melaluiaspek material seperti bangunan, tembikar, agama,

bahasa, pakaian, makanan, gaya hidup dll.


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JENIS-JENIS INTERAKSI

Terdapat beberapa jenis interaksi antaratamadun iaitu:

1) Interaksi fizikal

2) Interaksi teologi atau agama3) Interaksi sains dan teknologi

4) Interaksi budaya


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INTERAKSI FIZIKAL

Iaitu kewujudan bangsa daripada tamadunasing mendiami sesebuah tamadun.

Berlaku sepanjang sejarah manusia.

Contohnya masyarakat di India Barat yang

terdiri daripada pelbagai bangsa seperti Cina

dan Eropah serta di Mohenjodaro dan

Harappa.

Kedatangan orang Arab ke alam MelayuTerdapat penempatan orang Arab di timur

dan barat Sumatera.


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INTERAKSI TEOLOGI ATAU AGAMA

Merupakan sistem yang tertutup

Contoh : agama Shinto di Jepun telah

menyerap agama Buddha dari segi moral dan

etika. Menambahkan aspek yang tiada dalamagama Shinto.

Contoh: agama Hinduisme dan Buddhisme.

Buddhisme wujud daripada Hinduisme.

Terdapat konsep moksha, karma dll.


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INTERAKSI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI

Penyebaran empat ciptaan agung Cina keseluruh dunia.

Tiga ciptaan agung Cina yang penting iaitu

kompas, bahan letupan dan percetakan

diperkenalkan ke dunia Arab dan Eropah.

Antara Jepun dan Barat contohnya Komodor

Perry telah menghadiahkan satu model

keretapi, alat telegraf, kapal wap dan alat-alatkelengkapan tentera kepada Maharaja Jepun

pada 1880-an.


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INTERAKSI BUDAYA

Aspek yang paling jelas dan dapat dilihat oleh

semua tamadun yang meliputi aspek

kehidupan seperti makanan, pakaian, seni

bina, seni ukir, muzik dan sebagainya.Contohnya ialah proses amalgamasi

(penyatuan) atau perkahwinan campur,

proses akulturasi (pembudayaan) iaitu proses

pertembungan yang membawa prosespeminjaman unsur budaya di antara

tamadun.


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FAKTOR YANG MEMBAWA INTERAKSI

Antaranya ialah :

1) Geografi

2) Perdagangan

3) Kepimpinan

4) Agama dan budaya

5) Pengalaman sejarah


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1) GEOGRAFI

Kedudukan yang strategik iaitu jalanperdagangan antara timur dan barat sepertidi Asia Tenggara.

Asia Tenggara pernah dipengaruhi oleh

Buddhisme kemudian Hinduisme danseterusnya ajaran agama Islam. Contohnyadi Srivijaya.

Faktor ini mewujudkan interaksi dua budaya

yang berbeza yang melahirkan budaya yangistimewa. Contohnya di India iaitu IndiaSelatan (Dravidia) dan India Utara (Indo-

Arya).


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2) PERDAGANGAN

Kepesatan perdagangan berkaitan dengan

kepentingan ekonomiContohnya kerajaan Melaka sebagai pusatperdagangan yang berkunjung ke situ adalahpedagang daripada Timur dan Barat.

Interaksi antara China dengan Asia Barat danEropah agak perlahan. Jalan yangmenghubungkan China dengan kawasan

Asia Timur, Asia Barat dan Eropah dikenali

sebagai Jalan Sutera Lama, manakala jalanlaut yang menghubungkan China dengankawasan Asia Tenggara, India dan Afrikadikenali sebagai jalan Sutera Maritim.


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3) KEPIMPINAN

Kepimpinan Rasulullah s.a.w di Madinah.

Penerimaan kaum Aus dan Khazraj terhadap kaumMuhajirin. Berlakunya interaksi antara kaum Yahudi

dan Kristian. Perlembagaan Madinah digubal dan

Rasulullah s.a.w memberi perlindungan kepada

orang Islam dan bukan IslamPeristiwa keruntuhan Kesyogunan Tokugawa dan

pemulihan Meiji pada 1868. Maharaja Meiji dan

pemimpin2 berazam menjadikan Jepun sebuah

negara yang kaya,kuat dari segi ketenteraan dan

permodenan dari segi ekonomi, politik dan sosial

menurut garis panduan barat.


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4) AGAMA DAN BUDAYA

Agama ada yang terbuka dan tertutup.

Agama yang terbuka ialah Islam, contohnya

di Andalusia yang dapat mengekalkan kuasa

sehingga 700 tahun. Masyarakat yang terdiridaripada Yahudi dan Kristian. Agama Buddha

dan Hindu antara China dan India di mana

penterjemahan kitab2 Buddhisme daripada

bahasa Sanskrit atau Pali ke bahasa Cina.Perkembangan unsur-unsur budaya seperti

kesenian (muzik)


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5) PENGALAMAN SEJARAH

Sikap isolasi dipengaruhi pengalaman sejarah sepertipencerobohan, eksploitasi ekonomi, perubahan

pemikiran dan sebagainya. Tamadun Cina dan Jepun

pernah mengambil dasar tutup pintu terhadap Barat

sehingga menggugat kestabilan pemerintahan

Maharaja di China dan Keshogunan di Jepun. China

120 tahun (dasar tutup pintu) yang menyebabkan

kemunduran.

Dasar buka pintu bermula pada akhir kurun ke-19.

Pengenalan Gerakan Kebudayaan Baru (golongan

intelektual menerima pendidikan sama ada di Jepun,

Eropah atau Amerika Syarikat. Perubahan berlaku

dari segi ekonomi,politik dan sosial.


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INTERAKSI POSITIF DAN NEGATIF

Interaksi positifHinduisme dan Buddhisme

Yahudi dan Islam dengan Kristian

Muslim dan Buddhisme di Asia

tenggara

Muslim dan Hindu di India

Islam dan Konfusianisme


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Interaksi negatif

Hubungan antara Kristian dan Yahudi

Islam dan yahudi

Kesan-kesan yang positif hasil

interaksi

antara antara tamadun:

a)Pemerintahan yang adil

b)Golongan beragama mewujudkansuasana harmoni


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PERSAMAAN DAN PERBEZAAAN

ANTARA TAMADUN

Nilai-nilai universal antara tamadun ada tujuhpersoalan iaitu:

Alam sekitar

KeluargaKomuniti

Kerajaan

Kegiatan ekonomi

Pendidikan

Kesihatan


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CONTOH-CONTOH INTERAKSI

ANTARA TAMADUN

1) Interaksi Tamadun Islam dengan TamadunMelayu.

2) Interaksi Tamadun Melayu dengan

Tamadun India.

3) Interaksi Tamadun Melayu dengan

Tamadun Cina.


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1) INTERAKSI TAMADUN ISLAM

DENGAN TAMADUN MELAYU

Bermula sejak abad pertama Hijrah (abad ke-7M) iaitu perkembangan agama Islamberlaku ke rantau Melayu.

Teori kedatangan Islam melalui Tanah arab,India dan China.

Islam berkembang melalui perdagangan di diAsia Tenggara seperti di Pantai Timur Tanah

Melayu iaitu Terengganu dan Patani.Kesan perubahan akidah daripada agamaHindu-Buddha kepada Islam yangmentauhidkan Allah s.w.t.


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INTERAKSI TAMADUN MELAYU

DENGAN TAMADUN INDIA

Bermula sejak zaman sebelum masihi lagi.Perdagangan di antara India ke sekitar AsiaTenggara.

Membawa unsur-unsur budaya dan tradisiIndia ke alam Melayu.

Pengaruh budaya India ke atas bahasa dankesusasteraan Melayu. Peminjaman daripada

bahasa Sanskrit dan Tamil. Contohnyaperkataan bhumi kepada bumi dll.

Contoh lain Hikayat Seri Rama, HikayatPendawa Lima


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TAJ MAHAL
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0S0205GUlRKQmYB5WWJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBxZWd1bWdtBHBvcwM0BHNlYwNzcgR2dGlkA0kxMTFfMTMy/SIG=1hkalgobk/EXP=1247126470/**http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Dtamadun%252Bindia%2526ei%253Dutf-8%2526fr%253Dyfp-t-501-s%2526fr2%253Dsg-gac%26w=500%26h=335%26imgurl=static.flickr.com%252F3200%252F2836569928_0babe79966.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.flickr.com%252Fphotos%252Fadnil9%252F2836569928%252F%26size=114k%26name=Taman%2BTamadun%2BIs...%26p=tamadun%2Bindia%26oid=94920b4d51e86616%26fr2=sg-gac%26fusr=adnil9%26no=4%26tt=7%26sigr=11f0n95o6%26sigi=11g94i7do%26sigb=12v55svcj


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INTERAKSI TAMADUN MELAYU

DENGAN TAMADUN CINA

Berlaku sejak kerajaan Funan pada abad ke-3 M. interaksi berlaku secara aman iaitumelalui misi diplomatik, migrasi danperdagangan.

Kemuncaknya di zaman kesultanan Melaka(1400-1511)

Kesan interaksi ialah pengenalan sutera,porselin, tembikar dan makanan sepertitaugeh, tauhu, kicap dll. Pengenalan teknikpembinaan, pertanian yang lebih baikdaripada tamadun Cina. Pengenalan sainsdan teknologi.


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Mosque Xian China
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0S020u5U1RKAjUAqnOJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBxMmRxb2dzBHBvcwMyBHNlYwNzcgR2dGlkA0kxMTFfMTMy/SIG=1hn3km8eq/EXP=1247126841/**http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Dtamadun%252BChina%2526ei%253Dutf-8%2526y%253DSearch%2526fr%253Dyfp-t-501-s%26w=381%26h=500%26imgurl=static.flickr.com%252F3224%252F2600669824_aae55df821.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.flickr.com%252Fphotos%252Fxfresh_boyz%252F2600669824%252F%26size=202k%26name=Xian%2BMosque%2BXian...%26p=tamadun%2BChina%26oid=a36f68580e1654ee%26fr2=%26fusr=xfresh_boyz%26no=2%26tt=11%26sigr=11k8m5008%26sigi=11g1fc9jl%26sigb=12tc51vk5


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KESIMPULAN

Interaksi antara tamadun menghasilkan duakesan iaitu positif dan negatif.

Kesan yang positif memajukan sesebuahtamadun.

Kesan yang negatif mewujudkan konflik dankemusnahan.

Interaksi antara tamadun menyumbangkepada kelangsungan kecemerlangansesebuah tamadun


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http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0S020oyVVRK0usA_YSJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBzZjVyOHVnBHBvcwMyNTgEc2VjA3NyBHZ0aWQDSTExMV8xMzI-/SIG=1k4jli7gs/EXP=1247127218/**http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Dbudaya%252Bmalaysia%2526b%253D241%2526ni%253D20%2526ei%253Dutf-8%2526pstart%253D1%2526fr%253Dyfp-t-501-s%2526fr2%253Dsg-gac%26w=332%26h=500%26imgurl=static.flickr.com%252F3140%252F2869180205_33eb5b4bdb.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.flickr.com%252Fphotos%252F2121studio%252F2869180205%252F%26size=141k%26name=The%2BTraveller%2BI%2B...%26p=budaya%2Bmalaysia%26oid=7f8da7a2d261ad08%26fr2=sg-gac%26fusr=2121studio%26no=258%26tt=9455%26b=241%26ni=20%26sigr=11jjosa5t%26sigi=11gb8jgf7%26sigb=13m4nep4rhttp://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0S020oyVVRK0usA_YSJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBzZjVyOHVnBHBvcwMyNTgEc2VjA3NyBHZ0aWQDSTExMV8xMzI-/SIG=1k4jli7gs/EXP=1247127218/**http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Dbudaya%252Bmalaysia%2526b%253D241%2526ni%253D20%2526ei%253Dutf-8%2526pstart%253D1%2526fr%253Dyfp-t-501-s%2526fr2%253Dsg-gac%26w=332%26h=500%26imgurl=static.flickr.com%252F3140%252F2869180205_33eb5b4bdb.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.flickr.com%252Fphotos%252F2121studio%252F2869180205%252F%26size=141k%26name=The%2BTraveller%2BI%2B...%26p=budaya%2Bmalaysia%26oid=7f8da7a2d261ad08%26fr2=sg-gac%26fusr=2121studio%26no=258%26tt=9455%26b=241%26ni=20%26sigr=11jjosa5t%26sigi=11gb8jgf7%26sigb=13m4nep4r


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http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0S020oyVVRK0usA.4SJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBzZDB2YmlsBHBvcwMyNTcEc2VjA3NyBHZ0aWQDSTExMV8xMzI-/SIG=1k273s5pn/EXP=1247127218/**http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Dbudaya%252Bmalaysia%2526b%253D241%2526ni%253D20%2526ei%253Dutf-8%2526pstart%253D1%2526fr%253Dyfp-t-501-s%2526fr2%253Dsg-gac%26w=333%26h=500%26imgurl=static.flickr.com%252F3292%252F2866144789_6b1340908a.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.flickr.com%252Fphotos%252F2121studio%252F2866144789%252F%26size=163k%26name=Sunset%2BSemporna%2B...%26p=budaya%2Bmalaysia%26oid=51b436148ae50576%26fr2=sg-gac%26fusr=2121studio%26no=257%26tt=9455%26b=241%26ni=20%26sigr=11jdo10lj%26sigi=11ghmn37t%26sigb=13m4nep4rhttp://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0S020oyVVRK0usA.4SJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBzZDB2YmlsBHBvcwMyNTcEc2VjA3NyBHZ0aWQDSTExMV8xMzI-/SIG=1k273s5pn/EXP=1247127218/**http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Dbudaya%252Bmalaysia%2526b%253D241%2526ni%253D20%2526ei%253Dutf-8%2526pstart%253D1%2526fr%253Dyfp-t-501-s%2526fr2%253Dsg-gac%26w=333%26h=500%26imgurl=static.flickr.com%252F3292%252F2866144789_6b1340908a.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.flickr.com%252Fphotos%252F2121studio%252F2866144789%252F%26size=163k%26name=Sunset%2BSemporna%2B...%26p=budaya%2Bmalaysia%26oid=51b436148ae50576%26fr2=sg-gac%26fusr=2121studio%26no=257%26tt=9455%26b=241%26ni=20%26sigr=11jdo10lj%26sigi=11ghmn37t%26sigb=13m4nep4r


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Documents

interaksi antara tamadun.ppt