Smart Grids in India:

A Way ForwardA Way Forward

1

Dr. VSK Murthy Balijepalli

NSGM (MoP)/ India Smart Grid Task Force

Inter-Ministerial Group

What What is Sustainability?is Sustainability?

“Meeting the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future

2

compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs.”

Smart Grid-Concept

Wind Generation

Solar GenerationSmart Transmission & Distribution

Thermal Generation

Energy Storage

Image Source: www.sas.com

3

3

Smart Home

Nuclear Generation

Customer Service Monitoring & Control

Smart Building

Smart Vehicle

Energy Storage

3

Multi-directional ‘flows’

Smart Grid Environment

Seamless integration

End-consumer real time Information & participation

EHV transmission blocks

RT Monitoring

Central & dispersed sources

PHEV usage

Central & dispersed intelligence

Seamless integration of new applications

Smart materials and power electronics

4

Improving the efficiency and reliability of the grid

Grid Optimization

Smart Grid Applications

Storage solution and can supply electricity

back to the Grid

Electric Vehicles and Storage

Demand Response / Peak Load

Management

Load Management & Energy Efficiency

Efficient integration of Renewable Energy/B2G

with the current Electricity Grid

Renewable and DER Integration

Tapping the potential of RE and improving the

reliability of the grid.

Micro-grid

5

Image source: http://www.genitronsviluppo.com/2012/04/30/smart-cities-siemens/

� Asset Optimization

� Reduction of T&D losses

� Improved Collection eff.

� Peak load management

� Reduced Power Cost

� Increased grid visibility

� Self-healing grid

� Renewable integration

� Higher Accessibility

� Improved Power reliability

� Backup requirement redn.

� Quality Power

� User friendly

� Transparent interface

� ToU tariff, DR programs

� Net metering etc.

Benefits of Smart Grid Deployment

6

� Satisfied customers

� Financially sound utilities

� Tariff neutral system

modernization

� Reduction in emission

intensity

Relevance of Smart Grid in India

Power system in India has roughly doubled in last decade, growing at

8-10%/yr

Generation installed capacity of 215 GW, 4th

largest in World

“No access” to electricity for 30%

Indians

Per-capita consumption is Demand by 2032 is

12th Plan target for RE

7

Per-capita consumption is just one-fourth of World

average, tendency to grow rapidly due to

electrification

Demand by 2032 is estimated above 900

GW.

12th Plan target for RE generation is 36 GW.

Current 12% share of RE will be > 20% by 2020.

National Mission on Electric Mobility: target of 6 Million EVs by 2020

An increased share of RE requires smarter

systems to manage it efficiently, and ensure its stability & reliability

Morgan Brazilian, et.al, VSK Murthy Balijepalli, “Smart and Just Grids”, UNIDO Publication

Smart Grid in India

Stakeholder Expectations

• Quality “Power for All”

• Improve reliability of supply to all customers – no power cuts!

• Improve quality of supply –no more voltage stabilizers!

• User friendly and

• Reduction of AT&C losses in all utilities to 15% or below

• Peak load management

• Reduction in power purchase cost

• Better asset management

• Satisfied customers

• Financially sound utilities

• Tariff neutral system upgrade and modernization

• Reduction in emission intensity• User friendly and

transparent interface with utilities

• Increased choices of service and tariff etc

Customers

• Better asset management

• Increased grid visibility

• Self healing

• Renewable integration

Utilities

intensity

Government & Regulators

8

Smart Grid Priorities

Manage peak Integrate No more power cuts, Prosumer

enablement

Reduce AT&C losses, improve

QoS

Manage peak power,

Demand Response, EV proliferation

Integrate Renewables/ Distributed Generation efficiently

9

Smart Grid Developments in India

14 Smart Grid Pilot Projects sanctioned

Smart Grid Road Map for India released

Smart Grid Knowledge Portal launched

Specifications for single Work on development of Smart Grid Standards has

Draft Model Smart Grid

10

Specifications for single phase smart meters

formulated

Work on development of Smart Grid Standards has been underway through

BIS

Draft Model Smart Grid Regulations formulated

and shared with FoR

Interaction with International

organizations like ISGAN, IEEE, NEDO etc

Capacity Building being undertaken for Utilities

India as part of Global Smart Grid

activities

CIGRE

ISGAN

11

Global Smart Grid Federation

ADB Regional Task Force on Smart Grid

Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) 2.0

SG Pilot Projects in India• Smart Grid initiatives started at

various Energy Distribution

Utilities

• AMI is the functionality opted by

all the utilities

MoP – Ministry of Power

1514

11 11

AMI I

AMI R

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AMI I – Advanced Metering Infrastructure-Industrial

AMI R – Advanced Metering Infrastructure-Residential

OM – Outage Management

PLM – Peak Load Management

PQ – Power Quality

DG – Distributed Generation

Microgrid

0

5

10

11

8

11

42 1

AMI R

OM

PLM

PQ

DG

Microgrid

Key Summary of Pilots

0

2

4

6

8

2

1

7

2

3

No

. o

f U

tili

tie

s

Date of Award

Mar'14

Oct'14

Feb'15

Retendering

Under Progress

Award

Mar 2014 – CESC, UGVCL (PoC)

Oct 2014 – UHBVN (Implemented by NEDO, Japan.

Feasibility Study in progress)

Feb 2015 – APDCL, CSPDCL, TSSPDCL, HPSEB, PSPCL,

TSECL, WBSEDCL

Retendering – KSEB, MSEDCL

Under Progress – JVVNL, PED, IITK

13

Date of Award

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

6

5

4

No

. o

f U

tili

tie

s

Regulatory Approval

Approved

Approached

In Progress

Regulatory Approval

Approved – APDCL, HPSEB, KSEB, MSEDCL, UGVCL, WBSEDCL

Approached – CESC, CSPDCL, PSPCL, TSECL, UHBVN

In Progress – PED, JVVNL, TSSPDCL, IITK

Why a Smart Grid Roadmap ?

Smart Grids: Journey from present state of grid towards adding a set of smarter systems/applications aligned with business priorities of each utility

Successful transformation: detailed planning & development of an implementation methodology

• Processes/ Selection of technologies & standards/Resources requirements • Processes/ Selection of technologies & standards/Resources requirements

• Capacity building programs for all Stakeholders

Preparedness: APDRP, R-APDRP & RGGVY launched by GoI experience indicates adequate preparation for utilities & industries involved

Roadmap for implementation of Smart Grids will help all stakeholders which could ensure completion of projects in planned timelines

14

Smart Grid Roadmap in Other

Countries

USA

• Smart Grid Drivers- Emission Reduction , DR, Grid Security, 80% RE & 100% Customer participation by 2035

• Cost: ~$4.5 B allocated for various functionalities

UK

• Formulated 40 year route map with SG drivers as Carbon Reduction, Energy Security, affordability & economic competitiveness

• Cost: ~10 B Pounds for 2010-2020

• Covering 8 Domains, 28 areas; Drivers: emission reduction, EE, RE integration, EV, Export of power; 7 Smart Grid projects completed and 18 in-

15

China

integration, EV, Export of power; 7 Smart Grid projects completed and 18 in-progress

• Cost: ~$ 7.5 B for pilots across the nation

Canada

• quality, reliability, optimal usage and cost-efficiency

• Cost: ~$1.2 B from 2011-13 and more

Australia

• reducing peak load, improving efficiency, accommodating future growth in EV

• Cost: ~$100M from 2008–2012; ~$300M for grid modernization 2014-2018

“Quality Power on Demand for All by 2027”

Smart Grid Vision of India

Transform Indian power sector into a

Smart Grid Mission of India

Transform Indian power sector into a

secure, adaptive, sustainable and digitally enabled

ecosystem by 2027 that provides reliable and

quality energy for all with active participation of

stakeholders.

16

Smart Grid Vision and Roadmap for India released in September 2013

http://tinyurl.com/ltccdcj

Smart Grid RoadmapD

IST

RIB

UT

ION

Quality Power for all

Electrification of 100% households

20

27

24x7 quality supply on demand to all citizens

Technology trials through smart grid pilots

Full rollout of smart grids in pilot areas

National wide smart grid deployments

DIS

TR

IBU

TIO

N National wide smart grid deployments

Availability of indigenous smart meter

AMI rollout of all consumers with load > 20kW

AMI rollout of all consumers with load > 2kW

National optical fibre network

Reduce AT&C losses to below 15%

Reduce AT&C losses to below 10%

Utility specific roadmaps

Capacity building programs

Microgrids in 200 villages

Microgrids in 1000 villages

Smart Grid RoadmapT

RA

NS

MIS

SIO

N

Visibility and control of grid b/w all sources of production and consumption

20

27

Larger number of PMUs on the transmission network

Custom made PMU analytics

50,000Kms OPGW cable installed over transmission lines

TR

AN

SM

ISS

ION

18

Reduce transmission losses to below 3.5%

Reduce transmission losses to below 2.5%

Renewable integration upto 30GW

Renewable integration upto 80GW

Renewable integration upto 130GW

Smart Grid RoadmapP

oli

cy,

Sta

nd

ard

s a

nd

Re

gu

lati

on

s

20

27

Finalization of norms for cyber-security

Dynamic tariffs, Feed in tariffs

Po

licy

, S

tan

da

rds

an

d R

eg

ula

tio

ns

19

Policies supporting mandatory roof top solar generation

Promoting data standards in all domains of smart grids

EV charging facilities

Demand Response ready appliances

Smart Grid Roadmap

Mandatory roof top solar power generation

• for large establishments with connected load >20Kw

EV charging facilities

DISTRIBUTION:

EV charging facilities

• At available consumer spaces

• Quick/fast charging facilities in fuel stations

Microgrids

• 200 villages by 2017

• 1000 villages by 2022

• To ensure minimum 8 hrs of electric supply

20

Smart Grid Roadmap

Appropriate policies and programs to provide access for electricity for all

• Life line supply (to be defined) by 2015

• Electrification of 100% households by 2017

DISTRIBUTION:

• Electrification of 100% households by 2017

• 24x7 quality supply on demand to all citizens by 2027

Integrated technology trials

• Through a set of smart grid pilot projects by 2015

• Based on Outcome of Pilots, full rollout of smart grids in pilot project areas by 2017 in urban areas (to be defined) by 2022

• Nationwide deployment by 2027

21

Smart Grid Roadmap

Availability of an indigenous smart meter by 2014

• AMI roll out for all customers with load > 20 KW by 2017

• with load > 10 KW by 2022

DISTRIBUTION:

• with load > 10 KW by 2022

• for all consumers by 2027

Formulation of effective customer outreach and communication programs

• for active involvement of consumers in the smart grid implementation

22

Smart Grid Roadmap

Utility specific strategic roadmap(s)

• Required business process reengineering, change management and capacity building programs to be initiated by 2014

DISTRIBUTION:

and capacity building programs to be initiated by 2014

Enabling programs and projects in distribution utilities to reduce AT&C losses

• below 15% by 2017

• below 12% by 2022

• below 10% by 2027

23

Smart Grid Roadmap

Conversion of existing distribution sub-stations to GIS based substations

• in Metro Cities in a phased manner (by 2022)

National Optical Fibre Network

DISTRIBUTION:

National Optical Fibre Network

• Connecting all the 2,50,000 Gram panchayats in the country by Optical FibreCable

• Fiber optic link at the nearest 33/11 kV substation to support smart grid in distribution by 2015

Efficient scheduling and dispatch of distributed energy resources (including captive plants)

24

Smart Grid Roadmap

Development of technologies and solutions

• To manage peak demand, optimal use of installed capacity and reduce load shedding and black-outs

• Microgrids, storage options, virtual power plants (VPP), vehicle to grid

DISTRIBUTION:

• Microgrids, storage options, virtual power plants (VPP), vehicle to grid (V2G), solar to grid (PV2G), and building to grid (B2G) technologies

Completion of existing complementary or building block projects as part of RAPDRP

• Consumer indexing, Asset Mapping and System strengthening activities etc.

Improvement in power quality and quantum across the board

25

Smart Grid Roadmap

Development of a reliable, secure and resilient grid

• enables greater visibility and control of efficient power flow between all sources of production and consumption by 2027

TRANSMISSION

between all sources of production and consumption by 2027

• Implementation of Wide Area Monitoring System by 2017

Support implementation of smart grid technologies

• 50,000 Kms of OPGW cable to be installed over transmission lines by the year 2017

26

Smart Grid Roadmap

Enabling programs and projects in transmission utilities to reduce transmission losses

• to below 3.5% by 2017

TRANSMISSION

• to below 3.5% by 2017

• to below 2.5% by 2022

Implement power system enhancements to facilitate evacuation and integration

• 30 GW renewable capacity by 2017

• 80 GW by 2022

• 130 GW by 2027

27

Smart Grid Roadmap

Establishment of CERT-Distribution and finalization of norms for cyber security (including audit) of distribution systems by 2014

Policies for grid-interconnection of captive/consumer

POLICY, STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

Policies for grid-interconnection of captive/consumer generation facilities (including renewables)

• technically feasible into consideration

• policies for roof-top solar

• policies for peaking power stations

Policies for Incentivizing Utility employees based on KPIs

28

Smart Grid Roadmap

Policies supporting improved tariffs such as

• dynamic tariffs based on frequency bands or time of day basis

• variable tariffs including demand response programs for Critical peak pricing

POLICY, STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

• variable tariffs including demand response programs for Critical peak pricing

Policies for public infrastructure

• EV charging facilities by 2015

• DR ready appliances by 2020

Development of appropriate power system standards for smart grid development in India

• active involvement in smart grid standards development

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Smart Grid Roadmap

Encourage participation of customers in the energy markets that make them “prosumers”

OTHER ISSUES

• tariff mechanisms like feed in tariffs that are higher

• new energy products

• energy options and programs to – producers and consumers

Create an effective information exchange platform in real time which will lead to the development of energy markets

30

Smart Grid Roadmap

Creation of adequate resource pools

• Investment in research and development, training

OTHER ISSUES

• Investment in research and development, training and capacity building programs

• export of smart grid know-how, products and services

31

Smart Grid Roadmap

• Expectations From INDUSTRY/ VENDORS

Emerge as effective system integrators while providing the

IT/communication systems to the utilities

Promote vendor coalitions for cross domain knowledge sharing

across ICT and power sector domains to develop vendor cooperative eco-system for delivering better solutions

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utilities cooperative eco-system for delivering better solutions

Develop Indigenous technologies to provide solutions for the

unique problems of the electricity sector in the

country, in turn expected to boost National economy

Develop capabilities to export of Smart Grid products, solutions

and services to overseas

Smart Grid Roadmap

• Expected timelines with key activities

12th Plan (2012 – 2017)

• Completion of pilots

• Augmentation of data centers and

13th Plan (2017 – 2022)

• Nationwide AMI roll out for customers >10KW load

• Mandatory Roof Top

14th Plan (2022 – 2027)

• Development of 50 Smart cities.

• Mandatory roof top solar

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centers and communication network for AMI Roll out

• Distribution Automation & GIS/Automated distribution s/stns.

• Development of indigenous smart meter

• Dynamic tariffs, Sustainability Initiatives –promoting distributed generation

• Mandatory Roof Top Solar for large establishments

• Total Renewable integration of 80GW;

• EV charging infrastructure

• Development of micro grids in total 1000 villages

• Distribution Automation

solar

• Total Renewable integration of 130 GW; 10% EV penetration

• Nationwide AMI roll out for customers

• Continuous Research &Development ;

• Choice of electricity supplier

• Stable 24X7 power supply

(more details are available in the published roadmap available at - http://tinyurl.com/ltccdcj)

Regulations for Smart Grid

• Implement specific Tariff Structure to

Tariff Design

�Product Standards

�System Standards

Safety and Standards

�Review and Approval of Smart Grid Investments

Investment

�Constitution of Smart Grid Cell

Smart Grid Cell & Nodal Officer

�Awareness and Capacity Building

�Customer

Customer Engagement

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Structure to promote deployment

• Process of tariff setting

Standards

�Performance Standards

�Network and Communication Standards

�Customer Data Protection Standards

Investments

�Recovery of Costs

�Role of Smart Grid Consultation Committee (SG-CC)

�Evaluation, Measurement & Verification

�Appointment of Nodal Officer

�Customer Participation and Incentives

�Consumer or Prosumer Dispute Redressal Process

Regulatory challenges and requirements have been addressed to Forum of Regulators (FoR) in January 2014

Ongoing Steps…Rollout!

• Institutional Framework for Smart Grid

Development – Approval of National Smart

Grid Mission (NSGM)

– Budget outlay of Rs 980 Cr.– Budget outlay of Rs 980 Cr.

– Special National Project Monitoring Unit

35

Role of NSGM

• Policies, Goals and Strategies for Mission

• Identification of critical areas for concerted action

• Policy and Regulatory Framework• Policy and Regulatory Framework

• Research and Development

• Capacity Building

• International Collaboration

• Financing

36

Ministry of Power

NSGM Governing Council; Chair: Minister of Power

NSGM Empowered Committee

Chair: Secretary (MoP)

Recommend

atory

/advisory in

National PMU (NPMU) at POWERGRID

Policy, PlanninData

Management

Research &

Development, T

Projects,

Training &

Director NPMU

Technical

Committee

Chair: CEA

Chairperson

Smart Grid

Knowledge

Centre

EESL & Other

Consultants

37

/advisory in

nature

State Level Mission

Chair – State Secretary (Power)

Consumers, Civil

society

organizations and

local government

(including

RWAs, village

panchayats, etc.)

Policy, Plannin

g and

Monitoring Unit

Management

and Cyber

Security Unit

Development, T

echnology &

Standards Unit

Training &

Capacity Building Unit

State Smart Grid Mission Units (SSGMU)

Distribution Utilities

Centre

Methodology of Rollout

Leveraging R-APDRP infrastructure for Smart

Grids.

Development of microgrids in islands, SEZs, institutions

and commercial hubs.

Promotion of EVs in coordination with NMEM

through subsidies.

Distributed Generation in form of Roof top solar

photovoltaic's, wind mills etc

Technology Demonstration Projects including Real time

monitoring of DTs and usage of Harmonic Filter

etc.

Microgrid pilot projects for villages, academic

campuses, hospitals etc. in both “Stand-alone” (Off-

grid) and “On grid” modes.

38

Targets in 12th PlanNSGM shall focus on coordinating development of Smart Grid in 20 medium sized cities with SCADA under R-APDRP in phased

10 cities in FY 2015-16

10 cities in FY 2016-17

APDRP in phased manner

The support from NSGM for implementation of Smart Grids in these cities, to start with, would consist of

Setting up of State level PMUs for NSGM and capacity building

Formulation of projects including Pre-feasibility studies, Technology selection, Cost-benefit analysis, Financing models etc.

Support for setting up of project implementation teams in utilities for each city

Training and Capacity Building for project implementation team

Technology selection guidelines and best practices

Consumer Awareness / Engagement initiatives

Project Appraisal post implementation

39

Scope for R&D!

40

Smart Metering with AMI

Demand Response for Peak Management (DSM is not DR)

41

Have you identified

the required

functionalities for

DR?

Development process for DSM/DR

•Awareness

•Training

•Demonstration •Identifying use-cases

Initial application phase •Standards based

infrastructure

•Perfect electricity price policy •End-consumer oriented

Feedback and reinforcement phase

Progress so far

•Demonstration

•Communication

Introduction and dissemination phase

•Identifying use-cases

•Type of tariff (Eg: ToU)

•Identifying the participants

and opportunities

•Pilot project implementation

•Perfect electricity price policy

•Energy Efficiency

Commissioning phase

•End-consumer oriented services

•Data analysis

•Deriving functionalities

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At present, we are implementing Economic DSM/DR

A consolidated roadmap for the DSM/DR with the

region specific priorities towards implementing

Emergency DR, Economic DR, Ancillary Services

DR, Capacity DR has to be prepared immediately

Renewable integration• New Grid Environment: Promoting Grid-

connected rooftops PV systems

�Challenges to existing grid:�Often small scale, distributed�Intermittency�Energy storage / discharge

43

�Energy storage / discharge

Are you

prepared?

V S K Murthy Balijepalli

Electric vehicle penetration • Challenges to dist. grid:

– Load impact

• uncontrolled charging

• clustering charging

– Administrative issues– Administrative issues

– Billing issues

• Keep track of charging and bill correctly

• “Roaming” charging

44

Is your present grid

able to accommodate

PHEV?

Advanced Distribution Automation• Distribution Automation

enables large penetration of distributed (renewable) generations, EVs and demand response applications, but has its demand response applications, but has its own challenges to utilities too:– Communication system

– Data management

– System integration

45

Are the present

systems open

standards based?

V S K Murthy Balijepalli

Emerging Retail markets with Smart Grids

• Introduction of power

quality based services

and increase

priorities towards

“retail” players

• Increasing needs of

Future market structure

• Increasing needs of

reactive power at the

load end and

increasing focus on

power quality due to

increased usage of

sensitive equipments.

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Big Picture

Smart Grid and the Consumer

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no access to energy

usage information

access to energy

usage information in

different data standards

No standardization of Meter data in India

for SG consumer applications!!!

Standardization of Energy Usage Data?

Utility/consumer

boundary

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usage information in

GREEN BUTTON

standardized data format

Standardization of Meter data/Open Datasolution

Standardization of Energy Usage Data?

Utility/consumer

boundary

No

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High-level use cases for future Research

51

Download green button oriented

View the green button class

relationships

Option for addition of ext. classesP

rim

ary

ke

y o

pti

on

se

tte

r

Download customized green

Button profile (ref.) for your application

Download green button oriented

database tables

Green Button extensions for

implementing Indian use cases

Option for selection of classes

Option for addition of attributes

under each class

Pri

ma

ry k

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A Way Forward!Formulation of effective customer outreach and communication programmes for active involvement of consumers in the smart grid implementation.

Development of utility specific strategic roadmap. Required business process reengineering, change management and capacity building programmes to be initiated by 2014.

Development of microgrids, storage options, virtual power plants (VPP), vehicle to grid (V2G), solar to grid (PV2G), and building to grid (B2G) technologies in order to grid (V2G), solar to grid (PV2G), and building to grid (B2G) technologies in order to manage peak demand, optimal use of installed capacity and reduce load shedding and black outs.

Investment in research and development, training and capacity building programmes for creation of adequate resource pools for developing and implementing smart grid technologies in India as well as export of smart grid know-how, products and services.

Development of appropriate standards for smart grid development in India

Sustainable Campus

• Guiding principles evaluate:

– “Environmental Education, Energy & Utilities,

Student Activism & Participation, Solid Waste

Management, Dining Services, Landscaping & Management, Dining Services, Landscaping &

Grounds, Printing Services, Purchasing,

Transportation & Parking”

54

Existing Programs at Universities in abroad

• Yale– “Blueprint for a Sustainable Campus” by 450 delegates (46pp.)

www.envirocitizen.org/blueprint/blueprint.pdf.

• Harvard www.greencampus.harvard.edu

– “Sustainable Campus” video online, Buying wind energy certificates for half the load from Minnesota, Best Practices, Biodiesel on shuttles and trucksand trucks

• Georgia Tech www.sustainable.gatech.edu

– Center for Sustainable Technology

• U. of California – Santa Cruz (UCSC) www.uscsec.org

– Using “Blueprint for a Sustainable Campus”; $3/student green fee; Campus Sustainable Council formed; “Campus Food System, Waste Prevention, Transportation, Green Purchasing, Long-Range Planning, Green Building & Renewable Energy, Curriculum & Campus Ecosystem Preservation”

1/16/2005FRL

Existing Programs at Other Universities

• MIT web.mit.edu

– Forty solar power installations

– Green Building Task Force

– Low Flow Bathroom Fixtures

• A Few More University Programs• A Few More University Programs

– U. Wisconsin

– U. Michigan

– Brown U.

– U. Penn.

– Mount Holyoke

– U. Minnesota

1/16/2005FRL

Energy Conservation

• Track Use and Cost

• Meter & Sub-meter

• Benchmark

• Life Cycle Analysis

• Retrofit and Renovate• Retrofit and Renovate

• Participate in Existing Utility Programs

• Encourage Staff and Student Involvement

• Investigate Performance Contracts

Energy Purchasing

• Improve Campus Efficiency First

• Improve Campus Load Profile and Demand

• Convert from High Emission FuelsFuels

• Purchase Clean and Green Power

• Install Renewables

• Consider Combined Heat and Power

• Carbon Sequestering

Thank You!!!

59