Power Electronics in Smart Grids OK to send - mesago.de ... 2 Evolution of grid design ... One-directional power flow ... vehicle integration Power Electronics in Smart Grids

© ABB2009-04-27 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt | 1

Keynote Speech PCIM 2011The Role of Power Electronics in Smart Grids and Renewable Integration

Ambra Sannino, ABB FACTS, May 2011

© ABB2009-04-27 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt | 2© ABB2009-04-16 SG_Presentation_rev9b.ppt | 2

Evolution of grid designFrom traditional to future grids

Centralized power generation One-directional power flow Generation follows load Operation based on historical experience Limited grid accessibility for new producers

tradi

tiona

l grid

sfu

ture

grid

s Centralized and distributed power generation Intermittent renewable power generation Consumers become also producers Multi-directional power flow Load adapted to production Operation based more on real-time data


Smart Grid definitions … and ABB’s interpretation

A SmartGrid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it – generators, consumers and those that do both – in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies.

Source: European Technology Platform SmartGrids

A Smart Grid is self-healing, enables active participation of consumers, operate resiliently against attack and natural disasters, accommodate all generation and storage options, enable introduction of new products, services and markets, optimize asset utilization and operate efficiently, provide power quality for the digital economy.

Source: US Department of Energy


Smart Grid – summaryIntegration from supply to demand

Open for all types and sizes of generation

Interaction betweendemand side and operation

Efficient, reliable and self-healingtransmission and distribution

Most cost efficient solution to future requirements

Smart GridProduction Consumption

distributedgeneration

solar generation

plug-in vehicles

industry

smart meters

smart house

traditionalpower plants

wind farms


Smart Grid concept… in practice

Fulfill increased energy demand without environmental impactIntegration of Renewables

Fulfill increased energy demand without generating moreEnergy efficiency

Bringing ”green” electric power to the load centers Grid capacity and reliability

Introduce load flexibility, adapt the load to the generation Demand response and electric vehicle integration


Smart Grid RequirementsIntegration from supply to demand – 4 pillars

Grid capacity & reliability

Integration of

Renewables

Demand response &

electric vehicle

integrationEnergy efficiency

© ABB Group June 30, 2011 | Slide 7

Wind power, not just steel towers

Permanent magnet generators(maintenance free)

Switches &breakers

Transformers

Controlproducts

TransformersCompact substations(can also be used offshore)

HVDC Light(underground or submarine connections to the grid)

(AC grid connection)

Static varcompensation, FACTS converters

© ABB Group Slide 808MR0043

BorWin

DolWinHelWin

SylWin

Customer: TenneT Offshore formerly transpower

Year of commissioning: 2009

BorWin1 – the world’s most remote offshore wind parkGermany

Customer’s need Connection of a 400 MW offshore wind

farm to the German transmission grid Robust grid connection 200 km long subsea and underground

power connection

ABB’s response 400 MW HVDC Light system , ±150 kV Turnkey delivery including platform Full grid code compliance

Customer’s benefits Environmentally friendly power transport Reduce CO2 emissions by nearly 1.5

million tons per year by replacing fossil-fuel generation

Supports wind power development in Germany


BorWin1 – 400 MW HVDC Light®

75 km land cable

128 km sea cable


Cooling Units

ReactorsValves

Chopper

AC Filter Yard

DC FilterYard

Power Transformer

BorWin1Layout onshore station, Diele

© ABB Group Slide 1108MR0043

BorWin1 BorWin alpha platform

Topside • Weight 3200ton - incl. 800ton ABB equipment• Size approx 50 x 33,5 x 22 m Jacket• Weight 1700 tonnes • Height 62 m, sea level to topside approx 20 m


BorWin1 The last steps until completion of the installation


Power Electronics in Smart Grids Integration of renewables

Solar converters

Wind turbine converters

SVC/STATCOM for voltagecontrol and grid codecompliance

Integration of

renewables

HVDC for offshore wind park connection

Energy storage for improving stabilityand decrease power fluctuations


Grid Capacity and ReliabilityCostly to build new transmission lines 200-800 000 EUR/km in Europe

DG TREN/European Commission

Study contract No TREN/CC/03-2002

Euro’00/km Specific cost factors1 Finland, Sweden 200 – 300 Flat land (fewer towers) Less Populated1 Greece, Portugal 200 – 300 Low costs (land, labour)

2 Denmark, Norway, Spain 300 – 400 Close to base case

3 Belgium, Netherlands, Italy 400 – 500 Close to base case

Heavily populated

4 France, Germany 500 – 600 Heavily populatedHigh labour costs

5 UK (England & Wales) 600 – 800

‘n-2’ Standard applied &more towers/km Highright-of-way costs Heavily Populated

6 Austria, Switzerland 600 – 800 High environmental issues Topography, high wind pressure limits High labour costs

Unit cost of Constructing new transmission assets of 380kV within the European union, Norway and Switzerland


Basics of FACTS devices

)sin( 1221

XUUP

Shunt-connected devices

Series-connected devices

Combination of shunt and series-connected devices

Xj

P11 U 22 U

FACTS devices control one or more parametersin the power equation


Improved transmission capacity over long intertie:Cerro Navia, Chile

Background: Increasing power demand for growing economy Opposition to building new transmission linesSolution: SVC Light installed in the Central Interconnected

System, the largest power system in Chile.Purpose: Increase the power transfer from south Chile up to

the capital of Santiago over a long power corridor Yield dynamic voltage control for steady-state and

transient grid conditions, contribute reactive power during faults in the grid

220 kV

5.5th12.5 Mvar

12th10 Mvar

33th15 Mvar

VSC-/+102.5 Mvar

220/34 kV140 MVA

SVC Light data:

System voltage: 220 kV

VSC rating: -/+ 102.5 Mvar

Filter rating: Totally 37.5 Mvar

Overall rating: -65/+140 Mvar


SVC Light: mechanical lay-out Cerro Navia, Chile


SVC Light: VSC – based on IGBT valves

IGBTs:

StakPak® modular concept based on sub-modules in a fibre-glass, reinforced frame.

For FACTS applications, IGBTs with 4 and 6 sub-modules are used for different current handling capability.

Rated voltage: 2.5 kV and higher.


Grid capacity

& reliability

Converter interface to distributed generation

Static Var Compensators or STATCOMs improve voltage control

Power Electronics in Smart Grids Grid Capacity and Reliability

Series Compensation increases transmission capacity

Energy Storage

© ABB Group June 30, 2011 | Slide 20© ABB Group June 30, 2011 | Slide 20

Efficient generation, transport and better utilization of electricity

Up to 80 percent losses along the energy value chain Some losses inherent to the generation of electricity

Energy efficiency along the value chain can reduce losses by 30 percent

Avai

labl

e en

ergy

More efficient fuel combustion

Improved pipeline flows

Improved well efficiency

Lower line losses, higher substation

efficiencyImproved

productivity Building management

Primary energy Transport Generation T&D IndustryCommercialResidential

80 %

loss

es

30 %

sav

ing


Efficiency improvement

the turbine adjustable to the optimum speed depending on actual head and available power

Machine power: 50 MVA … 500 MVA

Speed range e.g. -10% < nn < +10%

Controllable active power in pump operation

Grid control (active power vs. frequency) can be offered

Example: Avče hydro power plant 1 DFIM 180MW Elevation Difference 500m Turbine Mode 40m3/s Pump Mode 34m3/s Francis-Turbine 600 min-1 Annual Production 426 GWh Annual Consumption 553 GWh

Project reference Hydro Pumped Storage Power Plant

Avče pumped storage power plant (Slovenia)


Energy StorageMartham pilot

Customer: UK Power Networks

Project located in Martham

FACTS demonstrator of SVC Light combined with Li-Ion SAFT batteries

Goal: Level out power from wind farm, test bench for energy storage together with Durham University

Rating: 200 kW 1 h, 600 kW 4 min @ 11 kV and +/-600 kvar

Commissioned in April 2011


DynaPeaQ pilotUK Power Networks, UK





Control unit

13 battery modules (14 cells)



600 kW

SOC decreases during discharge

High-power discharge, commissioning test (600kW, 4 min)

Voltage

Current

Power

SOC


Battery roomModule

Li-ioncells

SVC Light –Energy Storage

Typical size 20 MW for 15 minutes

and +/- 30 Mvarcontinuously

60 m

50 m

Dynamic energy storage DynaPeaQ


Power Electronics in Smart Grids Energy efficiency

Power quality solutions for industry: SVC/SVC Light LV & MV STATCOMs

Efficient long-distance transmission with HVDC Variable speed drives in industrial plants

Variable speed drives in pumped hydro stations

Energy Efficiency

Energy storage for emergency and peak power

Energy saving lamps, energyefficient solutions in buildings


Concerted actions of consumers and producers

Producer andConsumer

Energy Management

Systems

Producer andConsumer

Power Plant Management

System

T&D Management

System

Harmonization of supply and demand reduces the need for reserves and CO2 emissions Monitoring/control of production/consumption reduces demand and cost

Advanced energy management systems help to balance supply and demand and to use energy more sustainably and efficiently

Industry-Commercial-Residential


Smart GridEfficient transport

FastSlow

Fast charging needed! For highways etc Slow (normal) charging from wall outlet Grid impact when several vehicles charge at

the same time >> reinforcement or minimization by dynamic energy storage

PHEVs may be used as distributed energy storage and support the grid


eMobility – AC / DC chargers



DC Fast Charger Product Operational Pilots

Hongkong, China

Dublin, Ireland Copenhagen, Denmark

Zurich, Switzerland


Demand response &electric vehicle

integration

Power Electronics in Smart Grids Demand response and electric vehicle integration

Traction drive for (hybrid) electric vehicles

Stations for fast charging of electric vehicles

Dynamic energy storage to absorbe peaks due to simultaneous (fast) charging of several electric vehicles

Converter interface to distributed generation with built-in load management capability


Power Electronics in Smart Grids A key technology in the 4 pillars

Grid Capacity

& ReliabilityIntegration

of renewables

Demand response &electric vehicle

integrationEnergy Efficiency


Power Electronics in Smart Grids More to come…?

DC grids in wind parks

Power electronic substation Hybrid circuit breakers

Hybrid transformers

DC grids in industrial plants DC microgrids in residential applications

Solid-state switchgear

Smart Grid Demonstration Project Stockholm Royal Seaport

Vision Stockholm Royal Seaport – a world-

class sustainable environment

Goal ”Norra Djurgårdsstaden” free from

fossile fuels in 2030

CO2-emissions below 1,5 ton per person and year in 2020

Focus areas Efficient use of energy

Environmental-friendly transportation

Recycling

Lifestyle

Smart home and “Demand response” Reduced peak load and improved energy efficiency

through active consumers and home automation

Distributed generation Integration of solar panel and wind turbines

Integration and use of electric vehicles Including fast charging and load balancing

Energy storage Stability and power quality

Smart harbour Reduce CO2 emissions by supplying vessel in the harbour

with clean power from land (“Shore-to-Ship”)

Smart substation Improved efficiency and stability through automation

Smart Grid Lab R&D, simulation and demonstration of smart grid

applications

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5

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6

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Smart Grid Demonstration Project Stockholm Royal Seaport


Implementation of Smart Grid concept implies new operational features in the grid, leading to radical technology changes Sensor technology

Communication High computational power distributed in the grid to collect

info and take decisions in real time

More power electronics at all levels to increase controllability in transmission and distribution grids, and to adapt new generation and storage to the grid Critical factors to accelerate the implementation of power

electronics for smart grids, microgrids and renewables are losses, reliability, lifetime, and cost

Use of power electronics, communication and automation is the key to innovative solutions for operating modern power systems with improved reliability and power quality

Power Electronics in Smart Grids Summary

Documents

Power Electronics in Smart Grids OK to send - mesago.de ... 2 Evolution of grid design ... One-directional power flow ... vehicle integration Power Electronics in Smart Grids