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Sybex CCNA 640-802Chapter 4: Cisco’s IOS and SDM
Instructor & Todd Lammle
Chapter 4 Objectives
• The Cisco router IOS• Enhanced editing• Administrative functions
– Hostnames– Banners– Passwords– Interface descriptions
• Verifying your configuration
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Cisco Router IOS
• Carries network protocols and functions
• Connects high-speed traffic between devices
• Adds security to control access
• Provides scalability for growth
• Supplies reliability
Connecting To A Cisco Router
Cisco 2811
Cisco 1841
Bringing up a Router
• Boot-up process:1: POST
2: Looks for the Cisco IOS from Flash memory
3: IOS loads & looks for a valid configuration;
• startup-configstartup-config• stored in nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM)
4: If a valid config is not found in NVRAM:• setup modesetup mode
Setup Mode
• Basic Management Setup
• Extended Setup
• Command-Line Interface
Command-Line Interface (CLI)
• More flexible than setup mode.
• To use the CLI, just say No to entering the initial configuration dialog.
Logging into the Router
• User mode: – Router>– Used mostly to view statistics
• Privileged mode:– Router#– Used to view & change router
configuration
Overview of Router Modes
• Global changes:– config terminal or config t– Changes made to running-config running-config
(DRAM)– To change the startup-configstartup-config (NVRAM)
• config memory or config mem
Note: Any configuration changes need to be placed into RAM. Typing config mem or config net (from a TFTP host) will append the current running-configrunning-config
Configuration
• CLI Prompts
• Interfaces
• Sub-interfaces
• Line Commands
• Routing Protocol Configurations
Editing & Help Features
Editing & Help Features
• Commands starting with a certain letter
Router#c?
clear clock configure connect copy
• Enhanced Editing Commands
• Router-Command History
• Gathering Basic Routing Information– show versionshow version
Enhanced Editing Commands
Enhanced Editing Commands (cont.)
Router Command History
Gathering Basic Routing Information
Administrative Functions
The administrative functions that you can configure on a router and switch are
• Hostnames• Banners• Password• Interface descriptions
Hostnames & Descriptions
• HostnamesRouter(config)#hostname todd
todd(config)#
• DescriptionsAtlanta(config)#int e0
Atlanta(config-if)#description Sales Lan
Banners
• Purpose
• Types– exec– incoming– login– motd
• Delimiting character
Setting the Passwords
• 5 passwords:– 1st two used to set your enable
password• Used to secure privileged mode;
Router>enable
– Other three are used to configure a password in useruser mode via:
• console port• auxiliary port• Telnet
Passwords
• Enable passwordsRouter(config)#enable password cisco
Router(config)#enable secret cisco
• Auxiliary Password
• Console Password
• Telnet Password
• Encrypting Your PasswordRouter(config)#service password-
encryption
Interface DescriptionsSetting descriptions on an interface is helpful to the administrator and, like the hostname, only locally significant. The description command is a helpful one because you can, for instance, use it to keep track of circuit numbers.
Here’s an example:Atlanta(config)#int e0
Atlanta(config-if)#description Sales Lan
Atlanta(config-if)#int s0
Atlanta(config-if)#desc Wan to Miami circuit:6fdda4321
You can view the description of an interface either with the show running-config command or the show interface command.
Router Interfaces
• Bringing up an Interfaceno shutdownshutdownshow interface
• Configuring an IP Address on an Interface
Router(config)#int e0Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.2
255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#no shut
• Serial Interface Commandsclock rate & bandwidth (entered in
kilobits)
Viewing, & Saving Configurations
• Viewing & Saving Configurations– running-configrunning-config saved in DRAM– startup-configstartup-config saved in
NVRAMcopy run start
sh run
sh start
erase startup-config
Verifying Your Configuration
Tools:– show running-config– show startup-config– ping– show cdp nei detail– trace– telnet
Other Verification Methods
• Verifying with the show interface command– Router#show interface ?
• Verifying with the show ip interface command– Router#show ip interface– Router#show ip interface brief– Router#show controllers
Summary
• Go through all the written labs and review questions
• Review answers in class
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