3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]

8/2/2019 3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]

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CDunne/TYork (c)2008CDunne/TYork (c)2008

Geography GCSE RevisionGeography GCSE Revision

EdexcelEdexcel

Specification ASpecification A


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Getting Organised!Getting Organised!

E.G.E.G. MonMon TuesTues WedWed ThuThu FriFri Sat Sat SunSun

16/0416/04

23/0423/04

30/0430/04

07/0507/05

14/0514/05

21/0521/05


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The Economic World

Economic Systems Farming Secondary IndustriesSectors of Industry Characteristics of Farming Factors affecting location of

secondary activities

Employment structure as an

indicator of differencesbetween countries

How farming is changing ICT in Bracknell

How patterns change over time EU - CAP Informal/Formal industry

Case StudiesDETAILS = Marks Rice farming in the

PhilippinesEU changes in UK Whathappened to Mr Redfernsfarm?

Bracknell, which companies?Where were they located?Names of roads, industrialestates etc?Fiat in Brazil Similar detailsas above. Mention the cities,the employment nos etc.


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Sectors of IndustrySectors of IndustryMost of this section is examined on paper 3H/1FMost of this section is examined on paper 3H/1F

What are they?What are they?

How do employment patterns differHow do employment patterns differbetween countries?between countries?

How do employment patterns change overHow do employment patterns change overtime?time?

How can you display all of this graphically?How can you display all of this graphically?


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Key Qs: Farming systems have different characteristics(What are they?)All farming systems have been experiencingchange (What are they?)

Economic World PRIMARY ACTIVITY

Farming as a System

InputsSunlightRainfall / watersupplyLand / soil

Labour(workforce)Capital (money)Seeds / fertiliser/ pesticidesanimals

ProcessesCultivation of cropse.g. ploughing,

irrigationRearing of animals

Outputs Crops Animals Animal

productse.g. milk /meat

Outputs:a) To sellb) Farmers own

use

Feedback

Factors Affecting FarmingSocial & Economic FactorsLabour

Capital (money

Technology

Markets

Government

Environmental Factors

Climate

Relief

Soil

Do you know your case studies?Intensive Wet Rice Farming PhilippinesEU Changes in the UK (CAP)

Types of Agriculture1. Enterprise:ArablePastoralMixed2. Intensity of Production:IntensiveExtensive

3. Subsistence/Commercial

CAP Make sure you know what is this and what

changes it brought:

Diversification

Set-aside

Quotas

List

examples

of other

primary

activities.


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Types of FarmingTypes of Farming

Global General KnowledgeGlobal General KnowledgeType of FarmingType of Farming ExampleExample

Nomadic HuntingNomadic Hunting Aborigines, AustraliaAborigines, Australia

Nomadic herdingNomadic herding Maasai in KenyaMaasai in Kenya

Shifting cultivationShifting cultivation Amerindians in AmazoniaAmerindians in Amazonia

Intensive subsistenceIntensive subsistenceagricultureagriculture

Rice farming in the GangesRice farming in the GangesDeltaDelta

Plantation agriculturePlantation agriculture Sugar cane in BrazilSugar cane in Brazil

Livestock ranchingLivestock ranching(commercial pastoral)(commercial pastoral)

Beef on the PampasBeef on the Pampas

Cereal cultivationCereal cultivation Canadian PrairiesCanadian Prairies

Mixed farmingMixed farming NetherlandsNetherlands

Mediterranean agricultureMediterranean agriculture Southern ItalySouthern Italy

IrrigationIrrigation Nile Valley, CaliforniaNile Valley, California

UnsuitableUnsuitable Sahara Desert Sahara Desert

SpecialisationSpecialisationArableArablePastoralPastoralMixedMixed

Economic Status:Economic Status:Commercial farmingCommercial farmingSubsistence farmingSubsistence farmingIntensity of LandIntensity of LandUse:Use:ExtensiveExtensive

IntensiveIntensivePoliticalPoliticalOrganicOrganicWhat do all of theseWhat do all of theseproduce?produce?


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Factors Affecting FarmingFactors Affecting Farming

Human Factors

Government aid

Fertiliser

Mechanisation

Marketing

Size of farm

Competition forland

Relief

Temperature

Physical Factors

Soils

Rainfall


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Wet Rice FarmingWet Rice Farming

LocationLocation

Maximo Casiendos farm at Barangay BayMaximo Casiendos farm at Barangay Bay

The Flora CommunityThe Flora Community


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Case Study: Changes affectingCase Study: Changes affecting

Farming Systems in the EUFarming Systems in the EU Home Farm, West Midlands But where is this???Home Farm, West Midlands But where is this??? Sheep worth less than crisps!Sheep worth less than crisps! Set aside:Set aside:1.1. EU funded scheme to reduce surplusesEU funded scheme to reduce surpluses2.2. Farmers are paidFarmers are paid notnot to grow anything for 5 yearsto grow anything for 5 years

(left fallow)(left fallow)3.3. Payment = up to 300 per year!Payment = up to 300 per year!4.4.

Diversification to Caravans and B&BDiversification to Caravans and B&B5.5. Renting land out for GrazingRenting land out for Grazing6.6. BUTBUT Think about what has happened in 2008 toThink about what has happened in 2008 to

farming and foodfarming and food


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Common Agricultural PolicyCommon Agricultural Policy

Created in 1962Created in 1962 Aims:Aims:1.1. To protect farmers incomesTo protect farmers incomes2.2. To ensure reasonable and steady prices for consumersTo ensure reasonable and steady prices for consumers3.3. To increase production to provide sufficient foodTo increase production to provide sufficient food

suppliessupplies4.4. Grants and subsidiesGrants and subsidies money for farmers who farm inmoney for farmers who farm in

difficult areasdifficult areas5.5. Price supportPrice support a guaranteed minimum price fora guaranteed minimum price for

agricultural produce (may cause surplusesagricultural produce (may cause surpluses6.6. Not sustainableNot sustainable big changes in current news articlesbig changes in current news articles

look them up.look them up.


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Case Study: How is FarmingCase Study: How is Farming

Changing?Changing? Diversification:Diversification:1.1. This is when farmers develop business initiatives other thanThis is when farmers develop business initiatives other than

farmingfarming2.2.

Examples:Examples:a)a) Barns converted in to holiday cottages, garden centres and farmBarns converted in to holiday cottages, garden centres and farmshopsshops

b)b) Tea shopsTea shops Agribusinesses:Agribusinesses:1.1. LargeLarge--scale, highly efficient farmsscale, highly efficient farms

2.2. Organised on scientific and business principlesOrganised on scientific and business principles3.3. Includes a chain of suppliers and retailersIncludes a chain of suppliers and retailers4.4. Belongs to a group of other farmsBelongs to a group of other farms5.5. Able to reduce cost of inputsAble to reduce cost of inputs economies of scaleeconomies of scale


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Quick QuizQuick Quiz

1. Make a list of all the factors that affect farming1. Make a list of all the factors that affect farming you mind find ityou mind find iteasier to split them into physical and human factors.easier to split them into physical and human factors.

2. What are:2. What are:

a)a) Arable farmsArable farmsb)b) Pastoral farmsPastoral farms

c)c) Mixed farms?Mixed farms?

3. Explain what is meant by the following:3. Explain what is meant by the following:

a)a) Intensive farmsIntensive farms

b)b) Extensive farmsExtensive farmsc)c) Subsistence farmsSubsistence farms

d)d) Commercial farmsCommercial farms

4. What does CAP stand for?4. What does CAP stand for?

5. What is diversification?5. What is diversification?


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Factors affecting the location ofFactors affecting the location of

secondary industriessecondary industries

What is needed?

Land Raw materials

Energy

Transport/communications (links)Labour

Market

EnvironmentCapital


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Economic Activities:1. The location of manufacturing industries2. The location of distribution industries

The Economic World SECONDARY ACTIVITIES

C Dunne 2005

Industry as a System

InputsRaw materialsLandLabour

PowerTransportCapital (money)

ProcessesMaking the goodsProcessPackaging

Distribution

Outputs Finished

product forthe consumer

or to otherindustries

Wasteproducts

Profit or LossProfit Reinvested

Uganda

UK

Employment Structure label and explain. The first chunk isprimary, the second secondary and the last tertiary.

What other types of

economic activity

are there?

Location of IndustryWhere?

Why?

Case Studies:Heavy industry

e.g. iron & steel Industry

Footloose Industry

e.g. Hi-tech industry

Distribution Industry e.g.

Argos, Stafford

Can you interpret aTriangular Graph?


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HighHigh--Tech IndustriesTech Industries

Bracknell Computer DevelopmentBracknell Computer Development

Why have they located here? (Where is it exactly?)Why have they located here? (Where is it exactly?) The following may give you a few clues but make sureThe following may give you a few clues but make sure

you have reyou have re--read the case study.read the case study. These may be described as footloose because they areThese may be described as footloose because they are

not really restricted by the location factors of rawnot really restricted by the location factors of rawmaterials e.g. pc factoriesmaterials e.g. pc factories

Tend to opt for locations near major route ways e.g. M4Tend to opt for locations near major route ways e.g. M4/ M11 corridors You must mention the roads./ M11 corridors You must mention the roads.

Also locate near university sites (Which Ones?)Also locate near university sites (Which Ones?)research facilitiesresearch facilities Would prefer sites that area aesthetically pleasing forWould prefer sites that area aesthetically pleasing for

their workers, Like what? Where?their workers, Like what? Where?YOU NEED TO KNOW THIS CASE STUDY!


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Formal and Informal sectorsFormal and Informal sectors

What are the differences?What are the differences?

What characterises an informal sector job?What characterises an informal sector job?

What is the advantage of a formal sectorWhat is the advantage of a formal sectorjob?job?


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Some industries are classed asSome industries are classed as

Heavy Industry e.g. Iron and steelHeavy Industry e.g. Iron and steel South WalesSouth Wales e.g. Ebbw Vale, Merthyr Tydfile.g. Ebbw Vale, Merthyr Tydfil

Natural Advantages:Natural Advantages:

1.1. CoalfieldsCoalfields

2.2. LimestoneLimestone3.3. Iron oreIron ore

4.4. Flat site (of Valley)Flat site (of Valley)

5.5. River (Rhonda)River (Rhonda) cooling finished productcooling finished product

6.6. Local settlementsLocal settlements work forcework force

7.7. Port (gateway to the British EmpirePort (gateway to the British Empire market)market)8.8. These areas are where industry used to be but then it moved forThese areas are where industry used to be but then it moved for

several reasons.several reasons.


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How did location factorsHow did location factors

change?change? Empire countries gained independenceEmpire countries gained independence moremore

competition; market not as strongcompetition; market not as strong

Coal and iron ore reserves were becoming exhaustedCoal and iron ore reserves were becoming exhausted(running out!); seams were too thin to mine or(running out!); seams were too thin to mine orinaccessible (making it more expensive to mine)inaccessible (making it more expensive to mine)

Original valley site not big enough for modern factoriesOriginal valley site not big enough for modern factories

Coastal areas were better as they were the areas whereCoastal areas were better as they were the areas where

relatively cheap imported materials were coming inrelatively cheap imported materials were coming in There were better places in the world to make thingsThere were better places in the world to make things

that were cheaperthat were cheaper Place like Britain got rid of lots ofPlace like Britain got rid of lots oftheir industries to countries like Brazil.their industries to countries like Brazil.


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BrazilBrazil -- FiatFiat

What is a Trans National Company (TNC)What is a Trans National Company (TNC)

Why did Fiat move from Italy to Brazil?Why did Fiat move from Italy to Brazil?

Why did Fiat expand in Brazil?Why did Fiat expand in Brazil?


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Quick QuizQuick Quiz

Name the 4 types of industryName the 4 types of industry

How does this classification help when talking about theHow does this classification help when talking about theemployment structure and development of a country?employment structure and development of a country?

Briefly define/explain the term systemBriefly define/explain the term system

List the important factors when considering the locationList the important factors when considering the locationof industryof industry

What is heavy industry?What is heavy industry?

Which case study? Where? Why? What happened?Which case study? Where? Why? What happened? What is a footloose industry?What is a footloose industry?

Documents

3. Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification a Revision - Economic[1]