TUGAS AKHIR

ANALISA DAN OPTIMASI PENGATURAN TILTING ANTENA

TERHADAP COVERAGE JARINGAN GSM (GLOBAL SYSTEM

FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS) DI PT INDOSAT TBK

Diajukan guna melengkapi sebagian syarat dalam mencapai gelar

Sarjana Strata Satu (S1)

Disusun Oleh :

Nama : Pandi Indra Kurnia

NIM : 41413110012

Jurusan : Teknik Elektro

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK ELEKTRO

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MERCU BUANA

JAKARTA

2015

v

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT karena berkat rahmat dan karunia-Nya

sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan Tugas Akhir ini.

Tugas Akhir ini berjudul Analisa dan Optimasi Pengaturan Tilting

Antena Terhadap Coverage Jaringan GSM (Global System For Mobile

Communications) di PT Indosat Tbk disusun sebagai salah satu syarat akademik

yang harus dipenuhi dalam menyelesaikan studi untuk memperoleh gelar strata 1

di Fakultas Teknik Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Mercu Buana.

Dalam penulisan Tugas Akhir ini, tentunya masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh

karena itu dalam rangka melengkapi kesempurnaan dari penulisan Tugas Akhir ini

diharapkan adanya saran dan kritik yang diberikan bersifat membangun.

Pada kesempatan yang baik ini, tak lupa penulis menghaturkan terima

kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah memberikan bimbingan, pengarahan,

nasehat dan pemikiran dalam penulisan Tugas Akhir ini, terutama kepada :

1. Bapak Ir. Yudhi Gunardi, M.T selaku Kepala Program Studi Teknik Elektro.

2. Ibu Dian Widi Astuti, S.T, M.T selaku Pembimbing yang telah memberikan

bimbingan penulisan selama penyusunan Tugas Akhir ini.

3. Orang tua, saudara-saudaraku, seluruh teman dan sahabat-sahabatku yang

selalu memberikan dorongan dan masukan serta bantuan baik moril maupun

materil yang tak ternilai harganya.

vi

Akhir kata, besar harapan Tugas Akhir ini dapat memberikan sumbangan

dan manfaat bagi pihak-pihak yang berkenan membacanya.

Jakarta, Januari 2015

Penulis

vii

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ........................................................................ ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................ iii

ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... iv

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... v

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR GRAFIK ........................................................................................ xiv

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................ xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................... 1

1.2 Perumusan Masalah ................................................................ 2

1.3 Batasan Masalah ...................................................................... 3

1.4 Tujuan Penulisan ..................................................................... 3

1.5 Metode Penulisan .................................................................... 4

1.6 Sistematika Penulisan............................................................... 4

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ................................................................. 6

2.1 Arsitektur Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 6

2.1.1 Mobile Station (MS) ..................................................... 8

2.1.2 Base Station System (BSS) ........................................... 9

2.1.3 Network Switching System (NSS) ................................ 11

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2.1.3 Operation and Support System (OSS).......................... 15

2.2 Antena ...................................................................................... 16

2.2.1 Pola Radiasi Antena ...................................................... 18

2.2.2 Polarisasi Antena .......................................................... 20

2.2.3 Gain Antena .................................................................. 21

2.2.4 Jenis Antena Untuk Base Station ............................... 22

2.3 Path loss ................................................................................... 24

2.4 Model Propagasi ..................................................................... 26

2.4.1 Model Okumura – Hatta .............................................. 27

2.5 Perhitungan Link Budget ......................................................... 28

2.5.1 Perhitungan EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) 28

2.5.2 Perhitungan RSCP (Received Signal Code Power) ... 29

2.5.3 Perhitungan Power Transmit BTS ............................ 30

2.6 Jarak Cakupan Sinyal Antena ................................................... 31

2.5 Optimasi Jaringan...................................................................... 32

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN .................................................... 36

3.1 Diagram Alir ............................................................................ 36

3.1.1 Kondisi Geografis ........................................................ 39

3.1.2 Spesifikasi BTS ............................................................ 40

3.2 Peralatan Monitoring Kinerja BTS .......................................... 40

3.2.1 Perangkat Lunak (Software) ......................................... 41

3.2.1.1 Key Performance Indicator (KPI) ................. 42

3.2.2 Perangkat Keras (Hardware) ....................................... 45

3.2.2.1 Pengukuran dengan Drive Test ................... 49

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3.3 Hardware Parameter ................................................................ 50

3.3.1 Azimuth Antena ............................................................ 50

3.3.2 Tilting Antena .............................................................. 51

3.3.2.1 Mechanical Tilting ........................................ 52

3.3.2.2 Electrical Tilting ............................................ 55

3.4 Kathrein Scala Division ........................................................... 57

BAB IV ANALISA DAN HASIL OPTIMASI………………… ................ 60

4.1 Analisa Tilting Antena ............................................................. 60

4.1.1 Perhitungan Jarak [R] Tercakup oleh Antena .............. 60

4.1.2 Perhitungan Cakupan Sinyal ........................................ 63

4.1.3 Analisis Perhitungan Cakupan Sinyal Berdasarkan

Jarak ( R) ..................................................................... 69

4.2 Analisa Perhitungan Azimuth ................................................... 75

4.3 Hasil Pengukuran Drive Test ................................................... 77

4.3.1 Drive Test Sebelum Optimasi ...................................... 77

4.3.2 Drive Test Setelah Optimasi ........................................ 79

4.4 Analisa Link Budget untuk Power Maksimal.......................... 80

4.4.1 Perhitungan Power Link Budget Secara Matematis ..... 80

4.4.2 Perhitungan Power Link budget di Lapangan .............. 84

4.5 Hubungan Antara Tilting, Tinggi Antena, Jarak dan Pene-

-rimaan Sinyal .......................................................................... 86

4.6 Hasil Performansi Optimasi Jaringan....................................... 89

4.6.1 Performansi Call Drop Rate (CDR) ............................. 89

4.6.2 Performansi SDCCH Drop Rate .................................. 90

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BAB V PENUTUP………………… ............................................................ 92

5.1 Kesimpulan……. ..................................................................... 92

5.2 Saran…………………….. ....................................................... 93

DAFTAR PUSTAKA…………………….. ................................................... 94

LAMPIRAN…………………….. .................................................................. 96

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DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman

Tabel 3.1 Spesifikasi Umum BTS .................................................................. 40

Tabel 3.2 Data Performansi CDR dan SDCCH Drop Rate Week-42 ............ 45

Tabel 4.1 Perhitungan Jarak [R] yang dapat dicakup antena dengan hB =

30 meter .......................................................................................... 61

Tabel 4.2 Hasil Perhitungan [R] dengan hB = 30 meter dan 36 meter ........... 62

Tabel 4.3 Perhitungan Cakupan Sinyal .......................................................... 64

Tabel 4.4 Hasil Perhitungan Jarak Cakupan Sinyal dengan hB = 30 meter .... 67

Tabel 4.5 Hasil Perhitungan Jarak Cakupan Sinyal dengan hB = 36 meter .... 68

Tabel 4.6 Peningkatan Performasi Jaringan Sebelum dan Sesudah Tilting ... 74

Tabel 4.7 Estimasi Drop Rate Jaringan Sebelum dan Sesudah Tilting .......... 75

Tabel 4.8 Rx Level dan Rx Qual Sebelum Optimasi ..................................... 78

Tabel 4.9 Rx Level dan Rx Qual Setelah optimasi ........................................ 79

Tabel 4.10 Spesifikasi Link Budget .................................................................. 80

Tabel 4.11 Power Link Budget dengan Pengukuran dan Perhitungan ............. 86

Tabel 4.12 Perbandingan Tilting , Jarak dan Rx Level ( hB=30 m) ................. 87

Tabel 4.13 Perbandingan Tilting , Jarak dan Rx Level ( hB=36 m) ................. 87

xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman

Gambar 2.1 Arsitektur Jaringan GSM ........................................................... 7

Gambar 2.2 Komponen dari MS .................................................................... 8

Gambar 2.3 Antena sebagai pengirim dan penerima ....................................... 17

Gambar 2.4 Dimensi Pola Radiasi .................................................................. 18

Gambar 2.5 Pola radiasi dari antena .............................................................. 19

Gambar 2.6 Polarisasi Antena ......................................................................... 20

Gambar 2.7 Jenis-jenis Polarisasi Antena ....................................................... 21

Gambar 2.9 Antena Sektoral membagi tiga area ........................................... 23

Gambar 2.10 Antena Sektoral .......................................................................... 24

Gambar 2.11 Parameter Perhitungan Jarak Antena ......................................... 30

Gambar 2.12 Antenna Tilt Angle ...................................................................... 31

Gambar 2.13 Proses Optimasi Jaringan ........................................................... 33

Gambar 3.1 Flow Chart Sistem ..................................................................... 37

Gambar 3.2 Flowchart Perubahan Tilting dan Azimuth ................................. 38

Gambar 3.3 Coverage Area............................................................................ 39

Gambar 3.4 Software Monitoring Kinerja BTS ............................................. 42

Gambar 3.5 Pengukuran Drive Test ............................................................... 50

Gambar 3.6 Pengarahan Horizontal Antena................................................... 51

Gambar 3.7 Tilting Antena ............................................................................. 52

Gambar 3.8 Antena Sebelum tilting ............................................................... 52

Gambar 3.9 Mechanical Tilting ..................................................................... 53

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Gambar 3.10 Tilt Meter ................................................................................... 53

Gambar 3.11 Downtilt ..................................................................................... 53

Gambar 3.12 Perubahan Antena dengan Downtilt Antena ............................. 53

Gambar 3.13 Uptilt.......................................................................................... 55

Gambar 3.14 Perbandingan lobe pada mechanichal dan electrical tilting ..... 56

Gambar 3.15 Bentuk Pola Radiasi Horizontal Electrical Tilting dan Mecha-

-nical Tilting ............................................................................... 57

Gambar 3.16 Kathrein Scala Division ............................................................ 58

Gambar 3.17 Touch Down Points ................................................................... 59

Gambar 4.1 Jarak BTS PALM VIEW sektor 3 ke lokasi pelanggan ............ 69

Gambar 4.2 Perubahan coverage BTS PALM VIEW sektor 2 ..................... 70

Gambar 4.3 Jarak BTS TAMAN SURYA sektor 2 ke lokasi pelanggan ..... 71

Gambar 4.4 Perubahan coverage BTS TAMAN SURYA sektor 2 .............. 72

Gambar 4.5 Jarak BTS PALM LESTARI sektor 2 ke lokasi pelanggan ...... 72

Gambar 4.6 Perubahan coverage BTS PALM LESTARI sektor 2 ............... 74

Gambar 4.7 Koordinat pelanggan saat terjadi dropped call sinyal ............... 76

Gambar 4.8 Perubahan azimuth antena BTS TAMAN SURYA sektor 2..... 77

Gambar 4.9 Hasil Drive Test Sebelum Optimasi .......................................... 78

Gambar 4.10 Hasil Drive Test Setelah Optimasi ............................................ 79

xiv

DAFTAR GRAFIK

Halaman

Grafik 3.1 Performansi KPI dropped Call ..................................................... 44

Grafik 3.2 Performansi KPI SDCCH Drop Rate ........................................... 45

Grafik 4.1 Hubungan Tilting,Jjarak dan Rx Level ......................................... 88

Grafik 4.2 Performansi CDR Setelah Optimasi ............................................. 90

Grafik 4.3 Performansi SDCCH Drop Rate Setelah Optimasi ...................... 91

xv

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

AuC Authentication Centre

BCCH Broadcast Control Channel

BER Bit Error Rate

BSIC Base Station Identity Code

BSS Base Station Subsystem

BSC Base Station Controller

BSIC Base Station Identity Code

BSS Base Station Subsystem

CDR Call Drop Rate

CAT Cell Analysis Tools

CI Cell Identification

COP Cell Optimization Product

CTP Call Trace Product

DL DownLink

EIR Equipment Identify Register

EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power

GLU Generic Lookup Utility

GSM Global System for Mobile communication

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

GPS Global Positioning System

xvi

FM Fading Margin

HLR Home Location Register

HPBW Half Power Beamwidth

IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity

IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity

IN Inteligent Network

ME Mobile Equipment

MMSC Multimedia Messaging Service Centre

MS Mobile Station

MSC Mobile Switching Center

NSS Networking Sub-System

OMC Operations and Maintenance Centre

OMP Operation And Mantainance Proccesor

OMT Operation And Mantainance Terminal

OSS Operations Sub System

PSTN Public Switching Telephone Network

QOS Quality of Service

RSCP Received Signal Code Power

SDCCH Standalone Dedicated Control Channel

SIM Subscriber Indentity Module

SMSC Short Message Service Centre

TRAU Transcoder and Adapter Unit

xvii

VAS Value Added Service

VLR Visitor Location Register