Brosura Busteni Olimpiada Internationala Matematica EGMO 2016

8/18/2019 Brosura Busteni Olimpiada Internationala Matematica EGMO 2016

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Buşteni is a small mountain town in the north

of Prahova County, in central Romania. It is located

in the Prahova Valley, at the bottom of the Bucegi

mountains, that have a maximum altitude of 2505 m.

Its name literally means tree-logs in Romanian. One

village, Poiana Ţapului, is administratively part of

the town, formerly a separate commune prior to

1950. According to the 2011 census, it has 8,553

inhabitants.

Buşteni's average altitude is 900 m. It is one of

the most popular mountain resorts, offering

spectacular views, with lots of year-round tourism

opportunities, ranging from skiing to mountain

climbing.

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Town map Tourist map


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General F ramework

The whole Prahova Valley is a fascinating and majestic amphitheathre of the Romanian Carpathians . Here , everyone can

find his place to rest and be happy . The fact that the whole Prahova Valley has known important investments , being at the same timethe most searched mountain touristic destination from our country is nothing new.Out of all the mountain regions of the Prahova Valley , the resort Busteni has a special charm thanks to its special landscapes

given by the flaunty peaks of the Bucegi , the towering peaks of the Big Jepi , Small Jepi , Piatra Arsa , the legendary peak Costila -

called the Paradise of the climbers . It is also known because of the imposing monument on Caraiman , built in the honor of the fallenheroes in World War One , but also thanks to the buildings with the specific mountain architure.

Even if Busteni looks like a little resort , it is obivous that major changes are made and those can easily be seen by the tourists ,

travellers and locals .The presence of the affluents on the right side of Prahova River, Valea Cerbului , Valea Alba and Valea Jepilor has given to the

heart of Busteni resort the possibility of expansion up to the foot of the Bucegi Mountains. To the South , on the right side of Prahova ,the town expands itself with the district Poiana Tapului , and on the left , on the leap of the foot of the Zamora Mountain , with the

district with the same name .The mathematical position of the resort Busteni is given by the following coordinates :

Nordic Latitude : 45˚ 25’

Estic longitude : 25˚ 33’

The minimum height (at the Railway station) is of 882 m and the maximum height (at the last house on Matei Basarab Street) is of

980m .

The distance to Bucharest on DN1 (E15) and on the railroad is of 129Km ; to Brasov on DN1 (E15) and on the railroad Busharest- Brasov is of 37 km . The northern limit of the town is around the killometer 133 – where you can find the tunnel cut by the spur of Muchia Lung ă and the south limit close to the town Sinaia , at killometer 126 , in the point called Cerbului Valley or Gura Padurii .

From the touristic point of view , Busteni has a delightful position , being placed right at the foot of the Bucegi Mountains ,between Caraiman and Costila Peaks , wich are actually the principal attraction of the resort .The walls of the mountains descend

astoundingly from over 2000 meters , giving the landscape a wild magnificence .


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BU Ș TENI TOWN

Coordinates: 45°24′42″N 25°32′14″ECoordinates: 45°24′42″N 25°32′14″E

Country Romania

County Prahova County

Status Town

Government

• Mayor Emanoil Savin 3D view of Buşteni

Area

• Total 75.28 km (29.07 sq mi)

Population (2011)

• Total 8,894

Time zone EET (UTC+2)

• Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)

Website http://www.orasul-busteni.ro

Buşteni (Romanian pronunciation: [buʃˈtenʲ]) is a small mountain town in the north of Prahova County, in central Romania. It is located in thePrahova Valley, at the bottom of the Bucegi mountains, that have a maximum altitude of 2505 m. Its name literally means tree-logs in Romanian. One

village, Poiana Ţapului, is administratively part of the town, formerly a separate commune prior to 1950. According to the 20 11 census, it has 8,553inhabitants.

Buşteni's average altitude is 900 m. It is one of the most popular mountain resorts, offering spectacular views, with lots of year-round tourismopportunities, ranging from skiing to mountain climbing.

The town and the surrounding mountains were the site of military confrontations in 1916, during World War I ( see Romania during World War I ). Alarge commemorative monument (about 25 m high), Heroes' Cross (Crucea Eroilor ) lies atop nearby Caraiman Peak, at nearly 2,260 m. The monument is

lighted at night and is visible from virtually everywhere in Buşteni.

The main local industries are wood industry and tourism. Many holiday houses have been recently built in the town.

Also a new Information Tourism Center was set up near the City Hall.

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A cultural monument, a symbol of the Romanian-French

friendship.

„The French-Romanian House ( Casa Româno- Franceză)” is a real symbol of the Romanian-French friendship, through the brotherhood of the

two towns: Bușteni and Moissy-Cramayel. It is located in the center of the

town, on the “Libertății” Boulevard, across the town hall, in an one

hundred old building. This cultural center was created in order to promote

the values of the French civilization on “Prahova Valley”, being

considered a cultural monument.

The idea of brotherhood with the town Moissy-Cramayel from France and

the creation of the “The French-Romanian House” has been sustained and

shared in 1990 to the French authorities , by Lucian Ștefănescu, a

Romanian guide of international tourism who had a little holiday property

in Bușteni. He, after some time, has made favorable lobby for Bușteni.

Because of this, an exchange of good practices between the political poeple, teachers, students and residents of the two towns through the

frequent visits was made in both countries. These collaborations made the friendship between the two towns stronger, which led to the legitimate

brotherhood between Moissy-Cramayel and Bușteni. The brotherhood was cele brated through the inauguration on the 1st of September, 1996, at

Bușteni, of The French-Romanian House by the French mayor of Moissy-Cramayel and the mayor of Bușteni as “a true symbol of the

friendship that bonds us”.

Incursions through history

The title of touristic monument is the privilege of the esthetic of the building, put to restitution and function, in the year 1994, with the

purpose of hosting The French-Romanian House. The building is part of the the old Civic Center of Bușteni, built from 1887 to 1889 as a result

of the initiative of the administrator of the royal area, Ion Kalinderu. The terrain was donated by King Carol I for this noble purpose. This group

of royal buildings, built over a hundred years ago, have stayed strong until today. On the west side of the boulevard, there are the beautiful

buildings that hosted the Bușteni Hotel, in which today the town hall functions, the primary school, the Cultural Center and “Biserica

Domnească”. On the east side, between the train station and the level transition of the tracks, we find a series of houses built after the


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architecture of that time, out of which there is the elegant cottage which today hosts the French-Romanian House. The restitution of the building

was made respecting the architectural benchmarks of the construction, combining the new and the old in a perfect harmony.

Perfect for the public interested in culture

After the restitution that lasted from 1994 to 1996, made with financial Romanian and French sources, this institution was allowed for

public circuit. The French part made an additional contribution by providing interior endowments. The old noble construction, harmoniously

proportionate, is made of two floors. Open for the public interested in culture, “Casa Româno-Franceză” offers at the ground floor a hall

designed for the exposition of artistic creations which promotes the works of the local and foreign artists. The association center of the Bușteni – Moissy-Cramayel brotherhood and the offices of the French-Romanian House are placed at the ground floor as well. At the first floor, we find a

library that has about four thousand volumes and fifteen subscriptions of French newspapers and magazines of notoriety that can be read. For

stimulating the interest of the public, the “Book of the week” event was created, where various books of the library are made entries of, in

thematic mode. At this level, you can find a large room, with forty seats, which hosts conferences, reunions, symposiums and literary cafes in

the French language. At the same floor, there is also a course room, where the French language is taught by impassioned teachers to all

Francophiles. Many other extracurricular activities and video projections take place here for students or various auditiors. For people who are

interested in this, these rooms can be rent.

The cultural exchanges stimulate the desire to learn

Since the opening of this cultural monument, hundreds of students from Bușteni, who participated at activities that took place here,

helped by their knowledge of the French language, were able to graduate famous schools, were able to participate at international contests and,

last but not least, opened their path to a successful career. Having as their aim the promotion of the culture, the French language and the artistic

dialogue, with the help of this institution, the values of the French civilization have been brought to the attention of the residents and tourists ,

and they have promoted the exchange of the Franco-Romanian ideas. The mutual visits have contributed to the creation of a relationship

resistant to the passing time, to the change of visions which formed a real image of this town over the borders.

Romanian and foreign tourists who visit the town will find a hospitable place, perfect for relaxing, for obtaining cultural and touristic

information, from Monday to Friday, from 8:00 to 16:00.

“The French-Romanian house” is placed between the Libertății Boulevard, No. 174, in the center of the town, across the way to the town

hall.


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The Royal church in Buşteni, Prahova county, dedicated to the Birth

of Virgin Mary, was built in 1889, by King Carol l and Queen Elisabeth and

their daughter Maria, for their eternal remembrance.“Your birth, mother of God, proclaimed happiness in whole world,

because from you raised the Sun of justice, Christ, our God. He unraveled the

curse and gave bless breaking the death, He gave us eternal life.”

Birth of Virgin Mary Royal Church from Buşteni

The church in Buşteni built by King Carol I and Elisabeth was

founded on 8 September 1889. It was build according to a plan from the

architect I.M. Socolescu.

Made of stone from mountain’s quarry, in the shape of a cross, and beautified by two unique towers, the church is a piece of art of an Italian

worker coordinated by Pietro Dreossi. The pew, where church’s chore sings

during the ceremony, is made by oak and the iconostasis was brought from

Vienna. The icons are painted by Gheroghe Tătărăscu’s disciples.

The church has a length of 20 meters and a width of seven meters.

The roof is made up of two towers. Being very well built, the church had

never needed major repairing. Initially, the entrance was open, but it was

closed with windows. The massive door is sculpted from oak and its frame is made of stone. “All the wordly cares be forgotten” standswritten on a slab.

The iconostasis of the church, sculpted and gilded in wood, was ordered and carved in Vienna. These four windows of the nave

are beautified with stained glass. Beside the unique pieces of art there are two royal thrones, with the Romanian Kingdom symbol, two

princely thrones and a bishop’s throne.


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The original picture of the church was made by the Danish painter Agnes Exner. In 1934, being completely deleted, the church

was repainted, in oil, by painter Gheorghe Belizarie. In the pronave there are two baldachins, carved in wood. Those have kept the

paintings of Carol I and Queen Elisabeth.

Included in the heritage of the church there is a picture with theme “Let the children come to me”, painted by Gheorghe

Tătărăscu, in 1874, and given to the church by Queen Maria in 1927. In the same year Heroes Cross was built in honour of the heroes

whose lives were lost during First World War.

In First World War, the church suffered much damage because of the Austro-Hungarian army. The royal saloon was

devastated, the parochial house was used as a bard for horses and church’s archive was thrown into snow.

In 2010 the conservation-restoration of the inside painting begun, a fence from wrought iron was built and the parochial house

was rehabilitated.

“Today, life’s door opens, today sun’s sunlight rises, today mother of joy gives birth for world’s salvation. Joy and be happ y

and, with all the faith, praise her: Enjoy, godlike daughter Mary, which you have born today for saving the entire world!”


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The Caraiman Monastery is an Orthodox monastery located in

Busteni at the Caraiman foothill. The Caraiman Cross looks like it

guards the path which leads the pilgrims steps towards the monastery.

On the way to the cable car in Busteni, on the left side, a sign and an

icon show the path, with stone tiles here and there, which leads us to

the monastery.

The path, going like stealthily, under the dark crowns of the

trees, finally reaches an oasis of light, the Mount Caraiman showing it

in all its splendor. In this meadow, priest Gherontie Puiu had build,

from God mercy and with Mother Mary's help, a great monastery.

The priest needed good years to settle down here, not by choice,

but with Mother Mary’s guidance, which had been shown in his

dreams for several times, being there in all difficult times. The monk said that since he had arrived on the earth he felt ceaseless under

Mother Mary's protection, who had chosen him to fulfill a holy mission: raising a monastery.

Priest Gherontie Puiu listened to Mother Mary and he lived like a hermit for 10 years in a cave, till the summer of 1970. For 10 years,

every night, he looked at the greatest Cross on the Caraiman. Then, he said, "I've promised Mother Mary that, if I return safely down,

I will build a monastery with the patron of "Ascension of the Holy Cross", in which courtyard, the Cross on the Caraiman peak can be

easily seen.

After the Revolution in 1989, he returned at Neamt Monastery, where the monks recognized him, even if 30 years had passed.

He was anointed monk immediately, then he had been enrolled at the seminar, despite that he only had four classes finished in his

home village. For one week he was deacon after which, in 1992, the bishop of the place anointed him as a priest, after the

"Melchisedec ordinance", because he passed Jesus age.


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In 1995, while he was confessing a believer, the priest Gherontie Puiu, at that time servant priest at the great Cetatuia

Monastery from Iasi, had a stroke. He couldn't move half of his body. He was hospitalized at the hospital from Tatarasi where he

stayed three months after which he was transfered at the sanatorium from Sinaia.

There he stayed only one night. Found in a reserve with another priest and a Christian, Mother Mary had been shown once

again, but much closer. "I brought you here with one mission, remember that!", Mother Mary whispered him. "Wake up because you

are not ill!", She told him. And, the priest recalled: "Then She said louder: You will find a tree with six branches near a flowing water,

on a field where it can be seen the greatest Cross you sweared of. Build the monastery there!"

After several searches, finally, priest Gherontie Puiu had seen his dream with his eyes, starting from Palanca meadow, the

construction of a worship sanctuary for monks, along with a Church. At the beginning of 1996, priest Gherontie Puiu lived in a wood

hut in this place, desolated at that time.

In the middle of the meadow, there is a tree cut by a stoke of lightning where it had been found the face of Mary, The Mother of Jesus,

tree which has the form of a huge candelabrum. On the top of it, there is a white cross which l ightens at the down, once with the

public lighting in Busteni town. In the wooden chapel, built around the wonderful tree, the trunk is closed between four wooden walls,

each side being adorned with icons and the Holy Cross.


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The Cantacuzino Castle, located in the Zamora

neighbourhood, from Bușteni, was built in the year of 1911, in a park

owned by the prince Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino, also known as

‘Nababu’ (tr.n. the nabob), due to its impressive fortune.

The castle is surrounded by waterfalls, caves and fountains and

it is placed among the first class castles from Romania, in terms of

architecture.With an impressive size, the Cantacuzino castle is compared

with other edifices built in a neobrâncovenesc style, like the

Patriarchal Palace, the Peleș complex from Sinaia and the one from

Cotroceni. The decorative repertoire, inside the castle, composed of a

polychrome moulding, ornamental and figurative paintings, stained

glass, carved woodwork, coffered ceilings, carved stone balustrades

with wrought iron or wood, floor with decorative tiles and marquetry parquet, gives the ambiance a well-defined romantic character,

even if the structure of the interior columns and thecarved door headboards are a reminiscence of the brâncovenesc decorativerepertoire. The stained glasses, the balustrades, the pavilion’s stairs and the ceilings with exposed beams, some painted, some not, are

a reminiscence of the romantic decorative repertoire.

This repertoire is nothing else but a clear evidence of the uniqueness of the edifice. The blazon of the Cantacuzino family and

the blazons of the families related to it, painted in the reception hall, among the fresco of the most illustrious members of the

Cantacuzino line of noblemen, highlight the uniqueness of the castle.


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The complex is in full coordination with the ample landscaping, terraces and sustaining walls, ramps and stairs with stone

railings, which, in addition to the perfect functionality, integrate the volumes in the mountain area.

Moreover, the complex is located in an area scientifically proven to be an important power pole.

The Cantacuzino Castle is open to the public since the summer of 2010 and it can be used as a venue for cultural or private

events. Visiting hours are between 10.00 am and 18.00 pm, from Monday to Sunday.

On the terrace located in front of the castle, with a view of the Bucegi Mountains, tourists can enjoy a coffee at the Nababu Café, just

like Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino and the select society of the time did many years ago.

On the Cantacuzino domain tourists can practice equitation, enjoy wonderful hours in the ‘Escapade Adventure Park –

Zamora’ and starting the fall of 2012 they will be able to serve meals in the castle’s restaurant.

The castle gathers more and more visitors, who discover this architectural jewel, filled with history under the inscription left by

the Nabab: ‘I, Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino, with my wife Ecaterina, nee Băleanu, have built this castle in memory of the ancestors

and to serve as a shelter to the descendants.’

GHEORGHE GRIGORE CANTACUZINO "NABOB"

Short biography

Prince Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino (born September 22nd, 1832, Bucharest, D. March 23rd, 1913, Bucharest) was a

romanian politician, twice elected mayor of Bucharest (May 1869 - January 1870 and March 1913 - December 1913) and named

Prime Minister of Romania between 1899 - 1900 and during 1904-1907. He was born from the old noble Cantacuzino family, being a

descendant of Romanian rulers or Cantacuzino emperors of the Byzantine.

He studied in Bucharest and Paris, where he took his doctorate in law in 1858. After his return he was appointed Judge of the

Court of Ilfov, after he was appointed to the Court of Appeal, from where he resigned on May 4, 1864.

Because of his colossal wealth, he was nicknamed "Nabob". From the money at his disposal, he built three palaces: the

Cantacuzino Palace in Bucharest, located on Calea Victoriei, which now houses the National Museum "George Enescu" , Cantacuzino

Castle in Busteni, sometimes called "Cantacuzino Palace Busteni", now a museum, and Cantacuzino Palace in Floresti, nicknamed

"Little Trianon", now in ruins.


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Section of the County Museum of History and Archeology Prahova, Memorial Museum House

“Cesar Petrescu” from Busteni was opened on 17th December 1967, in the same house where the writerwassettled in 1937. Entering into possesion of the house, Cesar Petrescu had fulfilled the dream of youth. The

writer who wasn’t just novelist, but also a journalist and publicist responsive i ssues era, the town wasindispensable for him like “a post of observation” for daily activity, instead, as literary work of art requiredisolation and silence. In 1937 , Cezar Petrescu become the owner of the villa in Busteni, after 45 years of

published works with more than 20 books and lodged a vast activity in the press. In this house, the writer lived between 1937-1960 and wrote much of his

vast work.

After he passed away on 9th March 1961, his successors donated the entire house. Their offer was on the condition of turning the settlement into a cultural

venue, thinking that in this way, they will do their moral duty. The inside of house, keeping the same old style: rustic furniture, old carpets, Romanian

ceramic statues and paintings, over 10 000 books, newspapers and magazines, reveals two of main features with Cezar Petrescu : the appreciation for

popular art and his great passion for books.

At the entrance of museum, the visitors are welcomed with the signs of friendship between Cezar Petrescu and great artists of his age: the statues of

the 3 mrtyrs Horia, Closca and Crisan by the sculptor Oscar Han or paintings by Iser, Jiquidi or Demian. The living room, mainly with the exhibited objects

,illustrates the writer’s love for popular art and good tastes : the furniture wrought in popular style, ceramic from Transylvania and a glass icon. Two

paintings by Biltiu Daucus complete this space. The reception office unveiled the furniture which was commissioned after special taste of the writer; the

carpet was made in the most authentic style whereas the curtains worked ornamental from canvas melted. The library has over 1700 books, most of them in

French. Exhibition planning documentation was made from decommissioning of 2 bedrooms and by equipping by successors with original documents, acts

of family, of marital status, writer’s first editions works , photos, graphic pieces made by writer.

The second floor of house represents the place where the writer retreated to work. The work room (the winter office) keeps the worktable of writer, the chair

and the daily tools of writing, the ashtray (was a passionate smoker), the kettle and the service of coffee. The books in this office represent two distinct

categories: the books with dedication and the Romanian classics in old edition. The summer office is represented by a balcony, where, on the worktable

remained a last article and on a round table is, even now, the coffee service, near the cigarettes and medicines. Except the bedroom, all the rooms on this

floor of house, are libraries, with the 10000 books of the writer.

The cabinet of press is the room where a collection of papers and magazines is kept and presented, the collection which Cezar Petrescu gathered

since his early years of high school and until the last moment of his life. They had served as a source of inspiration for his work as a publisher and a novelist.

It is worth mentioning some titles: “The truth”, “The morning”, The thinking”, “Literary conversation”, The magazine of Royal Fundation”, etc.

This is the house of Cezar Petrescu, a tribute brought to people and to his work. “Here, under this pure sky, Cezar Petrescu honor as in an ancient

ceremony, the Art, the Work, the Justice and the Humanity”.

Come in! “You’ll find there the presence of a man who loved you, .. who loved all of us!”


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"Culture is a life form through which human collectivity expresses the creative force ". - Marin

Preda.The Cultural Centre from Busteni, as an institution, has not always had its location in the

present one, but its activity, under different forms, has a history of over one hundred years.

The first attestation of a cultural institution dates back in 1899 when, at the headmaster's

initiative, the teacher’s A. M. Mihailescu and Dr. Constantin Popescu’s initiative, the cultural

Society "Gheorghe Lazar" is founded, which had its location in the old school building from

Busteni.

In 1903 the society turned into the popular bank society called "Credit, Economy,

Culture And Philanthropy Association", keeping its preponderant cultural character. We don't have data concerning the moment of its

transformation into a Cultural House, but we suppose that this thing could have happened after the declaration of Busteni as town in 1946.Since

then it worked in more or less unfit locations for a Cultural House, but it has organized and sustained a rich cultural activity, as well as until

then. Within this location various artistic assemblies, folk or choral bands have functioned, such as the renowned teacher's Claponi's choir.

In 1999 the current centre was assigned to the Cultural House in Busteni. In the present location functioned the first school in Busteni

which hasn’t had its own building since its establishment in 1865, after the education law was issued by Al.I.Cuza. Until 188 7 it functioned in

the private home of Ghita Constantinescu's on Valea Alba Street. In 1887 the current building

was given for the school use and until after the Second World War, the school functioned here.

Once new buildings were built, the school moved away step by step, leaving in the old building

only a few rooms for school workshops, a gymnasium and the town library.In time, the school building suffered two fires. The last time, in 1986, after a devastating

fire, it burned to the ground.

On the old site of the school, keeping the special architectural style of it, the current

building was build in which now functions the Cultural Centre of Busteni and the Town Library.


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HEROES' CROSS ON CARAIMAN PEAK

Front view of the memorial

For the people who died during World War I

Unveiled September 1928

Location

45.415989°N 25.497472°E

near Buşteni, Romania

Designed byGeorge Cristinel and Constantin

Procopiu

The Heroes' Cross is a monument built between 1926 and 1928 on Caraiman Peak at an altitude of 2,291 m located in

Romania, in the Bucegi Mountains of the Southern Carpathians. It has a height of 36 metres (118 ft) and the nearest town is Buşteni.

The name of the monument is "The Heroes' Cross", but it is popularly known as the "Cross on Caraiman".

Location and sizeThe Heroes' Cross is located in the saddle of the Caraiman Mountains, on the slope to the Seacă Valley at an elevation of 2,291

metres (7,516 ft). The cross itself has a height of 28 metres (92 ft) and two arms of 7 metres (23 ft) each. The monument is the tallest

summit cross in the world situated at such an altitude, as recognized in 2014 by Guinness World Records.[ The width of the vertical

pole is 2 metres (7 ft), the horizontal arms have a length by spindle pole of 7 metres (23 ft), and a square cross section with sides of 2

metres (7 ft). The cross is made out of steel profiles and is mounted on a pedestal of concrete clad with stone 7.5 metres (25 ft) high.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_Ihttps://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Heroes%27_Cross_on_Caraiman_Peak&params=45.415989_N_25.497472_E_type:mountainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Ftenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Ftenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Ftenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caraiman_Peakhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucegi_Mountainshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Carpathianshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Ftenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Ftenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Ftenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summit_crosshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_World_Recordshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crucea_comemorativ%C4%83_a_Eroilor_rom%C3%A2ni_din_primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_World_Recordshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summit_crosshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Ftenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Carpathianshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucegi_Mountainshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caraiman_Peakhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Ftenihttps://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Heroes%27_Cross_on_Caraiman_Peak&params=45.415989_N_25.497472_E_type:mountainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I


18/28

Inside the pedestal there is a room that originally housed the electric generator that powered the 120 light bulbs of 500 W each located

on the perimeter of the cross.

Monument construction

The Heroes' Cross was built between 1926 and 1928 in the memory of the railway heroes who died on duty in World War I

fighting against the armies of the Central Powers. The cross was erected at the initiative of Marie of Edinburgh and King Ferdinand of

Romania in order to be seen from a large distance as possible.[4]

The overall project was developed by Romanian architects Georges

Cristinel and Constantin Procopiu. The construction of the monument began in 1926 and was completed in August 1928. Queen Marie

had closely followed the implementation of her instructions until the completion of the project. Inauguration and consecration of the

monument took place on September 14, 1928 on the Holy Cross Day. The monument was made of metal sleepers joined by riveting in

a network pattern. The actual construction was done by the Heroes' Cult Society that mobilized a large number of young people.

Tools, wood, metal parts, the remaining components and all the necessary materials were transported by train to the Buşteni railway

station.[4]

From here some metal beams and other building materials were transported by oxen on the route Buşteni - Sinaia -

Păduchiosul Peak - Dichiu Peak - Bucegi Plateau - Caraiman Peak and the remaining materials were transported by the funicular

owned by the Buşteni Paper Mill. The funicular transported different parts along the Jepilor Valley all the way to Schiel Canton,

where they were taken on narrow trails with horses and donkeys to the top of the Caraiman Peak.

Illumination

At first lighting of the monument was made with the help of an electricity generator (located in the concrete pedestal) and 120

bulbs of 500 W each. In 1939 the Cross was connected to the national energy

grid and thus the generator was made redundant; the power comes via

underground cable from the electrical substation of the Coştila radio relay

complex located at an altitude of 2,487 metres (8,159 ft). Until the communist

regime in 1948, the cross was lit on the night of the Dormition of the

Theotokos (August 15) but also on the Ascension day when the Hero

Remembrance Day was celebrated as well.

The monument is currently administrated by the Buşteni City Council.

Nowadays, at night, the Cross on Caraiman is illuminated with 300 light bulbs

of 500 W each and can be seen from dozens of miles away, on the Prahova

Valley. There is a new project which aims to cover the cross with a

fluorescent dye and on top of the cross to be a projected laser spot.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Powershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_of_Edinburghhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Romaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Romaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes%27_Cross_on_Caraiman_Peak#cite_note-bihor-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes%27_Cross_on_Caraiman_Peak#cite_note-bihor-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes%27_Cross_on_Caraiman_Peak#cite_note-bihor-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Cross_Dayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Ftenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Ftenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes%27_Cross_on_Caraiman_Peak#cite_note-bihor-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes%27_Cross_on_Caraiman_Peak#cite_note-bihor-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes%27_Cross_on_Caraiman_Peak#cite_note-bihor-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle#Terminologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funicularhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funicularhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Theotokoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Theotokoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascensionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prahova_Valleyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prahova_Valleyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prahova_Valleyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prahova_Valleyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascensionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Theotokoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Theotokoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funicularhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funicularhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle#Terminologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes%27_Cross_on_Caraiman_Peak#cite_note-bihor-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Ftenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Cross_Dayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes%27_Cross_on_Caraiman_Peak#cite_note-bihor-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Romaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Romaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_of_Edinburghhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Powershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I


19/28

( meaning The old women) is a name for an area on the Bucegi Mountains plateau in Romania, within the Southern Carpathians.

Babele is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country. The name comes

from some mushroom shaped rock formations, the result of erosion and varying hardness of

the rock layers.

Babele (Old Women) are situated near Baba Mare Peak (2292m altitude). This group of

rocks is found near another natural rock formation, the Sphynx. They were also called “The

cyclopic shrine in the Caraiman Mountains”. They are supposed to symbolize the earth and the sky, the sun and the

moon, but also Mars, the god of war and agriculture.

Countless legends and theories have appeared regarding their

occurrence. Some researchers claim that air and water have been the

shaping agents, accompanied by freezing and melting of the water. The

difference of the rocks on the plateau, grindstone and limestone, is also

a fact to be taken into consideration. But human intervention to these

forms cannot be discarded totally. So far, there was no scientific proof

that could fully explain this phenomenon and consequently, the legends

around these rocks keep developing, mixing reality with the

supernatural. The Babele chalet is accessible either by cable car from

Buşt eni or by road. It can also be reached by foot, coming from Buşteni

through Valea Jepilor (Juniper Valley), or from the crest of Bucegi

Mountains, from the Piatra Arsă (The Burned Rock) chalet.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucegi_Mountainshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Carpathianshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Ftenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Ftenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Ftenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Carpathianshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucegi_Mountains


20/28

Sphinx from Bucegi

The Sphinx (Romanian: Sfinxul ) is a natural rock formation in the Bucegi Natural Park which is in the Bucegi Mountains of

Romania. It is located at an altitude of 2,216 metres (7,270 ft), a 10-minute walk from the Babele.

The first photo of the Great Bucegi Sphinx was probably taken in about the year 1900. This photograph was taken from a front

position, not from a lateral one, as it usually appears in pictures nowadays. It only acquired its nickname, referring to the Great Sphinx

of Giza, in the year 1936. The image of the sphinx appeared when the rock, having an 8 m height and a 12 m width, was watched from

a certain angle. The megalith has its clearest outline on 21 November, at the time the sun goes down.[1][2][3]

In Romanian film

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucegi_Natural_Parkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucegi_Mountainshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babelehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Gizahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Gizahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TheSphinx.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Gizahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Gizahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babelehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucegi_Mountainshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucegi_Natural_Parkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_language


21/28

In Romanian film

The Sphinx features in the 1967 film The Dacians, in which it is a place of sacrifice to the god Zalmoxis. It also plays a significant

role in the 1980 film Burebista, in which it is equated with the eponymous ancient Dacian king and the eternity of Romanian

identity.[4]

`The Sphynx in Bucegi Mountains is an anthropomorphic megalith located at 2,216 m altitude. The origin of the Sphinx’s name

comes from its resemblance to a human head, namely the similarities with the Egyptian Sphynx, its occurrence is due to wind erosion.Consisting of a large block of stone that has taken the shape it has today, in a very long time, the Sphynx of Bucegi Mountains,

situated on the Bucegi plateau, measures 8 meters in height and 12 meters in width.

From a historical and mystical point of view, the Sphynx is the representation of a supreme deity from Pelasgian times. Its human

aspect is associated with an expression of sovereignty and strength, and this is evidenced by its well proportioned face, severe lips and

determined chin. The Pelasgians were the inhabitants of these areas, previous to the Greeks, their tribes being particularly prevalent in

the Aegean Sea.

"The enormously colossal figure in the Dacian Carpathians transmits a sovereign expression of dignity and an immensity of

power that could not possibly represent anyone else but the great, national god of the Pelasgian tribes, to whom all the most imposingheights of the mountains have been granted," said historian N. Densusianu.

Many historians believe the Egyptian Sphynx in Gizeh is a copy of the Sphinx on the Bucegi Platform because of its resemblance to

Zeus. In support of this hypothesis, a resemblance has been acknowledged between the Bucegi Sphynx and a sculpture of Zeus, which

was discovered in Italy and now is preserved in Vatican. This bust presents Zeus's traits in a barbarous, severe figure, characteristic of

the Thracians.

Also the fact that both sphynxes measure the same height is curious, as is the fact that all Egyptian deities have human bodies

and animal heads, except for the Great Egyptian Sphynx, which has a lion's body and a human head.

Near the Romanian Sphynx on the Bucegi Platform, there also stands a group of stones known as "Babele", or Old Women. Therocks look like giant mushrooms. The three formations are each 3.5 meters high and the diameters of the pedestals vary between 2 and

4 meters. Two of the caps are square, but the top on the third is elliptical. To maintain their connection with the sphynx, they were

nicknamed "The Cyclopean Altars from the Caraiman", and are devoted to Earth and sky, to sun and moon, and to Mars, the god of

war and of agriculture.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacii_%28film%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacii_%28film%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacii_%28film%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmoxishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burebista_%28film%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burebista_%28film%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burebista_%28film%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx_%28Romania%29#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx_%28Romania%29#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx_%28Romania%29#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx_%28Romania%29#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burebista_%28film%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmoxishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacii_%28film%29


22/28

Urlătoarea Waterfall from Bucegi Mountains is one of the most spectaculous waterfalls

from Romania, because of its debit but also because of its height (15 meters). Urlătoarea

Waterfall is formed on the Urlătoarea stream , found next to touristic course which goes f rom

Bușteni to the Bucegi Tableland on the Jepii Mari valley. On the point named ”La grătar” , the

way splits to the right, the path marked with a blue triangle goes to Piatra Arsă Chalet.The

silence is disturbed by a strong rumble and from the back of the rocks Urlatoare Waterfall

appears . In this zone you will find other little waterfalls , spread on some meters above the

Urlătoarea Mare and the Urătoarea Mică streams.

Last Grenade Monument-was raised in 1928,in the memory of the hero Caporal

Vasile Mușat but also in the memory of the dead heroes from the WW1. The monument is

situated in the front of the CFR Bușteni train station, raised by at the request of the owner

of Otto Schiel paper factory. It is the sculptor Dumitru Bârlad’s work and it represents the

caporal throwing a grenade towards the enemy camp, with his right hand, the only hand

that he still had.


23/28

Ski area

Kalinderu Busteni is placed on the slope between the entry point of ValeaAlba creek in Busteni and Prahova Valley under the Caraiman Cross, and it

includes two ski tracks. Both of them are provided with equipment ofartificial snow and night lights.

Ski Zone:

Kalinderu 1 with a length of 1.700m(1.056mi) and a medium width of40m(0.024mi).

Kalinderu 2 with a length of 1.500m(0.932mi) and a medium width of

60m(0.037mi).

Programme:Summer: daily 8:30AM - 18:00PMWinter: daily 8:30AM - 17:00PMTechnical Review: Monday 8:00AM - 12:00PM

*The program is official and will be respected as said, given that theweather allows transport of people in conditions of maximum security.


24/28

The Fun Park is made up of:

-Beginners Slope - 150m(0.093mi) length-Baby Ski - 120m(0.074mi) length-Tubing Track - 150m(0.093mi) length-Transport Lane Tubing and Ski - 100m(0.062mi)length

-Carousel for beginner children-Slide - 500(0.310mi) length

Prices:Slide 5 RON - 1 ride / person or 25 RON /pers / 6

ridesSki Lift 2 RON / up, 5 ups = 10 RON, 10 ups = 20 RONTubing Track 2 RON / up, 5 ups = 10 RON, 10 ups = 20 RONCarousel 2 RON / 15 minutes

Access to the sled slide is made only by the automatic gateway:

- Adult + Kid over 3 years old- Kid + Kid over 10 years old

Access denied to the facilities in the Fun Park for the drunk persons.

Card with points from the chairlift is available in Fun Park too.Card with points from Fun Park isn't available for the chairlift.


25/28

Busteni - Bucegi's Gateway, is a mountain resort which is the starting point tothe Heart of Bucegi Mountains. Thousands of tourists take over the resorts from

Prahova Valley to get away from the terrible heat of Bucharest. Coming to Bustenior Sinaia you need to refresh in some way, and the best method is to climb the high

peaks of Bucegi Mountains, to walk on the Plateau, and reach the Cross on the

Caraiman peak, at Omu Peak, at an altitude of 1400m or 2000m, the Cavern, Bolbocior Padina.

First and easiest locations to visit are the Babele and The Sphinx ( 15 minutes withthe Cable Car Busteni - Babele), Monastery and Hermitage Cavern with Cable Car

Old Women Cavern.

Cable Car Bușteni - Babele are placed behind of Silva Hotel, as landmark.

Costs / person round-trip ride: -Adults - 35 RON-Kids 5 - 12 years - 18 RON

-Kids under 5 - FREE

Attention !!! Every TUESDAY technical review between 8AM - 10:30AM

Last Cable Car ( which goes down ) from the upper Babele station - 17:30PM BUT* on days with a crowded traffic this hour doesn'tstand so all the tourists can go down.Inside the upper station from Babele, another Cable Car can be used to the Cavern.

Costs for Cable Car Old Women - Cavern: -Adult - 20 RON

-Kids 5 - 12 years - 10RON-Kids under 5 years - FREE.


26/28

Attention !!! Every TUESDAY technical review between hours 8AM - 10:30AM

Last Cable Car for the Cavern at 17:15PMGoing down from the upper station Babele, you have easy access to natural monuments : Babele and The Sphinx.

Inside the Cable Car station, at the exit, you can identify the Mountain Hiking Map which will help you to direct to other places fromBucegi Mountains.In case of accidents you can dial 0 SALVAMONT or 112.Do not deviate from the marked trails.

I wish you a pleasant walk !

http://ziardebusteni.ro/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/DSCN50151.jpg


27/28

“ION KALINDERU” COLLEGE

This educational institution received a new title from the Ministry of Education,

Research, Youth and Sport - the one of college. The new name began its use with the startof the new school year 2010-2011. The educational institution for high school

students was modernized in recent years and has reached the European standards in

education. Among other things, it has a multifunctional sports hall and a performant

computer lab, and the school offer is rich. The school has recorded outstanding

performance over the years, because high school students have won major awards in

numerous county competitions. The college has also partnerships with schools from the

country and from abroad, and the students have made countless times experience

exchanges. 'Ion Kalinderu' is chosen annually by 8th grade graduates from Prahova Valleywho want to attend high school in this institution.

www.kalinderu.8m.com

Secondary School 'Queen Elizabeth'

Secondary School 'Cezar Petrescu'

Secondary School 'Nestor Urechia'

The Sanatorium Secondary School Kindergarden no 1

Kindergarden no 2

Kindergarden no 3

Kindergarden no 4

Kindergarden no 5

http://www.kalinderu.8m.com/http://www.kalinderu.8m.com/http://www.kalinderu.8m.com/


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Bu șteni is located at a medium attitude of 850m at the foot of Caraiman Mountain, atthe bank of Prahova River. I t attracts thousands of tour ists every year.

I n summer, Bu șteni i s the starti ng point of pleasant tr ips on the mountains. Babele (Old

Women) and the Sphynx are only 13 minutes away from the chairlift of which“ Screaming ” Water fal l i s the ending point.

Here, winter lasts for 5 months, fr om December to Apri l, peri od in which 11 ski

slopes are functi oning.

I n 1916 dur ing the F ir st Wor ld War there was a battle fi eld. A cross of 25 m was bui lt

in the memory of all heroes. The monument which was raised at the order of Queen M aria

stands on a secondary peak of Caraiman Mountains at an alti tude of 2291m.

The construction lasted 3 years. Materials were taken up by some young people in

backpacks helped by donkeys.You can also visit the House of Cezar Petrescu, bui lt in 1918, Pri nce Gheorghe

Cantacuzino’s castle built in 1911, Royal Chur ch buil t in 1889 at the order of King Carol Iand Queen Eli zabeth.

Documents

Brosura Busteni Olimpiada Internationala Matematica EGMO 2016