Contingency Diagramming 2

*Causality TestStimulus TestRelated Outcomes Test60 TestResponse-Unit TestTable of Contents.Click me to begin Part 2. Or you can review by clicking a test.

*Sixty-Second TestDoes the outcome follow the response by more than sixty seconds?

* Rudolph the rat is in the Skinner Box. The trainer delivers a drop of water one day after Rudolph presses the lever.Before

Rudolph has no drop of water How about this contingency? Will the water reinforce the lever press? Not a chance.

* The trainer changes the strategy; now Rudolph receives the water one hour after his lever press.Before

Rudolph has no drop of water Is an hour delay better? Will the water reinforce the lever press? Still not a chance.

* A two-month old baby smiles and her father gives her attention, one day later.Before

Baby receives no attention How about this contingency? Will the attention reinforce the smile? You guessed it, still not a chance.

* For an outcome to reinforce or punish a response, It must pass the 60 second test; it must follow the behavior by no more than 60 seconds

*This contingency is not correct.Before

Bob does not have an A in psychology

*Before

Bob does not have an A in psychology Even the quickest of teachers will not have Bobbys test gradedwithin 60 seconds of the end of studying. So the delay from the studying until he sees his A is greater than 60 seconds.

* Even though, when you do well on a test after studying you seem to study more in the future, this is not a direct-acting reinforcement contingency.

Dont give up on behavior analysis yet because, later on, you will learn about analogs to basic reinforcement contingencies. But now, you have to get the basics down for basic contingencies.

*Click the button next to the contingency that passes the 60 second test.ABClick me if you want to see the Pink Sheet

*

9. 60 TestDoes the outcome follow theresponse by more than 60 seconds?If so, find an outcome that followssooner.Click me to go back to the Question

*No, the token is delivered a day after the reading behavior.AB

*Correct.AB

*Click the button next to the contingency that passes the 60 second test.AB

*No, it takes more than 60 from the response to the outcome of a ticketAB

*AB

Correct, even though he may immediately know he will have a ticket, the outcome of actually receiving the ticket follows the response by more than 60

*Added for F02: added feedback too because high error rate on Jacis check eg.

*Did you see the use of future tense? Dont be caught making the mistake in thinking that it passes the test because he immediately knows he will have a ticket (he even knows it will cost money later too). Ask yourself when the observable outcome (ticket or money) is delivered, not when he knows when it will be delivered.

*Added for F02: added feedback too because high error rate on Jacis check eg.

*Causality TestStimulus TestRelated Outcomes Test60 TestResponse-Unit TestTable of Contents.Question 24 & 25Questions 42-47Questions 38-41Questions 29-37Questions 26-28

*Related Outcomes TestIs the before condition related to the after condition?

* This seems like a vague concept, but a couple examples will help you understand.Before

Teacher announces nap timeThis contingency is not correct.The before conditionis not related to the after condition.

*Do we need to have them decide what the important outcome is before they can determine related outcomes? Yes, but for our test, for now we are just training them to discriminate related and unrelated outcomes. Well have to deal with this in a later chapter.

* While this incorrect example seems like a likely order of events, it is not a correct contingency.Before

Teacher announces nap time A common error students make when writing contingencies is to simply specify three events that occur over a period of time.

* While this incorrect example seems like a likely order of events, it is not a correct contingency.Before

Teacher announces nap time Just because youve specified three conditions that occur in order, it does not necessarily represent a contingency.

*BeforeTeacher announces nap timeThis contingency is correct.The before conditionis related to the after condition.Bob has all of his tokens

*BeforeTeacher announces nap timeBob has all of his tokens This is a sequence of conditions, but the before helps reflect the change caused by the behavior.

*Does this pass the related-outcomes test?A. YesB. NoBefore

Mom makes liver for dinner

*SUM02 Group: move options up bc no is too close to PowerPoints slide show menu.



No, the before condition of mom making dinner is not related to the after of Bob losing his allowance



Right! The before condition is not related to the after condition.

*Before

Mom makes liver for dinnerThis contingency is not correct.The before conditionis not related to the after condition.

*BeforeMom makes liver for dinnerMom will pay Bobs allowanceThis contingency is correct.The before conditionis related to the after condition.

*BeforeMom makes liver fordinnerMom will pay Bobs allowance Now it is clear Bobby would have received his allowance, if he hadnt fed his dinner to the dog.

* When we talk about the outcomes of a behavioral contingency being related, we mean that the before condition is somehow changed by the behavior, resulting in the after condition.

The behavior causes the after condition (the consequences) and the before condition can typically, but loosely, be considered the opposite of that after condition.

* The before condition is the way things would have remained had the particular behavior not occurred. It is not simply anything that occurred right before the behavior; it must somehow be related to the after condition.

* Heres another illustration. Bobby Brat wants some of Nice Normans candy, so he says give me your lunch.

* When Norman refuses, Bobby immediately picks up Normans lunch boxand throws it.

*

Norman cries, and Bobby picks up all the candy.

*Does this pass the related-outcomes test? Are the before and after condition opposites?A. YesB. NoBefore

Bobby wants Normans candy


Bobby wants Normans candyWanting candy is not the opposite of having candy. Not wanting could be the opposite of wanting (but we make little use of the term wants as youll see later in the course).


Bobby wants Normans candyRight, wanting candy is not the opposite of having candy. Not wanting could be the opposite of wanting (but we make little use of the term wants as youll see later in the course).

*Before

?Bobby demands candyBobby has no candyNorman refuses to give candy

Click me if you want to see the Pink Sheet

*Was 37

*

2. Related Outcomes TestIs the before condition related tothe after condition? (Often therelationship is one of opposites.) If not, change one or both of theconditions.Click me to go back to the QuestionClick me to go back to the Question

*Before

?Bobby demands candyBobby has no candyNorman refuses to give candy

No, remember that the before and after conditions are usually opposites.

*Before

Bobby has no candyBobby demands candyBobby has no candyNorman refuses to give candy

Yes, has no candy reflects the change to the after condition. And, Bobby demands candy is not the opposite of Bobby has candy.

*Response-Unit TestAre there any interruptions ofgreater than 60 seconds during theresponse?

* Jaci has an entire research paper to write and she finishes the entire paper in three days of hard work.

*verbatim

*What do you think of this contingency?Before

Jaci has no sense of accomplishment

*verbatim

* Do you think Jaci (or anyone else) could write for 3 days without any interruptions greater than 60 seconds?Before

Jaci has no sense of accomplishmentA. YesB. No

*Was 38

*Before

Jaci has no sense of accomplishmentA. YesB. No Do you think Jaci (or anyone else) could write for 3 days without any interruptions greater than 60 seconds?No, even though we may say someone writes for three days does that really mean they continually wrote without any interruptions?Of course not.

*verbatim

*Before

Jaci has no sense of accomplishmentA. YesB. No

Do you think Jaci (or anyone else) could write for 3 days without any interruptions greater than 60 seconds?Correct!, even though we may say someone writes for three days we surely wouldnt mean it is one continuous reinforceable response-unit.

*verbatim

*Before

Jaci has no sense of accomplishment While writing an entire research paper, even the best of students will have to take a break from the glaring computer screen for at least a few minutes.

* And if theres a break in writing of more than 60 seconds, the outcome cannot reinforce that entire sequence of behavior.Before


* However, one day she gets a burst of energy and begins writing for 20 minutes without taking any breaks at all.

* So it might be possible to write on a research paper for 20 minutes without any breaks.Before


*Work on this

* And the sense of accomplishment following the writing can reinforce that writing because there were no breaks more than 60 seconds.Before


* Even though the behavior lasts longer than 60 seconds, it is still a reinforceable response-unit because there are no breaks greater than 60 seconds during the response.Before


* Writing on a research paper for 20 minutes is a reinforceable response-unit because she did not take a break lasting more than 60 seconds.Before


* Besides making the mistake of looking at large non-behaviors such as writing a whole paper, some also try to analyze the repetition of behavior over timewhere there are breaks.Before

No down payment for car

A reinforceable response-unit is not a series of behaviors over timeeven if it leads to a reinforcing outcome

*Added this sequence for W03 (no question though)

* Besides making the mistake of looking at large non-behaviors such as writing a whole paper, some also try to analyze the repetition of behavior over timewere there are breaks.Before

No down payment for car A reinforceable response-unit is not a series of behaviors over timeeven if it leads to a reinforcing outcome

Today

*Here is the correct contingency:Before

$100 not in bank

* This test is designed to help ensure the behavior you are analyzing is actually one reinforceable response-unit.

* When we talk about the reinforceable response-unit, we are only concerned with the behavior box; keep this in mind.Behavior

Bob studies

* Often students confuse this test with the 60 second test. When checking the behavior listed in the behavior box, ask yourself Are there any interruptions of greater than 60 seconds during the response?

* If there are long breaks, you dont have a true reinforceable response-unit, you actually have something else, an analog to a reinforceable response-unit (youll get to that starting in chapter 22).

* Nice Norman is playing quietly by himself. He takes a truck from the toy box and pushes it around the floor for a few minutes, then he returns it to the box. Ten minutes later, Norman is back at the toy box searching for another toy.

* Three times, he returns to the toy box; once to get an airplane, another time to get a Power Ranger, and finally he finds an engineer hat. Norman plays with each of them with 5 to 10 minute breaks in between, when he wonders around the room, looking for fun.

* The teacher sees Norman playing quietly with the hat, and he goes up to Norman and gives him some candy.

* Do you think the candy will reinforce all of Normans playing? A. Yes B. No

*Was 40 in F02

* Do you think the candy will reinforce all of Normans playing? A. Yes B. NoIt probably wouldnt because of the numerous long breaks he took.

* Do you think the candy will reinforce all of Normans playing? A. Yes B. NoCorrect! It probably wouldnt because of the numerous long breaks he took.

* Just to make sure you are getting this concept down, heres another scenario to test your behavior-analytic repertoire.

* Jaci is craving a healthy pizza so she makes one from scratch.

* She prepares the veggies and mixes the dough Then stops to check her email

* And 15 minutes later she puts on the veggies and low-fat cheese. Finally, with the pizza made, she puts it in the preheated oven.

*BeforeJaci doesnt have prepared, uncooked pizza Is this behavior a reinforceable response-unit?Correct reinforceable response-unitFails reinforceable response-unit test


*Click me to go back to the Question

*BeforeJaci doesnt have prepared, uncooked pizzaCorrect reinforceable response-unitFails reinforceable response-unit test

No, there will be a break while she checks e-mail. Is this behavior a reinforceable response-unit?

*BeforeJaci doesnt have prepared, uncooked pizzaCorrect reinforceable response-unitFails reinforceable response-unit test

Right on. It fails the response-unit test because she takes a break to check her e-mail. Is this behavior a reinforceable response-unit?

*Before

Jaci doesnt see the pizza cookingHow about this behavior?Correct reinforceable response-unitFails reinforceable response-unit test


*Click me to go back to the QuestionClick me to go back to the Question

*Before


No, Jaci puts the pizza in the oven without a break.

*Before


Youre right. Putting the pizza in the oven is a single response without breaks.

* Lets try and clarify the difference between the 60 second test and the reinforceable response unit test.

* Jaci is a high-paid administrator in a residential facility for the developmentally disabled population. Its Monday and she goes to work for a full day, which includes a lunch break.

* She stays after work to conduct a one hour training workshop for which she will receive extra money on her paycheck, as long as she hands in proof of completion (this takes no time at allno breaks). Friday comes and she picks up her paycheck.

*On the posttests, students often put correct contingency for responses that fail the response-unit test, we think because our training examples are too easy. The failure to discriminate/identify failures on the tests indicate under generalization (loosly put, as Markle would), so we need close-in examples, ones that are more difficult. We also think that some verbs (maybe most) can be looked at both as passing or failing (e.g., work, draw, write)

* She then treats herself to an evening of shopping for new clothes before going home to sip some warm Earl Gray tea.

*Before

Jaci will have regular pay check on Friday This contingency is a common student error: It fails the 60 second test, because the outcome follows the response by more than 60 seconds.

*For F01: Added question in 60 test section to address this.Was 43 in F02

*Contingency-Diagramming Checklist A. Whose behavior are you analyzing? _________________________ 1. Behaver Test Is the behavior in the behavior box performed by the person who you are analyzing? If not, redo the example.

Before

Behavior

After

D. What is the condition before the response?

10. Related Outcomes TestIs the before condition related to the after condition? (Often the relationship is one of opposites) If not, change one or both of the conditions. Use this checklist for every contingency diagram you do and youll save yourself some headaches and impress your TA during transparency time. Simply place the answer to each of the 10 questions for the corresponding blank in the contingency diagram above it. Turn the checklist over to determine which type of contingency you have. In learning these criteria for a test, you need only know each name and sentence thats bold.

B. What is the behavior being analyzed or diagrammed?

2. Deadman TestCan a dead man do it? If he can, then you havent properly specified the behavior. So roll over the dead man.

3. Action TestDoes the behavior involve an action? (Hint: Learning, receiving, being, hearing, seeing, and feeling are not behavior). If not, then change the behavior.

4. Specific-Behavior TestIs it perfectly clear exactly what action is involved in the behavior? If not, then reword the behavior.

5. Reinforceable Response-Unit TestAre there any interruptions of greater than 60 seconds during the response? If there are, then the behavior is not a response-unit. Rewrite the behavior.C. What is the outcome that follows the response?

6. Stimulus TestIs the before & after a stimulus, event or condition and not a behavior of the behaver? If its not a stimulus then change your condition. (Hint: If the before or after is another behavior of the behaver, you probably dont have a correct condition. Exceptions: self-reinforcement, seeing, hearing, or the opportunity for activity.

7. Causality TestIs the outcome caused by the response? If not, change the outcome.

8. 60 TestDoes the outcome follow the response by more than 60 seconds? If so, find an immediate outcome.

9. Receiver TestIs the behaver the receiver of the outcome (after condition)? If not, rework the example. Hint: Make sure the diagram passes the behaver test firstBack to the Question

*Before

Jaci does not see her time card with 8 hoursClick me if you want to see the Pink Sheet This contingency passes the 60 second test, since the outcome does not follow the response by more than 60 seconds.

However, it fails the reinforceable response unit test. There are breaks of greater than 60 seconds during the response.

*W02 many picked correct contingency.For F02 (was #42), added top text-box rule. For W03 added realistically


Before

Behavior

After












*Before

Jaci has no tea Usually, just by looking at the description of the behavior in the behavior box, you cant be sure if it passes the reinforceable response-unit test.

*W02 many picked correct contingency.

*Before

Jaci has no tea Many words used to describe behavior, by themselves, cannot show if there were interruptions of greater than 60 seconds. You need to look hard at the example or behavior itself to see if there are interruptions of greater than 60 seconds.


* In the next example choose the scenario that describes the behavior that passes the reinforceable response-unit test.


*Before Jaci has no tea Scenario #1: Jaci takes the hot water, pours it into a cup, and adds a tea bag. Scenario #2: Jaci puts water on the stove to boil. She comes back later and takes the hot water, pours it into a cup, and adds a tea bag. Left-click the scenario that passes the reinforceable response-unit test.

*New in F02

*Before Jaci has no tea Scenario #1: Jaci takes the hot water, pours it into a cup, and adds a tea bag. Scenario #2: Jaci puts water on the stove to boil. She comes back later and takes the hot water, pours it into a cup, and adds a tea bag. Theres a 60 second break between putting the water on the stove and combining the hot water with the tea bag.


*Before Jaci has no tea Scenario #1: Jaci takes the hot water, pours it into a cup, and adds a tea bag. Scenario #2: Jaci puts water on the stove to boil. She comes back later and takes the hot water, pours it into a cup, and adds a tea bag. Yes, theres no break in scenario #1, but scenario #2 involves a break.


*Causality TestIs the outcome caused by the response?

*Before

Mom is not home Jimmy loves to play golf on his computer. He plays it so much, his Mom often comes home to see him playing in the middle of a game.

*Before

Mom is not home Jimmy loves to play golf on his computer. He plays it so much, his Mom often comes home to see him playing in the middle of a game.YesNo

Does Bobs playing golf cause or produce the outcome, Mom is home?

*Was 47 in F02.

*Before


Does Bobs playing golf cause or produce the outcome, Mom is home?Mom comes home because her workday is over or any number of reasons. But Jimmys playing golf on the computer does not cause Mom to come home in a normal situation.

*Before


Does Bobs playing golf cause or produce the outcome, Mom is home?Yes, of course Jimmys playing golf on the computer does not cause Mom to come home in a normal situation. She just comes home because work is over.

*Before

Mom is not homeThe causality test only tests whether the behavior caused, produced or prevented the outcome in some way.The causality test does not test whether the before caused the behavior. So just look between the Behavior Box and After Box to check causality.

*Before

No sight of cool ball-in-flight Heres another example.Correct contingencyFails related-outcomes testFails causality test

*New in W03 b/c some put related outcomes for causality failure egs.

*Before


Sorry, the sight of the ball-in-flight is the opposite of no sight of the ball in flight, so the before and after are related.

*Before


Sorry, Bob using the control to swing results in the immediate sight of the ball-in-flight.

*Before


Yes, this is correct. Notice one difference between the these two teststhe causality test is concerned with the Behavior and After condition

* The causality test may take a little practice. We need to have the behavior related to the outcome, either by causing it or preventing it.

*Before

Bob is losing at the roulette wheel Now, we can all see that Bobs betting did not cause Paul to win at the slot machines. Sometimes, however, the distinction is not so obvious, and the result is superstitious behavior Behavior that is accidentally reinforced by coincidental outcomes.

*Before

Bob is losing at the roulette wheel In this instance, it is likely that Bob will cross his fingers more often in the future because winning has immediately followed it in the past, but we still dont have a behavioral contingency because Bobs winning is not contingent on (its not caused by) his finger crossing.

*Before

Bob has a low video game score There you go causality. Bobs carefully aiming causes him to have a high video game score.

* Pauls softball teammates get annoyed when hes up to bat because he has an elaborate series of movements he goes through every time. Paul says this ritual brings him good luck, but it really doesnt.

*Before

Paul has no home runCorrect contingencyFails causality testFails receiver testFails action test

*Was 48 in F02

*Before


No, looking at the ball and swinging hard are the important behaviors that cause the home run.

*Before


Paul receives the sight of a home run.

*Before


Looking and swinging are active.

*Before


Yes, looking at the ball and swinging hard are the important behaviors that cause the home run.

*Before

Paul has no home runCorrect contingencyFails causality testFails receiver testFails related-outcomes test


*For W03, added option D related-outcomes b/c confusion with causality


Before

Behavior

After












*Before


Strike. No, you should check the Pink Sheet.Click me to see the Pink Sheet

*Before


Strike. No, Paul receives the home run.

*Before


Strike. Although getting a home run is unrelated to his ritual, the related outcomes test refers to the relation between the before and after conditions.

*Before


Correct. It passes the receiver test because he receives the sight of his hit go over the fence. And it passes the related-outcomes test because no homers is related to homers.

*Warning:Dont be a casualty of mispronouncing causality. Its easy to misread causality as casualty, but then the casualty criterion doesnt make a heck of a lot of sense.

*Causality TestStimulus TestRelated Outcomes Test60 TestResponse-Unit TestTable of Contents.

*Stimulus TestIs the before and after a stimulus, event or condition?

*This contingency is not correct.Before

Bob is having trouble with his assignment The before and after conditions cannot be behavior of the person we are analyzing.

*This contingency is correct.Before

Bob is having trouble with his assignment The after condition is now a stimulus, event or condition for the person we are analyzing, not a behavior of that person.

* However, the before and after conditions can be behavior of someone else; which makes it a stimulus, event or condition to the behaver.Before

Teacher doesnt help Bob

*Heres the same contingency written a little differently:BeforeTeacher doesnt help Bob Remember, receives is not behavior, so its fine in the before and after boxes.Bob receives no help from the teacherBob receiveshelp from the teacher

*A. YesB. No Do the before or after conditions circled above have a behavior of the behaver? Before

Jimmy says Daddy correctlyWhen Jimmy says Daddy correctly, Dad gives Jimmy a big smile. We want to analyze Jimmys saying Daddy (Hint: Jimmys the behaver).

*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.about 20%+ error rate, W02could have thought we wanted to analyze Daddys behavior. Clarified prior to S02F02, underlined Jimmys saying Daddy.F02, added above in case the students thought it was a rule. For W03, added hint.Was #50 in F02

*A. YesB. NoDo the before or after conditions above have a behavior of the behaver?Before

Jimmy says Daddy correctlySorry, says is behavior of the person we are analyzing, right?

When Jimmy says Daddy correctly, Dad gives Jimmy a big smile. We want to analyze Jimmys saying Daddy.

*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.

*A. YesB. No Do the before or after conditions above have a behavior of the behaver? (Jimmy)Before

Jimmy says Daddy correctly

Correct, says is Jimmys behavior.

When Jimmy says Daddy correctly, Dad gives Jimmy a big smile. We want to analyze Jimmys saying Daddy.


*A. YesB. No So then does this pass the stimulus test?Before

Jimmy says Daddy correctlyWhen Jimmy says Daddy correctly, Dad gives Jimmy a big smile. We want to analyze Jimmys saying Daddy. Click me to see the stimulus test

*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.Added pink sheet button, F02. Added, so then

*

7. Stimulus TestIs the before & after a stimulusevent or condition, and not a behavior of the behaver? If it isnt then change the stimulus. (Hint: If the outcome is another behavior of the behaver, you probably dont have a correct outcome. Exceptions: self-reinforcement, seeing, hearing, orthe opportunity for activity.)Click me to go back to the question

*A. YesB. No So then does this pass the stimulus test? Before

Jimmy says Daddy correctlyBecause the before and after condition have Jimmys behavior, it fails the stimulus test.When Jimmy says Daddy correctly, Dad gives Jimmy a big smile. We want to analyze Jimmys saying Daddy.


*A. YesB. No So then does this pass the stimulus test? Before

Jimmy says Daddy correctlyYes, because the before and after condition have Jimmys behavior, it fails the stimulus test.When Jimmy says Daddy correctly, Dad gives Jimmy a big smile. We want to analyze Jimmys saying Daddy.


*A. Action testB. Specific behavior testC. Dead-man testD. All of the above What other tests does this contingency fail?Before

Jimmy says Daddy correctlyWhen Jimmy says Daddy correctly, Dad gives Jimmy a big smile. We want to analyze Jimmys saying Daddy.

*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.Changed warning from be careful to consider each answer, knowing this will be a formal prompt, but Im getting all sorts of errorschanged for W03.Was 52 in F02.

*A. Action testB. Specific behavior testC. Dead-man testD. All of the above What other tests does this contingency fail? Before

Jimmy says Daddy correctlyYes, theres no action in gets, but what about the other tests?When Jimmy says Daddy correctly, Dad gives Jimmy a big smile. We want to analyze Jimmys saying Daddy.



Jimmy says Daddy correctlyYes, gets is not a concrete behavior, but what about the other tests?When Jimmy says Daddy correctly, Dad gives Jimmy a big smile. We want to analyze Jimmys saying Daddy.



Jimmy says Daddy correctlyYes, a dead man can get, but what about the other tests?When Jimmy says Daddy correctly, Dad gives Jimmy a big smile. We want to analyze Jimmys saying Daddy.



Jimmy says Daddy correctlyYes, gets fails each of these tests because its really the same as receives, which involves nothing on Jimmys partit describes no muscular, glandular or electrical activity.When Jimmy says Daddy correctly, Dad gives Jimmy a big smile. We want to analyze Jimmys saying Daddy.


*This example is kind of complex, lets start with the before condition.Before

Jimmy says Daddy correctlyJimmys is the behaver, so his behavior should be written in the behavior box, not the before condition, nor the after.

*Animation is messed up.

*This example is kind of complex, lets start with the before condition.Before

Jimmy says Daddy correctly

Jimmy says Daddy correctlySo lets move the behavior hereJimmys is the behaver, so his behavior should be written in the behavior box, not the before condition.

*BeforeJimmy says Daddy correctlyThe after condition also has Jimmys behavior, which fails the stimulus test.Jimmy says Daddy correctly

*BeforeJimmy says Daddy correctlyTo find out what to write in the after box, you need to ask What happened immediately after Jimmy said Daddy?Jimmy says Daddy correctlyJimmy has a smile from DadJimmy has no smile from Dad

And immediately before, the opposite was the no-smile condition.

* Remember the problem about Tommy and his mom at the donut shop? He didnt stop screeching until he had a donut in his hands.

*Didnt Tommy know the rule? The donut follows the first screech at least minutes later. He was verbal enough to read donut. The inferred theoretical contingency would be the escape of the fear of the loss of donuts. Unless they always do laundry next door and got donuts at that time. But only locals would believe it, and non-locals would have a good point if they said it fails the 60 test.

Change to Meijer. Tommys in the cart with his Mom. As they go to the deli and bakery area, Tommy screeches when he sees the donuts (in contrast with the sign with donut written on it).

*.Analyze the next contingency with respect to Tommys behavior.

*Before

Tommy is pointing to the donutCorrect contingencyFails dead-man testFails related-outcomes testFails stimulus test

Click me if you want to see the Pink Sheet Even if the before or after has a passive verb, it may still be active. If the before or after condition passes the action test then the diagram fails the stimulus test. Analyze this contingency, if it fails a test which one is it?

*For F01 changed after from receives donut to doesnt point to emphasis Tommys behavior. For W03, changed c option from causality test.


Before

Behavior

After












*Before


No, you should check the Pink Sheet.Click me if you want to see the Pink Sheet

*Before


No. Can a dead-man screech?

*Before


No, Tommys pointing is the opposite of not pointing.

*Many students pick fails causality and I dont have good reason to disagree and dont think its worth trying here, so Im removing it as an option for W03.

*Before

Tommy is pointing to the donutCorrect contingencyFails dead-man testFails causality testFails stimulus test

Correct. Tommys behavior should not be in the Before or After conditions.

*Before

Clothes on the floorCorrect afterFails causality testFails related-outcomes testFails stimulus test

Click me if you want to see the Pink Sheet Remember the problem with Jennifers roommate throwing clothes on the floor? Now well analyze Jens behavior, so her behavior shouldnt be in the before or after conditions, though Sues behavior can be in the before and after conditions.

*For F02 added so her behavior shouldnt be in the before or after conditions. Also left this whole text up, where before it was removed. For W03, added italics to her and added though Sues behavior.


Before

Behavior

After












*Correct afterFails causality testFails related-outcomes testFails stimulus test

Before

Clothes on the floorNo, take a closer look at the before condition


Before

Clothes on the floorNo, Jens yelling causes Sue to apologize.


Before

Clothes on the floorYes. Clothes on the floor is not related to Sue apologizes. It passes the causality test because Sue apologizing is contingent (caused by) Jen yelling. And since Jen is the behaver, were cool with the stimulus test.


Before

Clothes on the floorEven though the condition is a behavior, its fine as long as its not a behavior of the person we are analyzing.

*Youre finished. So now you can relaxIf you want to review any of the tests you can continue to the next slide and choose one. Or you can hit Esc to finish.

*Causality TestStimulus TestRelated Outcomes Test60 TestResponse-Unit TestYoure finished. If youd like to review any of the tests, just click on the test name below.

*Action ItemsOwnerDue DateDescriptionOtto6/5/2002Stimulus test Jimmy and Daddy animationOtto6/5/2002Why do students pick causality for Tommy "eats" after he screechesOtto6/5/2002Need to state rule someplace about other people's behavior okay in after condition

*Added for F02: added feedback too because high error rate on Jacis check eg.*Added for F02: added feedback too because high error rate on Jacis check eg.*Do we need to have them decide what the important outcome is before they can determine related outcomes? Yes, but for our test, for now we are just training them to discriminate related and unrelated outcomes. Well have to deal with this in a later chapter.*SUM02 Group: move options up bc no is too close to PowerPoints slide show menu.*Was 37*verbatim

*verbatim*Was 38*verbatim*verbatim*Work on this*Added this sequence for W03 (no question though)*Was 40 in F02*On the posttests, students often put correct contingency for responses that fail the response-unit test, we think because our training examples are too easy. The failure to discriminate/identify failures on the tests indicate under generalization (loosly put, as Markle would), so we need close-in examples, ones that are more difficult. We also think that some verbs (maybe most) can be looked at both as passing or failing (e.g., work, draw, write)*For F01: Added question in 60 test section to address this.Was 43 in F02*W02 many picked correct contingency.For F02 (was #42), added top text-box rule. For W03 added realistically*W02 many picked correct contingency.*W02 many picked correct contingency.*W02 many picked correct contingency.*New in F02*W02 many picked correct contingency.*W02 many picked correct contingency.*Was 47 in F02.*New in W03 b/c some put related outcomes for causality failure egs.*Was 48 in F02*For W03, added option D related-outcomes b/c confusion with causality*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.about 20%+ error rate, W02could have thought we wanted to analyze Daddys behavior. Clarified prior to S02F02, underlined Jimmys saying Daddy.F02, added above in case the students thought it was a rule. For W03, added hint.Was #50 in F02*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.Added pink sheet button, F02. Added, so then*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.Changed warning from be careful to consider each answer, knowing this will be a formal prompt, but Im getting all sorts of errorschanged for W03.Was 52 in F02.*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.*Make sure that you go through this example one step at a time.*Animation is messed up.*Didnt Tommy know the rule? The donut follows the first screech at least minutes later. He was verbal enough to read donut. The inferred theoretical contingency would be the escape of the fear of the loss of donuts. Unless they always do laundry next door and got donuts at that time. But only locals would believe it, and non-locals would have a good point if they said it fails the 60 test.

Change to Meijer. Tommys in the cart with his Mom. As they go to the deli and bakery area, Tommy screeches when he sees the donuts (in contrast with the sign with donut written on it).*For F01 changed after from receives donut to doesnt point to emphasis Tommys behavior. For W03, changed c option from causality test.*Many students pick fails causality and I dont have good reason to disagree and dont think its worth trying here, so Im removing it as an option for W03.*For F02 added so her behavior shouldnt be in the before or after conditions. Also left this whole text up, where before it was removed. For W03, added italics to her and added though Sues behavior.

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