C s ph phn t v

ng dng trong phn tch vt cht

TRNG I HC M - A CHT KHOA DU KH

B MN LC HA DU

TRNH BY C S PH PHN T V NG DNG TRONG PHN TCH VT CHT

1.KIM THANH H 2.NGUYN NGC HIU 3.NG NGC HIN

Nhm sinh vin thc hin

Gio vin hng dn : TS.TNG TH THANH HNG

1# bn cht s hnh thnh thnh ph phn t

2# Mt s ng dng trong phn tch vt cht

ngha

Ni dung

S HNH THNH PH PHN T

ng dng ph phn t

V d phn tch ph phn t

S hnh thnh ph phn t

1.S bc x in t v trng thi nng lng ca phn t

2.Cc phng php ph hp th phn t

3.nh lut Lambert beer

4.Biu din ph hp th phn t

S hnh thnh ph phn t

1.S bc x in t v trng thi nng lng ca phn t

2.Cc phng php ph hp th phn t

3.nh lut Lambert beer

4.Biu din ph hp th phn t

Phn t tn ti nhiu chuyn ng

Chuyn ng ca cc phn t quay ht nhn Chuyn ng tun hon ca cc ht nhn vi

nhau. Chuyn ng thay i hng ton phn.

S thay i trng thi lng t ca phn t s dn n s bin thin nng lng

Phn t ch tn ti trong trng thi kch thch trong khong thi gian rt ngn (10-6 -10-9 ) v quay tr li

trng thi ban u.

Q u t r n h p h t x Qu trnh mt phn t chuyn trng thi lng t cao hn sang thp hn v thot

ra mt photon

Qu trnh hp th Qu trnh mt phn t chuyn t trng thi lng t thp hn sang cao hn v

hp th mt photon

Q u t r n h p h t x Qu trnh mt phn t chuyn trng thi lng t cao hn sang thp hn v thot

ra mt photon

Qu trnh hp th Qu trnh mt phn t chuyn t trng thi lng t thp hn sang cao hn v

hp th mt photon

= Ecao - Ethp = h.

E = 0: nng lng phn t khng thay i khi tng tc vi bc x in t.

E > 0: phn t hp th nng lng. E < 0: phn t bc x nng lng

Nng lng c phn t lu gi di ba dng quay, dao ng v in t

= quay + dao ng +in t

hin tng bc xa in t ca phn t gy nn cc bc chuyn nng lng quay, dao

ng v in t ca phn t l ngun gc

ca cc loi ph hp th

S hnh thnh ph phn t

1.S bc x in t v trng thi nng lng ca phn t

2.Cc phng php ph hp th phn t

3.nh lut Lambert beer

4.Biu din ph hp th phn t

= h.

= quay + dao ng +in t

Mi bc x in t c mt tn s ring gi l tn s quay q, tn s dao ng d v tn

s kch thch in t e.

Hin tng bc x in t ca phn t hnh thnh m ph c

tn s xc nh

Ph quay

Ph dao ng quay

Ph in t - dao ng quay.

Ph quay Hp th trong vng vi sng hay vng hng ngoi xa lm thay i trng thi quay Ph quay thun ty gm cc vch rt xt nhau v cch u

nhau vi tn s : q =

Ph dao ng - quay Hp th bc x vng hng ngoi gn, trng thi dao ng b kch thch (trng thi electron vn khng i) Ph quay-dao ng-in t Hp th bc x c nng lng ln hn nh cc bc x kh kin hay bc x t ngoi

Ph quay Hp th trong vng vi sng hay vng hng ngoi xa lm thay i trng thi quay Ph quay thun ty gm cc vch rt xt nhau v cch u

nhau vi tn s : q =

Ph quay Hp th trong vng vi sng hay vng hng ngoi xa lm thay i trng thi quay Ph quay thun ty gm cc vch rt xt nhau v cch u

nhau vi tn s : q =

Ph dao ng - quay Hp th bc x vng hng ngoi gn, trng thi dao ng

b kch thch . d =

(trng thi electron vn khng i)

V d > > q nn cng vi s bin thin nng lng dao ng lun c bin thin nng lng quay. Ph ta thu c cc m vch vi tn s

= q + q Ph dao ng - quay ( ph dao ng hay ph hng ngoi ).

Ph quay Hp th trong vng vi sng hay vng hng ngoi xa lm thay i trng thi quay Ph quay thun ty gm cc vch rt xt nhau v cch u

nhau vi tn s : q =

Ph dao ng - quay Hp th bc x vng hng ngoi gn, trng thi dao ng b kch thch (trng thi electron vn khng i) Ph quay-dao ng-in t Hp th bc x c nng lng ln hn nh cc bc x kh kin

hay bc x t ngoi . e =

S thay i trng thi electron lun c s thay i trng thi dao ng v trng thi quay nn ta s thu c m vch vi tn s

= q + q + e Ph hp th electron hay ph electron (ph t ngoi kh kin ).

Ph quay Hp th trong vng vi sng hay vng hng ngoi xa lm thay i trng thi quay Ph quay thun ty gm cc vch rt xt nhau v cch u

nhau vi tn s : q =

Ph dao ng - quay Hp th bc x vng hng ngoi gn, trng thi dao ng b kch thch (trng thi electron vn khng i) Ph quay-dao ng-in t Hp th bc x c nng lng ln hn nh cc bc x kh kin hay bc x t ngoi

S hnh thnh ph phn t

1.S bc x in t v trng thi nng lng ca phn t

2.Cc phng php ph hp th phn t

3.nh lut Lambert beer

4.Biu din ph hp th phn t

3# nh lut Lambert beer

C s s dng ph hng ngoi v ph t ngoi -kh kin

Vi hai tia sng c cng nng lng nhng c cng sng khc nhau :

truyn qua : T= I/Io .100%. hp th :A= (Io I )/ Io .100%.

aaaaaa

T v A Ph thuc vo bn cht ca cht ha tan . chiu dy d ca lp mng v nng C ca dung dch . Biu theo cng thc:

gi l h s hp th, C c tnh bng mol/l, d tnh bng cm v D l mt quang

Note :Phng trnh trn ch ng vi tia n sc

Trn trc tung: A, D, , lg , T Trn trc honh: tn s bc x , s

sng , bc sng bc x kch thch .

Xy dng th t nh lut Lambert - Beer

S ph thuc ca D vo bc sng: D . = f( . )

Vi cng mt cht nhng vi cc tia sng khc nhau

s cho cc ng th khc nhau. Dng phng trnh ny phn tch nh lng

S ph thuc ca h s hp th vo chiu di ca bc sng kch thch

Hai ng biu din ny dng phn tch cu to ca cc hp cht

S hnh thnh ph phn t

1.S bc x in t v trng thi nng lng ca phn t

2.Cc phng php ph hp th phn t

3.nh lut Lambert beer

4.Biu din ph hp th phn t

Ph hng ngoi

t

ruy

n q

ua

(%)

Bc sng

Ph thng c ghi di dng th hin s ph thuc ca % truyn qua vo s sng ( hoc bc sng ) ca bc x

Ph t ngoi kh kin

H

s

hp

th

m

ol

Bc sng

Th hin s ph thuc ca mt quang D (A) vo bc sng ( hoc s sng )

so snh gia cc cht , gia cc cu to khc nhau th ph d th hin s ph thuc ca h s hp th mol (hoc lg ) vo bc sng.

Ni dung

S HNH THNH PH PHN T

ng dng ph phn t

V d phn tch ph phn t

S dng ph hng ngoi v Ph t ngoi kh kin trong phn tch vt cht

ng dng ca ph phn t

# Phng php ph t ngoi - kh kin # C ngha quan trng trong phn tch nh tnh,

phn tch cu trc phn t v phn tch nh lng

u im ca ph t ngoi kh kin Kh nng p dng rng Phn ln cc cht hu c, v c, ha sinh hp th trc tip v hp th khng trc tip. Khong 90% cc phn tch trong phng th nghim bnh vin.

nhy cao Gii hn d trong khong 10-4 n 10-5M ,c th c m rng n 10-6 thm ch 10-7 M vi nhng th tc b sung.

chn lc t trung bnh n cao

C th hp th mt cht m khng phi tch khi hn hp.

chnh xc cao Sai s nm trong khong 1-5%.

u im ca ph t ngoi kh kin

Kh nng p dng rng Phn ln cc cht hu c, v c, ha sinh hp th trc tip v hp th khng trc tip. Khong 90% cc phn tch trong phng th nghim , bnh vin

Cht hp th trc tip Nhng nhm chc mang mu hu c.

Mt s cht v nh nhng ion kim loi chuyn tip mang mu trong dung dch nh Cu2+,Ni2+hoc cc ion MnO4-,

Cr2O72-

Cht khng hp th trc tip Cht hay ion v d ion kim loi khng hp th trc tip

hoc hp thu vi cng yu. Thm cc thuc th v c, thit lp mi trng thch hp chuyn ton b cht hoc ion phn tch v dng

phc c th hp th trc tip.

Cht hp th trc tip Nhng nhm chc mang mu hu c.

Mt s cht v nh nhng ion kim loi chuyn tip mang mu trong dung dch nh Cu2+,Ni2+hoc cc ion MnO4-,

Cr2O72-

Cht khng hp th trc tip Cht hay ion v d ion kim loi khng hp th trc tip

hoc hp thu vi cng yu. Thm cc thuc th v c, thit lp mi trng thch hp chuyn ton b cht hoc ion phn tch v dng

phc c th hp th trc tip

u im ca ph t ngoi kh kin Kh nng p dng rng Phn ln cc cht hu c, v c, ha sinh hp th trc tip v hp th khng trc tip. Khong 90% cc phn tch trong phng th nghim bnh vin.

nhy cao Gii hn d trong khong 10-4 n 10-5M ,c th c m rng n 10-6 thm ch 10-7 M vi nhng th tc b sung.

chn lc t trung bnh n cao

C th hp th mt cht m khng phi tch khi hn hp.

chnh xc cao Sai s nm trong khong 1-5%.

u im ca ph t ngoi kh kin Kh nng p dng rng Phn ln cc cht hu c, v c, ha sinh hp th trc tip v hp th khng trc tip. Khong 90% cc phn tch trong phng th nghim bnh vin.

nhy cao Gii hn d trong khong 10-4 n 10-5M ,c th c m rng n 10-6 thm ch 10-7 M vi nhng th tc b sung.

chn lc t trung bnh n cao

C th hp th mt cht m khng phi tch khi hn hp.

chnh xc cao Sai s nm trong khong 1-5%.

u im ca ph t ngoi kh kin Kh nng p dng rng Phn ln cc cht hu c, v c, ha sinh hp th trc tip v hp th khng trc tip. Khong 90% cc phn tch trong phng th nghim bnh vin.

nhy cao Gii hn d trong khong 10-4 n 10-5M ,c th c m rng n 10-6 thm ch 10-7 M vi nhng th tc b sung.

chn lc t trung bnh n cao

C th hp th mt cht m khng phi tch khi hn hp.

chnh xc cao Sai s nm trong khong 1-5%.

u im ca ph t ngoi kh kin Kh nng p dng rng Phn ln cc cht hu c, v c, ha sinh hp th trc tip v hp th khng trc tip. Khong 90% cc phn tch trong phng th nghim bnh vin.

nhy cao Gii hn d trong khong 10-4 n 10-5M ,c th c m rng n 10-6 thm ch 10-7 M vi nhng th tc b sung.

chn lc t trung bnh n cao

C th hp th mt cht m khng phi tch khi hn hp.

chnh xc cao Sai s nm trong khong 1-5%.

u im ca ph t ngoi kh kin Kh nng p dng rng Phn ln cc cht hu c, v c, ha sinh hp th trc tip v hp th khng trc tip. Khong 90% cc phn tch trong phng th nghim bnh vin.

nhy cao Gii hn d trong khong 10-4 n 10-5M ,c th c m rng n 10-6 thm ch 10-7 M vi nhng th tc b sung.

chn lc t trung bnh n cao

C th hp th mt cht m khng phi tch khi hn hp.

chnh xc cao Sai s nm trong khong 1-5%.

Mt s ng dng khc

Xc nh hng s cn bng, hng s phn

li v nghin cu ng. L c s ca phng php o quang ,

ng dng trong nhiu ngnh: dc , luyn kim , a cht, nng nghip.

L phng php h tr quan trng cho ph hng ngoi v cng hng t ht nhn ng nht cc cht.

Ph hng ngoi

ng nht cc cht S liu cho kt qu ng nht, qu trnh ng nht l so snh ph ca cht nghin cu vi ph chun.

Xc nh cu trc phn t Cc nhm chc trong phn t v c tnh ca lin kt cng nh cu trc v v tr cc nhm th trong hp cht.

Phn tch nh lng Km chnh xc hn so vi cc phng php khc (nh ph t ngoi kh kin UV-Vis). Phn tch dung dch kt qu chnh xc hn so vi mu dng rn.

Ph hng ngoi

ng nht cc cht S liu cho kt qu ng nht, qu trnh ng nht l so snh ph ca cht nghin cu vi ph chun.

Ph chun

L cc tn s ,nhng tn s ny c xc nh bi cc nh khoa hc v c

a vo bng tra cu.

Ph hng ngoi

ng nht cc cht S liu cho kt qu ng nht, qu trnh ng nht l so snh ph ca cht nghin cu vi ph chun.

Xc nh cu trc phn t Cc nhm chc trong phn t v c tnh ca lin kt cng nh cu trc v v tr cc nhm th trong hp cht.

Phn tch nh lng Km chnh xc hn so vi cc phng php khc (nh ph t ngoi kh kin UV-Vis). Phn tch dung dch kt qu chnh xc hn so vi mu dng rn.

Ph hng ngoi

ng nht cc cht S liu cho kt qu ng nht, qu trnh ng nht l so snh ph ca cht nghin cu vi ph chun.

Xc nh cu trc phn t Cc nhm chc trong phn t v c tnh ca lin kt cng nh cu trc v v tr cc nhm th trong hp cht.

Phn tch nh lng Km chnh xc hn so vi cc phng php khc (nh ph t ngoi kh kin UV-Vis). Phn tch dung dch kt qu chnh xc hn so vi mu dng rn.

Ph hng ngoi

ng nht cc cht S liu cho kt qu ng nht, qu trnh ng nht l so snh ph ca cht nghin cu vi ph chun.

Xc nh cu trc phn t Cc nhm chc trong phn t v c tnh ca lin kt cng nh cu trc v v tr cc nhm th trong hp cht.

Phn tch nh lng Km chnh xc hn so vi cc phng php khc (nh ph t ngoi kh kin UV-Vis). Phn tch dung dch kt qu chnh xc hn so vi mu dng rn.

Ni dung

S HNH THNH PH PHN T

ng dng ph phn t

V d phn tch ph phn t

V d v v phn tch ph

Xt mt v d vi ph hng ngoi

1

Ghi cc vng ph (chn peak), (nh peak). Ch cc peak c trng: c im (nh kp, mnh v rng, yu v hep, nhn v hp, chn rng ... )

Cc bc tin hnh

2 T cng thc phn t, d on c th cha dao ng ca nhng nhm cha no?

Cc peak ca ph c th ng vi dao ng ca nhng nhm chc no? 3

i chiu 4

Ph hng ngoi hexanoic acid

HT RI

Cm n c v cc bn lng nghe v theo di.