Plain Truth 1972 (Prelim No 04) May_w

7/28/2019 Plain Truth 1972 (Prelim No 04) May_w

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What Our Readers Say

EXECUTIVE EDITORHerman 1. Hoeh

EDITORH ERBERT W. ARM STRON G

SENIOR EDITORSDavid Jon HillRoderick C. Meredi thMANAGING EDITORArthur A. Ferdig

NO . 4

Edit orsGene H . Hogbergj erry GentryPaul W . Kroll

May 1972VOL. XXXVII

AssociateGary L. Alex anderD ibar K. Apart ianWill iam DankenbringContributing Edi tors: Robert C. Bornker , CharlesV . Doroth y, H arry Eisenberg. Vern L. Fnrrow. Gu na r Frei bcrus , R aouf c l-Garnrn al ,Rob ert E. Ge ntet , Rob ert L. Kuhn . Ernes t L.Martin, Ge rhard O. M arx. Richard C. Pete rson.Don ald D . Schroeder. Rich ard H . Sed liacik,Charl es Vinson , Eu gene M. \X'alter. \X'illi amWhikehe art .Re?,;olltll Edi tors: Bonn : Frank Schnee; Bru sse ls : Ray Kosanke; Geneva : Colin \V'ilk ins;Johannesburg : Robert Fahey; Londnn : Ray mond F. l\lcNair ; M an il a : Col in Ada ir; Mex ico City : Enrique Ru iz ; Sydney : C . \\layneCo le : Vancouver: Dean \\!jlson ; \X;lshington,D.C. : Dexte r H . Faulkner.Research St


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Personalfrom

Meetings With the Leaders ofJapan, India, Ceylon and IsraelTOKYO, March 15th :THIS HAS BEEN a thrilling day! I havehad meetings today with. eight ofprobably the ten most powerful men in the governmentof Japan - the second most powerful nation in thefree world.

These are the leaders whose responsibility it is toguide the destiny of more than one hundred millionpeople.

The climax of the day was another 40-minute meetingwith the Prime Minister of Japan, Mr. Eisaku Sato. At theoutset of our meeting, the Prime Minister reminded me thatthis was a very historic occasion. But le t me save that for theclimax of this Personal talk with our readers, even as it wasthe climax of this historic day.

On this present trip, I have been accompanied by my elderdaughter and Mr. and Mrs. Stanley R. Rader. We lef t PasadenaMonday, March 6, flew to Honolulu , s topping there overnight.Then Tuesday morning we took off on a one-stop (Wake Islandto refuel) flight to Tokyo. During the morning leg of the flightwe crossed the international dateline, and suddenly it wasWednesday, March 8.

At Tokyo International Airport we did no t disembark, butDr. and Mrs. Nobumoto Ohama came aboard our aircraft, andflew with us to Seoul, Korea. Besides being Japan's leading educator, Dr. Ohama is probably the leading nonofficial adviser tothe Government-at least concerning Okinawan affairs. Dr. andMrs. Ohama have visited both our Pasadena and Texas campuses of Ambassador College, where he addressed the studentbodies. At Seoul airport we received a warm welcome, from awelcoming delegation, and a number of television and newspaperphotographers.

I had never been to Korea before. Dr. Ohama and I had[Continued Oi l page 46)

PLAIN TRUTH May 1972

In This Issue:What Ou r Readers

Say Inside Front CoverPersonal from the Editor . . . .Now Emerg ing - A NewBalance of Power . . . . . . . . 2Adva nce News . . . . . . . . . . . . 10The Bible Is a Now Book . . . 12Rad io Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15''' But My Son Is a

':;ood Boy [" 16Why the Vas t Difference

Between Animal Brain an dHuman Mind? 21In Yo ur Life: TheBig Question . . . Survival! . . 30

"If I Were Pres ident . . ." . . . 38What You Can Do 44

Harry Redl - Black StarABOUT OUR COVER

The Western W orld gained freshinsights into Ch inese socie ty withthe inaugurat ion in 1899 of the"Open Door Policy" by the UnitedStates. F if ty years later the Commun ists seized power ; and Chinaducked behind the "Bamboo Curtain ." Now a fte r ano ther twentythree years, Pre sident N ixon hasmade his epic journey to China,launching what might well be called"O pen Door Poli('y- Phase Two."Today's China internally mainta insits almost pur itanical allegiance toMarxist-Leninist philosophy as interpreted by Mao Tse-tung in thefamous "little red book" The children in th is pho to remind one ofLenin's words:: "G ive us the childfor eigh t years and it will be aBolshevik for ever ."


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Now Emerging

ANEWBalance of Power

A new world is taking shape. President Nixon 'sPeking and Moscow ta lks reflect Washington 'snew g loba l stra tegy. Its success could pro longth e world's insecure peace. Failure wou ldsurely le a d to a nuclear nightmare .

by Ge ne H. Hogberg

SUDDENLY it's a changed world ,filled with un certainties. The postWorld-War-II era is over. Thebipolar relat ionship between the U. S.and the Soviet Union is altered. Anew, more complex scheme of thingsis taking shape.

How D id It Happen?For a quarter century the wholeworld revolved around two championswith thei r impass ioned and oppos ingideologies. Now t he re are five powercenters vying for attention and in fluence in the modern wor ld .

To be sure, only the original twoactors on the post-war scene can beclassified as being "superpowers" inthe fullest defini tion of the term economically, politically and mil itarily.But the other three - China, Japanand Western Europe - are coming upfast. They are receiving increased andconcerned attention by the former BigTwo.

The U. S. made the first move. Th eBamboo curtain was officially breachedwhen Richard M . Nixon opened upUnited States relations with mainlandChina. Ended were 22 years of virtualsilence.2

But even before that the U. S.actively pursued arms agreement talkswith the Soviets and sought to achievea wor ld monetary realignment.

Mainland China, despite her newfound prest ige , disavows superpowerintentions. Or so claimed PremierChou En-lai in his par t of the finalcommunique at the conclusion of hisunprecedented talks with Mr. Ni xon .Terminology notwi thstanding, China'sproud nation, holding high the bannerof Mao Tse-tung thought, shows nosigns of limiting its impact in theworld , especially when it comes tosupporting " revolutionary struggles"within the develop ing "Third World"nati ons.Peking's largely defensive nuclear

capacity - directed primarily at fearedarch-enemy Russia - continues togrow, somewhat to the amazement ofWestern scientists . Who among themwould originally have thought thelargely agrarian Chinese society wascapable of such soph isticated technological achievement?It was very much in the inte rest of

the Ch inese leadership in Peking,meantime, to open up a new "diplomatic front" with the U . S. to counter-

balan ce pressure from Moscow. Someleaders in the Kremlin have openlyhinted at a nuclear "first-strike" atChina's nucl ear weapons facilities.

China's Other FearAcross the East Ch ina Sea an eco

nomic ph oenix has risen out of theashes of defeat in World W ar II to become the second largest economic giantin the free wor ld. Japan - history'sonly vic tim of atomic atta ck - could,if it so desired, develop nucle ar weapons of its own in two years. Scientistscall the ph enomenon "N minus 2."And within a decade Tokyo couldpossess a first-rate nucl ear weapons arsena l. Red China cannot overlook th ispossibility.Clear across the wo rl d, th e nations

of Western Europe continue thei rmarch toward un ity, desp ite the obstacles of history and age-old animosities. When the six natio ns of theCommon Market become ten onJanuar y 1, 197 3, the new bloc wi llcontrol an awesome 40% of theworld 's t rade. Lead ing statesmen ofWestern Europe continually plead forcommon European political and mil itary policies to protect thei r hard-



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earned economic gains. But nochampion has risen above local politicsto achieve it.But the view of the world from

Washington encompasses more thanthe emergence of the th ree new competi tors . Mr. Nixon and his advisorsare confronted with two add itional factors of extreme importance.

Soviet Th reat UnabatedFirst is the continued growth of

Soviet military power. In his majorforeign policy speech in February, Mr.Nixon declared that "in virtually everycategory of strategic offensive anddefensive weapons the Soviet Unionhas continued to improve its capability." Moscow's unabated arms buildup, the President continued, raises"serious questions concerning Sovietobjectives ."

The President well understands theultimate Soviet objective - a finalknockout blow against the West.Compounding the factor of the con

tinued Soviet threat is the prevailingmood in America today. Sickened bythe Vietnam experience, public sentiment clearly is behind- a diminishedU. S. role in world affairs.Exactly how to accomplish this de

sired retrenchment toitbont erodingAmerican inf/llence and prestige tothe danger level has become the pri mary aim of U. S. fore ign policy."Classic" Balance of PowerMany historian s have noted a

marked parallel between today's fivesided world and conditions prevalent in Europe dur ing the 19th century, when the five powers of Britain,France, Russia, Austria, and Prussiavied for power and influence.Five major powers, it so happens,

comprise the ideal number of contestants for the "classic" balance-ofpower relationship according to poli tical scientists. With only two players,one tends to dominate the other andtherefore win unless a precarious stalemate can be managed. Thi s type of arrangement aptly describes the veryPLA IN TRUTH May 1972

nature of the Russo-American ColdWar - a "man -to-man" standoff, stalemated by a nuclear "balance-of-terror"arms race.Much more inherently unstable is

a balance-of-power situation involvingthree players where the ultima te resultis victory for the side where twopowers find mutual interests againstthe third part y. A four-player situationcan easily become a stalemated twoagainst-two and therefore very muchlike one against one, or it can becomean unstoppable three against one.

The real difference comes with fiveplayers of roughly equal capabilities.In this arrangement one power canplay the role of "the balancer" bythrowing its diplomatic weight andinfluence to whatever side may appearto be weakening at the moment, thusmaintaining the balance. In Europe,Britain has traditionally played thisrole, earning her the dubious title of"Perfidious Albion ."All of this explanation may sound

somewhat unrealistic, even childish, tothe average person not schooled ininternational relations. Yet the conceptof balance of power, in whatever formit takes in any given situation, is asreal as life itself and as old as history.

U. S. the New "Balancer"?There is ample evidence to suggest

that Mr. Ni xon is at tempting to recreate a classic balance-of-power situation in which the United States, hopefully, can occupy the role of thebalancer.Thi s is not to say that the U. S. is

actively encouraging the developmentof addi tional superpowers . I t is quiteclear that Washington does not wantto see either a nuclear Japan or aunited Western Europe in possessionof its own integrated nuclear force.Realit y, however, dictates that Europe,Japan and also China, regardless ofhow their separate developments takethem , are looming power centers thatmust be dealt with on more or lessequal planes with the Soviet Union.

Archi tect of the New BalanceChief architect of the new Nixon

game-plan is said to be top Presidential advisor, Dr. Henry Kissinger. Theformer Harvard professor is wellknown in academic circles for his erudite books on international affairs,among them A IF'orid Restored, a refined version of his doctoral thesis atHarvard.The book essentially deals with Aus

tria's Prince Metternich and Britain'sLord Castlereagh and their efforts atthe Congress of Vienna in 1815 to rebalance the European continent afterits disruption by France's Napoleon.They attempted to construct a balancedinternati onal system whereby no singlepower would become strong enough todictate its will to the others. Theirconcept succeeded" more or less, foralmost a century until 1914, when warsuddenly engulfed all Europe.From Dr. Kissinger'S treatise, it is

clear that the role of the "balancer"involved essentially an unsentimentalappr oach. Little regard can afford to bepaid to previous alliances, haloed ideological stands or past attitudes towardpowers on either side of the scale.Despite the outcries from conser

vatives that he has "sold out to theCommun ists," Mr. N ixon believed itis in the interest of both the nationand the overall cause of world peaceto open dialogue with Peking. "Communist" China is now recognized inWashington for what it is officially "The People's Republic of China."This is all part of what has been

described as the "decline of ideologyand the rise of pragmati sm" in U. S.foreign affairs.

Will it Work?Can Mr. Ni xon and Dr. Kissinger

"pu ll it off" - to use the vernacular ?A lot , of course, depends upon the

attitudes of the other four powers inthe equation. After all, none of themis asking the United States to assumethe ro le of holder-of-the-balance.But there are indications that in

some circumstances, the United States3


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can serve a useful purpose, at least inthe role of an "intermediary," if notas an outright mediator.Look at it this way: China and

Russia are not on speaking terms. Peking refuses to deal with the presentJapanese government. Japan and theSoviet Union have yet to sign a peacetreaty terminating World War II.Yet since the China trip, all th ree

Asian powers can deal , in reasonabl ycordial terms , with the United States.Furt hermore, there is definite reason

to believe that nei ther the USSR norChina wishes to see the United Statespull out completely from the WesternPacific.

The reason? U. S. presence in Japanvirtually gua rant ees, under terms ofthe U. S.-Japanese Security Treaty,that Tokyo will never feel the need todevelop its own nuclear force.Moscow has been silent of late on

its once-strident demands for scrap ping that Security Treaty.Peking is in much more of a di

lemma over this issue. U. S. presence inJapan also entails continued Americansupport for client states South Koreaand Taiwan - an anathema situationto Peking .But the Chinese leadership on the

mainland may come to see that keeping the nuclear lid on Tokyo may beworth suffering even the indefiniteseparation of Ta iwan. And fr iendshipwith the Un ited States is certainlyworth its weight in gold as Peking'scounterbalance to the Soviet Union.

Critics Speak OutOpponen ts of the Ni xon / Kissinger

IF'eltanscb.uaotg (world ou tlook) havebeen quick to declare that the simpleconditions for the 19th century, largelyEuropean balance-of-power equation,cannot be app lied to the highly complex ioorkiwide situation today.Harvard professor of government,

Stanley Hoffman , points out: "Today'snation s act not merely on the classicalstage - of diplomacy and strategy for which the balance of power wasdevised but on other stages - economic, monetary, technol ogical. . . ."4

"To app ly tradi tional rules to so different a game is a mistake," assertsHoffman, "because we too will be thelosers if our partners, shocked by ourbehavior, retaliate in kind both on thenew and on the old stage."

Europe a Key Fac to rIt is precisely in the field of econom

ic and monetary matters that the newbalance could collapse. It is also thefield in which "balancer" America is

"What we see as we lookahead,S , 10 , and per-haps 15 years, we seefive great econom icsuperpowers: The UnitedStates, Western Europe,the Soviet Union, Main-land China, and, ofcourse, Japan . .. theseare the five that willdetermine the economicfuture, and because eco-nomic power wil l be thekey to other kinds ofpower, the future of theworld . . . ."From a speech by Presid en t Richa ,dM. Nixon, deli vered in Kansas City ,M issou,i, Ju ly 6, 19 71 .

weakest. In fact, the battered dollarcould be Ameri ca's "Achilles' heel."

Western Europ e - the often over looked fifth par tne r in the new equation - is extremely disturbed over thedismal per formance of the U. S.economy.As of August 15, 1971, the dollar is

no long er convertible. Th is has left52,000,000,000 non-redeemable greenbacks - that's 52 bill ion dollars in the hands of the Western Europeannations and Japan.

What is worse is that heavy American balance-of -payments deficits areexpected for at least two more years.This will result in additional billionsof unwanted doll ars piling up inforeign coffers.Alr eady, some newspapers in France

are making the shocking suggestions

that the Europeans and the Japaneseuse their unwanted billions to "buyup" U. S. business subsidiaries in the ircountries . In short this would meanexpropriation of Amer ican assets.Of course, such a course would only

lead to retaliation against foreignowned property in the Uni ted States.Tra de war would be an ugly reality.

"Peace, Peace . . ."Desp ite the fra ilty of the emerging

new world orde r, some analysts arepredicting that it offers more hope forworld peace than any other solut ionthat has been offered at any time inrecent world history.As such they may be only echoing

the Biblical prediction th at some wouldproclaim, in our danger-filled endtime, a message of ". . . Peace, peace ;when there is no peace" (Jeremiah6 :14) .The reality of the situation is that

histo ry proves that all balance-ofpowe r relationships ult imately breakdown. Wars inevitab ly result.A balance-of-power arrangement is

calle d upon to achieve an end it cannot reach - international stability-the ironical reason being that abalance-of -power equation is in itselfinhe rently unstable and dynamic. Themost it can achieve is a temporaryprolongation of "peace" - or morecorrectly, "non-war."In a world of five actual or potential

nuclear powers, the way to permanentpeace must be sought in a di fferentworld - a world of God's makingand not man's. R IGHT: Society in China is strictlyregr/lated accord illg to the philosophyof Commnnist Party Chairman MaoTse-tmt g , In classroom scene at right.banner s nderneatb pictsre of Maoreads, "JIISt as a ship 0 11 the seadepends 0 11 th e helmsman , the reuolurio depends 0 11 the thollghts of MaoTse-tnny ," Photographs 011 the succeeding pages reueal li fe in China today.The captions are actaal quotations[ron: writings and speeches of ilIaoTs e-tlll/g, as gi ven in the official Eng/ish translation of tbe [amous "l itt lered book ."

Right , Anne Keatley - Block Star


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6

Ebeiseder - Black Star"Hard work is lik e a load placed before ns, challeng-ing lIS to sboulder it . Some loads are light , someheauy,"


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" China's wome n are a vast reserve of labor power.This reserve sbonld be tapp ed ill the stmggle tobltild (I great socialist country ." 7

"We are advocates of theabolition of war} we donot want war; but warcan only be abolishedthrough war} and in orderto get rid of the gun it isnecessary to take up the}}gun. - Mao

l eft , Harry Red' - Slack St ar

Anne Keatley - BlacleStar

Above , Cartier -Bresson - Magnum


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"We must treasure our manpower andmaterial resources) and must not take ashort view and indulge in wastefulness andt ))ex ravagance. - iVIao

"We should pay close attention tothe well-being of the masses) fromthe p roblems of land and labo r tothose of fuel) rice) cooking oil andsalt.)) - Mao

8

Anne Keatl ey - Black StorHarry Redl - alack Stor


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"Weapons are animportant factor inuiar, bu t not thedecisive factor; it is' people that are deci-sive. ,, '; Military andeconomic powernecessarily wielded by.people. JJ _ Mao,

As mammals increase in mentalcomplexity from rabbit to cat to chimpto man , there is a general tendencyfor these lamin ars to become morestrat ified and more distinct. Now what3 Ea ch lam inar, seen in mic roscopic cross sectionas a " layer ," is actually a " layered sheet" -each one running pa ra llel to th e cortical su rfaceat its own spec ified dep th. Th e accep ted systemclass if ies six such layers. However . in man , therehas been disagreement as to how many laye rs,sublayers , etc. , there a re in any given cortica llocus. .26

The cerebral cortex is the seatof all higher mental activity.Shown to the right ar e crosssections of the huma n (1 / 6inch thic k), ch imp, ra t a nddolphin cortex. Noti ce six dis-tinct cellular layers in the humanand ch imp - and the lack ofsuch distinct layer s in the ratand dolph in. Cou ld this helpexp la in intelligence?

about the cetaceans? Well, brain research has finally uncovered the longsought "good criterion for insistingupon man's superiority." Because incetaceans this laminar arrangement islargely absent . Notice how Krugerphrases his conclusion:

I f we were forced 10 choose thecriteria of greatest relevance to intel lectual developmen t, the mere fact thatthree mammalian orders (Cetacean,Primates and Proboscidea [ elephants})presumably develop extensive "associat ion" cor tex would seem to suggestth at the degree of laminar differentia-tion is the most evident characteri st icthat can be claimed for super io r i ty inthe human brain, unless one wishes 10claim that do lphins and elephants areas clever as man.Why, asks Kruger, are human be

ings mentally superior to whales, dolphins , and elephants when the brainsof the latter are enormously largerin size and almost equal with respectto all the traditional s tandards?

Kruger has 110 altern ative - he

has only one viable point I n whichhuman brain is supreme : lam inardi fferentia/ion - human cortical cellsare arranged neatly in layers.

Circular reasoning has dictated thisjudgment - and Kruger tells us so!His logical appraisal is as sound asit is forth right and honest. He k nelllthat man's brain must be the mostadvanced - yet he saw every traditional neurological yardstick deny it.Though other authors would cling tothese ill -advised criteria - whichsupposedly proved human brain superior to cetacean brain when in factthey suggested quite the reverse Kruger candidly eliminated them. Asa result, he had to nominate the onlyconceivable way in which human braincould possibly be supreme: the arrangement of human cortical cellbodies in layers and the absence ofsuch lamin ar strat ification in cetaceancerebral cortex.



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.. .."..

, "

./ ' .. -.

' . ' . ( ,;

t t' 0

...".=.

Why should laminar differentiationmake such a spectacular difference inthe mental output of rather similarbrains? I t doesn't matter. Experimentalevidence or theoretical justificationnever had to be considered.s Therewas 110 other choice! In contradistinction to all too many scientists, Krugermakes the reader aware of his solidreasoning procedures and weappreciate that.

Cetacean versus HumanIn conclusion now, what have we

learned from cetacean brain? Slijperstates that the whale brain almostequals the human brain. Neurophysiologists have notoriously strained toascertain why these huge, highly complex cetacean brains are not actually4 Of cou rse, th ere are goo d reasons. O rder con tains more inform ation than diso rd er . Fu rther more. th e inte raction among cor t ical neurons especially wha t is ca lIed " lateral inhibitions" -is made easier by th e neuro ns sit ua ted next toeach other in cows or lamin ars.PLAIN TRUTH May 1972

superior to human brains. And Krugermust utilize circular reasoning toprove that the human brain is evenslightly more advanced, employing a"last-resort" laminar analysis of cerebral cortex to do so - after negatingall the other so-called "proofs."

Obviously, the human brain is physically superior to any cetacean brain.We've never doubted that fact.Kruger's right. He makes his point.

But this is our point:I f Kruger had to brilliantly struggleto keep the human brain just barely

superior to cetacean brain, how thencan anybody explain by , physicalmeans alone the yawning chasm between the unrestrained mental activities of human beings and the stereotyped instincts of porpoises, dolphins,and whales?I t is physically impossible.A non-physical factor is demanded.

(To Be Continued)

O N THE fol lowing two pages,we compare man to chimpand chimp to rat. Why arehumans so menta lly super ior tochimps, while chimps are only barelysuperior to rat s? Again we ask: Canthe reason be just physical?

27


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MAN, CHIMP AND RATLeaving our huge-brained assistants

to once again roam the seas in peace,we return our inquiry to dry land.We now restrict our investigation tothe relative positions among the brainsof man, chimp , and rat as comparedto the relative positions among themel/tal activities of man, chimp, rat.

1. The traditional (and generallyvalid) method of determining therelative state of brain sophistication isby comparing percentages of intrinsiccortex to total cortex. This percentageis roughly 90% in humans, 80% inchimp, and 10% in rat. This meansthat the rat -to-chimp increase is 56times greater than the correspondingchimp -to-man increase.

2. Q ~ a l i t a t i v e l y , the same relativepositions among man, chimp, and ratalso hold with respect to the structuralneuroanatomy of cerebro-cortical dendrites and the waveform neurophysiology of cerebro-cortical electricalactivity. (See accompanying illustrations.) These are two of the mostsignificant measuring sticks for braincapacity - and man and chimp aresimilar in comparison with the obviousdisparity between chimp and rat.

3. Comparative brain studies show:a. Brain weight is 3 pounds for

man, 1 pound for chimp, and 0.004pounds for rat . Therefore, while chimp

brain is 250 times larger than ratbrain, human brain is only 3 timeslarger than chimp brain.

b. The brain/brain-stem weigh tratio is extremely similar in man andchimp - much higher than in rat .

c. The relative weight percentageof the frontal lobes to total brainweight is perhaps the best weightratio-indicator of higher mental fun ctioning. For man and chimp , thisratio is almost identical - when compared with the miniscule frontal loberatio in rat.

d. From all appearances, it wouldtake a trained individual to distinguishthe cerebro -cortical convolutions ofchimp from those of man, while inrat convolutions are unknown.

e. It would take a skilled neuroanatomist to differentiate laminar distribution in human cerebral cortexfrom the laminar distribution in chimpcerebral cortex - but a layman couldapp reciate the laminar differencesbetween cerebral cortices of chimpand rat. (See previous pages.)

f. All these empirical observationslead to one conclusion: Chimp brainis enormously more comple x than ratbrain, whereas in comparison, humanbrain is only faintly more complexthan chimp brain.4. Consequently, on the basis of allphysical data, if physical brain is thesubstrate of mental activity, chimpshould be mentally superior to rat toa far greater degree than man is men -tally superior to chimp. We shouldlogically expect that the mental outputof brain function in man , chimp, andrat - the psychological accomplish ments of the individuals and thesociological attainments of the species- would closely follow the relativepositions of the ir respective brains ,and be rather similar for man andchimp, wh ile much different for chimpand rat. As a result , based on theirphysical brains alone, humans shouldthink only a bit bette r than chimp,

whereas chimp should think snbstan-tially better than rat.

5. Precisely the opposite is true .Chimps and rats think very similarly,Both can learn extraordinarily complexproblems involving long sequences ofsignals and moves. Both have similardr ives, mot ivations, emotions, etc.


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6. But who could honestly say thatman differs only quantitatively fromchimp? Wh o but man possesses theawareness of ecstasy, the ecstasy oflove, the love of beauty, the beautyof accomplishment, the accomplishment of inspiration, the inspiration ofcreativity, the creativity of wisdom,the wisdom of hum ility, the humilityof knowledge, the knowledge of humor, and the humor of himself ? Mallstands apart . Wholly distin ct in quality. A wholly unique creature.

7. We formulate our conclusion:a. The human brain is qualitatively

identical to animal brain, merely cont inuing the gradual increase in complexity, evidenced by all mammals.

b. All brain research - anatomy,biochemistry , electrophysiologystaunchly proclaims that the humanbrain is [us) barely superio r to chimpbrain, whereas chimp brain is substantially superior to rat brain .

c. Consequently, if the human mindis enti rely the product of the humanbrain , then the human mind can bejust barely superior to chimp "mind,"whereas chimp "mind" must be substantially superior to rat "mind."

d. But chimps and rats have qualitat ively the same compulsive behavioral patterns.

e. And the self-conscious humanmind is sup reme beyond measure unequivo cally distinct and irrevocablydisassociated from the stereotypedbehavio r of chimp.f. As a result, it is obvious that theslim superiority of the human brainover the animal brain cannot possiblyaccount for this unbridgeable gulfthat exists between the uniqu ely unrestrained human mind and the instinctively automatic animal brain.

g. Th erefore, a NON-physical additive must augment the hum an brain,converting it into the human mind,since no physical component existsthat can account for it.Th e human BRAIN cannot explainthe human MIND . It's plain. It'ssimple. There must be a non-physicalingredient in the human mind .PLAIN TRUTH May 1972

Electrical Response inCerebral Cortex

Pyramidal Cell ofCerebral Cortex


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In YOUR Life:

The BIG Question ...SURVIVAL IThe leader of anyone of a number of nationscould, now, in a rash moment, touch off thenuclear war that COULD ERASE HUMAN LIFEfrom the earthl And there's not much time tofind the ANSWERl

by Herbert W. Armstrong

PRESIDENT NIXON'S visit to Communist China was called a peaceseeking mission. But heads ofnations - I' ve said it before - havebeen seeking peace for thousands ofyears. Y et none have [oto rd it!We need soberly to face it - wemay not have even one more decad eto come up with the SOLUTION ! Upto some thre e decades ago , it wasdifferent. The world had TIME! It hasbeen faced with the question of peacefor millenn iums. But now we are ona colli s ion course head-on with thequestion of SURVIVAL!Now - Five Mean s of Mass

DestructionAt least five means of mass-destruction exist today that could destroyall human life on this plan et!

Th at' s the factor that makes all thedifference!On his return to W ashington, Mr.Nixon said : "We have demonstratedthat nations with very big and fundamenta l differences can learn to discussthose questions calmly, rationally andfrankly, without compromising their30

principles . Th is is the basis of a structure fo r peace." But that is the samebasis by which nations have attemptedto achieve peace for mil lenn iums.Consider soberly: " . . . Very BIG and

fundamental differences . . . wi thollt[either side J compromising their p rin-ciples" - can THAT be the basis forpeace ? It never has been !When you realize that, on the Com

munist side, those very big and fundamental differences are selfishly aggreJ-Jive - differences involving designson ultimately conqllering and takingOller the free world - that is no basisfor peace ! Yet th at is, and has beenfrom the begi nni ng, the BIG andfundamental DIFFERENCE in th e Communist obj ective!But - MOST IM PORTANT - up to

now, ONLY the problem of peace wasinvo lved. But today we are facing thequestion of SURVIVAL!Notice briefly some of the inter

national reactions to thi s "peace mission ." A report in Time on the missionsays: "Still, almost everywhere, theChina trip prompted fresh ponderingabout the unsettling new shape of

world diplomacy and , in some coun tries , about the future state of tieswith the U. S."One example: In Europe andBritain the joint communique issuedat Shanghai , and sig ned by PresidentNixon , was viewed with misgivings ofa fur ther loosening of U. S. ties insupport of Europe. This sort ofEuropean misgivings is the very thingthat could tr igger an immediate crashprogram to unite West ern Eu rop e ina resurrection of the old "Ho ly RomanEmpire" - as a third colossus amongthe great military powers, equal to orstronger than either the U. S. orRussia !And that conld q"ickly trigger theIll/clear WORLD WAR Ill.'This is not intended as a perso nal

crit icism of Mr. Nixon's visit to RedChina, nor of his efforts in "seekingpeace." A President of the Uni tedStates enters office BOUND by manycircumstances. I would be the last tosay tha t I could do better.I am simply grateful that I do not

find myself in the position of beingso boun d and restricted. I have been



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free to discuss these world conditionsand problems - and the WAY toworld peace - with many heads ofgove rnments around the world. Also,I have been free to speak to manymillions, th rough Th e PLAIN TRUTHand over the air , pointing out free lywhat is WRONG with the world wha t is the only possible CAUSE thatcan bring worl d peace (o r peace between ind ividuals or groups) - freeto tell the world how we ARE GOINGTO HAVE world peace.YOU who read th is need to realize

the urgen cy and extreme seriousnessof the pre sent world situation! I t isominously possible that the extinctionof human life on this eart h could takeplace in th is decade!

Let' s get st ra ight to the crux of thisterrifying number one world probl em.T he Numbe r OneWorld Problem

If we are to save humanity alive, wemust learn WHY man is as he is andhow he got this way - WHY manseems always befuddled with unso lvable problems - WHY humani ty isharassed with so many EVILS and WHYthese evils are fast accelerating - WHYman can fly to the moon and back,but can' t live at peace with fellowman here on ear th .We need to go all the way back.

Man's troubl es, evils, and wars extend back to the beginning of history- or prior to it. To find the answerwe must go all the way back to prehistory. Man did not come to be as heis, just recently. We need to know howhumanity came to be on this eart h how earth itself came to be. We needto find HOW , WHY, and WHEN mancame to be as he is.'

As I said last month, men havespeculated through the millenniumson this question of origins. Scientistshave devoted lifetimes to studying thequestion. Man y scholarly books havebeen written - BUT NO ANSWERS NO SOLUTIONS FOR OUR DESPERATEPROBLEM OF SURVIVAL! No explanation of why man is as he is, helplessto deal with his own problems.PLAIN TRUTH May 1972

But the plain truth is that the mostscholarly researches have had nothingmore to go on than baseless speculation - human guesses Il 1 totalabsence of evidence or fact. Th escholarly books mus: start with statements such as "we know nothing but men of science give us someguesses."

One of the scholarly works that haswon wide acceptance is H. G. Wells'Om line of History. I quo ted from itlast month, with quotes such as : "Wedo not know how life began uponthe ear th. Biologists . . . have madeguesses about these beginnings."

I first read Wells' Outline of H is-tory many years ago. Ever since, Ihave wanted to wri te a para llel outline of history, presenting the otherside of th is two-sided question ofong ll1s .

For whil e the scien tists, historiansand scholars are forced to start withadmissions of ignorance about thesebeginnings, they have exhibited anequa l lack of knowledge to accountfor man as he is - man with suchinte llectual and technical abilities thathe not on ly can fly to the moon andreturn , but also can produce the modern computer and the most delicatemechanisms. Yet he cannot solve hisown personal, social, moral, andethical problems. He seems, now,bent on DESTROYING HIMSELF !

T he Academic Freedom toIn vestigate Thi s Two-sided

QuestionWhen I began an in-depth study of

the creation -vs.-evolution question, Iresearched both sides. I delved intothe writings of Darwin and his champions, Haeckel and Huxley, and ofLamarck before them, as well asChamberlain, Vogt and others af terthem. But also I opened my mind tolook into the Biblical claims for specialcreation .

And there I foun d a total lack ofguesses, speculations , hypo theses andtheories. I found pos itive statements.And I found the on ly rational exp lana-

tion of WHY man is as he is, and howhe came to be that way - WHY thereis no peace, and what is the sureCAUSE that would produce peace.

Like H. G. Wells' Outline of H is-lor)', most of the scholarly works arebased solely on the evolutionarytheory and a rejection of revelat ionas a source of basic knowledge.

Th is has placed these scholarly gen tlemen in the position of being utterlySHUT OFF from all knowledge andfactual evidences of origins : of HOWman came to be on ear th, of HOW lifebegan, of WHY man is as he is!

Th us of necessity they have had norecourse but to use baseless IMAG INA-TION to speculate , guess, conjectureand theor ize as to what they in theirutter ignorance SUPPOSE might havetaken place.

But in the Bible are positive statemen ts, claiming to come from theSupreme Being of total intelligenceand tota l power. These positive statements claim He brought all matt er,force and energy and all natural lawsinto being. Evolutionists are forced tobeg in their speculations with all thesehaving al ready been brought intoexistence.

The Bible claims to explain HOWman came to be as he is - so seemingly intell igent , yet so utterly helpless before his own social, moral andethical problems.

Now we, ourselves, have two alternatives. We may deliberately blindour eyes and shut out of en tranceinto our minds these positive Biblicalclaims , and accept with the "educated"majority the baseless imaginationsand humanly devised theories of thescholars, OR we may open our eyes toread, and our minds to weigh andconsider, these POSITIVE claims andevidences for origins, for CAUSES ofconditions as they are, and for SOLU TIONS the Bible PROMISES shall come.

So now I propose to give you acomparatively short-short condensationof the Biblical revelation of origins,and of the PUR POSE for which humanity was put on earth, as well as the

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reasons for men's pathetic plight today.T his sho rt-short outl ine of history

will begin at the beginning - all theway back into prehi story, where Biblical claims foun d in various parts ofthe Bible make some very startlingrevelations, not generally und erstoodeven by the theologians. From prehistory, back to the very begillllillgs,we shall quickly trace the outline ofhistory to the present , and th roughprophecies, on into the eternitybeyond.Very few, even among the more

scholarly theologians, recogn ize all thatth is world 's "best seller" reveals inthis amazing revelation about man how he came, \, 'HY he is, and wherehe is going.The condition in th is world , at the

moment, is so seriously sobering itwould be the foll y of fools to closeone's min d to this revelation, whichdoes pur port to show us the SOLUT ION- the way to PEACE - and not onlythe way to survival, for survivalalone is NO T ENOUGH. We needsurvival in peace, in happiness, 111universa l prosperity and health, inabun dant well-being .

This is a challenge to COMPAREthese positive claims , stated as fromauthority, with the speculations, admissions of ignorance, and baselesstheor ies that have won such wide acceptance in a world just about toDESTROY ITSELF !

"I n the Beg inning . . ."I begin, then , at the beginning

the first verse, first chapter, first bookin the Bible - Genesis 1 :1."In the beginning God created the

heaven and the earth ."It does not say "mus t have," "couldhave," or "perhaps." I t is simp ly theplain statement, as a fact , as by an .author who kllO Il'S the facts and is notguessing. It is a statement authoritatively expressed . It does not say when.Neither here, nor elsewhere in theBible. So far as revelation goes, sincethe date is not revealed, it could havebeen anywhere from some 6,000 yearsto several billion years ago .32

But Moses wrote these words illHebr ew. And the Heb rew verb inGenesis l : 1 does imply a perfect creation, not one in chaos and confu sion.The Bible represents God as the per-[ect God who does what He doesperfectly.

The book of Job shows God talk ingwith Job about the creation. God issaying to Job, "W here wast thou whenI laid the foundations of the earth?"Th ere is the implication here that Jobhad directed the bu ild ing of some verygreat edifice - such as the greatpyramid of Giza in Egypt. Job wasrighteous and somewhat proud of hisaccomplishmen ts. God was whittlinghim down to humility by a comparisonof accomplishments.God continues, "W ho hath laid themeasures thereof , if thou knowest ?

or who hath stretched the line uponit ? Whereupon are the found ationsthereof fastened [margin, "sunk"]?or who laid the corner stone the reofwhen the morning stars sang together,and all the sons of God shouted forjoy?" (Jo b 38 :4-7.)

I t is significant that the great pyramid is a building where the cornerstone is not laid in the foundation, butthe final stone to be laid - at thepinnacle. The "morning stars" arelight- (tru th-) br inging angels andarchangels, according to Biblical interpretat ion of symbols. As creations ofGod, they also are ref err ed to as "allthe sons of God." So this, too, imp liesa perfect and glorious creation of theearth.

Sinning AngelsHumans are not mentio ned II I this

connection or as of that time . Angelsare. Other passages of the Bible indicate that, originally, the earth waspopulated by angels, not by humans.Th is may come as a real surpr ise tomany reade rs. But it is the plainrepresen tation of the Bible.Notice Jude 6-7 : "And the ange ls

which kept not their first estate, butleft their own habitation, he hathreserved in everlasting chains underdarkness unto the judgment of the

great day. Even as Sodom and Gornorrha, and the cities about them inlike manner, giving themselves overto fornication, and going after strangeflesh, are set forth for an examp le,suffering the vengeance of eternalfire."These angels, as attes ted by other

passages, became demons upon sin ning. The estate they left was thisearth. It will be explained later whythey left it. So these angels sinned.No tice II Peter 2 :4-7 : " For if God

spa red not the angels that sinned , butcast them down to tartnrns [Greek] ,and delivered them into chains ofdarkn ess [error, perversion ], to bereserved unto judgment; and sparednot the old world , but saved Noahthe eighth person, a preacher ofrighteousness, bringing in the floodupon the world of the ungodly ; andturning the cities of Sodom andGomo rrha into ashes, condemned themwith an overt hrow, making them anensample unto those tha t af ter shouldlive ungodl y; and delivered justLot. . . ."Notice , first, allgels, second, the

humans of the old world, third, thepeop le of Sodom and Gomorrha, allth ree sinned. Physical destruction tothe eart h resulted from the sins of theold world and of Sodom. Universalphysical destruction occurs to the earthwhe re universal sin occurs. D id notthe sin of the angels, then, bring earth wide physical destru ction to the earth?We shall see.

An gels Sin ?One might ask, "How could angels

sin? Are they not supposed to beholy - perfect - beyond sinning?"Of course it is not intellectually fash ionab le, in many circles today, to believe angels exist. You probably willfind no mention of them in most histories.But the Bible says a great deal about

angels, and about demons. In manyreligions demons have been regardedas gods. But, as I suggested earlier,let's examine the Biblical record. Admittedly it is not in accord with the



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modern view based on the unprovedand unprovable evolutionary concept.We are here viewing the other side

of a two-sided question , to compare,to weigh the one side against theother . And let the reader, upon viewing the claims, make his own decisionas to which is the more logical, rationaland apparently TRUE case. Judge, afterviewing the evidences, which alternative more accurately accounts for, andEXPLAINS, the wretched conditions inthis sick world today!The Biblical statements make it

clear that angels, though created andcomposed of SPIRIT (not material substance) , are intelligent beings, ofminds equal or superior to humanminds . And that they also were endowed with free moral agency - thepower of making free choice.Now what was the sin of the angels

who became demons? And WHY didthey leave their habitation, Earth ? Theprophets Isaiah and Ezekiel explain,and add much.

W orId Peace ComingIn the 14th chapter of Isaiah, be

ginning verse 4, is a taunt-song againsta futu re "king of Babylon." Th isprophecy is not referring to the ancientking of Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar,who lived 600 years before Christ.The time setting is shortly future fromNOW.Notice this amazing prophecy. It

has been grossly misunderstood. Tounderstand the TIME of the prophecy,we need to view it in context , beginning with chapter 13.The 13th and 14th chapters go

together. Chapter 13 of Isaiah begins,"The oracle concerning Babylon . . . . "Th is oracle - or prophecy - concerning Babylon occupies chapters 13and 14. God is indignant against this(yet future) "Babylon," of which theBabylon of around 600 B.C. was thetype and forerunner. God is musteringhosts to battl e to destroy the landof this coming "Babylon."Beginning verse 6, (chapter 13)

it is the time when "the day of theLord" is at hand. That is a time spokenPLAIN TRUTH May 1972

of in many prophecies in both Oldand New Testaments, when the Biblesays GOD will intervene supernaturallyin world affairs - a time when Godsays, "I will punish the world fortheir evil, and the wicked for theiriniquity . . . " (verse 11). This is thetime starting shortly prior to the coming of the Messiah in supreme POWERand GLORY to set up WORLD GOVERN-MENT, to rule ALL nations, and by theGovernment of God to bring inWORLD PEACE!Then chapter 14 continues into the

time after Messiah's coming.God is going to restore Israel to

their ancient land, from a conditionof slavery. The nations who shall haveheld them as slaves (yet future fromnow) will be caused to take themback to their ancient land. And thepeople of Israel "shall take them captives, whose captives they were; andthey [Israel] shall rule over theiroppressors . And . . . the Eternal shallgive thee rest . . . from the hard bondage . . . . "

It is NOT speaking of the Israelisdwelling in that land today. They didnot return there from slavery, werenot taken there by former captors, arenot holding such former captors asslaves - do NOT have peace and rest,but war and fear of war from surrounding Arabs. Other prophecies dorefer to the Jews (House of Judah)being in that land today. But thisprophecy speaks of a time shortlyfuture from now - possibly three tofive years or more.It is at the time described in the

above th ree verses that "Thou shalttake up this proverb (margin, "tauntsong" ) against the king of Babylon,and say, 'How hath the oppressorceased! the golden [margin, "arrogant"] city ceased!'" (Verse 4.) Thisking of Babylon is their former captorwho shall have held them as slaves.His city, the arrogant or golden city- a well-known world capital.

It continues, "The Eternal hathbroken the staff of the wicked, andthe sceptre of the rulers . He whosmote the people in wrath . . . he that

ruled the nations In anger . . . . " Notice, this coming "king of Babylon"will (yet future) rule nations - morethan one - and " . . . is persecuted,and none hindereth. The whole earthis at rest, and is quiet; they breakforth into singing. Yea, the fir treesrejoice at thee, and the cedars ofLebanon . . ." (verses 6-8 ) .It is very plain that the TIME is

after the coming of the Messiah insupreme POWER and GLORY to ruleall nations, and bring us WORLD PEACE- In the happy WORLD TOMORROW!

A Prophecy for TodayThis "king of Babylon" is the fu

ture ruler over the prophesied "UnitedStates of Europe" - the comingresurrected "Ho ly Roman Empire,"described in prophecies of Revelation17 and 18. It is a system describedin Revelation 13 which was given itspower and seat by Satan.Then in verse 12, the type - this

human king of Babylon - lifts tothe arch-antitype, Satan. Satan is tobe removed and bound af ter the Messiah's coming. Ezekiel's prophecy, tobe described later, reveals that he isthe former archangel cherub, Lucifer .So continue, verse 12 :"How art thou fallen from heaven,a Lucifer, son of the morning! how

art thou cut down to the ground,which didst weaken the nations! Forthou hast said in thine heart , I willascend into heaven, I will exalt mythrone above the stars of God : I willsit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north :I will ascend above the heights ofthe clouds; I will be like the mostHigh" ( Isaiah 14:12-14). The 15thverse returns to the human king.Notice, this former archangel had

been placed as ruler over the angelsthat sinned. He had a throne. He saidhe would exalt his throne above thestars (angels) of God . I t already wasexalted above the angels on earth the angels that sinned with him. Nowhe was going to exalt it over GOD 'SANGELS in heaven. He was going toinvade God's heaven, knock God off

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the throne of the universe, and rulethe whole universe!

We learn much more about thischerub who became Satan in Ezekiel28. Here , beginning verse 1, the human pri nce of Tyre is referred to,wealthy (chapter 27), surrounded byperfect beauty, saying in his vainheart, "I am a God," - "I sit in theseat of God" (verse 2) - comparewith II Thessalonians 2:3-4.Compare also Ezek. 27 :7 with Rev.

18: 16. All these refer to the samesystem. However, Ezekiel 26 refers tothe ancient Tyre, as a forerunner ortype of the present and yet futuresystem. Then, as in Isaiah 14, thehuman type lifts to the satanic antitype in Ezek. 28:12:"Son of man, take up a lamentation[dirge] upon the king of Tyrus

[Tyre] . . . . " The whole prophecy ofchapters 27 and 28 refers, not to theruler of the ancient city of Tyre (asdoes chapter 26), but to an importantpersonage, in Satan's hand , of ourtime - and immediate future - justbefore the coming of the Messiah toremove Satan and bring in worldpeace. Therefore the prophecy pointsto the END of this great personageruling spiritually over nations - aswell as to Satan's removal from swaying mankind on earth . Now, begin ning with verse 12, and on to themiddle of verse 17, it speaks of Satanhimself.So, continue: " . . . and say unto

him, Thus saith the Lord Eterna l;Thou sealest up the sum, full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty. Thou hastbeen in Eden the garden of God;every precious stone was thy covering. . . the workmanship of thy tabretsand of thy pipes [music] was preparedin thee in the day that thou wastcreated ."

A Created BeingNotice, this is not speaking of a

human, but a CREATED being. Godwould never say of a human that heseals up the sum total of wisdom,perfection and beauty. Then who wasthis great created being, originally?34

"Thou art the anointed cherub thatcovereth; and I have set thee so," answers God. In Exodus 25 :17-20, you'will find the description of the verythrone of God in heaven, from whichHe rules the entire vast limitless uni verse. On this throne are two cherubim - super archangels - whosewings spread out and cover the throne.This personage, then, is the formerLucifer, who was at the very throneof the universe, thoroughly experienced in the Government of God overthe universe. Now he is pictured asbeing on earth . But he had been, formerly, at the very throne of God,as the next words plainly say:" . . . thou wast upon the holy

mountain of God; thou hast walkedup and down in the midst of thestones of fire. Thou wast perfect inthy ways from the day that thou wastcreated, till iniquity [lawlessness ]wast found in thee."

Then God attributes to him violence, sin, corruption of wisdom, perversion, saying he became proud his heart lifted up because of hisbeauty. Then, in verse 17, the immortal spirit antitype descends again tothe human type, who will be a chiefinstrument in Satan's hands in thetremendous world events just prior to,and leading to the coming of theMessiah to establish the GOVERNMENTOF GOD over all earth's nations.This human personage, claiming to

be God, sitting in his sanctuary (verse18) showing that he is God (I I Thes.2:3-4) , is to be destroyed by FIRE,brought to ashes (verse 18). Comparewith Revelation 19 :20. In the latter,two human personages, instruments ofSatan, are pictured - one a civil rulerover ten kings and their nations, theother called a great "False Prophet"(Rev. 19: 20) . The prophecy of Isaiah14 pictures the king of Babylon asthe civil ruler .So now, let's recapitulate thus far.

We have covered prehistory - beforeMAN ! The earth was created - according to the Bible. I t was created by theCreator God. I t was a perfect creation.The angels shouted for joy. From

creation, it was populated by angels.There was a throne, on which sat

Lucifer, a super archangel, a cherub.He had been thoroughly experiencedin the administration of the Govern ment of God, having been at thevery throne of God in heaven. Godhad placed Lucifer on the throne onearth to administer THE GOVERNMENTOF GOD over earth's angels.There was happiness , peace, joy

on earth . Of Lucifer, the Moffatttransla tion reads : "From the day youwere created, you lived a perfect life,till you were discovered doing wrong"(Ezek. 28: 15) . God did not createa devil, but a beautiful, perfect superangel. But God did give to His angelsfree moral agency - minds that werefree to think and reason - the rightof free choice.Lucifer had allowed his beauty and

perfecti on to fill him with vanity with SELF-glory, SELF-desire. He became envious of God's power, resentedauthority over him. He plotted withhis angels to marshal them into aninvading army, to invade the heavenof God, to knock God off the throneof the Universe . Lucifer was goingto BE God . I t is his deceptive swayover the "Prince of Tyre" that willyet cause this personage to claim thatHE, a man, is God.So Lucifer was no longer "LIGHT-

Bringer" but now an ADV ERSARY an Aggressor, a Competitor, an Enemy. The name Satan means "Adversary." His angels now becameDEMONS .They were a third of all the angels(Rev . 12:4) . But both Satan and hisdemons were cast back down to earth- same verse.As a result of this earth-wide REBELLION against the Government of

God , the earth 's surface came to bein a condition of chaos and confusion.And , very IMPORTANT: Satan is now

disqualified to administer God's government over the earth! BUT it isa principle of God's government thatthe state must never be without ahead . Consequently, Satan must beleft here until his successor has beenqualified and inducted into office!



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How the Bible Has BeenPreserved

Now, to continue this short-shortstory from Creation to Eternity, weturn to Gene sis 1, and notice verse 2."And the earth was without form,nd void ; and darkness was upon theface of the deep."The first five books of the Bible

were writ ten by Moses, in the Hebrewlanguage . Thousand s of copies ofthose original Hebrew wri tings havebeen preserved by the Jewish people(as well as of the whole Bible) , andin Christian times by non-Jewishscholars. The professional Jewishscribes were so meticulously careful incopying, that on proofreading byseveral people , if a single mistake wasdiscovered, the ent ire sheet (o r roll )was discarded and done over untilperfect.These five books, and all the books

of both Old and New Testament, areclaimed by the Bible to be divinelyinspired by God . And when thousandsof copies in the origina l languagesagree, we may be SURE we do havewhat the Bible claims is the pure andSURE "Word of God ."

The Bible, the "world's best seller"year in and year out, has been translated into virtually all languages usedon earth today. In our Engli sh language, we have several translations,done directly from copies of the origi nal. Where there appear to be slightvariations of meaning in the originaltext, we may always consult three orfour, or more, reliable translations andcompare.Then there are the many "commen

taries" by high ranking scholars of theoriginal languages, which in scholarlymanner compare such few variationsof meaning. W e may also consultcopies in the original languages , andcheck the Greek or Hebrew word swith lexicons - Greek -English, orHebrew-English dictionaries. Therealso are a number of multiple-volumeBible dictionaries, and also Bible encyclopedias. The techn ical and scholarly works to help us get to thePLAIN TRUTH May 1972

precise, intended meaning of any andevery par t of the Bible are almostinexhaustible. There are also the concordances, by which one may turn tovirtually every word in the Bible, andlearn in what books and passages thatword is used.

N ot "Tohu" When CreatedNow back to the second verse in the

Bible - Genesis 1:2. The wordstranslated "without form and void,"are tran slated from the Hebrew wordswhich Moses wrote, "tobu and bobu,"They mean "waste and empty," andalso "chaotic and in confusion" (aswell as "without form and void") ,as we may learn from Hebrew-Englishdictionaries.But we already have seen that Goddid not create the earth in a state of

confusion. In Isaiah 45:18 the Hebrewword "tohu" is used. There it says,"He created it NOT 't ohll' " - trans lated "in vain." And in I Corinthians14 :33, it says "God is not the authorof confusion." But the Bible statesthat Satan is!We have seen that the earth, after

its perfect original creation, was populated by angels who sinned . I t wasuniversal sin worldwide. We have seenother examples of how universal sinresults in total destruction of the areaof the sin - in this case, the enti reearth. There is, therefore, the Biblicalevidence that the chaotic and confusedcondition of the earth described inGenesis 1:2 happened AFTER the original perfect creation. We are not toldhow long after. Since angels are immortal spirit beings who never die,there could have been millions ofyears of peace, joy, and happiness onearth , while GODS GOVERNMENTruled with GOD'SWAYS, bef ore Luciferled his angels into rebellion and lawlessness. But of course the Bible makesno statement as to how long .

Renewing Ear th's SurfaceSo now in SIX DAYS God RENEWED

the earth 's surface .In Psalm 104: 30 you will read :

"Thou sendest forth thy spirit, they

are created: and thou RENEWEST theface of the earth ." In that six days,God CREATED animal, plant, andhuman life - and RENEWED the faceor surface of the earth.Return now to the second verse of

Genesis 1. The remainder of thisverse, unquoted above, is: ". . . . darkness was upon the face of the deep.And the Spirit of God moved uponthe face of the waters."Notice, it was dark. It speaks only

of a fluid surface - oceans - no dryland showing. In Psalm 104 :30, weread, "Thou sendest fort h thy Spirit"for the re-creation and renewing ofthe surface of the earth. And here inGenesis 1:2, God has sent for th HisSpirit, moving upon the fluid face ofthe earth.Verse 3: "And God said, Let therebe light : and ther e was light."While we are here considering the

Biblical claims for creation - comparing them with the claims for theevolutionary theory - it is well tonot ice, at this point, the Bible claimsabout the manner by which God issaid to have brought about this creation.In the New Testament, Ephesians

3:9, we find these words: "God, whocreated all things by Jesus Christ."Then notice, beginning in John 1:1 ,

"In the beginning was the Word, andthe Word was with God, and theWord was God ." The English "Word"is translated from the Greek wordLogos. John wrote his Gospel in theGreek .language . Th e Greek Logosmeans "Spokesman," or "the One whospeaks."In the 14th verse it is made clearthat th is "Word" was Christ. Under

the name Logos it is speaking of Christprior to His human birth - as havingexisted ALWAYS, with God the Father.In verse 3: "All things were made byhim ; and without him was not anything made that was made."And, speaking of Christ in Colos

sians 1:16-18 : "For by him were allthings created, that are in heaven, andthat are in earth, visible and invisible,

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whether they be thrones, or dominions,or principalit ies, or powers: all thingswere created by him, and for him: andhe is before all things, and by himall things consist. And he is the headof the body, the church . . . . " .And again, in Hebrews 1 :2, God

"hath in these last days spoken untous by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things [the universe], by whom also he made theworlds . . . ."Christ IS the Spokesman. God

created everything by and throughHim. In Psalm 33:9: "He spake,and it was done." The POWER utilizedby Christ in creating was the powerof the Holy Spirit.I witnessed a close parallel in an

incident that occurred in January1914. I was then on the editorial staffof a national magazine. I was sent tothe Ford Motor plant in Detroit toget the detailed story of the thenfamous $5 per day wage scale inaugurated at the Ford plant. There I sawHenry Ford, the MAKER of the Fordcar. But Mr. Ford and I were standingjust outside the giant door of the mainplant - in a breezeway between theplant and the company office building.He was not clad in overalls, but ina business suit. Inside the factory, Isaw hundreds of workmen in overalls.Ford MADE the Ford cars by these employees, and they used the power ofmachines and electricity. God, theFather of the divine Family, is Creator, but He created all things by JesusChrist, who SPAKE (precisely as HisFather had directed) and the POWERof the Holy Spirit brought it about.Back, now, to Genesis 1 :2. The

Spirit of God was moving on thewaters. In verse 3, He SPOKE "And God said, Let there be light:and there was light." The Fatherordered it, Christ spoke, the Spiritbrought it forth!Satan is the very symbol of DARK

NESS, evil, sin, and ugliness. Thisdarkness was caused by his sin andthat of his angels. But GOD is the verysymbol of LIGHT - of TRUTH - of36

BEAUTY. So on the very first day ofthis "creation week" God changedearth's surface from darkness, ugliness,confusion to LIGHT and BEAUTY! AndGod saw that it was GOOD (verse 4).On the second day (verses 6-8),

God created the present earth 's atmosphere - AIR for plants, animals, andMAN to breathe. Had there existedsuch an atmosphere previously ? Weare not told . But angel life would notrequire it. This atmosphere createdclouds - vaporous water, thus "dividing the waters from the waters" above and below the "firmament" oratmosphere. These clouds provide a"filtered sunshine," as we used to callit in Oregon. Otherwise there wouldbe no RAIN - so necessary for plant,animal and human life.God now was producing what wasneeded for this new kind of PHYSICALLIFE He was about to create.Now, verse 8 : "And God called the

firmament Heaven. And the evening[dark part] and the morning [lightpart] were the second day."

I t is important to mention, here,that the Bible speaks of three heavens:this earth's atmosphere in which birdsand airplanes fly; then the heaven wecall outer space, in which are ourplanets, the sun, and, much fartheraway, the stars ; and, thi rd, the heavenwhere God's Throne is located, fromwhich the entire vast universe is ruled.The Bible does not reveal the locationof this third heaven . There is onepossible hint, in Isaiah 14 :13, indicating tha t it may be in the far, farNORTH from our earth. In II Corinthians 12 :2 is the mention of "thethird heaven."On the third day, God separatedthe seas from the dry land . Dry land

appeared, along with the BEAUTY oftrees, plants, shrubs, grass, and beautiful FLOWERS of all colors and hues.Darkness and ugliness was being replaced with light and glorious BEAUTY,with vegetation and fruit and grainfor FOOD. Man and animals must eatfood , and breathe air. Angels neednot.

God Is Creator of BeautyI cannot emphasize too strongly the

fact tha t God is the author of BEAUTY- of QUALITY - of PERFECTION .Satan is the author of ugliness, inferiority, imperfection, cheapness, destruction.The Bible shows, as we shall see,

that this has become Satan's world.Satan became perverted in all his ways.Under his sway, he has led a deceivedmankind into polluting, contaminating,perverting, ruining, and destroying justabout everything man has got ten hishands on. Today we have polluted theair God gave us to breathe - the seas,lakes and rivers which God originallymade so gloriously BEAUTIFUL, the soilfrom which our food must grow, eventhe food after it is grown throughfood factories . We have built citiesthat are ugly, drab, ill-planned, depressing, overcrowded.But in this six days of RENEWING

the face of the earth, God made itBEAUTIFUL - gloriously BEAUTIFUL !In the words of the oratorio, The

Creation} by Joseph Haydn, I findsome beauti ful descriptive languagegiving us a glimpse of that originalGod-created BEAUTY. Following God'srenewal creation of that third day, wefind these words in the oratorio :With verdure clad the fieldsappear, . . . .The eye with new del ight reJolcmg ;And lovelier still they growAdorned with flowers fair and gay,Here herbs breathe forth theirfragrance sweet,Here shoots the healing balm,

With golden fruit the boughs ladenbend .The vaulted groves give leafyshelter cool;The lofty hills are crowned withforests grand.

And the heavenly hosts proclaimedthe third day, praising God andsaying:Ye harps awake, awake ye lyres,Let your joyful songs resound.Rejoice in the Lord, the mightyGod'H e a v e ~ and earth He hathclothed in splendour, inglorious array.



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Yes, when Go d renewed the faceof the earth, He made it excitinglyBEAUTIFUL!

On the 4th day of that week ofphysical creation and renewing of theface of the earth, the sun and the moonwere caused to shine on the earth.There is adequate reason to believethat this was no t the original creationof the sun and the moon - but, apparently, since the rebellion of Lucifer and the angels, they had been pre-vented from shining on the earth.

The fifth day o f that first week ofMAN'S ear th saw the creation of thepresent species of fish life in the seas,lakes and rivers; fowls on the earthand birds singing in the air - moreBEAUTY produced. I quote a portionof this description from Haydn's oratorio, The Creation:

On mighty pinionsUpward soars the eagle proud.He cleaves the air,And wings in swif tes t flightHi s way to the sun .A morning greetingcarols gay the lark;And loving cooAnd call the tender doves.From every bush and grove t ri ll sforthWith sweetest note the nightingaleher song.An d the angels struck thei rimmortal harpsAnd sang the wonders of thefifth day.How lovely now appear,In freshest g reen arrayed,Th e gentle sloping hills.And welling from their sides,Gush forth in crystal flowTh e sparkling, cooling rills.No w blithely circling play,And flutter in the air,Th e joyous feathered hosts.Their glossy plumage gayA myriad hues displays,When golden the sunlight plays.Swif t flashing through the watersclearTh e fish dart ever to and fro,In restless throngs,From the bed of the ocean deepRises up Leviathan,An d sports on the billow's crest.


No w verse 24: "And God said, Letthe earth br ing for th the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creepingthing, and beast of the earth after hiskind: and it was so. And Go d madethe beast of the earth after his kind,and cattle after their kind, and everyth ing that creepeth upon the earthafter his kind : and Go d saw that itwas good."

And another portion of the description from Haydn's The Creation:

Straight opening her ferti le womb,Th e earth brought forth at God'scommandCreatures of every k ind,All fully grown in countless numbers.Contented, roar ing stands thelion there.Here, supple and lithe, thetiger appears.Raising his antlered head speedsswi ft the stag .All vigor and fire, with flyingmane,Impatient neighs the noble steed.On pastures greenTh e cattle seek the ir food,divided into herds.And o'er the meads, see, scatteredfar and wideTh e fleecy, gentle sheep.Like sandclouds whirling, In

myriads swarming,Rise hosts of insects .In long procession creep the repti leand the worm.No w in full sp lendour shines the

heavens;No w robed in beauty smiles theearth.Th e air is filled with flutter ingcreatures;And shoals of fish the watersare teeming.Th e earth abounds with l ivingthings.And still not all was yet achieved.Th e whole was lacking still thatbeing,That should the works of God

behold,With thankfu l heart His goodnesspraise.And now was to come the crowning

piece of God's handiwork - MAN!" An d G od said, Let us make man in

our image , a fter our likeness . . . . So

Go d created man in his own image,in the image of God created he him :male and female created he them. . . .An d Go d saw every thing that he hadmade, and, behold, it was very good .And the evening and the morningwere the sixth day" (Gen. 1:26-27,31 ) .

And with this first chapter of thefirst book in the Bible - Genesis so ends the renewing of the face of theearth, and the PHYSICAL CREATION forthis present earth.

But many astounding surprises nowawait us.

For that was not the end of God'screative work. No w was to come thefar more important SPIRITUAL creation- still going on today! The creativework recorded in Genesis 1 merelyproduced the physical material withwhich to BEGIN the spiritual creation- far more impor tant than the original creat ion of the angels!

WHY did God create and put mankind on this earth? What is the realPURPOSE of human life? Almost nobody knows! Ye t the Bible reveals itplainly and unmistakably!

Did God create man an ANIMAL? Isman an animal? Expect some surpris es!

Is man an immortal soul?Ho w do you account for the VAST

GULF between the capacities of humanMIND and animal BRAIN, especiallywhen the more intelligent animalbrains are almost identical with humanbrain in size, in weight, and inquality?

Ho w did man come to be AS HE IS- w ith such marvelous intellect, yetutterly incapable of solving his ownproblems? WHY all the mounting andaccelerating EVILS in the world? Ho wdid it all start? Di d God create it tobe that way?

From here on, expect amazing surprises. You will THRILL to the discovery of the MISSING DIMENSION INKNOWLEDGE!

[Continued in a later issue)37


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"if I werePresident..."C

AN any man - or for that matter, any government of men come to grips with and SOLVEthe weighty problems confronting

mankind today?Is it, in fact, humanly possible to

solve today's i lls?The sobering answer is - IT IS NOT.

And it is imperative that we come tounderstand WHY.

Yes, WHY?Any man (or woman) stepping into

an office of rulership over others isimmediately confronted by a set ofconditions and events already Inmotion, which the incoming person isin effect powerless to reverse.

Most governments, especially thoseof the Western world, are todayfounded upon huge bureaucracies.Those who staff these labyrinthianoffices often are not brought in directly by the new head of state . They arenot necessarily bound to follow loyallyhis thinking. A newly elected or appointed leader finds that, besides having to frequently battle against thetide of public opinion to achieve goalshe feels are important, he must oftenstruggle as well against those withinhis own governmental structure.

And, too, there are always thoseof opposing parties or factions thatseek to replace an "opposition" leaderwith one from their own ranks. Thistype of partisanism is the antithesis ofthe dynamic unity within and between38

nations so urgently needed to accomplish rightly desired goals.

President for a DayI t is difficult to go through life

without occasionally getting involvedin a tradi tional "poli tics" debate withfriends, fellow workers or neighbors.No doubt we've all heard - and fromtime to time expressed - the predictable grumbles and gripes about "thosein Washington" or "Whit ehal l" andhow from our vantage poin t they continually seem to be inept in doingtheir jobs. Wait long enough andsomeone will step up and pontificateon "what I'd do if I were President"or "Prime Minister."

But really, what would you do ifyou were President? Where would yougo, to whom would you turn to seekpeace in our time? What steps wouldyou take if suddenly the hideousweight of all the ugly, imponderableproblems faced daily by the heads ofstate around the world were placedon your shoulders? Would YOll havethe answers? Does anyone?

Put yourself for a moment in thesetting described above. Now you'rein command, and the ponderousweight of office is on Yo1l1" shoulders.What's your first move? What road doyou take to force nations to return totheir own borders, content to livepeaceably? What words will you speakto selfish workers, equally selfish business leaders, and selfish consumers to

bring happy agreement and perpetualeconomic peace and unity on thedomestic front? Have you ever thoughtthrough these problems - really?

Or if the setting seems too far offin the future, let's stop and take anhonest, clear-headed look at life as itIS today.

A Mountain of St rif eFor openers, there's the Vietnam

War, the longest war in U. S. history.It has proved to be the most divisiveinfluence upon U. S. society since theCivil War. Many argue that theUnited States had no business In -volving itself in that conflict in thebeginning, while others retort that tohave backed away would have invitedthe spread of Communism throughoutthe entire area.

One thing is certain: This war, likeall wars, has exacted a dreadfu l pricefrom the opposing nations in men andmaterials - and even though the U. S.is "de-escalating" its role, no actualend to the fighting is in sight. Answershave been painstakingly sought, manymethods have been tried in an attemptto bring lasting peace and prosperityto this troubled area.

All have failed.Why?Next, consider the turbulent econ

omy. The mere thought of a devaluation of the once-mighty dollar only afew short years ago would havebrought cries of anguish and indigna-



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Are we missing the reallybig question in thiselection year?by Richard C. Pe terson

tion from pat riotic Americans. N ow,"patriotism" has nothing to do withit. And how about the hydra-headeddilemmas of simmering racial strife,escalating labor-management squabbles, rampaging crime, pollution, andspiraling immorality coupled withbreakdown of the traditional famil ystructure? Government is charged withdealing with these burning issues. Butrigh t solutions still elude man.

I f the World Were onYour Shoulders

Let's take a look at what couldhappen . The place: Wash ington, D. C.The time : the late 1970s. This scenariomight just as well occur in the capitalsof London or Paris , but we will focusin on the White House.Late on a June evening, the

stately white mansion on Pennsyl-vania Avenue was dotted withlights. Outside, a string ofblack l imousines werenudged against the curbof the arching driveway.Inside them , ciga-rettes winked du llyas restless driversstudied wristwatchesand idly passed thetime.

In the WhiteHouse's West Wing,an air of tensionpermeated the Cabi-PLAIN TRUTH May 1972

net Room. Distinguished-looking mentalked around the large oaken table,their glances darting expectantly at aclosely guarded door.

Throats cleared nervously as thedoor suddenly swung open. In strodethe President of the United States,flanked by his two top advisors onforeign affairs. The three men appeared drawn, apprehensive.

The White House had been informed only minutes ear-lier that a new "oilsqueeze" wasimminent inthe Mid-dle

East. The Soviet Un ion was againflexing its muscles, and hot-line contact with the Kremlin had elicitedno concessions. The Soviets, they hadlearned, just don't back down whenthey know they have the upper hand .European leaders, fearful of the consequence, were demanding action.

The harr ied young President, having realized not more than fifteen


42/52

minutes' rest during the precedingtwenty-four hours, resolutely facedthe bleak likelihood that sleep wouldagain escape him tonight. An eleventhhour mediat ion attempt by the LaborDepartment, he was notified, hadfailed. A crippling dock strike scheduled to simultaneously hit both coastswould not be averted . This combinedwith the already three -week-old walkout of railroad engineers which hadvirtual ly shut down all trunkline railtraffic across the country. It was becoming the most perilous threat toeconomic well-being in the history ofthe nation, which had already had todevalue its currency twice.Listening with loosened tie hanging

limply from his open shirt collar, thePresident eyed his Secretary of State asthe older man summarized the fastbreaking events in the Middle East.Russia, now the dominant power in

the Indian Ocean, the Baltic andNorth Seas, had methodically gainedsuch an unshakable foothold in theMediterranean tha t she was now undeniably the kingpin in that area. U. S.influence in the region had dangerously dwindled.

The USSR had put diplomatic pressure on key Arab states to withholdtheir precious oil from "certain nations" until those nations had come toterms with the Soviet Union. And nowthe Kremlin had warned Europeanleaders not to provoke a confrontation by asserting their rights in theMediterranean.Russia's immense naval might from

the Bosporus to Gibraltar had forsome time included submarine bases,many at ports formerly occupied bythe Uni ted States and Great Britain.And Soviet aircraft carriers, unheardof only a few years before, were nowthe center of attention here as well asin the Indian Ocean.European leaders had met and were

calling upon the United States forurgent help . Europe was anxious. Butwhat options were open to the U. S. ?To back off would virtually end U. S.influence in the area, turn Europeanpublic opinion against the U. S., and40

in effect give Russia carte blanche totake over the entire area. But to backEurope against the confident Moscovites could invite a holocaust.

The Secretary of State finished andsat down at the table . All eyes werenow on the President. And not justthe eyes of the ranking officials in thisroom, but the eyes of the whole world.Moving somewhat stiffly to the little

podium in one corner of the historicconference chamber, the wearied ChiefExecutive, only months into his firstterm of office, reflected inwardly fora moment on the "glory days" of hiselection campaign. Talented, charismatic, he had based his run for thePresidency on the pledge of seekingpeace - peace abroad and here athome. He had confidently promisedthe electorate that he would succeedwhere, he charged , his predecessors hadfailed. He had assured the publi c thathe would have the needed answers.He somberly faced the assembled

statesmen and diplomats, weighteddown by the double burden of imminent confrontation with a powerfuladversary that could spell cosmocideand at the same time the pressingdilemma of unyielding internal strifewithin the nation itself. The unnervingfact was stark against the heat of theWashington evening: THERE WAS NOANSWER TO GIVE .

We of Tbe PLAIN TRUTH are nothere to criticize any candidate or political party. We hope that all who seekoffice are well-meaning individuals.But you need to fully understand

the terrible weight of the burden thatfalls on government leaders. In mostof the Western world the leaders areselected by the people, directly or indirectly. And these men and womenare chosen largely on the basis ofvarious promises they have made andanswers they claim to have.

The great tragedy of our time,however, is that the "answers" are notbringing us what the world needs!Where, in six thousand years of human history, have there been men whocould lead mankind to peace, hap-

(Yext continues on page 43)

If Elected,I F ELECTED , I PROMISE . . .Just before leaving office, formerPresident Harry Truman made anastute comment on presidential authority. "Poor Ike, it won't be a bit likethe Army. He' ll sit there and he'l l say,'Do this! Do that !' and nothing willhappen. He' ll find it very frustrating."Put simply, presidential power is

not divine fiat to turn promises intoreality.

While serving their country, thegreat and the near-great Presidentshave had at least one distinguishingquality in common - inability to keepcampaign promises. And if these menof greatness have, in part, failed ,how much more would men and / orHarry S. Truman Robert Cohen - Block Stor

Dwight D. EisenhowerWerner Wolfe - Black Star

John F. KennedyShe' Hershon - Black Star


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PROMISE ...

Herbert HooverUPI

41

*DWIGHT EISENHOWER "crusaded" asa candidate in 1952 to mobilize thebest brains of America, to surroundhimself with potentially great statesmen for a dynamic America. No t onlydid political pressure for politicalnepotism greatly hinder his freedomof choice, but many of the "greatbrains" were unwil ling to leave thei rtraditional niches, aloof from politics.He was unable to surround himselfwith the caliber of men he desired."It is one promise he did not evencome close to keeping, even on hisown terms" (Am erican Presidency,Clinton Rossiter) .*JOHN KENNEDY as a candidate declared, "Rebuilding our prestige mustbe the primary concern of our nextpresident." Yet the Bay of Pigs invasion was one of the worst fiascos inAmerican history. In Latin America,resentment mounted. Worldwide theU.S. lost prestige.*LYNDON JOHNSON, in seeking reelection in 1964, conveyed a "sense ofrestraint" to the voters on Vietnam.Th e President said, "W e have lost lessthan 200 men . . . . W e think it isbetter to lose 200 than 200,000. Fo rthat reason we tried very carefullyto restrain ourselves and not to enlarge the war." Yet, dur ing his nextterm, because of growing Red pres sure, t roop s treng th peaked to over500,000 men an d the death tolljumped into the tens of thousands.When a man becomes President,conditions and circumstances of officeinevitably take on a different complexion than they had when he wasjust a candidate stand ing out onPennsylvan ia Avenue .One thing is clear . Presidents,

pome ministers, chancellors - allworld leaders - are mortal men .

Lyndon B. JohnsonClayton Price - Block Star

was suddenly caught in a terrible stockmarket crash and depression.*FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT, in runn ingfor President against Hoover, in 1932,promised a balanced budget and anend to extravagant spending. He wasunable to achieve either. "He [FDRJtossed out the window his pledges tobalance the budget and cut down onspending" (D emocrats vs. Repltbli -cam, by Thomas Bailey) . Wh y? T herealization that circumstances al tercases. "He [ FDRJ decided that balancing the 'human budge t' was more important than balancing the- financialbudget" (ibid) .*HARRY TRUMAN campaigned on aplatform that promised to maintain"those sound fiscal policies whichunder Democratic leadership havebrought about a balanced budget."However, simply imply ing a balancedbudget for the next four years did notmean the budget would be balanced.In fact, due to his decision to involvethe Un ited States in the Communistinspired Korean conflict, the next fourfiscal years' deficit totaled over $20billion. Yet, Mr. Truman tried as hardas any recent Pres ident to balance thebudget.

Frankl in D. RooseveltWide World

women of lesser abil ity have failed?Look at the record:*HERBERT HOOVER ran on a pla tformin 1928 that promised prosperity."The record of the present administration [Coolidge] is a guarantee of whatmay be expected of the next. Ou rwords have been made deeds . W e offernot promises, but accomplishments."Hoover's "chicken in every pot" tragically turn ed to "crow" with the crashof the stock market and the resultingdepression. Through no fault of hisown, he was unable to deliver pros peri ty as promised - for the world


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..Seeking to SolveWorld's Problems

crats to further his aspira tions byforming a thi rd-par ty ticket. Popularwith many blue-collar workers, segregationists, and middle-class Americans ,Wallace is remembered for his staunchopposition to many of the recent liberal Supreme Cour t rul ings.

And, looking on, is perhaps themost famous Democrat of them all,Senator Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts. Popu lar among party officialsand voters alike, Kennedy nevertheless appea rs to feel the time is notright for another member of his fami lyto seek the W hite House. Wi th bothhumor and candor Kennedy commented to a Los Ange les ConventionCenter gather ing in February tha t hewished he were "speaking to anothergroup of Democrats in another conventio n center in another city in an-

(Credits above : left to,i ghfJ George -Pla;n Truth;Geo rge - Plain Truth;Conn - Plain Truth ;

Wide World

(Righ t : le ft to r igh t )Claus Meyer - BlockSta r; Kilburn -Plain Truth;Dennis Brack -Block Star

Above , le ft to right:Hubert H. Humphrey . Edmu nd S.Muskie , Richa rd M.Nixon and Geo rgeMcGove rn.Right. left to right:Geo r g e W a llac e ,Shi r le y Ch ishol ma nd Henry Jackso n.

Senator Henry Jackson of Washington,Representative Shirley Chisholm ofNew York, fo rmer Senator EugeneMcCarthy of Minnesota, and Los Angeles' Mayor Sam Yorty. Some, lackingcampaign funds, left the race.

A Democratic "break-away" threatis Governor Geo rge Wa llace of Alabama. T hough he has come on strongin early primaries, some experts sti llsee the unpredictable Wallace eventually spl it ting off from the Demo-

On Stage - the ChallengersHere, then, are the men in the

Uni ted States who believe they havethe anstoers to the deep and pervasiveproblems facing mankind today.

Several hope fu l Democrats appearto be gaining momentum as conven tion time in Miami draws near. Senators Hubert H . Humphrey of Minnesota and George S. McGovern of.South Dakota have both scored wellin primaries, McGovern having wonthe pivotal early Apri l batt le in Wisconsin . Both men are established poli ticians, Humphrey having served asVice-President in the Johnson admin istration.

Th e campaign of Edmund S. Muskie, considered the early front-runner,has been jolted by several setbacks inthe primaries. But the senator fromMaine is still a force to be reckonedwith.

Others in the picture, g iven fromthe beginning only an outside chanceof bypassing the leaders, have included42

B EN EATH the surface of the politicalcommotion lies a bubbling caldronof seet hing issues. The war in Vietnam has deeply scarred the American spir

Documents

Plain Truth 1972 (Prelim No 04) May_w