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FreeBSDFreeBSD
Nik Clayton Nik Clayton [email protected]@FreeBSD.org [email protected]@crf-consulting.co.uk
[email protected]@slashdot.org
FreeBSD in a nutshellFreeBSD in a nutshell
• Open Source (free) Unix operating system• Runs on IA32, IA64, AMD-Hammer, Alpha,
Sparc, PPC• Supports wide range of peripherals• 1000’s of software packages available• Many commercial users• Thousands of developers around the world
contributing to it• Core component of many embedded
systems
Why the demon?Why the demon?
• It’s a “daemon”, not a demon
• Greek “daemons” were neutral spirits that fetched and carried
• Geek “daemons” are programs that continuously run, doing useful things– Serving web pages– Shuttling e-mail back and
forth– Handling print requests
• httpd, named, lpd, et al
FreeBSD is UnixFreeBSD is Unix
• To all intents and purposes, FreeBSD is Unix™• Multitasking• Multiuser• Emphasis on command line tools• Network ready and remotely accessible• Terse, cryptic, but very, very, powerful :-)
“Unix is a nice place to live, but you wouldn’t want to visit”
“Unix does not stop you doing stupid things, because that would also stop you doing clever
things”
FreeBSD HistoryFreeBSD History
1969 Work begins on Unix at AT&T Bell Labs1971 Unix, First Edition1972 “The number of Unix installations has grown
to 10, with more expected” , Dennis Ritchie1973 Unix re-written in C1975 Unix, Sixth Edition. First version widely
available outside AT&T1976 1BSD, based on Sixth Edition. Bill Joy coins
the term“Berkeley Software Distribution”
1979 3BSD. Unix gets Virtual Memory1984 4.2BSD. First deployment of TCP/IP in the
world1991 4.3BSD NET/2
FreeBSD HistoryFreeBSD History
1992 386BSD 0.1, based on 4.3/NET21993 FreeBSD 1.01995 FreeBSD 2.01998 FreeBSD 3.02000 FreeBSD 4.02001 FreeBSD 4.42002 FreeBSD 5.0
Places you’ll find Places you’ll find FreeBSDFreeBSD
• Powering websites– Yahoo– VA Linux / OSDN /
Slashdot– Netcraft
• “Grunt work”– Disney– Manex VFX– NASA
• ISPs– UUNet, Pair, Demon,
EasyNet, …
• Embedded Systems– IBM– Intel– Nokia– Checkpoint– Juniper Networks– Coyote
• Other operating systems– Mac OS X
FreeBSD is a FreeBSD is a complete OScomplete OS
• FreeBSD consists of all the components needed for a complete operating system– kernel– compiler– include files– libraries– user-land utilities
• Kernel and user-land are kept synchronised, and can be built, from source, as a unit
Technology supportTechnology support
• Networking– IPv4, IPv6, IPSec, SSL
• Firewall– NAT– Filtering, Proxying, and
Caching– VPN
• Infrastructure– DNS– DHCP (client and server)
• Telephony– PPP (dial-in, dial-out)– Fax (send/receive)
• Printing– Postscript– Network printing
• File sharing– NFS– SMB/CIFS– Appletalk
• E-mail– SMTP, POP3, IMAP,
Webmail
• Web– HTTP
BenchmarksBenchmarks
• This space for rent
Third Party PackagesThird Party Packages
• 5,800+ applications available as binary packages
• Linux has similar number of applications available in a number of different binary formats (RPM, Deb, and others, depending on the distribution).
• Packages are built from the “ports tree”• Ports tree is a mechanism that automates
the process of downloading, checksumming, unpacking, patching, configuring, building, and installing new software
Ports Tree GrowthPorts Tree Growth
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Today
Development Development OrganisationOrganisation
• Two layers of FreeBSD organisation• The committers, and everyone else• Committers have write access to the
source tree• Everyone else submits patches or bug
reports using FreeBSD's problem reporting system, and waits for a committer to commit the change
• Individuals who submit many patches (that work) are invited to become committers
• 9 committers form the elected "core team", for dispute resolution
Development Development OrganisationOrganisation
SourceSourcecodecode
9 core team
Thousands of contributorsThousands of contributors
280+ committers280+ committers
FreeBSD Licensing FreeBSD Licensing ModelModel
• FreeBSD distributed under "2 clause" BSD license
• Copyright © [year] [name]All rights reservedRedistribution in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted, provided that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistribution of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions, and the disclaimer.2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS", AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED LIMITED WARANTIES...
FreeBSD Licensing FreeBSD Licensing ModelModel
• Don't claim that you wrote the code• Don't blame us if the code doesn't
work• Apart from that, do anything you
want with the code
The GPL and BSD The GPL and BSD LicensesLicenses
• The GPL mandates that source code be disclosed
• The BSD License allows source code changes to be kept secret
• GPL is often categorised as "Copyleft", as distinct from "Copyright"
• BSD License is "Copycentre". We actively encourage third parties to use the source code.
• Donating changes back is purely at the discretion of the party making the changes
Source Code ControlSource Code Control
• The entire source code for FreeBSD is stored in a CVS repository
• The logs, and individual changes for each file can be traced back to 1994.
• The source tree can be checked out at any state, or corresponding to any release
• CDs are available taking the history back a further 25 years
Source Code ControlSource Code Control
• Changes to the FreeBSD tree are available in a number of ways (CVS, CVSup, CTM (e-mail), Web)
• It is possible to maintain a local mirror of the complete CVS tree
• You can 'tag' a local copy of the tree as buildable, and then selectively include changes from FreeBSD
FreeBSD Release FreeBSD Release ModelModel
• FreeBSD releases maintained using CVS branches
• Head of the tree (-current) will become FreeBSD 5.0
• Last major release (4.0) was branched (-stable)• Subsequent minor releases (4.1, 4.2, etc)
consist of bug fixes backported from -current, and new features in -current that have been extensively tested
• Everyone has complete access to the source code at all times, so incremental releases are not a "Flag day"
FreeBSD Release FreeBSD Release ModelModel
March 2000,FreeBSD 4.0
FreeBSD Release FreeBSD Release ModelModel
FreeBSD-Current (will become 5.0)
March 2000,FreeBSD 4.0
FreeBSD-Stable
4.2, November 20004.1.1, September 2000 (crypto)
4.1, July 2000
4.3, April 20014.4, September 2001
Source Code Source Code DistributionDistribution
• FreeBSD Source Code– Available on CD and DVD– Can be downloaded from ftp.freebsd.org– Install using two floppy disks, or download ISO
images and burn your own CDs
• Changes to the source code– Can be updated using CVS– Can be updated using CVSup (faster CVS)
• Can be browsed, with history, on the web, at http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi
Linux CompatabilityLinux Compatability
• Oracle• Netscape• RealPlayer• Flash• NetBackup• Quake III
• Halflife servers• Adobe Acrobat• StarOffice• VMWare• DivX• Opera
• FreeBSD is binary compatible with most Linux applications• No speed penalty, and in many cases, Linux apps run faster
Sample DeploymentSample Deployment
Ethernet
The Internet
Ethernet
Printer
Modem Tapedrive
Faxmodem
ShareShareShare Email
Win95Desktop
Server
Laptop
Win2KDesktop
WinNTDesktop
Win98Desktop
Web Server
Gateway
FTP Server
Gateway
Mail Server
Firewall
The Internet
VPN Gateway
VPN Configuration
Public IP: A.B.C.DPrivate IP: 192.168.1.1
VPN Gateway
VPN Configuration
Public IP: W.X.Y.ZPrivate IP: 192.168.2.1
CATKIN CERES
VPN ConfigurationVPN Configuration
FreeBSD on the FreeBSD on the DesktopDesktop
• GNOME• KDE• StarOffice• Netscape• WordPerfect• VMWare• Acrobat
• GIMP• CD burning• MP3 ripping/playing• Gnutella / Napster /
Limewire• Afterstep /
Enlightenment / Sawfish / BlackBox / IceWM …
• A great server OS is a great desktop OS• FreeBSD runs all the desktop apps you’re familiar
with
Comparisons to LinuxComparisons to Linux
• FreeBSD has a 30+ year code lineage• FreeBSD developed as a complete
unit• A less restrictive license• FreeBSD widely recognised as
performing better, particularly under high load
• Cuter logo :-)
For more informationFor more information
• http://www.freebsd.org/• http://www.bsdconeurope.org/• http://ukug.uk.freebsd.org/• http://www.daemonnews.org/• http://www.slashdot.org/bsd/
