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Intervención de Inés Romero, ABB, en el marco de la jornada técnica Smartgrids - The making of, en colaboración con IMDEA 3 de noviembre de 2010
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© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 1
Smart gridsMore efficient and reliable grids
3rd November 2010, Madrid. Inés Romero
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 2
Agenda
� Drivers and challenges
� How future electric systems must perform
� Smart grids and applications
� Worldwide on-going projects
� Conclusions
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 3
Today’s energy challenge – growing demandElectricity demand rising twice as fast
China
105% 195%
India
126% 282%
Europe and North America
11% 31%
M. East and Africa
73% 131%
Growth in primary energy demand
Growth in electricity demand
IEA forecast 2006-30
SouthAmerica
56% 81%
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 4
Major challenge: improving reliability
� In U.S. the annual cost of system disturbances is an estimated $80 billion*� Commercial ($57 billion), industrial ($20 billion) and residential ($3 billion)
sectors affected� Most cost ($52 billion) due to short momentary interruptions
Poor reliability is a huge economic disadvantage
* Berkley National Laboratory 2005
# di
stur
banc
e ev
ents
in U
S
Source: FERC 2008
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 5© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 5
Two major ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissionsEnergy efficiency and renewable energy sources
Energy efficiency and renewable power generation could provide almost 80 percent of the targeted reduction
Ann
ual e
mis
sion
of C
O2
in G
igat
ons
SourceIEA 2008
550*policy
scenario
* ppm concentration in the atmosphere
20
25
30
35
40
45
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030Reference scenario 550 policy scenario 450 policy scenario
450*policy
scenario9%
14%
23%
54%
Energy efficiency
Renewables
Carbon capture and sequestration
Nuclear
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 6© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 6
Major challenge: environmental concerns
� CO2 is responsible for 80 percent of all greenhouse gas effects� More than 40 percent of CO2 is generated by traditional power plants
Electric power generation is the largest single source CO2 emissions
Ann
ual e
mis
sion
of C
O2
in G
igat
ons
Electricity plants
Industry (excl. cement)Road transportResidential and service sectorDeforestation OthersRefineries etc
International transport
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
01970 1980 1990 2000
Source: IPCC “Mitigationof Climate Change”,Cambridge UniversityPress, 2007
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 7
Agenda
� Drivers and challenges
� How future electric systems must perform
� Smart grids and applications
� Worldwide on-going projects
� Conclusions
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 8
Smart grid value propositionFour main areas of emphasis
� Capacity for increasing demand� Providing the backbone of the future electrical system
� Reliability of electricity supply� Upgrades and new installations to meet the future challenges
� Efficiency along the value chain� Actions to mitigate climate change
� Sustainability by integrating renewable� Regulatory influence and customer behavior are critical
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 9
Economic build up of capacityCapacity
� Investment in global grid infrastructure is estimated to total $6 trillion by 20301
� Present grids can be refurbished to operate at full capacity without compromising safety
� New installations must provide maximum flow of energy to any location in the grid
� In 2020 the fleet of electric cars could reach 40 million world wide, around 2 percent of the cars on the road by then1
� The infrastructure for charging the vehicles has to be built
� Fast charging options cannot be provided by the current grid infrastructure
The future electrical system must be used at its full capacity and must be able to cope with new challenges
CapacityReliabilityEfficiency
Sustainability
1Source: IEA
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 10
Electrical energy all the time, everywhereReliability in Transmission systems
� Safe operation with minimum reserves is the most economic way of operating PS
� Systems must be designed for utmost reliability and maximum power quality
� Impact of unavoidable faults must be limited to local areas
� Immediate restoration of full performance is essential
The future electrical system must provide a completely reliable energy supply without interruptions
CapacityReliabilityEfficiency
Sustainability
The European grid covers the whole continent
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 11
Electrical energy all the time, everywhereReliability in Distribution systems
� Distribution grids are pending from a large scale implementation of technologies to support
� remote monitoring and control
� automated switching
� fast fault location
� Resulting in
� reduced outage time
� increased power quality
� improved maintenance
Reliability of power distribution is of prime importance in future electrical systems
CapacityReliabilityEfficiency
Sustainability
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 12
Power generation and grid couplingEfficiency
� Conversion efficiency of primary energy to electricity is steadily increasing
� Advanced process control adds to the overall efficiency
� Equipment and systems to couple generation to the grid are becoming more efficient
� An improvement of only 1% in efficiency can save 100 million tons of CO2 (emission of 50 M cars1)
� Estimates allocate a double digit energy saving potential in power generation2
In future electric systems highly efficient power generation is mandatory
CapacityReliabilityEfficiency
Sustainability
distributedgeneration
solar plants
traditionalpower plants
wind farms
� Transformers
� AC-DC converters
� Substations
Conversion efficiency
Process improvement 1 at 200g/km of CO2 emission and 10,000 km/year 2 Graus: Energy policy 2007; Gielen: IEA 2007
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 13
Saving potential in transmission and distributionEfficiency
� Losses of electrical energy in the grid can reach 6-10 %
� Aging equipment with lower efficiency and thermal losses in conductors are the main reasons
� Inefficient distribution transformers account for about 30 percent of losses
� Network losses in EU are an estimated 50 TWh, the annual consumption of 13 million households1
In future electrical systems losses must be reduced significantly
CapacityReliabilityEfficiency
Sustainability
1Source: European Commission
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 18
Integrating renewable powerBridging long distances (Sustainability)
� Large hydropower plants offer the biggest contribution to renewable energy over the next 20 years
� Several gigawatts of power must be transported over thousands of kilometers to the centers of consumption
� Technologies for economic and reliable transport are required
The future electrical system must provide viable solutions
CapacityReliability
EfficiencySustainability
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 19
Integrating renewable powerIntermittent power generation (Sustainability)
� Electricity from wind and solar plants is intermittent
� Spinning reserves between 5 and 18 percent of installed wind energy are required1
� Plant interconnections and a wide range of storage technologies could reduce the need for reserves
The future electrical system must be able to cope with these challenges
CapacityReliabilityEfficiency
Sustainability
1 Wind impact on power system, Bremen 2009
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 22
Agenda
� Drivers and challenges
� How future electric systems must perform
� Smart grids and applications
� Worldwide on-going projects
� Conclusions
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 23
Smart electricity – efficient power for a sustainable world
A smart grid is the evolved system that manages the electricity demand
in asustainable, reliable and economic manner
built on
advanced infrastructureand tuned to facilitate
the integration of behavior of all involved
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 24
The visionary smart gridSumming up the major requirements
Capacity
Reliability
Efficiency
Sustainability
Upgrade/install capacity economicallyProvide additional infrastructure (e-cars)
Stabilize the system and avoid outagesProvide high quality power all the time
Improve efficiency of power generationReduce losses in transport and consumption
Connect renewable energy to the gridManage intermittent generation
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 25
Smart gridsFocus of activities
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 25
Focus area ActivitiesDistribution grid automation • Network Management for distribution grids
• Intelligent equipment• Distribution communication
e-Mobility • EV charging infrastructure• Grid intelligence• On board and manufacturing segment• Storage services
Demand response –Commercial and Domestic
• Home / building automation• Demand response applications• Connectivity to grid
Distributed generation integration
• Residential / community renewables • Networked CHP and other generation• Micro and Personal grids• MV / LV DC grids
Distributed storage (<1MW)
• Building / community level storage.• Micro and Personal grids• V2G
Bulk storage(>1MW)
• Integration of large scale battery storage• Mitigation of renewable intermittency
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 27
Smart CitiesIntegration into the Smart Grid
Storage of peak supply power in car batteries (future)
Local distribution grid extensions
Charging scheduling for residential areas
Ultra-fast charging stations:•Storage•Power quality services
Used car batteries as central storage capacity
Battery switch stations:•Storage•Power quality services
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 28
Distribution AutomationIntegration of Power and Information
� Distribution Control Center� Network management SCADA/DMS� OMS with AMR/AMI connection � Models sub-transmission and distribution
(including medium- and low voltage) networks� Workforce management
� Primary Substation Automation� Protection� Monitoring and control� Automatic functions � Information refinement
� MV/LV Network Automation (FA)� Protection� Monitoring and control� Automatic functions � Information refinement
� Home/Building Automation� Smart metering (AMR/AMI)� Smart home integration (demand response)
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 28
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 29
Demand ResponseAddressing the temporary change in electricity consumption
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 30
Demand Response
Spinning reserve within seconds addressed by emergency dispatch of demand response
Balance power within 1-24 hours addressed by active consumers
Peak Load reduction
����
����
� Use more efficient production units
� Use less costly production units� Use units with less emission� Improved utilization of the grid
capacity
Generally utilities run 10-20% of their capacity less than 1-3% of the time
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 31
Grid applications for energy storageSVC Light with Storage
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 31
� Grid connection of renewable generation
� Backup power
� Continuous reactive power support
� Eventual reactive power support
� Intermittent loads of a railway
� Emergency and short-time power
� Integration of electric vehicles
� Peak-load shaving
� Ancillary services
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 32
PV and Energy Storage interactionResidential application in a building
slow chargingcontrol
automation
LV
25 EV’s
appl
ianc
es
DC
AC
BatteryFilter
Control
ACDC
40-50 apartment � As a vital part of an active building, energy storage primary has the following tasks:
� To provide load support during a few hours per 24 h.
� To store excess energy produced locally (PV) when the grid or the local consumers for whatever reason can not use.
� To control and dynamically stabilize the voltage.
� To mitigate harmonics, unbalances and voltage dips and thereby provide a high power quality.
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 34
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ABB understands the system behind the charging
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 37
Agenda
� Drivers and challenges
� How future electric systems must perform
� Smart grids and applications
� Worldwide on-going projects
� Conclusions
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 38© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 38
Progress Update – CEUSmart Grid in Malta. First Smart Grid Island
� Partner: IBM, Enemalta Corporation, Water Services Corporation Malta
� Target: Building a Smarter Energy and Water Systems to deliver affordable and secure energy
� Challenges:
� Integrate Utilities Business systems
� conduct remote monitoring, meter reading and real-time management of the network based on IT
� Results:
� Active demand: Real-time monitoring and smart meters can deliver pricing based on time of day, enabling the utility to better manage energy consumption and customers to cut their electrical bills.
� Malta residents will also be able to track their energy use online and see how to curb consumption habits.
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 39© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 39
Progress Update – NEUStockholm City (Stockholm Royal Seaport)
� Customers – Stockholm Municipality and the utility FORTUM
� Showcase Urban Smart Grid will be part of and supporting a larger showcase for a Sustainable City concept
� Demonstrate climate positive strategies, setting a compelling environmental and economic example for cities to follow.
� Selected as one of 18 global projects supported by Clinton Climate Initiative Program for sustainable urban growth
� Scope and ABB deliverables
� Integration of Electrical Vehicles, Demand Response, Active House, integration of Local Decentralized Renewable Production, Energy Storage, Substation Automation ,Ship to Shore and an Innovation Center.
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 47
Agenda
� Drivers and challenges
� How future electric systems must perform
� Smart grids and applications
� Worldwide on-going projects
� Conclusions
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 48
Smart grids will contribute significantly to mitigating climate change
Source: DOE and NETL
Today
� <13% variable renewables penetration
� 5% demand response systems
� >1% consumer generation used on the grid
� 47% generation asset utilization
� 50% transmission asset utilization
� 30% distribution asset utilization
With smart grids
� >30% variable renewables penetration
� 15% demand response systems
� 10% consumer generation used on the grid
� 90% generation asset utilization
� 80% transmission asset utilization
� 80% distribution asset utilization
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 49
We all have a part to play
� Everyone must reconsider their own individual energy consumption
� Politicians must set up incentives to save energy and commit to global CO2 reductions
� Energy markets and all stakeholders must actively participate in efforts to reduce consumption and optimize efficiency
© ABB Group November 10, 2010 | Slide 50