DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT

WASHIM 2018-2019

FOR

SAND MINING AND MINOR MINERALS

PREPARED BY

DISTRICT MINING OFFICE

WASHIM

Prepared under

A) Appendix –X of MoEFCC, GOI notification S.O. 141(E) dated 15.1.2016

B) Sustainable Sand Mining Guidelines

C) MoEFCC, GOI notification S.O. 3611(E) dated 25.07.2018

INDEX

Sr. No DESCRIPTION

1 INTRODUCTION

2 GENERAL PROFILE

3 GEOMORPHOLOGY

4 LANDUSE

5 SOIL TYPE

6 PRINCIPAL CROPS

7 OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITY

8 HYDROGEOLOGY

9 LIST OF THE MINING LEASES IN THE DISTRICT WITH

LOCATION, AREA AND PERIOD OF VALIDITY

10 DETAILS OF AVAILABLE SAND MINING IN DISTRICT

WASHIM

11 THE LIST OF MINING LEASES (MINOR MINERALS) IN THE

DISTRICT WITH LOCATION, AREA AND PERIOD OF

VALIDITY

12 DETAIL OF ROYALTY/REVENUE RECEIVED IN LAST

THREE YEARS FROM MINOR MINERAL ACTIVITY

13 DETAIL OF ROYALTY/REVENUE RECEIVED IN LAST

THREE YEARS FROM SAND ACTIVITY

14 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

OF THE DISTRICT

15 METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF RESERVES

16 REPLENSHMENT OF THE AREA

PREFACE

Preface In compliance to the Notification Issued by the Ministry of

Environment, Forest and Climate Change dated 15th January, 2016, the

preparation of District Survey Report of River bed mining sand other

minor minerals is in accordance appendix X of the notification. It is also

mentioned here that the procedure of preparation of District Survey

Report is as per notification guidelines. Every effort have been made to

cover sand mining location, area and overview of mining activity in the

district with all its relevant features pertaining to geology and mineral

wealth in replenishable and non-replenishable areas of rivers, stream and

other sand sources. This report will be a model and guiding document

which is a compendium of available mineral resources, geographical set

up, environmental and ecological set up of the district and is based on

data of various departments, published reports, and websites. The data

may vary due to floods, heavy rains and other natural calamities.

Therefore, it is recommended that Sub divisional Level Committee may

take into consideration all its relevant aspects/data while scrutinizing and

recommending the application for EC to the concerned authority.

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT FOR RIVER SAND MINING

PROJECT DISTRICT – WASHIM

As per Gazette Notification of 15th January 2016 of Ministry of

Environment, Forest and Climate change a Survey shall be carried out

by the District Environment Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA)

with assistance of irrigation department, Drainage department, Forest

department, Mining Department and Revenue department in the district

for preparation of District Survey Report as per the sustainable Sand

Mining can be allowed; and identification of areas of erosion and

proximity to infrastructural structures and installations where mining

should be prohibited and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and

allowing time for replenishment after mining in that area. Every efforts

have been made to cover sand mining locations, areas and overview of

Mining activity in the district with all its relevant features pertaining to

geology and mineral wealth in replenish-able and non-replenish-able

areas of rivers, stream and other sand sources. The mineral potential is

calculated based on field investigation and geology of the catchment

area of the river or streams. Also as per the site conditions and location,

depth of minable mineral is defined. The area for removal of the mineral

in a river or stream is decided depending on geomorphology and other

factors, it can be 50% to 60% of the area of a particular river or stream.

Other constituents like clay and silt are excluded as waste while

calculating the mineral potential of particular river or stream. This

District Survey Report shall form the basis for application for

environment clearance, preparation of reports and appraisal of projects.

The report shall be updated once every five years.

Washim district has constituted District Environmental Impact

Assessment Authority vide letter GAUKHA/KAVI/476-dated

18.08.2016 and comprised as

Sr.

No

Name of the Member/Expert Designation Role

1 District Collector, Washim District Collector, Washim Chairman

2 D.C.F. Akola D.C.F. Akola Member

3 Expert Member Dr Heda Expert Member Mr Heda Member

4 S.D.O Washim S.D.O Washim Member

Secreatary

Sr. No Name of the

Member/Expert

Designation Role

1 Ex. Engineer Irrigation

Dept

Ex. Engineer Chairman

2 D.C.F Akola D.C.F Member

3 Sr.Geologist G.S.D.A Sr.Geologist Member

4 Civil Surgeon Washim Civil Surgeon Member

5 Ex. Engineer Irrigation

Dept Z.P Washim

Ex. Engineer Member

6 Regional Officer M.P.C.B Regional Officer Member

7 PWD Sub Executive Engg Deputy Engg Member

8 Subject Expert Subject Expert Member

9 Subject Expert Subject Expert Member

10 Subject Expert Subject Expert

11 District Mining Officer,

Yavatma

District Mining

Officer

Member

Secretary

INTRODUCTION

Washim is one of the 11 districts of Vidarbha and was carved out

of Akola district on 1st July 1998. It is situated in the north eastern part

of the State abutting Madhya Pradesh and lies between north latitudes

19°61’ and 21°16’ and east longitude 76°07’ and 77°14’ and falls in

parts of Survey of India degree sheets 55 D, 55 H, 56 A and 56 E. The

district has a geographical area of 5140 sq. km.

The district headquarters is located at Washim Town. For

Administrative convenience, the district is divided in 6 talukas viz,

Washim, Karanja, Malegaon, Mangrulpir, Manora and Risod. It has a

total population of 11,97,500 as per 2011 census. The district has 4

Nagar Parishads, 6 Panchayat Samitis and 789 Gram Panchayats. The

district forms part of Godavari and Tapi basin. Penganga River is the

main river flowing through the district.

BRIEF DETAILS OF DISTRICT

GENERAL PROFILE

Geographical Area 5140 sq. km.

Administrative Divisions 06 Talukas viz, Washim, Karanja,

Malegaon, Mangrulpir, Manora

and Risod

Villages 789

Population 11,97,500

Average Annual Rainfall 872 mm to 966 mm

GEOMORPHOLOGY

Major Physiographic unit One Balaghat Plateau

Major Drainage Painganga

LAND USE

Forest Area 355 sq. km.

Net Area Sown 3862 sq. km

Cultivable Area 4178 sq. km

LOCATION OF WASHIM DISTRICT

Yavatmal

Akola District KARANJA

Amravati District

INDIA

MAHARASHTRA STATE

YavatmalDistrictBuldhana

District

Hingoli DistrictDistrict Headquarter

Taluka Headquarter

MALEGAON

MANGRULPIR

MANORA

WASHIM

RISOD

N

YavatmalDistrict

Akola District

Buldhana MALEGAON

MANGRULPIR

KARANJA

GEOLOGY OF WASHIM DISTRICT

Total Area -5153 sq km

Deccan trap-5153 sq km

DECCAN TRAP

TQ BOUNDRY

DistrictBuldhanaDistrict

Hingoli District

District Headquarter

Taluka Headquarter

MALEGAON MANORA

WASHIMRISOD

TAPI

DRAINAGES OF WASHIM DISTRICT

GODAVARI

BASIN MAP OF WASHIM DISTRICT

TAPI

GODAVARI

SOIL TYPE

The soil of the district is basically derived form Deccan Trap

Basalt and major part of the district is occupied by medium black soil of

25-50 cm depth occurring in the plains in entire south western, north

eastern and northern parts of the district, whereas the shallow black soil

of 7.5 to 25 cm depth occur in restricted hilly parts of the district in

central elongated part and the northern peripheral part.

PRINCIPAL CROPS

Soyabean 1701 sq. km.

Cotton 836 sq. km.

Jowar 487 sq. km

Total Pulses 901 sq. km

HYDROGEOLOGY

The entire district is underlain by the Basaltic lava flows of

upper Cretaceous to lower Eocene age. The shallow Alluvial formation

of Recent age also occur as narrow stretch along the major rivers

flowing in the area but it does not play much important role from ground

water point of view.

OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITY

Maharashtra is the sole producer of corundum and is the second

largest producer of manganese ore after Orissa. The principal mineral-

bearing belts in Maharashtra are Vidarbha area in the East and Konkan

area in the West. Important mineral occurrences are bauxite in Kolhapur,

Raigad, Ratnagiri, Satara, Sindhudurg and Thane districts; china clay in

Amravati, Bhandara, Chandrapur, Nagpur, Sindhudurg and Thane

districts; chromite in Bhandara, Chandrapur, Nagpur and Sindhudurg

districts; coal in Nagpur, Chandrapur and Yavatmal districts; dolomite in

Chandrapur, Nagpur and Yavatmal districts; fireclay in Amravati,

Chandrapur, Nagpur and Ratnagiri districts; fluorite and Shale in

Chandrapur district; iron ore (hematite) in Chandrapur, Gadchiroli and

Sindhudurg districts; iron ore (magnetite) in Gondia district; kyanite in

Bhandara and Nagpur districts; laterite in Kolhapur district; limestone in

Ahmednagar, Chandrapur, Dhule, Gadchiroli, Nagpur, Nanded, Sangli

and Yavatmal districts; manganese ore in Bhandara, Nagpur and

Ratnagiri districts; corundum, pyrophyllite and sillimanite in Bhandara

district; quartz and silica sand in Bhandara, Gadchiroli, Gondia,

Kolhapur, Nagpur, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg districts and quartzite in

Gondia and Nagpur districts. Other minerals that occur in the State are

barytes in Chandrapur and Gadchiroli districts; copper in Bhandara,

Chandrapur, Gadchiroli and Nagpur districts; felspar in Sindhudurg

district; gold in Bhandara and Nagpur districts; granite in Bhandra,

Chandrapur, Dhule, Gadchiroli, Nagpur, Nanded, Nasik, Sindhudurg and

Thane districts; graphite in Sindhudurg district; lead-zinc in Nagpur

district; marble in Bhandara and Nagpur districts; ochre and tungsten in

Chandrapur and Nagpur districts; silver and vanadium in Bhandara

district; steatite in Bhandara, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg districts; and

titanium minerals in Gondia and Ratnagiri districts.

LIST OF THE MINING LEASES IN THE DISTRICT WITH

LOCATION, AREA AND PERIOD OF VALIDITY

As per the sand mining and auction policy of Government of

Maharashtra, Sand ghats are identified for deposition by respective

tahsildars and recommended by G.S.D.A. authorities of the district for

mineable depth considering impact of sand scooping on ground water

availability and stream. District Mining Officer who is a Geologist also

resurvey at least 10 % of such recommended sand ghats and complete

further procedures for auction including pricing and approval of

Divisional Commissioner.

Tahsildar at Headquarter is the holder and the project proponent

for the sand ghats. After auction of sand ghats for period specified at

rule 9(A)1 of sand mining and auction policy of Govt. of Maharashtra

dated 03.01.2018, all rights to comply the terms and conditions for

scooping of sand from sand ghats are transferred to Successful Bidder.

DETAILS OF AVAILABLE SAND MINING IN DISTRICT WASHIM

SR.

NO VILLAGE

NAME

TALUKA RIVER

NAME LOCATION OF SAND

GHAT

QUANTITY

IN BRASS

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Kurshna washim Pain Ganga Gut No.212 to 214, 224,

226 to 227, 229, 232,

233, 239 to 240

2544

2 Pangarkh

eda

washim Pain Ganga Gut No.5 4947

3 Ukli Pen washim Pain Ganga Gut No 400, 402, 399,

384, 397/1, 397/2, 398

2968

4 Adgaon

kh

washim Pain Ganga Gut No. 327,328,329 2120

5 Tanka washim Pain Ganga Gut No. 9,10,13 to18,

170to171

8657

6 Sukli washim Pain Ganga Gut no 3to7,14,to19

,226,

2164

7 Jaipur b

Tarodi

washim Pain Ganga Gut No

173,174,176,178,

179 to184,186 to190

7067

8 Nimbalw

adi-A

washim Pain Ganga Gut No 5,7,27to31,38, 7420

9 Nimbalw

adi-B

washim Pain Ganga Gut No 3,4, 68 to 73,75

to78, 81 to 84, 86

8481

10 Atkali-A washim Pain Ganga Gut No. 107 to 111 5547

11 Bhapur Risod Pain Ganga Gut No.

155,157,203,204,

206,207

792

12 Sarapkhe

d

Risod Pain Ganga Gut NO 24,25 1922

13 Dhodap

bk

Risod Pain Ganga Gut No. 232,236,227 989

14 Hivra Pen Risod Pain Ganga Gut No.

141,146,147,162 to 166

1731

15 Linga

Kotwal-K

Risod Pain Ganga Gut No. 4 to11 989

16 Yeoti Risod Pain Ganga Gut No.

299,302,319,324,

336,337,338,339,342,42

0

6184

17 Kinkheda Risod Pain Ganga Gut No.212 to 215 2799

THE LIST OF MINING LEASES (MINOR MINERALS) IN

THE DISTRICT WITH LOCATION, AREA AND PERIOD OF VALIDITY

Sr.

No

Name Of Lease Owner Village Gat

No

Area Lease

Granted

On

Lease up to

Washim Taluka

18 Linga

Kotwal-B

Risod Pain Ganga Gut No. 12to15 848

19 Deulgaon

Banda

Risod Pain Ganga Gut No. 17,18 127

20 Masla

pen –B

Risod Pain Ganga Gut No. 10 to 17 1131

21 Chichmb

a Pen

Risod Pain Ganga Gut No. 332 to 335,259 1131

22 Khadki

Sadar

Risod Pain Ganga Gut No. 86 to 89,90,102 2290

23 Degaon Risod Pain Ganga Gut No. 17 to 21 1696

24 Tandul

wadi

Risod Pain Ganga Gut No. 40,41,42,43,44 871

25 Belkheda Risod Pain Ganga Gut No.

36,37,81,82,83,86

,88,89,270

1484

Total 76899

1 Amrultpalsing Kapoor Tondgaon 292 2.00 31.03.2016 30.03.2021

2 Datta Gote Tondgaon 286 2.00 26.11.2015 25.11.2020

3 Sopan Bhundhe Kondala z. 51 0.80 23.06.2015 22.06.2020

4 Shivandan Gote Tondgaon 289 1.00 04.04.2018 03.04.2023

5 Ananda Choudhary Kalba mahali 235 2.00 07.09.2015 06.09.2020

6 Raman Wanjani Sawargaon B. 197 2.00 25.06.2015 24.06.2020

7 Parmeshwar Idhole Adoli 123 0.40 08.09.2015 07.09.2020

8 Virendra Deshmukh Kata 96/1 1.00 29.09.2015 28.09.2020

9 Nitin Agrawal Tamsala 37/3 2.00 07.09.2015 06.09.2020

10 Ganesh Musale Sawali 14 1.00 18.03.2017 17.03.2022

11 Sandip Satav Ansing 354 1.00 05.10.2010 24.06.2020

12 Vidharbha Con Com. Tamsala 39 4.74 23.06.2017 22.06.2022

13 Vinod Rathod Dudhkheda 90 1.36 15.11.2017 22.06.2022

14 Husen Janiwale Hisseborla 134 0.81 16.12.2017 19.12.2019

15 Prashant Surve Hisseborla 93 1.62 06.11.2018 11.02.2022

16 Jagnath Gote Tondgaon 279 1.35 13.11.2018 11.02.2023

17 Rajesh Rathi Hisseborla 41 1.11 07.01.2019 02.09.2023

18 Santosh Gote Tondgaon 142 2.73 07.02.2019 02.09.2023

Renewal

19 Madan jadhav Malegaon 38 1.00 31.07.2013 30.07.2018

20 Gajanan Ulemale Tornala 215 1.00 31.07.2013 30.07.2018

21 Nivruti Sarnaik Kondala z 120 0.81 30.08.2013 29.08.2018

Malegaon Taluka

22 Pratap Chavan Bramhanwada 200/

201

1.00 23.06.2017 22.06.2022

23 Satish Kshirsagarüü Sawalad 140 2.02 05.09.2017 22.06.2022

24 Vinayak Ghuge Nagartas 8 2.02 10.08.2017 31.12.2019

25 Dilip Ingole Pangri d. 53 1.20 12.12.2018 02.09.2023

26 Vishal Bali Hanwatkheda 39 1.00 29.01.2019 02.09.2023

Renewal

27 Vijay Jadhav Chandas 48 1.66 25.09.2013 24.09.2018

Risod Taluka

28 Chetan Sarnaik Chikhali 415 1.00 27.7.2015 26.07.2020

29 Uttam Bajad Koyali 104 1.00 23.06.2017 22.06.2022

30 Datta Garkal Bhar Jaha 66 1.00 16.12.2017 31.12.2019

31 D P Jain Company Yevata 319 1.81 26.11.2018 14.11.2013

32 D P Jain Company Chinchabapen 141 1.82 26.11.2018 14.11.2023

Renewal

33 Sk.Gulab Sk Sikandar Govrdhan 397 0.83 03.09.2013 02.09.2018

Mangrulpir Taluka

34 Sawala Godse Ambapur 42 2.42 28.03.2016 27.03.2021

35 Firoj Mohanawale kolabi 74 2.00 23.09.2015 22.09.2020

36 Vinay jaiswal hirangi 98 0.81 23.06.2017 22.06.2022

37 Bhagwan Bhendekar shivani D 122 0.81 23.01.2018 22.01.2023

38 R P P Infra Ambapur 64 2.02 17.11.2018 14.11.2023

39 R R Construction Bitoda Bh.ü 67 1.85 26.11.2018 14.11.2023

40 Sarjan Infra Salabi 34 2.00 17.12.2018 14.11.2023

Renewal

41 Javed Siddiqi Jogaldari 131 1.84 12.07.2013 11.07.2018

42 Brijlal Keswani Sattarsawangi 6/5 0.81 12.08.2013 11.08.2018

43 Shantilal Keswani Sattarsawngi 7/3 0.80 08.08.2013 07.08.2018

44 Vaijanath Gondhal Kanzara 386 0.40 15.10.2013 14.10.2018

45 Dilip Rathod Warud bk 36/2 1.42 23.09.2013 22.09.2018

46 Rajendra Parlikar Sattarsawangi 9/1 0.91 10.09.2013 09.09.2018

47 Ganesh Rathi Ambapur 109/

110

2.16 12.02.2014 11.02.2019

48 Ganesh Jaiswal Pedgaon 185/

2

1.70 05.02.2014 04.02.2019

Manora Taluka

49 Kanobha Const

Vithal Shinde

Wadgaon 24/1

c

2.07 27.11.2015 26.11.2020

50 Rupesh Deshmukh Lohara 105 1.60 23.06.2017 22.06.2022

51 Gopal Khodke Borvha 55/1

A

1.54 13.12.2018 11.02.2023

Renewal

52 Ravindra Gulhane Dara 1 1.00 08.08.2013 07.08.2018

53 Ujjawal Katole Inzori 11/4 1.00 08.08.2013 07.08.2018

54 Dilip Ingole Gartek 9/1D 1.00 07.08.2013 06.07.2018

55 Sunil Gawande Umardari 2 1.33 29.11.2013 28.11.2018

Karanja Taluka

56 Yunus khan chote khan Dadgaon 40/2

B

1.00 01.02.2016 30.01.2021

57 Dipak Thokal Palana 59 1.62 18.03.2017 17.03.2022

58 R R construction Dhotra Ja 118 1.21 26.11.2018 14.11.2023

59 Mirza Iafaz Beg Ujjaleshwar 11/2 1.62 19.12.2018 02.09.2023

Renewal

60 Manohar bardiya Kisan Nagar 51/

164

2.00 19.07.2013 18.07.2018

61 Dipak Makadiya Alimurdapur 4/1 1.20 08.11.2013 07.11.2018

62 Wasudev Keswani Kamathwada 7/3 0.81 22.11.2013 21.11.2018

63 Vipul Lale Bramhanwada 189 1.60 24.05.2012 23.05.2017

64 Sujit Jichkar Dadgaon 35/1 2.02 02.05.2012 01.05.2017

DETAIL OF ROYALTY/REVENUE RECEIVED IN LAST

THREE YEARS FROM MINOR MINERAL ACTIVITY

Financial Year Revenue in Rs (Crores)

F.Y 2015-2016 1618.34 Lakh

F.Y 2016-2017 2270.09 Lakh

F.Y 2017-2018 2428.62 Lakh

DETAIL OF ROYALTY/REVENUE RECEIVED IN LAST

THREE YEARS FROM SAND ACTIVITY

Financial Year Revenue in Rs (Crores)

F.Y 2015-2016 26.71 LAkh

F.Y 2016-2017 18.06 Lakh

F.Y 2017-2018 NIL

PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE

RIVERS OF THE DISTRICT

Sand is replenishable. Due to sparse rainfall over the last few

years the river flows to an average height but flows to its maximum

height only during and just after monsoon season. Mining of Building

Grade sand from the river bed will not have any impact on the ground

water body in the area. During heavy rains the floodwaters overflow the

bank and inundate the fields and dry regions. The floods have its own

ways of depositing sand not only at the bank but also on the dry surface

region. Added to the deposition of sand on the river basin by

stratification through lateral deposition of sands on the land surface is by

Differential Lateral Deposition (DLD). The later grade is coarse,

medium and fine sand to mud and soil beyond. In this soil, agricultural

operation goes on from the bank to the cultivated land surface. The

yearly deposition of sand is by natural filling during flood season with

slight variation depending upon the amount of river flow, the quantity of

water flowing and the amount of sand load carried during the river flow.

The deposition pattern will be monitored every year & measurements

will be carried out as soon as the monsoon comes to an end. Deposition

rate for the year 2018-19 is monitored, calculated and mapped with the

help of technical consultant. Data for gauging of stream is mapped and

enclosed below. Data for Siltation is mapped and enclosed.. Based on

siltation rate and survey every year sand ghats are proposed for scooping

of sand and auctioned as per the State Government Policy empowered

under rule 15 of Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act

1957 and amendments thereof.

Sediment refers to the conglomerate of materials, organic and

inorganic, that can be carried away by water, wind or ice. While the term

is often used to indicate soil-based, mineral matter (e.g. clay, silt and

sand), decomposing organic substances and inorganic biogenic material

are also considered sediment . Most mineral sediment comes from

erosion and weathering, while organic sediment is typically detritus and

decomposing material such as algae.

These particulates are typically small, with clay defined as

particles less than 0.00195 mm in diameter, and coarse sand reaching up

only to 1.5 mm in diameter. However, during a flood or other high flow

event, even large rocks can be classified as sediment as they are carried

downstream . Sediment is a naturally occurring element in many bodies

of water, though it can be influenced by anthropogenic factors .

In an aquatic environment, sediment can either be suspended

(floating in the water column) or bedded (settled on the bottom of a body

of water). In other words water flow tries to scour its surface whenever it

flows in the channel. Silt or gravels enen larger boulders are detached

from its bed or banks. The moving water sweeps these detached particles

in downstream along its flow. Silting and scouring is not very

uncommon and must be avoided by proper designs. It reduces supply

level of water. The channel section gets reduced by silt and reduces

discharging capacity. Sediments seriously threaten various projects due

to silt carried out by rivers up to point of interceptions. Sediment is also

threatening denudation of forests. Sediment is a major obstruction on the

flow line . It shorten longevity of channel. It causes soil erosion.

Therefore data base must be needed forpolicy making and planning.

Sediments are calculated as sediment load.

There are three types of sediments

Coarse

Sediments

Particle size above

0.2mm

Water sample passing

through 100/72 mesh sieve

(BSS). Residue over sieve

is washed, dried and

weighed It gives coarse

sediments in gm/lit

Medium

Sediments

Particle size ranging

0.075mm-0.2mm

After removal of coarse

sediments residual water

passed through 200mesh

sieve (BSS), we get

medium sediments

Fine

Sediments

Particle size less than

0.075mm

Filtrate and washing

residue allowed to settle for

12hrs. About 5-10 % alum

solution is added to hasten

coagulation of colloidal silt

Using What man Paper

no02 filter paper, residue is

filtered, dried and weighed.

We will get fine sediments

in gm/lit

METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF RESERVES

For the calculation of total reserves of minor minerals available in

the river bed, length, average width and depth of the river bed for which

the exploitation is to be carried out / allowed under rule / prevailing

instructions of the Govt. was taken into consideration. The volume thus

obtained is multiplied with the bulk density.

Total reserves of minor minerals (M.T.) = Length x Width x

Height i.e. Depth x Density.

For the annual replenishment of minor mineral reserves, the

average annual mean depth up to which the replenishment of minor

mineral takes place annually, has been taken into consideration which

depends upon the annual rainfall factor and geology of the catchments

area.

REPLENISHMENT OF THE AREA

The rate of gross or absolute silt production (erosion) in the

watershed and the ability of the stream system to transport the eroded

material in a river and then to a reservoir has the direct relation with the

quantity of sediment delivered into a reservoir. The rate of gross erosion

is dependent upon many physical factors live climatic conditions, nature

of soil, slope of the area, topography and the land use. Hydro-physical

conditions of the watershed govern the capability of transporting the

eroded material. It has been observed that the average rate of sediment

production decreases as the size of drainage area increase and the larger

watershed the lesser is the variation between the rates. The larger

watershed presents more opportunity for deposition of silt during its

traverse from the point of production. The watershed with maximum

land use class of forest generate very low rate of production unless the

forest are degraded or open forest. The cultivated watersheds with

unscientific farming produce very high rate of silt production. The total

amount of eroded material, which reaches a particular hydraulic control

point, is termed as sediment yield. The sediment control of inflow is

governed by Character of run-off; Susceptibility of soils; the extent and

density of vegetative cover in the area; and the hydraulic efficiency of

the drainage system. The rotational mining is being adopted to facilitate

the replenishment of the excavated pits during rainy season. Thus the

mineable area has been divided in five blocks i.e. the upstream block

and the downstream block. The Mining of these blocks is suggested on

rotation basis in such a way that pit of previous year mining will act as

depository for the monsoon season. Sand is extracted from the said lot

during one year; more than the extracted quantity of the same are

automatically replenished by rainfall in the monsoon by the river/ nallah

itself on account of its flow and velocity.