SMART GRID LABORATORY

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NTNU and SINTEF are building a new National Smart Grid Laboratory in Trondheim with funding from the Research Council of Norway in cooperation with the Arctic University of Norway and Smart Innovation Østfold. The laboratory is a system- oriented laboratory providing state-of-the-art infrastructure for R&D, demonstration, verification and testing over a wide range of Smart Grid use cases.

Laboratory concept:A specific feature of the laboratory is the opportunity to integrate real-time simulations and physical power system assets (hardware-in-the-loop) with ratings up to 200 kVA, 400 V AC or 700 V DC.

National Smart Grid Laboratory

Real time simulated power

systems and controls (RTSPC)

200 kVA powersupply interface

integratingRTSPC and PPSC

Physical powersystems and

controls (PPSC)

SmartBuilding

Controlcentre(s)

Energystorage

PVEV

Measurements infrastructure

Communication infrastructure

Data access (remote real time access, database access)

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Laboratory inventory / capabilities• Transmission systems (AC/DC)• Distribution systems• Generation (Large scale, DG, wind farms, PV, hydro..) • Network customers / loads• AC/DC converters: Voltage Source Converters (VSC)

and Multi-Level Converters (MMC)• Rotating machinery: Induction generators/motors

(IG), Synchronous generators/motors (SG), Permanent magnet generators/motors (PM)

• Grid emulator (200 kVA amplifier , DC to 5 kHz)• Real-Time Digital Simulators, Hardware-In-the-Loop

(HIL) testing equipment and Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) systems (OPAL-RT)

• Smart meters• Smart homes Smart buildings• Smart appliances• Energy storage• EV charging infrastructure• Protection equipment• Monitoring and measurement equipment• Wide area monitoring – Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs)• Communications

Application areas / Domains supported• Smart transmission grids• HVDC grids• Smart active distribution grids• Micro grids• Integration of Smart Grids, Smart houses and smart

industries• Integration of renewables (large scale, DG) • Smart Grid and home automation• Smart electricity use • Electrification of transport• Energy storage in Smart Grids• Energy conversion in Smart Grids• Power system stability in Smart Grids• Monitoring, control and automation in Smart Grids• Communication technologies for Smart Grids• Information security and privacy in Smart Grids• Reliability challenges in Smart Grids -dependencies of

Power Grid and ICT• Smart grid software• Big data management and analytics in SmartGrids

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Laboratory use

Smart Home Management SystemTest of devices, equipment, control technology and strategies for smart home energy, indoor climate and home security and safety. In the project, different architectures (central intelligence versus distributed intelligence) and systems (e.g. LonWorks, KNX,…) were investigated and tested for different scenarios realising basic functions such temperature, ventilation and light controls, integration with smart meters, remote control, smart phone integration etc.

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Multi-terminal HVDC grid connecting offshore wind farms

Large multi-terminal HVDC grids are predicted for future implementation. We verifi ed a control strategy that will ensure safe and stable operation of such grids. This was done using a future scenario featuring a North Sea supergrid connecting 3 countries with a large share of wind power (> 50%). The strategy maintained grid stability despite large variations in produced wind power. The number of converters and machines of the lab enabled this large and complex experiment.

55 kVA Induction Generator

66 kVA VSC

Inv IGIM

Inv IG

ACDC

ACAC

DCDC

AC

DC

66 kVA VSC

66 kVA VSC66 kVA VSC

400 V400 V

400 V

640 V

DC bus

17 kVASynchronous Generator

Grid modelwith

variable load

IM

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Frequency support from wind turbinesIf wind turbines can support the electrical grid operation during faults then larger wind farms can be installed in areas with weak grids. We verifi ed and quantifi ed the effect of different control strategies on wind turbine performance during faults. The quantifi cation included

Inv IM IMIG IGAC AC

DC DC

wind farm equivalent

Inv

Weak grid equivalent

the effects of implementation on real hardware compared to software simulation. Tests were done for the two prevailing generator technologies that are used for wind turbines.

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Product testing and verificationNew products and solutions often need to be tested and verified in laboratory conditions before being commercialized. We have provided a test platform for different manufacturers to test their equipment, e.g. voltage boosters, short-circuit impedance measurement tools and power quality analysers.

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Micro gridThe integration of real-time simulated power systems and controls interfaced with a small model micro grid is shown in the figure.

Grid model + control model

Real microgrid

Poweramplifier

The objective of the setup, is to test various microgrid control strategies.

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200 kVA Power Hardware in the loop (PHIL)The purpose of the 200 kVA PHIL solution in the Smart Grid Laboratory is emulate power systems, devices and controls and their integration to physical model power systems, devices and controls to study system behaviour and performance for a reasonable power ranges and frequencies. The advantage compared to the testing of use cases at very low powers and voltages, is the ability to model certain physical phenomena in a realistic way (e.g. rotating machinery thermal effects and time constants). The fi gure shows the Power Hardware in the Loop setup with the OPAL RT real-time simulators (OP5600), the I/O devices (OP4520) and the 200 kVA, 5kHz Egston power amplifi er.

OP5600 - ML605 #1

OP4520 - IO OP4520 - IO

OP5600 - ML605 #2

PCIe Expansion

2-level converter or MMC

2-level converter or MMC

Power Amplifier

COMPISO System Unit 200 kVA

Dolphin

Sync

PCIe

Dolphin

Sync

PCIeCAN CAN

Eth x4

Power Amplifier

OP4510 with Motherboard #3

Dolphin - FO

Aurora

Aurora 1x SFP Aurora 1x SFP

AuroraPCle-FOPCle-FO

Synch - FO

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Inv

Inv

AC

ACDC

DC

InvPMG IM

IM IGPM generator 50 kVA

Energystorage

lab

Shortcircuilt

emulator

Induction generator 55 kVA

60 kVA lab converter

125 A

50 AHV/MV substation unit

MV bus

20 kVA back to back converter

Inv IM SG

AC

ACDC

DC

Synchronous generator 17 kVA

225 A

Local grid 1 Local grid 2

L2L12L1

Main supply

Lab supply grid 400 V AC 225 A

Example of physical power system setupThe Laboratory is very fl exible with respect to topology and confi guration.

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Design and print: Fagtrykk Trondheim AS - Photo: SINTEF/Gry Karin Stimo

MILJØMERKET

2041 Trykkeri 081

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Contacts:

NTNUProject Manager Professor II Kjell Sand kjell.sand@ntnu.no +47 73 59 42 16 / +47 481 64 542

SINTEF Energy ResearchResearch Manager John O. TandeJohn.O.Tande@sintef.no + 47 913 68 188

www.sintef.no / www.ntnu.no