1. 1. 11 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 : 3 1) (aliphatic hydrocarbon) (open chain) CH3 - CH2 CH2 CH2 CH32) (alicyclic hydrocarbon) 3) (aromatic hydrocarbon) CH3 : 1
2. 2. 11 : 2 IV 2 6 1s2 2s2 2p2 2 , 4 3 12C , 13C, 14C 12.011 3730 0C 4830 0C () 3.51 g/cm3 2.26 g/cm3 0.077 nm (IE1) 1086 kJ/Mol 2.5 2
3. 3. 2 : 31) organic H , O, N, P, S, Cl, Br C ( ) .. 1828 (Fridrich Wohler) NH4CNO NH2 - CO - NH2 CO2 , CO CaCO3 NaHCO3 () CS2 NaCN NH4CNO (H2CO3) , 2) S, O, Cl, Na, Mg, Al C H2SO4 , NaCl , K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O
4. 4. 11.1 6 12 4A 2 4 4 8 1 2 3 (single bond) (double bond) (triple bond) 1 4 (CH4) : 4
5. 5. : 5 11.1.1 1) CH4 , C6H14 , C6H6O2) 2.1) (Expanded form) ( - ) 2 1 2.2) (Condensed form) C H
6. 6. 2.3) (Bond line form) C H C H : 6
7. 7. : 7 3 3 CH4 109.5 1 C2H4 120 C2H2 180 CH4 , C2H4 C2H2
8. 8. 11.1.2 (Isomer) C4H10 2 ( 2 ) C5H12 3 ( 3 ) C6H14 5 ( 5 ) C4H10 2 (2 ) (oC)(oC) 20 oC(g/cm3)-138.3 -0.5 0.573-159.4 -11.7 0.551 C4H10 1) 1 2) 2 CH3 3) 1 2 1. 2. 3. : C5H12 : 8
9. 9. 1. / : 9
10. 10. 2. C6H14 : 103. 3.1) (CH3CH2)2CHCH3 CH3CH2C(CH3)3 .3.2) .3.3) .3.4) CH3(CH2)3CHO (CH3CH2)2CO .3.5) (CH3)3N CH3NHCH2CH 3 .3.6) (CH3)2CCl2 (CH3)2CHCH2Cl .
11. 11. 11.2 : 11 C4H10 2CH3CH2OH + 2Na 2CH3CH2ONa + H2 2CH3COOH + 2Na 2CH3COONa + H2 CH3COOH + NaHCO3 CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O 2 (-OH)
12. 12. : 12 1) C H , , 2) O 3) N 4) O N
13. 13. CH4 , C2H6 , C2H4 , C2H2 11.3.1 C4H10 (C6H14 , ) (C6H12 , ) (C6H6 , ) 6 KMnO4 (C6H14) 2 KMnO4 (C6H12) 2 KMnO4 (C6H6) 2 KMnO4 11.3 : 13
14. 14. : 14 3 ( ) CO2 H2O CO2 (C6H14) (C6H12) (C6H6)2C6H14 + 19O2 12CO2 + 14H2OC6H12 + 9O2 6CO2 + 6H2O2C6H6 + 15O2 12CO2 + 6H2O 3 > () > () 3
15. 15. : 15 > > 11.3.2 11.3.1 ( () 4 1. (alkane) () () C6H14 1) ( ) 2) () ( KMnO4) ( H ( Br , Cl ) ) (HBr)
16. 16. : 163) () CO2 H2O ( ) (CO) (C) (C)1 CH4 -182.5 -161.52 C2H6 -182.8 -88.63 C3H8 -187.7 -42.14 C4H10 -138.3 -0.55 C5H12 -129.7 36.16 C6H14 -95.3 68.77 C7H16 -90.6 98.48 C8H18 -56.8 125.710 C10H22 -29.7 174.112 C12H26 -9.6 216.314 C14H30 5.8 253.516 C16H34 18.2 286.818 C18H38 28.5 316.320 C20H42 36.4 343.04) C 5) 1-4 (/ 25 C) 5-16 ( 25 C 25 C 18-20 (/ 25 C )6) Cn H2n+2 CH4 , C2H6 , C3H8 , C4H10 , C6H14
17. 17. : 17 IUPAC (-ane)1 (meth-) 6 (hex-)2 (eth-) 7 (hept-)3 (prop-) 8 (oct-)4 (but-) 9 (non-)5 (pent-) 10 (dec-) 1 ( -yl ) 1 (methane) CH4 - CH3 (methyl)2 (ethane) CH3 CH3 - CH2 CH3 (ethyl)3 (propane) CH3 CH2 CH3 - CH2 CH2 CH3 (propyl)4 (butane) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 - CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 (butyl)5 (pentane) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 - CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 (pentyl) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 (pentane) 1) (
18. 18. 2) 3) (di) = 2 , (tri) = 3 , (tetra) = 4 2 3 4 : C 1 2 - (iso-) : 18
19. 19. 1) Isopentane2) 2-methylpentane3) 2,2,4,- trimethylpentane4) 4-ethyl-2,2-dimethyloctane5)6)7) : 19
20. 20. 3 1) CnH2n 2) 3) 4) : 20
21. 21. 1,5-dimethyl 2-ethylcycloheptaneethylcyclohexane1- ethyl 2 methylcyclohexane3-cyclopentyl-2,5-dimethylhexane : 21 1) 2) 3) (LPG)4) 5) 6) 7) 1) 2)
22. 22. 2. (alkene) : 22 () C6H12 1 1 1) ( 1 ) 2) () ( ) 3) (KMnO4) (IV) 4) () CO2 H2O C2H4 (g) + 3O2 (g) 2CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)C4H8 (g) + 6O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 4H2O (g)5) ()6) 2-4 (/ 25 C) 5-8 ( 25 C 25 C (/ 25 C )7) Cn H2n C2H14 , C3H6 , C4H8 , C6H12
23. 23. IUPAC () (-ene) CH2 = CH2 CH2 = CHCH3 1 2 3 4CH2 = CH CH2CH3 1 - 1 2 3 4 5 6CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH2 CH3 2 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 CH2 CH3 3 (-ene) 1 (-ene) 2 (-diene) : 23
24. 24. : 24 ( ) 3 2 (cis-) (trans-) - 2 - 2 2 2
25. 25. 1)2)3)4)5) 3-ethyl-3-heptene6) Trans-2-pentene7) 3-ethyl-2-methyl-1-hexene8) 2,2,,5,5-tetramethyl-3-hexene9) cis-2,3-diethyl-2-butene10) 3-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-butadiene : 25
26. 26. : 26 1) CnH2n-2 ( 1 )2) 3) 4) 1)2)3)4)5)6) 3-ethyl-2-methylcyclohexene3 - methylcyclohexene1,3 - dimethylcyclohexene3-ethyl-5-methylcyclohexene1-chlorocyclohexene1,2- dibromocycloheptene 1) ( ) 2) 3)
27. 27. 3. (alkyne) 1) 2) 1 2 2 CnH2n-23) (C) (C)2 C2H2 80.8* -84.0**3 C3H4 -102.7 -23.24 1- C4H6 -125.7 8.05 1- C5H8 -105.7 40.26 1- C6H10 -131.9 71.37 1- C7H12 -81.0 99.78 1- C8H14 -79.3 125.2* ** 4) 5) 1 2 : 27
28. 28. 6) - (-yne) 1)2)3)4)5) 2,2,5,5-tetramehyl-3-hexyne6)7) 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentyne8) 4,4-dimethyl-7,7-dichloro-1-decyne : 28
29. 29. : 29 CnH2n-4 1 2,4 diethylcycloctyne3,3,6,6-tetracyclohexynedifluorocyclopropyne2,5-dimethyl-2-ethylcyclohexyne cyclohexyne1) ( ) 3,000
30. 30. 4. (Aromatic hydrocarbon) : 30 6 11.3.1 ( ) C 6 C H 1 C 6 139 C (154 pm) (134pm) (C6H6) H 1 (Aryl group) Ar ArH
31. 31. : 31 (C)(C) C6H65.5 80.1 C10H880.3 217.9 C14H10216.0 340.0 C14H1099.2 340.0 1) CnH2n-62) 3) (C6H6) (benzene) C 6 () ()
32. 32. : 32 IUPAC ( : ) IUPAC chlorobenzene1,3-dichlorobenzene1-ethyl 2,4 - dimethylbenzene2-fluoro-1,3-dimethylbenzene1,3-diethylbenzene
33. 33. 11.4 O : 33 1 C H () 2 O 1. (alcohol) (-OH) ( H 1 ) R-OH ( R ) 20 C (0C) 20C(g/