Zastita Na Radu, Brosurica

8/13/2019 Zastita Na Radu, Brosurica

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Managing workplace hazards, andconsultation in the workplace

Aim

This unit of work aims to provide students with an understanding of:

o how to identify a workplace hazardo how to assess the risk of the hazard occurringo how to implement measures for controlling hazardso the role and responsibilities of health and safety representatives and committeeso the importance of consultation in the workplace.

Outcomes

On completion of this unit of work, students will be able to:

o define what a hazard is and be able to identify a workplace hazardo explain what risk management is and conduct a risk assessment activityo understand the measures that can be implemented to control the risks in a

workplace

o explain the role and responsibilities of health and safety representatives andOH committees.

o understand the importance of consultation in the workplace

Unit outline

Topic Content Related Activities

!orkplace hazards and risk

management

o !hat is a hazard"

o Hazard identification andrisk assessment

o #isk management

o Hazard control in theworkplace

o The working environment

o $ctivity %: &dentifying

hazards and riskmanagement

o $ctivity ': (ase studies

o afety )irst or *xpectthe !orst: $ctivities %+and %%

The role and responsibilitiesof health and safetycommittees andrepresentatives

o (onsultation in theworkplace

o The role of the health andsafety representative

o $ctivity : The OH $ct+++ -!orksheet %,

UNIT


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o The role of the health andsafety committee

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!hat is a hazard"

The Occupational Health and afety #egulation ++% defines a hazard as 2anything-including work practices or procedures that has the potential to harm the health or safetyof a person3.

Hazards can be grouped into five broad areas:o physical eg. noise, radiation, light, vibrationo chemical eg. poisons, dustso biological eg. viruses, plants, parasiteso mechanical4electrical eg. slips, trips and falls, tools, electrical e5uipmento psychological eg. fatigue, violence, bullying.

Hazards can arise from:o the work environment

o the use of machinery and substanceso poor work designo inappropriate systems and procedures

*xamples of workplace hazards include:o manual handling e.g pushing, pulling, carrying, liftingo work environment e.g. floor surfaces, noise, temperatureo machineryo heat e.g. burns and scaldso electricity e.g. electrocution

o harassment e.g. bullying and4or violenceo hazardous substances e.g. chemicals, fumeso biological wasteo skin penetrating in6uries e.g. knife or syringe in6urieso noiseo confined space

#ecognising the hazards in a workplace and taking steps to eliminate or control the hazardensures the safety and well being of all employees. &t is easier and more effective to

eliminate or control the hazard before serious in6uries result.

The Occupational Health and afety #egulation ++% states that an employer musteliminate any reasonably foreseeable risk to the health and safety of employees andothers in the workplace and if this is not practicable must control the risk.

Hazards can be dealt with by:o eliminating the hazardo changing the e5uipment or materialso changing work methodso using personal protection e5uipment -11* -as a last resort

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(Source: WorkCover, NSW)

#azard identi$ication and risk assessment

There are a number of ways hazards can be identified in the workplace. These include:o workplace inspectionso consultation between employees and employerso monitoring in6ury and illness recordso health and environment monitoringo recording complaintso observation

Once a hazard has been identified, you can then assess how dangerous it is by asking:o How likely is it that the hazard may cause an in6ury or illness to someone"o How severe will the in6ury or illness be"

The answers to these 5uestions will help in assessing, controlling or eliminating thehazard. The level of risk will determine the priority assigned to its elimination or control.

#isk is the probability that harm might come to a person. &t is a measure of how likely anin6ury or illness is when a hazard exists.

#isk assessment is the process used to determine the likelihood that people may beexposed to in6ury, illness or disease in the workplace arising from any situation identifiedduring the hazard identification process.

#ow likel% is it to happen"o &t could happen any time 7 very likelyo &t could happen sometime 7 likelyo &t could happen but very rarely 8 unlikelyo &t could happen but probably never happen 8 very unlikely

#ow &ad is it likel% to &e"o 9ill or cause permanent in6uryo (ause long term illness or serious in6uryo (ause someone to need medical attentiono (ause someone to need first aid

!ork(over provides a #isk $ssessment 0atrix to assist in the assessment of hazards inthe workplace. -Over page

Hazards can be rated on a scale of % to using the risk assessment matrix.o % is high risko is low risk

Once a hazard has been identified and the risk assessed, suitable control measures

should be put in place to eliminate the risk to employees3 health and safety.

/nit : 0anaging workplace hazards, and consultation in the workplace 1age ; of '%


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(Source: Hazpak: Making Your Workplace Safer, WorkCover NSW)

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The risk assessment matri'

() #ow severel%could it hurtsomeone"

OR

#ow ill couldit makesomeone"

) #ow likel% is it to &e that &ad"

**+er% likel%

(ould happenany time

*ikel%

(ould happensome time

-Unlikel%

Couldhappen,but very rarely

- -+er% unlikel%

Couldhappen,but probably

never will

.... /ill or causepermanentdisa&ilit% orill health % % '

... ong termillness orseriousin0ur% % ' ;

.. Medicalattentionand severalda%s o$$work

' ; ou are not immortal.

A9/ %our supervisor

o !hat are the dangers o$ m% 0o&"

o !hat are the hazards"

o 9hould I have an% 0o& sa$et% training"

o 6o I need an% personal protective e4uipment"

o !hat training is needed on how to use m% 332"

o !here are the $irst aid $acilities"

o !ho is the $irst aid person"

o !hat do I do i$ I get in0ured"

o !here are the $ire e'tinguishers"

o !here are the emergenc% e'its"

o #ow will I know i$ there is an emergenc%"

o !hat should I do in an emergenc%"

o

!ho do I go to in the workplacei$ I have a health orsa$et% 4uestion"


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Managing workplace hazards

9tudent Activit% (? Identi$%ing hazards and risk management

$nswer the following 5uestions.

% Dist ' hazards that you may find in each of the following workplaces:

a Office

b Hotel

c )actory

d )arm

e ?uilding site

Dist in6uries that may result from each of the following hazards:

a 0anual handling

b =oise

c Hazardous substances

' (omplete the attached worksheet on hazards in your school.

/nit : 0anaging workplace hazards, and consultation in the workplace 1age %< of '%


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#azards, Risks and Controls !orksheet

(omplete the following worksheet using your school as an example. Dist hazards you have observed in different areas of the school. >escribe the risks associated with each hazard. uggest ways that the risks associated with the hazard may be controlled.

1laces to observe may include computer rooms, the kitchens, industrial arts rooms, the library, the front office, classrooms, theplayground

#azard @pro&lem

Eanything that can lead to someonedeveloping an illness or being in6uredF

Risk @harm

Ethe potential to cause harm to people orpropertyF

Controls @solution

E*liminate, change the e5uipment ormaterials, change work methods, usepersonal protectionF

*xample: 0anual Handling 0uscle strain?ack in6uries

(hange work practice to ensure correctprocedures are followed.

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/nit : 0anaging workplace hazards, and consultation in the workplace 1age %@ of '%


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Consultation in the workplace

9tudent Activit% ? The Occupational #ealth and 9a$et% Act BBB -!orksheet (

=o to the we&site: http?;;www)austlii)edu)au;au;legis;nsw;consolact;ohasaBBBDE;

(lick on Item (E8 >uty of employer to consult in 1art 7 >uties #elating To Health, afety$nd !elfare $t !ork, >ivision 8 >uty to consult.

ection %' deals with the re5uirement for the employer to consult or discuss with employeesany issues related to health and safety, allowing employees the chance to contribute to anydecisions that are made on health, safety and welfare.

#ead the information and answer the following:

%. !hy must an employer consult with or discuss health and safety issues withemployees"

. !hat are the maximum penalties for those employers who fail to consult withemployees"

'. How does an employer consult with employees on health and safety issues" -=ote:Gou will need to refer to &tem % to help you answer this.

/nit : 0anaging workplace hazards, and consultation in the workplace 1age %B of '%
http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/ohasa2000273/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/ohasa2000273/


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The Occupational #ealth and 9a$et% Act BBB - !orksheet

=o to the we&site? http?;;www)austlii)edu)au;au;legis;nsw;consolact;ohasaBBBDE;

(lick on Item (F7 )unctions of OH committees and OH representatives in 1art 7 >uties#elating To Health, afety $nd !elfare $t !ork, >ivision 8 >uty to consult.

Occupational #ealth and 9a$et% Committee)&f an employer employs twenty or more people and the ma6ority of employees re5uest theestablishment of a Occupational Health and afety (ommittee then a committee must beestablished.

Occupational #ealth and 9a$et% Representatives$n Occupational Health and afety #epresentative must be elected for the purpose ofconsultation if at least one employee makes this re5uest.

#ead through the details on this web page and list the three main functions of OccupationalHealth and afety (ommittees.

/nit : 0anaging workplace hazards, and consultation in the workplace 1age %C of '%
http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/ohasa2000273/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/ohasa2000273/


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Case 9tudies > workplace hazards

9tudent Activit% E

#ead the case studies provided and answer the 5uestions that follow each case study.

Case 9tud% (? 6emolition compan% $ined GDH,BBB $ollowing accident

The lack of clear instructions and proper supervision in the dangerous business of demolitionlay at the core of a breach of the Occupational Health and afety $ct that resulted in a@elta 1ty Dtd in the &ndustrial #elations (ommission.

This conclusion by Iustice ?oland in the case that led to two workers sustaining seriousin6uries after a building collapsed sent a clear safety message to all demolition operators, the$cting Jeneral 0anager of !ork(over =! said today.

&n %CC@ the defendant was contracted to demolish a number of buildings on the )ox tudiopremises in ydney.

On '+ 0ay one of the buildings was being demolished in a method known as controlledcollapse.

Two employees of the defendant were on a scissor lift cutting timber purlins inside the buildingwhen the structure collapsed, toppling the lift.

One worker sustained a compound fracture to one arm, in6uries to the liver, fractured ribs anda fractured pelvis.

The other employee suffered a fractured pelvis, loss of several teeth, and in6uries to histendon, cheek and mouth.

The court heard that hinge cuts and rust in several of the building3s steel supports hadweakened the structure and contributed to its collapse.

Iustice ?oland said that the absence of the demolition supervisor as approved by thedefendant3s state manager, and his replacement with someone who was not experienced

enough for such a dangerous operation, was a serious error of 6udgement in respect of thedefendant3s responsibilities under the Occupational Health and afety $ct.

(Source: WorkCover 'u!ori!y of NSW)

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Case 9tud% (


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Case 9tud% : !orkCover protects %oung emplo%ees ( :anuar% BB(

!ork(over =! today launched a %.@million public education campaign targeted specificallyat the health and safety of young workers. KGoung people are particularly vulnerable to

workplace in6ury because of their inexperience,K said the (hairperson of the ?oard of!ork(over, the Hon Ioe #iordan, $O.

0r. #iordan launched the campaign at the =ewcastle !orkers (lub accompanied by local1aralympian Heath )rancis, who is sponsored by !ork(over. Heath was in6ured in aworkplace accident at the age of seven.

K*mployers must be aware of their legal obligation to provide a safe workplace for all theiremployees, but we are reminding them to pay special attention to the needs of youngworkers,K said 0r. #iordan.

KOver B,;++ workers under the age of < were in6ured at their place of employment in =ewouth !ales in the %CCB4CC period,K he said.

K&n this same period, nine young workers were tragically killed at work, in accidents that couldhave been prevented.

Kome of these people were on their first day at work.

K&t3s simply unacceptable,K 0r. #iordan said.

The public education campaign, consisting of television and radio commercials, has beendesigned to graphically illustrate that there is no substitute for proper training and supervisionto ensure safety in the workplace.

K)rom the very first day a young person begins a 6ob, they must be trained to do that 6ob withsafety as the prime consideration,K 0r. #iordan said.

KThe Occupational Health and afety $ct provides penalties of up to B@


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Case 9tud%


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aws that protect workplace health and sa$et%

9tudent Activit% ? Roles and Responsi&ilities in the !orkplace

Outcomes? tudents will be able to:o demonstrate an awareness that each section of the workplace has

legal responsibilities in regard to Occupational Health and afetyo recognise and distinguish between the duties and responsibilities of

the employer

the employee

the OH committee and OH representative

the !ork(over inspector

Resources?

o Overhead transparencies:

&nstructions to students

uggested answers

o $ctivity cards 8 set of ;+ cards with each card having a role or responsibility of one ofthe various groups. One set for each group. Teachers will need to prepare these cards.$ master card sheet is supplied for photocopying.

o ; boards 8 one for each group:

employer

employee

health and safety representative

!ork(over inspector

Activit% Outline?

o >ivide the class into groups of ' or ;.o *ach group should have a set of ;+ cards and a set of ; boards with headings of

employer, employee, heath and safety representative, !ork(over inspector.o tudents in each group are to discuss the role or responsibility printed on each card.

tudents decide which group has the responsibility printed on the card.o tudents place the card on the board that matches the responsibility with the workplace

group responsible.

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Gou are to work in groups of ' to ;.

0ake sure you have a set of ;+ cards and a set of ; boards.

Take each card and discuss with the other members in yourgroup who you think has responsibility for that role, i.e is it the

employer, the employee, the health and safety representativeor the !ork(over inspector"

1lace the card on the appropriate board so that therole4responsibility matches the workplace group responsible.


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Card set > roles and responsi&ilities1rovide a safeworkingenvironment

&nvestigate anymatter that maybe a risk

1rovidesupervision soemployees canwork safely

Tidy or removeany trippinghazards in yourworkplace.

1rovide andmaintain safeplant -machinery,e5uipment

$ttempt toresolve anyworkplace safetyissues.

*stablish a healthand safetycommittee

0ust not preventaid to an in6uredworker

&dentify, accessand eliminaterisks

&nvestigate anysuspected breachof OHlegislation

1rovide first 8 aidfacilities

1rovide amenities-drinkingwater,washrooms etc

1rovide

information onworkplacehazards

(arry out medical

examinations withtheemployee3sconsent

1rovide protective

e5uipment andclothing

#egulate the

speed andfre5uency of work

Take care of thehealth and safetyof yourself andothers

#estrict access toor dismantlethings on thepremises

1rovide guardson dangerousmachines

*nsure a safesystem of work

Talk to employer

about health orsafety hazards

#e5uire any

person to answer5uestions

1rovide storage

areas fore5uipment

#e5uest a

!orkcover&nspectorinvestigation

(o7operate withemployer onsafety and healthmatters

1rovide clean andtidy work areas

/se e5uipmentfor its intendeduse

$ccompany a!orkcover&nspector duringan inspection

#eport anyincident, accident

or near miss

1rovideventilation

systems for dustremoval

(orrectly useprotective

e5uipment4clothing

$ccompany anemployee, if

re5uested, duringan interview onan OH matter

?e paid time toattend OHLcourses approvedby !ork(over

1rovideappropriatetraining andinstruction

#ead safetyinformation andfollow safety rules

?e consultedabout any

proposedchanges to theworkplace

1rovideinformation and

training onchemicals

Take care to usee5uipment safely

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!hat is a hazard" O#T

o An%thing @including work practices or

procedures that has the potential to harm the

health or sa$et% o$ a person)

T%pes o$ hazards?o ph%sical eg) noise, radiation, light, vi&ration

o chemical eg) poisons, dusts

o

&iological eg) viruses, plants, parasiteso mechanical;electrical eg) slips, trips and $alls,

tools, electrical e4uipmento ps%chological eg) $atigue, violence, &ull%ing

#azards can arise $rom?o the work environment

o the use o$ machiner% and su&stanceso poor work design

o inappropriate s%stems and procedures

Control hazards &%?o !orkplace inspections

o Consultation

o Monitoring in0ur% and illness records

o Recording complaints

o O&servation

6ealing with hazards?o 2liminate the hazard

o Change the e4uipment or materialso Change work methods

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o Use personal protection e4uipment @332

Risk management O#T

o

Identi$% the hazard /now what the dangers are in the workplace)

/eep records o$ accidents and in0uries,conduct sa$et% inspections o$ the workplaceand list all plant and hazardous su&stances)

o Assess the risk 6etermine what the risk is that someone ma%

&e in0ured) Assess how likel% it is that ahazardous event will occur and what theconse4uences are likel% to &e)

o Control the risk Implement measures to prevent in0ur% or

illness) 1irst tr% to eliminate the risk) I$ this isnot possi&le, the risk should &e minimisedusing su&stitution, modi$ications, isolation orengineering controls) 8ack-up controls suchas personal protective e4uipment should onl%

&e used as a last resort)

o Monitor and improve the workplace Control measures should &e reviewed to

maintain their e$$ectiveness and $urther re$inethe process)

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#ierarch% o$ Control O#T

I$ eliminating a hazard is not possi&le, then?

o 9u&stitute

o Isolate

oMinimise > 2ngineering

o

Minimise > Administrative

o 332

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Roles and Responsi&ilities O#T

/nit : 0anaging workplace hazards, and consultation in the workplace 1age '+ of '%

!OR/CO+2R IN932CTOR9

Investigate an% suspected &reach o$ theoccupational health and sa$et% legislation)

OCCU3ATIONA #2AT# AN6 9A12T7COMMITT229 AN6 R23R292NTATI+29

o /eep under review the measures

taken to ensure health and sa$et%

o Investigate an% matter that poses a

risk

o Attempt to resolve a health and sa$et%

issue

o Re4uest an investigation &% a

!orkCover inspector

o Consult with a !orkCover inspectorand accompan% them on an

investigation, i$ re4uired


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2M3O72R

Must

o 3rovide a sa$e working environment

o 3rovide a sa$e s%stem o$ work

o 3rovide proper training and in$ormationo Identi$% hazards, assess the risks and eliminate or

control the risks

o 3rovide supervision

o 9uppl% personal protective e4uipment and clothing

o Consult with emplo%ees

o 3rovide amenities

o 3rovide $irst aid $acilities and personnel

o 3rovide $or emergencies

o 2nsure O#9 committee mem&ers and representatives

are trained

o Not victimise or unlaw$ull% dismiss an emplo%ee

o Not char e em lo ees $or thin s done

2M3O722

o Must take reasona&le care $or the health and sa$et% o$

people who are at their place o$ worko Must co-operate with their emplo%er or other person

o Must noti$% the emplo%er or supervisor o$ an% risk to health

and sa$et%o Must not deli&eratel% create a risk to health and sa$et%

o Must not inter$ere with or misuse things provided $or

health, sa$et% and wel$areo Must not hinder aid to an in0ured worker

o Must not re$use assistance in either receiving aid or giving

aido Must not disrupt the workplace &% creating health or sa$et%

$ears

Note? 9tudents in the workplace should also $ollow these guidelinesto ensure the sa$et o$ themselves and others

Documents

Zastita Na Radu, Brosurica