KATA PENGANTAR

DAFTAR ISIHalaman JuduliKata Pengantarii

Lembar PengesahaniiiDaftar Isi ivPERCOBAAN 1: PENGENALAN ALAT LABORATORIUMBAB 1 PENDAHULUAN11.1 Latar Belakang11.2 Tujuan2BAB 2 PEMBAHASAN32.1 Tabel Pengenalan Alat3BAB 3 PENUTUP83.1 Kesimpulan83.2 Saran8PERCOBAAN 2: PEMISAHAN DAN PEMURNIANBAB 1 PENDAHULUAN91.1 Latar Belakang91.2 Tujuan Percobaan10BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA11BAB 3 METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN163.1 Alat dan Bahan163.1.1 Alat163.1.2 Bahan163.2 Prosedur Percobaan173.2.1 Prosedur Dekantasi.173.2.2 Prosedur Filtrasi.173.2.3 Prosedur Rekristalisasi.......................................................................... 17

3.2.4 Prosedur Sublimasi................................................................................ 18

3.2.5 Prosedur Ekstraksi................................................................................. 18BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN194.1 Hasil Pengamatan194.1.1 Tabel Hasil Pengamatan194.2 Pembahasan 22BAB 5 PENUTUP285.1 Kesimpulan285.2 Saran29DAFTAR PUSTAKAPERCOBAAN 3: PEMBUATAN LARUTANBAB 1 PENDAHULUAN301.1 Latar Belakang301.2 Tujuan Percobaan31BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA32BAB 3 METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN363.1 Alat dan Bahan363.1.1 Alat363.1.2 Bahan363.2 Prosedur Percobaan363.2.1Pengaruh Konsentrasi terhadap Laju Reaksi .363.2.2 Pengaruh Suhu terhadap Laju Reaksi.37BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN384.1 Hasil Pengamatan384.1.1 Tabel Hasil Pengamatan384.2 Reaksi384.2.1 Pembuatan Larutan dengan Bahan Zat Padat384.2.2 Pembuatan Larutan dengan Bahan Zat Cair384.3 Perhitungan384.3.1 Larutan NaCl384.3.2 Larutan H2SO4394.4 Pembahasan 41BAB 5 PENUTUP445.1 Kesimpulan445.2 Saran44DAFTAR PUSTAKA

PERCOBAAN 4: KROMATOGRAFIBAB 1 PENDAHULUAN461.1 Latar Belakang461.2 Tujuan Percobaan47BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA48BAB 3 METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN513.1 Alat dan Bahan513.1.1 Alat513.1.2 Bahan513.2 Prosedur Percobaan513.2.1 Pelarut Aquadest.513.2.2 Pelarut Alkohol.523.2.3 Pelarut N-Heksana................................................................................. 53BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN544.1 Hasil Pengamatan544.1.1 Tabel Hasil Pengamatan544.2 Perhitungan544.2.1 Aquadest544.2.2 Alkohol554.2.3 N-Heksana564.4 Pembahasan 56BAB 5 PENUTUP635.1 Kesimpulan635.2 Saran64DAFTAR PUSTAKA

PERCOBAAN 5: STOIKIOMETRIBAB 1 PENDAHULUAN661.1 Latar Belakang661.2 Tujuan Percobaan66BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA68BAB 3 METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN713.1 Alat dan Bahan713.1.1 Alat713.1.2 Bahan713.2 Prosedur Percobaan713.2.1 Stoikiometri Sistem NaOH - HCl.713.2.2 Stoikiometri Sistem NaOH H2SO4.72BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN734.1 Hasil Pengamatan734.1.1 Tabel Hasil Pengamatan734.1.2 Tabel Hasil Pengamatan........................................................................ 734.2 Reaksi yang Dihasilkan734.2.1 Stoikiometri Sistem NaOH - HCl.734.2.2 Stoikiometri Sistem NaOH H2SO4.73

4.3 Perhitungan744.3.1 Stoikiometri Sistem NaOH - HCl.764.3.2 Stoikiometri Sistem NaOH H2SO4.774.4 Grafik784.4.1Sistem NaOH - HCl.784.4.2 Sistem NaOH H2SO4.78

4.5 Pembahasan.............................................................................................. 79BAB 5 PENUTUP825.1 Kesimpulan825.2 Saran82DAFTAR PUSTAKA

PERCOBAAN 6: LAJU REAKSIBAB 1 PENDAHULUAN841.1 Latar Belakang841.2 Tujuan Percobaan84BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA85BAB 3 METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN913.1 Alat dan Bahan913.1.1 Alat913.1.2 Bahan913.2 Prosedur Percobaan913.2.1 Pengaruh Konsentrasi terhadap Laju Reaksi.913.1.2 Pengaruh Suhu terhadap Laju Reaksi.92BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN934.1 Hasil Pengamatan934.1.1 Tabel Hasil Pengamatan Pengaruh Konsentrasi934.1.2 Tabel Hasil Pengamatan Pengaruh Suhu............................................... 934.2 Reaksi934.3 Grafik934.3.1 Grafik Pengaruh Konsentrasi934.3.2 Grafik Pengaruh Suhu944.4 Perhitungan 944.4.1 Pengaruh Konsentrasi........................................................................... 94

4.4.2 Pengaruh Suhu...................................................................................... 95

4.5 Pembahasan............................................................................................. 95BAB 5 PENUTUP.............................................................................................. 1015.1 Kesimpulan............................................................................................ 1015.2 Saran........................................................................................................ 101DAFTAR PUSTAKA

PERCOBAAN 7: SIFAT-SIFAT UNSURBAB 1 PENDAHULUAN................................................................................. 1031.1 Latar Belakang....................................................................................... 1031.2 Tujuan Percobaan.................................................................................. 104BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA........................................................................ 105BAB 3 METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN........................................................... 1093.1 Alat dan Bahan...................................................................................... 1093.1.1 Alat..................................................................................................... 1093.1.2 Bahan.................................................................................................. 1093.2 Prosedur Percobaan............................................................................... 1103.2.1 Reaktifitas Unsur Mg......................................................................... 1103.2.2 Reaktifitas Unsur K............................................................................ 1103.2.3 Kelarutan Garam Sulfat..................................................................... 110

3.2.4 Kelarutan Garam Hidroksida............................................................. 111BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN............................................................ 1124.1 Hasil Pengamatan................................................................................. 1124.1.1 Tabel Hasil Pengamatan Reaktifitas Unsur Mg................................ 1124.2 Reaksi.................................................................................................. 1144.2.1 Reaktifitas Unsur............................................................................... 1144.2.2 Kelarutan Garam Sulfat.................................................................... 1144.2.3 Kelarutan Garam Hidroksida............................................................. 1144.2.4 Reaksi Unsur IA dan IIA terhadap Indikator PP................................ 1144.3 Perhitungan............................................................................................1154.3.1 Kelarutan Garam Sulfat MgSO4......................................................... 1154.3.2 Kelarutan Garam Sulfat CaSO4.......................................................... 1154.3.3 Kelarutan Garam Sulfat SrSO4........................................................... 1164.3.4 Kelarutan Garam Sulfat BaSO4........................................................... 1164.3.5 Kelarutan Garam Hidroksida Mg(OH)2............................................... 1164.3.6 Kelarutan Garam Hidroksida Ca(OH)2............................................ 1174.3.7 Kelarutan Garam Hidroksida Sr(OH)2............................................. 1174.3.8 Kelarutan Garam Hidroksida Ba(OH)2............................................ 1174.4 Pembahasan ............................................................................................ 117BAB 5 PENUTUP .............................................................................................. 1205.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................1205.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 120DAFTAR PUSTAKAPAGE x