CHAPTER

XIISELECTION AND

PREPARATION OF

INSTRUCTIONAL

MATERIALS-Dalisay V. Rigor, Ph.D.-

(Mary Krystle Dawn D. Sulleza )

MATERIALS

Aids to teaching and learning which

increase the effectiveness of the teacher.

Tools of the teacher, the amusement of the

learners and, the catalytic agents

TYPES OF MEDIA

RESOURCES

Audio Visual

Non- Projected Visual

Projected Visual

Audio Media

Multi-media

Film and Videos

Simulation and Gaming

Books and Duplicated Materials

Audio Visual Materials

--include non-projected visuals, projected

visuals, audio, media, multimedia, films and

videos, electronic distribution system,

computer-based instructional media and

simulations and games.

Non-Projected Visuals1. Chalkboards

--most versatile and useful visual aid that is

available.

2. Multipurpose boards

--used for more than one purpose.

3. Display Boards

--used for decorative, motivational, or

instructional purposes.

4. Graphic Materials

--non-photographic, two dimensional materials

designed specifically to communicate a

message to a viewer.

5. Still Pictures

--Photographic representations of people,

places, and things.

6. Flip Charts

--Pad or large-sized paper fastened together

at the top and mounted on a wooden or

metal end.

7. Maps and Globes

--provide information about surface features,

places, scientific data, social and cultural data,

political data, historical changes and

economic data.

8. Realia--Real Things; such as animals, plants,

artifacts, coins and minerals.

9. Models and Mock-ups--Allow learners to examine things often not

easily seen in real things.

10. Exhibits--Displays of various types of non-projected

visuals designed to form an integrated whole for

instructional purposes.

11. Dioramas--Static displays consisting of three dimensional

foreground and a flat background to create a

realistic effect.

Projected Visuals1. Overhead Projector

--transparencies are large shades for use with

an overhead projector by a presenter

positioned at the front of a lighted room.

2. Filmstrip--a roll of 35mm transparent film containing a

series of related still printers intended for

showing one at a time.

3. Slides--Small format photographic transpiring

individually mounted for one-at-a-time projection.

4. Opaque Projection--Method of enlarging and displaying non-

transparent material on a screen.

Audio Media1.Phonograph records

--can be used to communicate music, speeches,

drama, poetry, animal and nature sounds, and

numerous possible sounds with instrumental

applications.

2. Audiotapes--they are sound recordings on magnetic tape.

3. Computer Disc--it contains information to communicate

music, the spoken word, and other sounds.

4. Audio cards--it is a flash card with sound.

Multimedia

1. Multimedia Kits--collection of teaching/ learning materials

involving more than one type of medium and

organized around a simple topic.

2. Modules--learning activity package, an individualized

learning package.

3. Learning Center--an individualized environment designed to

encourage the student to use a variety of

instructional media.

4. Interactive Video--an instructional delivery system in which

recorded video material is presented under

computer control to viewers who not only see or

hear the pictures and sounds, but also made

active responses, with those responses

affecting the pace and sequence of the

presentation.

Film and Videos1. Electronic Distribution System

--transmits sounds and pictures over distances.

2. Computer-Based Instructional Materials--Microcomputers in the classroom have the

potential for a variety of uses that could

enhance learning and simplify some of the

tasks of the teacher.

Simulation and Gaming

Instructional Games--activities in which participants follow prescribed

rules that are different from those of reality as they

strive to attain a challenging goal.

Instructional Simulation-- recreates or represents an actual event or

situation that causes the learner to act, react, and

make decisions.

Books and Duplicated Materials1. Textbooks

--should be viewed as teaching aids and should

not be considered as the only source of printed

information to be used during instruction.

2. Resource Materials--used to enrich curriculum and enhance

classroom instructional activities.

3. Workbooks--used as supplement to textbook and

include a spare for students to write in their

answers to questions.

4. Duplicated Materials--teachers often use duplicated materials to

supplement other printed materials in the

textbook or resource books.

General Principles in Selecting Instructional Materials

1. Instructional media should follow, not dictate

learning objectives.

2. Instructors must be thoroughly familiar with the

content of all media used in instruction.

3. The instructional media must be appropriate to the

teaching formats being used.

4. Instructors should select only instructional media

that are consistent with student capabilities and

learning styles.

5. Instructional media should be chosen objectively

rather than on the basis of the teachers’ personal

preferences or bias.

6. Instructional media should be chosen on the basis

of their contributions to the learning outcomes

rather than on the basis of availability or ease of

use.

7. The physical conditions surrounding the

utilization of instructional media should be arranged

to enhance results.

8. Instructional materials produced locally by

instructors usually make significant contributions to

learning.

9. No one medium is best for all purposes.