The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov

FLT 252Spring 2012

End of the Nineteenth Century in Russia

End of the Nineteenth Century in Russia

• Industrialization had effected Western Europe

End of the Nineteenth Century in Russia

• Industrialization had effected Western Europe• 90% of Russian population still rural

End of the Nineteenth Century in Russia

• Industrialization had effected Western Europe• 90% of Russian population still rural • Unlikely place for socialist revolution

End of the Nineteenth Century in Russia

• Industrialization had effected Western Europe• 90% of Russian population still rural • Unlikely place for socialist revolution• 1861 Serfdom is formally abolished

End of the Nineteenth Century in Russia

• Industrialization had effected Western Europe• 90% of Russian population still rural • Unlikely place for socialist revolution• 1861 Serfdom is formally abolished• Nevertheless, difference between rich and poor is large

End of the Nineteenth Century in Russia

• Industrialization had effected Western Europe• 90% of Russian population still rural • Unlikely place for socialist revolution• 1861 Serfdom is formally abolished• Nevertheless, difference between rich and poor is large• Czar Nicolas II becomes focus of protests

1903

1903

• 30 July: first conference begins in Brussels and moves to London

1903

• 30 July: first conference begins in Brussels and moves to London• Editorial staff for The Spark is decided

1903

• 30 July: first conference begins in Brussels and moves to London• Editorial staff for The Spark is decided• Vladimir Lenin comes out as the winner

1903

• 30 July: first conference begins in Brussels and moves to London• Editorial staff for The Spark is decided• Vladimir Lenin comes out as the winner• He heads the majority Bolsheviks (coming from bolshe meaning “more”)

1903

• 30 July: first conference begins in Brussels and moves to London• Editorial staff for The Spark is decided• Vladimir Lenin comes out as the winner• He heads the majority Bolsheviks (coming from bolshe meaning “more”)• Opposed to the Mensheviks (coming from menshe meaning less)

1903

• 30 July: first conference begins in Brussels and moves to London• Editorial staff for The Spark is decided• Vladimir Lenin comes out as the winner• He heads the majority Bolsheviks (coming from bolshe meaning “more”)• Opposed to the Mensheviks (coming from menshe meaning less)

• Mensheviks want to cooperate with the Czar to produce reformations

1903

• 30 July: first conference begins in Brussels and moves to London• Editorial staff for The Spark is decided• Vladimir Lenin comes out as the winner• He heads the majority Bolsheviks (coming from bolshe meaning “more”)• Opposed to the Mensheviks (coming from menshe meaning less)

• Mensheviks want to cooperate with the Czar to produce reformations• Bolsheviks are revolutionary and want to remove the state machinery completely

1903

• 30 July: first conference begins in Brussels and moves to London• Editorial staff for The Spark is decided• Vladimir Lenin comes out as the winner• He heads the majority Bolsheviks (coming from bolshe meaning “more”)• Opposed to the Mensheviks (coming from menshe meaning less)

• Mensheviks want to cooperate with the Czar to produce reformations• Bolsheviks are revolutionary and want to remove the state machinery completely• At a later stage, the same Bolsheviks present at this meeting would adopt the name The Communist Party of the Soviet Union

1904: Japan defeats Russian navy in various battles. Strikes begin in capital of Saint Petersburg

9 January 1905: “Bloody Sunday” massacre

9 January 1905: “Bloody Sunday” massacre

1914-1916: Czar involves Russia in WWI where his soldiers suffer terribly. Starvation and food riots spread with anger towards the Czar’s regime.

1917-1920: Revolution and Civil War

• 25 February 1917: second general strike; army refuses to intervene

1917-1920: Revolution and Civil War

• 25 February 1917: second general strike; army refuses to intervene• 26 February 1917: alternative government created, Leon Trotsky as president

1917-1920: Revolution and Civil War

• 25 February 1917: second general strike; army refuses to intervene• 26 February 1917: alternative government created, Leon Trotsky as president• 2 March 1917: Czar abdicates; Lenin returns from Switzerland; Joseph Stalin from Siberia

1917-1920: Revolution and Civil War

• 25 February 1917: second general strike; army refuses to intervene• 26 February 1917: alternative government created, Leon Trotsky as president• 2 March 1917: Czar abdicates; Lenin returns from Switzerland; Joseph Stalin from Siberia• Civil war begins between “Whites” (loyal to the Czar) and “Reds”

“White” army Cossacks

1917-1920: Revolution and Civil War

• 25 February 1917: second general strike; army refuses to intervene• 26 February 1917: alternative government created, Leon Trotsky as president• 2 March 1917: Czar abdicates; Lenin returns from Switzerland; Joseph Stalin from Siberia• Civil war begins between “Whites” (loyal to the Czar) and “Reds”• 16 July 1918: Czar and his family are killed

1917-1920: Revolution and Civil War

• 25 February 1917: second general strike; army refuses to intervene• 26 February 1917: alternative government created, Leon Trotsky as president• 2 March 1917: Czar abdicates; Lenin returns from Switzerland; Joseph Stalin from Siberia• Civil war begins between “Whites” (loyal to the Czar) and “Reds”• 16 July 1918: Czar and his family are killed• Civil War is terrible;

1917-1920: Revolution and Civil War

• 25 February 1917: second general strike; army refuses to intervene• 26 February 1917: alternative government created, Leon Trotsky as president• 2 March 1917: Czar abdicates; Lenin returns from Switzerland; Joseph Stalin from Siberia• Civil war begins between “Whites” (loyal to the Czar) and “Reds”• 16 July 1918: Czar and his family are killed• Civil War is terrible; over 15 million die

1917-1920: Revolution and Civil War

• 25 February 1917: second general strike; army refuses to intervene• 26 February 1917: alternative government created, Leon Trotsky as president• 2 March 1917: Czar abdicates; Lenin returns from Switzerland; Joseph Stalin from Siberia• Civil war begins between “Whites” (loyal to the Czar) and “Reds”• 16 July 1918: Czar and his family are killed• Civil War is terrible; over 15 million die• 1920: Trotsky’s Red Army defeats the Whites

1917-1920: Revolution and Civil War

• 25 February 1917: second general strike; army refuses to intervene• 26 February 1917: alternative government created, Leon Trotsky as president• 2 March 1917: Czar abdicates; Lenin returns from Switzerland; Joseph Stalin from Siberia• Civil war begins between “Whites” (loyal to the Czar) and “Reds”• 16 July 1918: Czar and his family are killed• Civil War is terrible; over 15 million die• 1920: Trotsky’s Red Army defeats the Whites• 1922 Lenin dies;

1917-1920: Revolution and Civil War

• 25 February 1917: second general strike; army refuses to intervene• 26 February 1917: alternative government created, Leon Trotsky as president• 2 March 1917: Czar abdicates; Lenin returns from Switzerland; Joseph Stalin from Siberia• Civil war begins between “Whites” (loyal to the Czar) and “Reds”• 16 July 1918: Czar and his family are killed• Civil War is terrible; over 15 million die• 1920: Trotsky’s Red Army defeats the Whites• 1924 Lenin dies; Stalin becomes his successor

• 1927: engineers put on show trial

• 1927: engineers put on show trial• 1928: first “Five-Year Plan” begins collectivization of agriculture and industry

• 1927: engineers put on show trial• 1928: first “Five-Year Plan” begins collectivization of agriculture and industry• Some resistance is offered; results in millions being deported

• 1927: engineers put on show trial• 1928: first “Five-Year Plan” begins collectivization of agriculture and industry• Some resistance is offered; results in millions being deported• 1929: “Collectivization without Limits” begins; any resistance is dealt with harshly

• 1927: engineers put on show trial• 1928: first “Five-Year Plan” begins collectivization of agriculture and industry• Some resistance is offered; results in millions being deported• 1929: “Collectivization without Limits” begins; any resistance is dealt with harshly• April 1929: secret police and show trials take active roles

• 1927: engineers put on show trial• 1928: first “Five-Year Plan” begins collectivization of agriculture and industry• Some resistance is offered; results in millions being deported• 1929: “Collectivization without Limits” begins; any resistance is dealt with harshly• April 1929: secret police and show trials take active roles• 1929: Religion is purged; more than 80% go into exile

• 1927: engineers put on show trial• 1928: first “Five-Year Plan” begins collectivization of agriculture and industry• Some resistance is offered; results in millions being deported• 1929: “Collectivization without Limits” begins; any resistance is dealt with harshly• April 1929: secret police and show trials take active roles• 1929: Religion is purged; more than 80% go into exile• 1930: Intelligentsia is purged

• 1927: engineers put on show trial• 1928: first “Five-Year Plan” begins collectivization of agriculture and industry• Some resistance is offered; results in millions being deported• 1929: “Collectivization without Limits” begins; any resistance is dealt with harshly• April 1929: secret police and show trials take active roles• 1929: Religion is purged; more than 80% go into exile• 1930: Intelligentsia is purged• 1931: Russian Association of Proletarian Writers is created

• 1927: engineers put on show trial• 1928: first “Five-Year Plan” begins collectivization of agriculture and industry• Some resistance is offered; results in millions being deported• 1929: “Collectivization without Limits” begins; any resistance is dealt with harshly• April 1929: secret police and show trials take active roles• 1929: Religion is purged; more than 80% go into exile• 1930: Intelligentsia is purged• 1931: Russian Association of Proletarian Writers is created• 1931-1932: Worst famine ever known in the country pushes millions to cities

• 1927: engineers put on show trial• 1928: first “Five-Year Plan” begins collectivization of agriculture and industry• Some resistance is offered; results in millions being deported• 1929: “Collectivization without Limits” begins; any resistance is dealt with harshly• April 1929: secret police and show trials take active roles• 1929: Religion is purged; more than 80% go into exile• 1930: Intelligentsia is purged• 1931: Russian Association of Proletarian Writers is created• 1931-1932: Worst famine ever known in the country pushes millions to cities• Harsh laws to maintain order; thousands killed, deported, or missing

• 1927: engineers put on show trial• 1928: first “Five-Year Plan” begins collectivization of agriculture and industry• Some resistance is offered; results in millions being deported• 1929: “Collectivization without Limits” begins; any resistance is dealt with harshly• April 1929: secret police and show trials take active roles• 1929: Religion is purged; more than 80% go into exile• 1930: Intelligentsia is purged• 1931: Russian Association of Proletarian Writers is created• 1931-1932: Worst famine ever known in the country pushes millions to cities• Harsh laws to maintain order; thousands killed, deported, or missing• Stalin’s wife commits suicide (1932)

• 1927: engineers put on show trial• 1928: first “Five-Year Plan” begins collectivization of agriculture and industry• Some resistance is offered; results in millions being deported• 1929: “Collectivization without Limits” begins; any resistance is dealt with harshly• April 1929: secret police and show trials take active roles• 1929: Religion is purged; more than 80% go into exile• 1930: Intelligentsia is purged• 1931: Russian Association of Proletarian Writers is created• 1931-1932: Worst famine ever known in the country pushes millions to cities• Harsh laws to maintain order; thousands killed, deported, or missing• Stalin’s wife commits suicide (1932)• 1933: First Five-Year Plan is declared “accomplished”

• 1927: engineers put on show trial• 1928: first “Five-Year Plan” begins collectivization of agriculture and industry• Some resistance is offered; results in millions being deported• 1929: “Collectivization without Limits” begins; any resistance is dealt with harshly• April 1929: secret police and show trials take active roles• 1929: Religion is purged; more than 80% go into exile• 1930: Intelligentsia is purged• 1931: Russian Association of Proletarian Writers is created• 1931-1932: Worst famine ever known in the country pushes millions to cities• Harsh laws to maintain order; thousands killed, deported, or missing• Stalin’s wife commits suicide (1932)• 1933: First Five-Year Plan is declared “accomplished” • Etc……….

1909

19091910s

19091910s 1926

19091910s 1926 Early 1930s

19091910s 1926 Early 1930s

1936

19091910s 1926 Early 1930s

1936 1940

• Mikhail Afanashevich Bulgakov was born on 3 May 1891 in Kiev, Ukraine's current capital

• Mikhail Afanashevich Bulgakov was born on 3 May 1891 in Kiev, Ukraine's current capital• One of seven children

• Mikhail Afanashevich Bulgakov was born on 3 May 1891 in Kiev, Ukraine's current capital• One of seven children• Father was a professor of Theology

• Mikhail Afanashevich Bulgakov was born on 3 May 1891 in Kiev, Ukraine's current capital• One of seven children• Father was a professor of Theology• Studied medicine

• 1913: married the actress Tatiana Nikolaevna Lappa

• 1913: married the actress Tatiana Nikolaevna Lappa• 1918: moved into this house; started medical practice

• 1913: married the actress Tatiana Nikolaevna Lappa• 1918: moved into this house; started medical practice • During Civil War was drafted several times as a doctor; fought for the White Army

• 1913: married the actress Tatiana Nikolaevna Lappa• 1918: moved into this house; started medical practice • During Civil War was drafted several times as a doctor; fought for the White Army• Began to write

• 1913: married the actress Tatiana Nikolaevna Lappa• 1918: moved into this house; started medical practice • During Civil War was drafted several times as a doctor; fought for the White Army• Began to write• 1921: war ends; moves to Moscow to pursue writing

• Works as journalist and also writes theatre pieces

• Works as journalist and also writes theatre pieces• First divorce; marries Lyubov Yevgenyeva Belozerskaya

• Works as journalist and also writes theatre pieces• First divorce; marries Lyubov Yevgenyeva Belozerskaya• Begins to write satire-filled novels

“My spirit is satirical. And I write stories that are probably unpleasant to the communist regime. But I always write exactly what I see, honestly! The negative in the land of the Soviets draws my attention and it is feeding my work as a satirist.”

• Works as journalist and also writes theatre pieces• First divorce; marries Lyubov Yevgenyeva Belozerskaya• Begins to write satire-filled novels• Play “The White Guard” demonstrates sympathy to the “Whites”

• Works as journalist and also writes theatre pieces• First divorce; marries Lyubov Yevgenyeva Belozerskaya• Begins to write satire-filled novels• Play “The White Guard” demonstrates sympathy to the “Whites”• Rewritten it appears as “The Day of the Turbins”; Stalin likes it

• Works as journalist and also writes theatre pieces• First divorce; marries Lyubov Yevgenyeva Belozerskaya• Begins to write satire-filled novels• Play “The White Guard” demonstrates sympathy to the “Whites”• Rewritten it appears as “The Day of the Turbins”; Stalin likes it• Nevertheless, censorship begins in earnest

• On September 15, 1929 the newspaper Izvestia wrote: "His talent is patently obvious, but so is the reactionary social character of his work".

• On September 15, 1929 the newspaper Izvestia wrote: "His talent is patently obvious, but so is the reactionary social character of his work". • сукин сын (son of a bitch)

• On September 15, 1929 the newspaper Izvestia wrote: "His talent is patently obvious, but so is the reactionary social character of his work". • сукин сын (son of a bitch)• мурло (dirty snout)

• On September 15, 1929 the newspaper Izvestia wrote: "His talent is patently obvious, but so is the reactionary social character of his work". • сукин сын (son of a bitch)• мурло (dirty snout) • литературний уборщик (literary scavenger)

• On September 15, 1929 the newspaper Izvestia wrote: "His talent is patently obvious, but so is the reactionary social character of his work". • сукин сын (son of a bitch)• мурло (dirty snout) • литературний уборщик (literary scavenger)• "Micha Bulgakov rummages around on rubbish dumps.“

• On September 15, 1929 the newspaper Izvestia wrote: "His talent is patently obvious, but so is the reactionary social character of his work". • сукин сын (son of a bitch)• мурло (dirty snout) • литературний уборщик (literary scavenger)• "Micha Bulgakov rummages around on rubbish dumps.“• “He roots in the leftovers after a dozen of guests has thrown up."

• On September 15, 1929 the newspaper Izvestia wrote: "His talent is patently obvious, but so is the reactionary social character of his work". • сукин сын (son of a bitch)• мурло (dirty snout) • литературний уборщик (literary scavenger)• "Micha Bulgakov rummages around on rubbish dumps.“• “He roots in the leftovers after a dozen of guests has thrown up." • "I'm a sensitive guy, I'll just bash his head down with a sink."

• On September 15, 1929 the newspaper Izvestia wrote: "His talent is patently obvious, but so is the reactionary social character of his work". • сукин сын (son of a bitch)• мурло (dirty snout) • литературний уборщик (literary scavenger)• "Micha Bulgakov rummages around on rubbish dumps.“• “He roots in the leftovers after a dozen of guests has thrown up." • "I'm a sensitive guy, I'll just bash his head down with a sink." • 28 March 1930: in ten year of authorship, 301 articles on him in the soviet press "among which: laudatory - 3, hostile-abusive - 298".

• On September 15, 1929 the newspaper Izvestia wrote: "His talent is patently obvious, but so is the reactionary social character of his work". • сукин сын (son of a bitch)• мурло (dirty snout) • литературний уборщик (literary scavenger)• "Micha Bulgakov rummages around on rubbish dumps.“• “He roots in the leftovers after a dozen of guests has thrown up." • "I'm a sensitive guy, I'll just bash his head down with a sink." • 28 March 1930: in ten year of authorship, 301 articles on him in the soviet press "among which: laudatory - 3, hostile-abusive - 298". • "I demand the government of the USSR to order me urgently to leave the borders of the USSR accompanied by my wife Lyubov Evgenyeva Bulgakova".

• Stalin replies

• Stalin replies• Given job at Moscow Art Theatre

• Stalin replies• Given job at Moscow Art Theatre• Marries long-time lover Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya (model for relationship)

• Stalin replies• Given job at Moscow Art Theatre• Marries long-time lover Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya (model for relationship) • Made safer adaptations of established works

• Stalin replies• Given job at Moscow Art Theatre• Marries long-time lover Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya (model for relationship) • Made safer adaptations of established works• Falls out of favor again making play about Stalin

• Stalin replies• Given job at Moscow Art Theatre• Marries long-time lover Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya (model for relationship) • Made safer adaptations of established works• Falls out of favor again making play about Stalin• Dies on 10 March 1940

1928/1929 - 1940

1928/1929 – 1940

Six + versions of the text

1928/1929 – 1940

Six + versions of the text

“Manuscripts do not burn”

The White ChancellorSatanHere I Am (Faust Opera)The Hat with the FeatherThe Black TheologianHe AppearedThe Foreigner’s HoofThere He Is!The Black MagicianThe Hoof of the Advisor

• Wednesday until the night between Saturday and Sunday

• Wednesday until the night between Saturday and Sunday• Corresponds to the Christian Holy Week

• Wednesday until the night between Saturday and Sunday• Corresponds to the Christian Holy Week• Jewish Passover

• Wednesday until the night between Saturday and Sunday• Corresponds to the Christian Holy Week• Jewish Passover • Marianne Gourg argues it is also Walpurgis night and its Witches’ Sabbath

• Wednesday until the night between Saturday and Sunday• Corresponds to the Christian Holy Week• Jewish Passover • Marianne Gourg argues it is also Walpurgis night and its Witches’ Sabbath• Most probably 1929

“One hot spring evening, just as the sun was going down, two men appeared at Patriarch’s Ponds…”