Plain Truth 1970 (Prelim No 02) Feb_w

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~ ~ o u r R E A D E R S S A Y

Evolution"As a ver tebrate paleontologist spe

cializing in the Mesozoic, I was curious as to the consensus of agreementamong paleon tolog ists about the 'day ofext inction' of the dinosaurians in yourJanuary, 1970, issue of The PLAINTRUTH . Could you please send me a[Continued 01 / page 47)

"Your article entitled 'Personal f romthe Editor' certainly emphasizes the comment I once heard Jimmy Utt, of theU. S. House of Representatives, state :'Don't worry about your reputation,that's only what other people think ofyou. Worry about your character , because that's what you really are.' ''

Gerald E. S.,Anaheim, Californ ia

Personal from the Editor"I must tell you how much I enjoyed

this month's issue of 'Personal f romthe Ed itor,' January Issue, about whythe great minds of the world cannot solve the most important problems.

agree completely with your wholearticle. I am anx ious to read your newbooklet on it when it comes out."

Mrs. Bonnie L. W. ,Tahoe Paradise, Calif.

NO ,2February. 1970

VOL. XXXV

MANAGING EDITORAr thur A, Ferdig

EXECUTIVE EDITORGarner Ted Armstrong

Circulation: 2,136,000 CopiesPublished monthly at 300 '' 'est Green St. ,Pasadena, Ca lifornia, 9 1105 ; Radlett , England;and North Sydney. Australia. by AmbassadorCo llege. French edition published monthly atPasadena , California; D utch and German edi-tions at Rad lett, England; Spanish ed ition atBig Sandy. Texas. ' 197 0 Ambassado r College .All rights reserved.

SENIOR EDITORSHerman L. HoehRoderick C. Meredith

ED ITORH ERBERT W . ARMSTRONG

Associate Editors\Xf illiam Dankenbring Gene H , HogbergVern L. Farrow Paul \Xf. KrollDavid Jon Hill Eugene M . Walter

~~ l A ~ N l ~ i j j l ~a ma g az i n e o f un d e r s t an d i n g

Regional Editors: U, K.: Raymond F. McNair;Aust .: C. '' 'ayne Cole; S. Africa: Robert E.Fahey; Germany: Frank Schnee; Philippines:Arthur Docken; Swi tze rland : Colin '' 'ilkins;Latin America: Enrique Ruiz.Contributing Editors: Gary 1. Alexander, D ibarK, Apartinn, Ro bert C. Borakcr, Charles V.Dorothy. Jack R. Elliott , Gunar Freibergs, Robert E, Genter , Ernes t L. Martin, Gerhard 0 ,Marx. I.. Leroy Nell, Richard F. PI ache, Richard H . Sedl iacik . Lynn E. Torrance. BasilWo lverton, Clin t C. Zimmerman,James ', \1. Robinson, Cop), Ed itorResearcb ShllJ: Dexter H. Faulkner, Donald D.Schroeder. Coordinators: Karl Karlov, PaulO .Knedel, David Price. Rodney A. Repp, CharlesP. Vorhes, W. R. Wh ikehart.Pbotography: Norman A. Smith, Director;Joseph Clay ton, Assistant D irector: Lyle Chris-topherson . Howard A. Clark , Frank Clarke.David Conn. Jerr} J. Gentry. Ian Henderson .John G, Ki lburn , Sa lam 1. Maidani,Art Drpartment: Te rry \X arren, Direct or; TedHerlofson , Assist.un D irecto r; Donal d R. Faast,Thomas Haworth. Roy Lcpeska , 'Villiam S.Schuler, John Susco, Herbert A. Vierra. [r.,Andrew C. Vot h, Peter Whitting. MonteWo lverton.

Albert J, Portune, B I IJi ll eJ! tl 1",,,,gerCirculat i on M " II


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OUR COVER

Personal from the Edito r . . . .

23Europe's Chant

Grows Louder

Photos : H. Armstrong Roberts, Amba ssado rCollege, Koshollek - Milwaukee Journal

Ou r life-sustaining EARTH is introuble. Pollution is r eachi ng ep idemi c proportions - disrupting thedelicate ecologica l bal ance of land,a ir and wa ter, and th reate ning thevery existence of life on this planet.

Advan ce New s ReportsCome Alive Today 48

Evolution . . . MysteriousNe w Religio n! 43

Radio Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

In This Issue:

Ambassador 's AnswerTo Mind Pollution 17

Food A d d i t i v e s -Are They Really Safe? 29

W hat You Sh ould Kno wAb out Children's Toy s 3 7

TV Log 40

What our ReadersSay . . . . . . . Inside Fron t Cove r

" Ac t No w on Pollution -Don' t Just Talk" 3

New militan t movements sprang up,fill ing the earth with race hatreds, riots,violence. The 60's brought the hippiesand a rebellion against society thatis spreading like wildfire. Morals, underthe catchphrase "the N ew Morality,"have hit a toboggan-slide into the cesspool. Campus revolt has escalated intoviolence on hundreds of campuses inmore than twenty nations. The marriageinstitution is th reatened, family life isbeing broken up at a constantly increasing rate. The divorce rate has risen toalarming proportions. Crime increasesmore rapidly each year. So do mentalcases. Humanity, at ever-increasing momentum - is rapidly degeneratingmorally, mentally, spiritually.

And there has been the nightmare ofan en tire decade of Vietnam WAR!

Th e trend toward the decline anddisintegration of modern civilizationaccelerates as we enter the decade ofthe 70's !

But a heedless world refuses to lookto the warning signals.N otwithstanding, whil e the world

was doubling its problems and troublesin this decade, Th e PLAIN TRUTH wasmultiplying its resources and powers forgood TEN TIMES in ten years.

In Janu ary, 1960, the circulation ofTh e PLAIN TRUTH was about 210,000copies. Today it is more than 2,100,000copies - - more than TEN TIMES the circulation ten years ago.

The PLAIN TRUTH was a 32-pagetwo-color magazine in January, 1960 .Th at meant picture s were black andwhite, except for an extra color backgroun d for some of them. Today it is a52-page FULL-color magazine of superbquality .Ten years ago, there were only f 0 1l1'

name s listed on its staff. Th ey weremine , as Editor, Garner Ted Armstrongas Executive Editor, Herman 1. Hoeh asManaging Editor, and Roderick C. Meredit h as Associate Editor . Although

(Continued on page 41)

THE 70 's - Decade ofUtopia?What a decade we have come

through! More important , we ask,WHAT KIND of decade are we nowentering ?Th ings will happen the world little

suspects. You would never have expected, in your wild est dreams ten yearsago, what actually has happened since1960 ! Little do you realize what nextwill happen !Would you have expected, in 1960,

that the total fund of the world'sknowledge would have DOUBLED withinten short years? It did ! Particularly inthe field s of science, technology, medi cine, has kn owledge increased enormously. But the world's TROUBLES alsodoubled in th at decade!

The nation al commitment of President Kennedy to land men on the moonand bring them safely back to earth before the decade's end, fantastic and impossible though it seeme d, actually wasaccomplished! Th e development andimprovement of the computer duringthe decade was almost beyond belief.But troubles escalated also, and with

increasing momentum. The populationexplosion now looms as a frigh teningnightmare - now threatening the verysurvival of humanity. I f othe r modernmeans of mass destruction do not blastall human life off this planet sooner ,authorities say the popul ation explosionwill put an end to civilization in the nottoo-distant fu ture. Unl ess, th at is, something happens to prevent it.Th e 60's brought the evils of POLLU

TION to a major th reat. Pollution of theair - pollution of our water in streams,lakes, and even the seas - pollution ofearth's soil - even th e ris ing pollutionof garbage and waste envisions a futureof humanity wading knee-deep in garbage while we watch astronauts going toand from the moon, Mars and Venus.


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ltCTNOWon Pollution ...d o n ~ t just talk"

Will this be man's last decade? Frightened scientists franklywarn of the possible death of the planet Earth throughpollution. Action must be taken by an INFORMED andCONCERNED public NOWl

P LANET Earth is sick. Very sick.Th e symptoms of this planetary disease are all around us-in our air, our water and our foo d.Some scientists say the disease may

have already progressed too far.Others warn that eithe r mankind

effects an immediate tota l about-face inthis new decade of the Sevent ies or theend of life is a certa inty .

Gl obal ConcernSo massive is the problem of environ

mental contamination, that the UnitedNations General Assembly has movedto organize a worldwide assault on pollution. A U .N .-sponsored internationalconference on the mushrooming globalpollution crisis is scheduled to convenein Stockholm, Sweden, in Jun e 1972.In the United States, President Rich

ard Nixon signed a bill on January 1creating a Coun cil on Envi ronmentalQuality.

"I t is literally now or never" in combat ing pollution, said the President at

Ambassador College Photo

the signing, his first official act of 1970." I have become convinced that the1970's absolutely must be the yearswhen America pays its debt to the pastby reclaiming the purity of its air, itswaters and living environment."Later, in his State of the Un ion

message, President Nixon promised" the most comprehensive and costly"pollution-control program in U. S.history.

Urgent UNESCO Me et in gOne of the most important meetings

to date on the pollution crisis was heldin San Francisco in late November,1969. But how many heard of it ?Entitled "Man and His Environment:

A View Toward Survival," it wassponsored by the United States 1 ationalCommission for UNESCO (UnitedN ations Educational, Scienti fic and Cultural Organization) .

The San Francisco conference was arranged as a prelude to the importantU .N .-sponsored 1972 Stockholm assembly.

More than 60 outstanding authoritieson every phase of pollution - air andwater pollution, indus trial wastes, oilspillage, solid waste disposal, food contamination - provided the nucleus ofthe conference. The sessions were attended by over five hundred concerneddelegates.What were these men concernedabout? Hear the words of UNESCOChairman Alvin C. Eurich. He described the meeting as "the beginningof a concerted attack on the awesomeproblems of simply keeping alive onthis planet."Ripp ling through the corr ido rs was

the theme: Act ! Do something now don't just talk about pollution. Thistheme was expre ssed over and overagain at San Francisco. Too much talkwith no action only results in anotherform of pollut ion - word pollution.As Chairman Eurich said in his open ingremarks at the first session : "There hasbeen more verbage about garbage inthe last few years than in all history."But meanwhile, garbage and pollu

tion in general continues to mount.Human Survival at Stake

A large poster on display in the lobbyof the St. Francis Hotel, site of the conference, stated in no uncer tain terms


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4the gravity of subjects being discussed:"Civilization faces a crisis . . . the

question is whether man can live together in the numbe rs that make culturepossible, without destroying the condi tions of his existence. With the verySURVIVAL of the species at stake, nothing is more important than to movequickly from thought to action. . . ."As a tragic exampl e of man'sthoughtlessness, the other side of theposter carried a huge picture of a birdwith this cap tion in bold letters:"T HE BROWN PELICAN IS DYING.""At most, five young pelicans hatched

this year out of 1200 nests in California ."A ll other eggs broke before hatch

ing, with DDT concentrations of up to2500 parts per million in the thinnestshelled eggs."The Brown Pelican will undoubtedly disappear as a breeding bird in California."No one wants the Brown Pelican to

perish."He does not pollute."He does not slaughter other species."He does not gather together in num-

bers that nature cannot support."He is a victim of man - and a

warning, that man himsel f may perish,by his own ignorance."The plight of the Brown Pelican is a

danger signal that something is drastically wrong on the Earth !W hy Such Massive Pollution ?Why has man rather suddenly

within the last decade - found himselfin this environmen tal predicament?Who or what is at fault ?During the UNESCO conference,

Roger Revelle of the Harvard Centerfor Population Studies gave the answer.He said, "Much of our environmentaldeteriorat ion is the direct or ind irect result of advances in technology."Before the modern era of advanced

technology, "Spaceship Earth" seemedto be able to absorb man's insults even after some terribl e abuse. But now,man has acquired such additional capacity to tamper with his environment thathe threatens to destroy it.Reported biologist Dr. Barry Com

moner : "With trag ic perver sity we have

linked much of our productive economyto precisely those features of technologywhich are ecologically destructive."What are some of these features of

technology which severely strain thefinely tuned ecological balance of ourglobe?To name but a few : The internal

combustion engine, synthetic pesticides,inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, plastics,man-made radio-isotopes.Twentieth-century man has com

mitted himself to a world of increasing

Alma,y - UNESCO Phototechnology more automobiles, moreelectrical power, more gadgetry, morefood from depleted soil.Along with this, modern man has

made a tragic assumpti on. He has felt ithis destiny to manipulate, control , andwhere he has deemed necessary, drastically alter his environment; to exploitnature and the earth 's abundant riches,rather than to live in harmony with thelaws that govern the intricate ecologicalbalance of our globe .The modern materialistic way of life


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Launois - Block Star

II I the Western world, as a result, hasbeen achieved only at a tremendous costto the environment.Reported Dr. Commoner:"Our technology is enormously suc

cessful in producing material goods, buttoo often is disastrously incompatiblewith the natura l environmental systems

AIR POLLUTION IS AN INTER-NATIONAL PROBLEM: Far left,a chemical factory in Colombiaspews fo rth pollutants into theair. Above photo shows a ir po llution prob lem in a high ly industrialized section of Tokyo, Ja pa n.Left, a dai sy spo tt ed with ra inand industria l gr ime from the ai rin New York.

that suppo rt not only human life, buttechnology itself."Commoner stated that mankindand the United States in particular

has embarked on a "suicidal course"and our ability to recover becomesharder and harder with each passingyear. He suggested that President Nixonshould declare a state of national emergency and reassess national priorities inorder to solve our "grim" ecologicalproblems.In a panel session someone in the au

dience asked Dr. Commoner, "Howlong do we have?"

5The biologist replied that in 1956 he

"would not have had the nerve" to raisethe elementary "question of survival."Now, however, he contende d thatunless we decide to act decisively in thisdecade, "we have had it."

Massive Changes NecessaryPresiden t Nixon's own Science Ad

viser, Dr. Lee DuBridge, keynoted theopening session of the UNESCO conference. His words, too, were grave :

"I t is our whole planet that is in danger of deterioration. . . ."Surely mankind has reached a turn

ing point in history. He must do something now - to reverse the deteriorating environmental trends - else ourchildren and grandchildren will find theearth quite uninhabitable, and it willeven be increasingly more unpleasantand unhealthy for us."Dr. DuBridge, for some unknownreason, did not read before the assembled delegates the conclusion of hisprinted text, which was released aheadof time to the press. The final unspokenparagraph packed a wallop. I t read:"The problem [o f pollution] is a hugeone. It involves nothing less thanchanging the habits of bill ions ofpeople and the adoption of wholly newattitudes and very expensive new technologies by our whole worldwide industrial system."Those words bear some reflection.Changing the habits of billions of

people - virtually the entire earth'spopulat ion2Wholly new attitudes of people

toward what constitutes progress Inhuman activity?Very expensive new technologies by

our whole worldwide industrial system?How?The gigantic task of effecting suchwholesale economic, social and political

changes on a worldwide basis - andwithin the crucial ten years of the Seventies - graphically illustrates theenormity of the global pollution crisis.

Information GapIn forming the public of the gravity

of the pollution crisis is no easy task- even with the current, nearly foolish, excitement over the topic.Said James Day, President of National


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" I l ik e to use the analogy of themi n ers. They used to ta kecana ries, they still do, down inth e mines w ith them . The canarytopples off the perch, 'Look outman, let's go. ' That's what thebrown pelican is te lling us andthe osprey and the eagle : 'Look,you're abou t to be k i l led . Let' sdo something ab out i t : "

Educational Television : "H ow curiousit is that we are unable to attract attention to the death of our planet . Thesudden death of an individual makes thefront page of the newspaper, but theslow imminent death of us all goes unreported. Perhaps this is because we cancomp rehend the manner of the death ofone of us, but we cannot comprehendthe apocalyptic death of us all. This isbeyond comprehension ."

Wolf von Eckardt, ArchitectureCritic for the W elsh illgtoll Post, toldmembers of his own profession tha t thepress must search for better ways to inform its readers about envi ronmentaldisasters before they happen.America's newspapers, he said, arejust as complacent today about the environment as they were about worseningghetto conditions in the days before racial tensions expl oded in violent upheavals of hate. And for similar reasons.

"\X'e are half ignorant and halfindifferent," he said. "We half believe,for instance, that the SST (supersonictransport) is essential to America's prestige. Or that cleaning up the Potomac istoo expens ive. The people who tell us

Arthur Godfrey atUNESCO conference

"We're running ou t of air; we 'r erunninq out of wa ter; we 'r e run -ning ou t of land . You see, al lou r technology can' t produce onesqua re inch of soil o r one d ropof wa ter ."

these things are, after all, such nice andseemingly sincere guys.

"Worse: \X'e treat the environmentnot as an ecological, interrelated wholebut in a fragmented fashion . We reporta new housing project here and a transportation crisis there. We rarely, if ever,point out that the housing pro ject in thewrong place wi ll make the transportation crisis worse. N ews affectingthe environment is organized accordingto its source, but not in terms of its impact on our place to live."

Mr. von Eckardt then went on to explain how his newspaper is workinghard to bridge the environment newsgap. The Post is considering the establishment of an "Environment Team"to intensively report on all mattersaffecting the quality of life in theWashington, D .C. area.

But despite such an occasional goodexample, the news media still haven'tgotten the message fully .

This was il lustrated by events at theSan Francisco conference itself. It wasnoted that representatives of major newsservices had to divide their time be-

Amha ssador Colleg e Photos" I was called to Wa shington toaddress the Ways and MeansCommittee in Congress. For wha t?To ge t the Congressmen to comein and learn t he fac ts about thatwater pollu tion b il l. Now I thinkthat is a sad commentary . . .Those guys shouldn't need aukule le playe r to come and getthem toge the r. . . . But that' s theway we are in th is coun try."

tween covering news of the conference- which dealt with the impendingdeath of earth! - and the incident onAlcatraz where a band of Indian protestors had taken over the former prisonfortress.

The whole critical issue of informingthe publ ic was scored by a representativeof the League of Women Voters of theUnited States, who said :

"To mobilize people power we needto accept the challenge of providing thepublic with an environmental education.In the field of environmental concernthere has always been, and continues tobe, a compelling need to communicateclearly, continuously, and candidly . . ."We have a growing supply of investiga tors . But there is a shortage ofreadable and responsible interpreters those who can effectively play themediator between specialist and uninformed laymen . . . Vita l public supportfor envi ronmental management can beenhanced by a combination of bringingthe ideas of the experts down to thelevel of the cit izen's grasp. . . ."

The staffs of The PLAIN TRUTHmagazine and The W ORLD TOMORROW


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February , 1970radio and television p rogram are dedicated to filling th is need of mediatorbetween the experts and the pub lic.

Air: Don't BreatheToo Deeply

"Look at that earth! - isn't it abeautiful jewel? T here's just no placelike that in the universe."Arthur Godfrey was holding up aspecial handkerchief with a picture ofthe earth printed on it taken from aphoto by the Apollo 10 astronauts. Thewell-known entertainer, who is devotinghis life to fighting environmental pollution, was speak ing at a press conferenceduring the UNESCO meeting .He related how the Apollo 10 crew

members made an interesting observation on the ir historic round-trip missionto the moon in December, 1968 . Theynoticed it was easy to spot Los Angelesfrom hundreds of miles out in space.How? By observing the large blanket

of smog hovering over the SouthernCalifornia metropolis.In some Los Angeles school play

grounds, one can read a sign such asthis : "Warn ing ! Do not exercise strenuously or breathe too deeply duringheavy smog condi tions."School children in Tokyo sometimes

have to wear masks on heavily smoggydays. Traffic police in certain areas ofthe Japanese cap ita l must take periodic"oxygen breaks" to keep from beingoverwhelmed by noxious exhaus t fumes.Today , the earth's atmosphere - a

thin layer proporti onately not thickerthan a veneer of lacquer on a 12-inchschool globe - is being severelyaffected by the abuses of our moderntechnological age.Layers of polluti on - larg ely theproduct of high -flying commercial jets

- can be found as high as 43,000feet. Pilots have discovered pollutionhigh over the middle of the oceansand the north polar region.There is no such thing as "pure,

country-fresh air" - if it were to beclinically analyzed according to amountsof particulate matter - anywhere in theUnited States, not even over the "wideopen spaces" of America's West. Pollution belched into the atmosphere from

The PLAIN TRUTHour industrialized megalopolises is dispersed far and wide, in all directions.Hundreds of milli ons of tons of air

pollutants are spewed into the atmosphere around the world (over 142 million tons yearly in the U. S.) . And theair pollution you can't see is the worstof it. Between 85 and 90% of air pollution consists of largely invisible, yet potentially deadly, gases.In the Un ited States, the motor ve

hicle is responsible for over 60% of thenation's air polluti on. Rough ly 30% isatt ributable to industry, sp lit nearlyequally between manufactur ing andelectric power generation.Automotive engines emit hydrocar

bons and nitrogen oxides into the air.Coal, oil and gas combustion, mainlyfrom indu stri al sources, adds sulphurdioxide.Rarely is one form of polluti on anend unt o itself. For example, automobiles add to water pollution as well as toair polluti on.

The modern high compression automotive engine operates at higher temperatures than older models. Because ofthis, it emits greater amounts of nitrogen oxides. In the air, nit rogen oxidesare readily converted to nitr ates. Theseare brought back down to the earth byrain and snow. When the nit rates entersurface waters they act the same way asnitrates released by inorganic nitrogenfertili zer, which is an important contributor to water pollution.Thus , the emergence of a new tech

nology - the modern gasol ine engine- is itself responsible for much of thesmog problem and for an appreciablepart of the pollution of surface waterswith nitrate.

The fine fabric of physical, chemicaland biological connections in the environment is a delicate one . "Tear into itin one place," asserts Dr. Commoner,"and the fabric begins to unr avel,"spreading chaos from the air to the soil,to the rivers, bays and even oceans. (Reliable reports now indicate that evenarctic glaciers contain lead, depositedthere by wind currents which have carried it from urban auto traffic.)Wh at about all the talk of "new

gasolines" or sophisticated smog-controldevices? Wi ll they really work in the

7long run? Answers Dr. John T. Middleton, commissioner, N ational Air Pollu tion Control Administrati on :"Control of emissions from cars at

present is only a 'holding action .' In1980 we can expect the level of pollution from automobiles to rise . We arepushing the internal combustion engineto its technical limits."Th e President of the Society of Automotive Engineers, P. S. Myers, adds :"While there is some disagreement as tothe exact time it will occur, there is universal agreement that at some time inthe future the grow th of the automobilepopulation will exceed the effect ofpresent and proposed controls."Scientists know further, that the earth

is accumulati ng an overburden of carbon dioxide. More CO 2 is being released, due to the burning of so-calledfossil fuels , than can be assimilated bygreen plants, wh ich release life-givingoxygen in return.Across the United States alone,

oxygen-producing fields, forests, grassand farming lands are being gobbled upby highways, shopping centers and urbansubdivisions at a rate of 3,000 acres aday - or over one million acres a year!Exactly wha t th is growi ng imbalance

is doing, atmospheric scientists are notyet prepared to say.But projections for the future do indicate more people, driving more cars,consuming more electrical power andmanufactured goods - all adding toour overtaxed atmosphere.

Water: Purity Sold Outto Progress

"I remember when the first factorywas built on the Saddle River in NewJersey not far from where I went toschool in Hasbrouck Heights."Arthur Godfrey was spinn ing a taleabout his childhood days."We couldn't swim or fish in the

river after that because it had becomepolluted with the factory wastes."He and his boyhood pals com

plained . . . but not their parents. "Besides," he said, "lots of people got jobsin that factory. Saddle River Townshipwas growing ! This was progress."Yes, it was just about that time that

the myth was establi shed : Prosperity


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... Herron - Blac:k Stor

by pollutanand pape

8means progress means people - themore people, the more progress - themore prosperity. Too late we have seenthat it also means more pollution , morefilth, more death. .

"Little by little, I remember," continued the famed radio-TV personality atthe UNESCO conference, "the sameth ing happ ened to the Passaic River andthe Hackensack and Berry's Creek. Ofcourse, the Hudson had long since beenruined, even before Henry Fulton'stime."That's the way it all happened, I

think. Nobody ever noticed except thekids and the folks downstream - whothemselves sooner or later sold out toprogress and joined the growing economy."

It is a dismal fact that most industrially advanced nations have seriouslycontaminated and despoiled almosteveryone of their major water sources.

Potent industrial acids and chemicals,and ruinous mineral wastes "uglify"once pr istine pure rivers and streams.Agricultural pesticides poison and

kill mill ions of fish and other forms ofaquatic life.

N itrogen fertilizer runoff from farmlands - emerging as possibly the Number One water pollution villain - overfertilize and thereby depri ve streams,rivers, and lakes of dissolved oxygen.Phosphates, released from municipalsewage treatment plants add to streamand lake eutrophication .

Animal wastes from feedlots in urbanareas - in some cases so ladened withchemicals that they will hardly decompose - represent another serious formof water pollut ion. In rural areas, animal wastes enter the soil as part of anatural cycle. In cit ies, manure fromfeedlots becomes just ano ther polluti onheadache.

In many cases the load of filth andpoisons have long ago overwhelmed thenatural ability of rivers to puri fy themselves. Some watercourses - offici allydesignated by the U. S. Inte rior Departmen t as "in dustrial rivers" - are dead,serving no more value than that of openindustrial sewers. The Cuyahoga River,which oozes its way th rough Clevelandto Lake Erie is so oil slicked and refusepolluted that it has even caught fire.H has earned the dubious title of "the

only body of water ever classified as afire hazard."

Major U . S. lakes are on their wayout. Lake Erie is considered at least halfdead because of eutrophication and industrial pollution . Lake Michigan isgoing through a similar man-inducedaging process. Even Lake Superior isthreatened with increasing accumulations of pollutants.

Lake Baikal in remote Siberia, thelargest fresh-water lake in the world ,

IS becoming contaminateddischarged from pulpmaking plants.

Thermal pollution from huge steaor nuclear-powered electric gene ratinplant s is adding another disastrous dmension to the water pollut ion crisis.has been estimated that by the ye2000, about 80% of the fresh watsupply of the U. S. will be cyclth rough cooling systems of electric geerating plants, heating downstrea


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Ambassador Co llege Photos

The Oceans: The FinalGarbage Dump

"The end of the ocean came late inthe summer of 1979. It came even morerapidly than the biologists had expected."So began Stanford University biologist Pau l Ehrli ch's recent fictional

but all-tao-real - article, "Eco-catastrophe."

Our oceans and seas - vital links inearth's lifegiving cycles - may indeedsoon see the day of their "death." Already, the oceans serve as internationalgarbage cans for the industria l effluentsof rivers, the oil of tankers, the pesticides and fertilizers carried by bothwind s and surface waters .

water severa l degrees. And nuclearpower plants generate 40 to 50% mo rewaste heat than conventional plants.U. S. Secretary of the Interior Walter

J. Hickel has estimated it will cost atleast 15 billion dollars over the next tenyears to clean up America's pollutedlakes and streams. Other cost estimatesrun considerably h igher.Secretary Hickel adm its the problem

is a d ifficult one, poli tically. ShouldFederal anti-poll uition funds for anyone year be concentrated on certaincrisis areas - or scattered across thecountry, perh aps a politically safercourse?Then there is the ponderous task of

coordinating mun icipal, state and Fed eral efforts. Pollu tion doesn 't stop atthe city limits or the state line.

Industry Brings lithe BetterLife" - This is becoming morequestionable as water sourceseverywhere increasingly take onthese appearances. Far left,ugly conglomeration of po llutants at a ba rge port; above,polluted effluence in England 'sRiver Calde r; left, sign in SopeCreek, Geo rgia wa rns of co ntaminated wa ter. Nea rly eve ryna tural re so urce is a ffe cte d bypo llution blig ht .

9If the oceans and seas die, all human

ity perishes with them.Oxygen From Ou r Oceans

Th e United States, according to oneauthority, is already using 40% moreoxygen that it produces. That 40%deficit must be supplied by productionof oxygen in our oceans as well as intropica l land areas - and brough t in byatmospheric circulation.

Nations such as Canada and theSoviet Uni on rely on imported oxygenover a large part of the year, af terphotosynthesis stops with the beginningof autumn.Much of the earth's oxygen supply is

produced by the phytoplankton of thesea, and then circulated over land areas.Although no one knows the exactamount, it is variously est imated tha t50 to 70% of the oxygen of the worldis produced by these phytoplankton.Man by his massive technological In -

trusions is already thr eatening the ecological balance which sustains him . I fenough of th ese marine diat oms or theorganisms they depend on for fixed ni trogen are ann ihilated, we could startrunning out of precious oxygen. Th ereality of such a catastrophe is no fable.For examp le, th ree years ago the

120,000-ton tanker, To rrey Canyon,broke up off the coast of Britain. Itshoard of crude oil polluted vaststretches of water and beach. The Torrey Canyon carried enough crude oil,when converted to gasoline or petrol, tokeep 54,400 cars running for one yearof normal use.Dr. LaMon t C. Cole, widely known

ecologist asked, " If the Torrey Canyonhad been carrying a concentrated herbicide instead of petroleum, could photosynthesis in the N orth Sea have beenstopped? Berkn er [th e late professorLloyd Berkner] considered that a veryfew such disasters occur ring closeenough together in time migh t cause theULTIMATE DISASTER ."Cri tical oxygen-producing d iatoms

are easily upset by man's pollutinghand . A United States Fish and Wildlife Service scientist found tha t even aslight trace of oil on the water keepsone particular d iatom , N itzcbin, fromgrowing. Scient ists simpl y have littleknowledge on the disastrous long-term


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Ambouodor Colle ge PhotosMountains of Garbage - left, wastedumped at la ndfill; above, huge moundsof waste, junk and garbage at a losAng e le s dump ; right, millions of junkedcars yearly produce mountains of uglinessover the landscape.

effects of oil spilled in the ocean s andseas.

We don't often realize how much oilis lost into the oceans every year. A losson the orde r of either the To rrey Canyon or the Santa Barbara, California,oil spill represents considerably lessthan one percent of the yearly input ofoil into the sea from all sources.

These very spectacular local events arebut a small part of what is occurri ngcontinuously on a worldwide basisthrough smaller accidents, dumping,waste, and spillage.

Most of these spills occur in continental shelf areas, the part of the oceanteeming with abundant aquatic life.

There are also other intrusions intothe life-support systems of the oceans.Hot water effluents from industry, wastesalt from desalinization plants, andover-exploitation of fish resources area few examples. Then there is the mostnotorious intruder into the aquatic webof life - DDT.Taylor A. Pryor is president of the

Oceanic Foundation at the Makap uuOceanic Center in Waimanalo, Hawaii.In a sobering paper delivered at the SanFrancisco UNESCO meeting, he repor ted :

"One investigator cannot find an uncontaminated sampl e of surface seawater with in three hundred miles of theCalifornia coast. Tetraethyl lead, carriedin the atmosphere from auto exhaust,reaches that far.

"Farther yet is the reach of DDT. Antarctic pengu ins carry an increasing loadof this 'hydrocarbon and can eventuallybe considered candidates for extinctionalong with the brown pelican.

"Since marine organisms seem to concentrate DDT in large amounts as theymove up the food chain, the predatorson top of the chain are trapped. Alreadythe Atlantic bottlenose porpoise off theFlorida coast carries 800 ppm of DDTin blubber while the Department of Agriculture permits 5 to 10 ppm in salable meat. But for once the greatwhales may have a break with their reservoirs of fat for ready absorption.

"Not so for the sea birds. It is hardto say yet, but they may all be doomednow. Most of the DDT ever used is stillactive in the atmosphere or locked insoils ready to be removed by evaporation or by run-off into the sea. Wi th a10- to 50-year half -life remaining, whateffects will follow? How much seafood

will human predators be able to consume?"

Yes, even if all DDT usage were banned now, scientists are predicting - infact expecting - that it's already toolate to avoid wholesale extinction ofmany life forms in the ocean community.

The pub licity given to the pollutionprob lems caused by DDT compoundshas tended to minimize the threa t ofother environmental pollutants. But thepesticide problem is only half the story.

The most abundant synthetic pollutants in the marine environment, afterthe DDT compounds, may be a classof chemicals called polychlori natedbiphenyls, or PCB. They are used in suchvast amounts in industry that they canbe purchased in railway car quantities.Some of the principal uses are as plasticizers and fire retardants . They arefound in many plastics, rubbers, paints,hydraulic fluids, and in countless otherindustrial prod ucts.The problem is, these powerful

chemicals are now found worldwide infish and marine birds - as is DDT.

The PCB compoun ds are extremelystable. They do not dissolve in water .They readily enter biological systems


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and are concentrate d In food chains.They can be degraded, if at all, onlywith great difficulty.Declares marine resources expert R.

W . Risebrough regarding these industrial pollutants:

"\'V'ithin the past two years, therefore, we have become awar e of the existence in our pl anetary environment of awhole new class of pollutants . W hatwould happen if these substances weresh own t o be carcinogens [ cancerinducing agents ] ? The damage to humanlives and th e harm to wildl ife would bethe major effects, but also, ouernigbt th etoorld's marine fisheries ioonld be Il'ipedout ."This is the awful future - if plastics ,

paints and myriads of indus tr ial goodsare considered more valuable than lifeitself.Risebrough believes that technolo-

Th e PLA IN TRUTHgical intrusions into the sea willg reatly increase before the true natureof the cris is of the oceans becomes completely known:"\'V'e are only at the beginning of our

technolog ical revolution , and as th isrevolution proceeds, increasing outputsof waste materials per capita will increase by mrw)' times the rate at whichpollutants enter the sea."

The coming crisis in the oceansclearly calls for unprecedented internati onal action and cooperation. Suchinternational political machinery ISwoefully lacking at the moment.

Solid Waste: OurDisposable Culture

A garbage explosio n is th reateningmany of the majo r cities of the worldwith a gigantic ga rbage disposa l pr oblem ! The world's rapid ly expandingconsumer societies arc increasingly hard pressed to keep the growing mountainsof trash, refuse and waste down to manageable size.

"Every year," said a U. S. PublicHea lth Service spokesman, "we [Americans] generate 1.5 billion tons of animal wast es, 1.1 bi ll ion ton s of mineralwastes, 550,000,000 tons of agriculturalwaste and crop residues, 250 ,000,000tons of household, commercial and municipal wastes, and 110,000,000 tons ofindustrial wastes - a total of 3.5 billions tons of discard s per year - andgrowing."

Th ese awesome statistics average outto about 100 pounds of solid waste perperson per day! Th e Public Healthservice also estimates th at in a typicalyear Americans throwaway more than30,000,000 tons of paper, 4,000,000tons of plastics, 48,000,000,000 cans(mo re than 240 per person ) and 26,000 ,000,000 bottles and jars (or moretha n 130 per person) . And it keepsgrowing every year.

The solid waste problem was great lyintensified dur ing the 1960's with thetremendous increase in the usc of nondegradabl e products - all-aluminumcans, many types of plastic containers,bags and pro ducts, and non-returnablebottles. In many areas, even the earlymorn ing rattle of milk bottles is no

11more - the milk comll1g "bott led" inplastic throw-away containers.

At the end of the Sixt ies, 30,000,000junked automobiles, tru cks and busefilled U. S. junkyards and littered theAmerican landscape. Add ing to thisawesome statistic were the carcasses o100 million discarded tires !

One Ameri can tr ash disposal specialist warned recently: "The major metropolitan areas are standing in front of anavalanche, and it's threatening to burythem."Ask most people where their garbage

goes and you' ll probably get a look ofpuzzlement. Most are unaware of, orunconcerned with, the gigantic problems of waste disposal - except whenthei r garbage isn't collected.Yet municipal ga rbage disposal oftenranks third in community expenditure

r ight behind education and roads. Th ebudget for N ew York City's Department of Sanitation is around S150 million a year. Despite the prodigiouamount of waste removed from NewYork, solid wastes from the city arenow estimated to be the largest singlesource of sediment entering the AtlanticOcean from North Amer ica!

Imagine what a horribl e position acity would be in if garbage collectionwere halted for any prolonged length oftime. Reflect on New York City's dilemma during a nine-d ay sanita tionworker's strike 111 February, 1968 .Nearly 100,000 tons of foul-smellinguncollected garb age lay in big heaps onsidewa lks and in doorways. Trash firesflared all over town. Rats rummagedthrough the piles of refuse. Publi chealth officials proclaimed the city's firstheal th emergency since a 1931 polio epidemic - warning of the danger of typhoid and othe r diseases.Many big cities are being inundated

with waste disposal problems, not onlybecause every person is adding moreeach year, but because land areas wheregarbage can be safely disposed of arcrunning out.Garbage is being burned in open pits

buried and compressed under layers ofdirt, dumped into the ocean or shippedlong distances to disposal sites in unpopul ated areas. But as a result our air


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12

rivers and countryside are being seriously polluted and marred.

Yet, man will have to solve hismounting solid waste crisis or face direconsequences in the near fu ture!Strangely, few ask the fundamentalquestion of whether all the myriads ofproducts that are used ( rarely consumed ) in our age of ultra-materialismshould be produced in the first place.

Radioactivity: SilentPollution?

We live in the Atomic Age . Our lives(and our bodies) have already been altered by this fact! The testi ng of nuclear weapons dur ing the Sixties represented one of the greatest global intrusion experiments in history. Each of usnow carries radio-active stro ntium inhis bones, some rad ioactive cesium inhis muscles, possibly radioactive iodinein his thyroid.Th e Sixties have also witn essed an

other form of "nuclear proliferation"- the expand ing use of peacetimenuclear reactors for electric power generation.

As a result of the growing pressureagainst the expanding use of fue ls(coal , oil, and natural gas) , it is predicted that nuclear-generated energy willbe heavily relied on by many nati onsto sup ply burgeoning power demands.

Power needs are doubling every decade in the U . S. The Atomic EnergyCommission predic ts U . S. electricity bythe year 2000 will be 50% nucleargenerated - now it is only 1%.

Around the world , nearly 50 nationshave invested in nuclear reactors mostly small research reactors. But thetrend is toward constructing atomicpowered electr ic-generat ing stations.Hundreds of nuclear reactors are nowin existence and hund reds more will bebuilt in the coming decade. Nuclearene rgy is coming of age for theworld 's ravenous indu strial and consumer power appetites.

What Most Don 't Realize\X!hat most people don't realize is

that the majority of these nuclear reactors allow minute but measurableamounts of radioactive waste materialto escape into the environment. In fact,

every step of the nuclear power process- from uranium ore min ing, to fueluse in reactors, to reprocessing of thatfuel , to final waste disposal - allowssome release of radioactive elements.

Some used fuel and radioactive wastesare so dangerous that they must bestored underground in cement and steell ined tanks for hundreds of years. Evenunderground, tests have shown that it isvery possible for some radioactivity toleak out and become a serious threat towater suppl ies. Because of this everpresent hazard , cit izens groups in California have successfully resisted the construct ion of nuclear plants on or nearearthquake fau lt lines.

However small might the dischargesof nuclear plants be, the great dangereven in thi s is the concentration of radioactive elements as they move up the

food chain . This phenomenon is similarto insecticide concentrations in foodchains exemp lified by DDT in theoceans.

As di lute radioactive mater ials movefrom microscopic plants and animals tosmall fish, to larger fish and water lifeto animals, birds and man, it becomesconcentrated possibly hund reds or thousands of times over.

In his book Tbe Careless Atom author Sheldon Novick reported the following results of dumping cooling watefrom plutonium-product ion reactorsThe reactor in questi on is located onthe Columbia River in America's PacifiNorthwest.

Radioactivity of the Columb ia Riveplankton - tiny microscopic plants andanimals - averaged two thousand timethe radioact ivity of the water. More


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13

Power a nd Resources: TheVoracious Appetite of Man

and IndustryThe tremendous need to clean up our

befouled environment runs counter tothe burgeoning want s of an expandingindustria l society and a growing population.

As Dr. Lee DuBridge reported in hisopening address in San Francisco :

"More peop le inh abit the earth everyday, crowding our cities, pushing theirhousing developments into the farm,forest, mountain and beach areas,crowding the diminishing recreationareas, and all adding to the colossalhuman consumption of the earth's resources and adding to the mountains ofwaste which must somehow be fed backto Mother Earth.

"And these same people demandmore electric power, more food, morerefrigerators, more automobiles, morejobs, requiring the construction of morefactories producing more pollution andmore defacemcnt of the formerly pleasant surroundings. . . ."Primitive men," continued Dr.DuBridge, "did not despoil the ir environment - at least not much. Therewere too few of them and they had notlearned all the techniques for using upthe earth's resources and convertingthem into waste products . Industrialman is far more numerous - and far ,far more effic ient in using the earth'sresources to fill his wants and needsand not very efficient or very consideratein disposing of waste products."Mo re people, more consumptionand more waste products. That is thestory of modern civilization. That is thestory of the earth's environment."

\"\fhat then, specifically, about theenergy and resource needs of the futur e ?

In a paper entitled "M ineral Resour ces in Our Environment," deliv eredat the UNESCO meeting, arlo E.Childs gave a glimpse into the future:

" In the decade of the 70's as well asin the 80's, the United States faces

Again, the problem boils down tomore people living in larger cities demanding mor e goo ds and services nearl y all at the expense of a clean environment.

Ambassador Coll eg e Photo s

so difficult to distinguish from certainstable elements normally needed by thebody, th at they are incorporated unsuspectingly into tissue. These absorbedradioactive elements are believed to havethe potential of dis rupting or destr oyingcellu lar tissue.

The controversy surrounding nuclearpower plants is a very vocal one. Onone side are conservationists, adamantlyagains t installation of such facilities. Onthe other side stands the electricalpower industry. Its studi es projectphe nomenal increases in electrical usagefor the years ahead - needs which theyclaim cannot be met by conventiona lpower production methods, whetherfuel burning plants or hyd roelectricgenerators.

Far left, bumper-to-bumpertraffic during urban rush-hou r per iods belch voluminous amounts of health-ruininggases into the air; above andlef t , screaming jets generatetheir share of airborne contaminants, besides makingliving in cer ta in areas almostunbearable because of noise.

shockingly, caddi s fly larv ae achievedconcentrations 350,000 times that of thewater. And a survey of bird life alongthe river showed birds which feed onriver insects have a high concentrationof radioactivity. Novick reported duckegg yolks had 40 ,000 times the radioactivity of th e river water ; adult swallows had a concentration of 75,000times that of the water.

Cancer, congenital malformation, andlife-shortening have been note d in experiments in wh ich laboratory animalswere exposed to low radia tion dosesover long periods of time.

Much has yet to be lea rned aboutthe effects of low-level radioactive exposure on humans. It is known, however, that some radioactive elements are


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14energy requirements beyond any wehave ever seen in the past. . . ."

The U . S. Depa rtment of Mi nes projects the following increases of key fuelsand minerals for the period 1965 to2000. The percentages are whopping:1) Coal consumption will increase

more than 250 percent in the U. S. andmore than 575 percent worldwi de.2) Iron consumption will increase

nearl y 175 percent in the U. S. and atmore than twice that rate worldwide.3) Lead consumption will increase

over 200 percent in the U. S. and morethan 250 percent worldwide.

4 ) Zinc consumption will increasenearly 375 percent both in the U. S. andworldwide.

5) Copper consumption will increasemore than 200 percent in the U. S. andnearly 375 percent worldwide.

"These are enormo us demands,"admits Childs. "It is very difficult toforesee how they will be met ."

And it is even more difficult to fore see how they could be met wi thoutirreparably stressing the earth's ecological balance.The earth's resources are not infin ite.

Methods must be found to reclaim andreuse many of these minerals present lybeing heedlessly discarded.

Today, nearly all industrial nationsare net importers of most of the met alsand ores on which their economy depends. Th e U. S., long the world's mostvoracious consumer of minerals, although comp rising only 6% of theearth's land area and population, depends increasingly on foreign sources.

Said a University of Cali forniabiogeologist: "One does not have to bean economic geologist or a mineraleconomist (a nd I am neither) to seethat , short of plundering the rest of theworld, the availab il ity of mineral resources of itself will place real limitseither on popul ation g rowth or onaffluence in the U. S. by early in the 21stCentury, and sooner if we are not alertand skillful in dealing with imminentshortages."

No ise: The DeafeningCrescendo

Sixty years ago, Nobel laureate Robert Koch predicted, "A day will comewhen man will have to fight merciless

Th e PLAIN TRUTHnoise as the worst enemy of health."

That tragic day may not be far off.It is virtually imp ossible, espec ially in

highly advance d technological societies,to get completely away from the racketof civilization: horn blasts, squea lingtires, screeching brakes, rumbling trucks,jet planes , t ransistor radios, fac toryno ise, the th roaty growl of motorcycles,jackhammers, riveting gun s, racingcars. . . .

Even at nigh t , cities and suburbs areplagued with an und efinable low moan- often punctuated with the ear-p iercing shriek of a siren.

As with one voice, scientists are recogn izing noise as more than just an annoyance. They see it as a lethal partnerto air, water , sol id waste and otherforms of poll ut ion. Dr. Vern O. Knud sen, chancellor emeri tus of the University of California, asserts: "N oise, likesmog , is a slow agent of death. I f itcontinues for the next 30 years as it hasfor the past 30, it could become lethal."

In fact, the overall loudn ess of environme ntal noise has increased aboutthree decibels each decade in the UnitedStates, since the 1930's. T hat represe ntsa doubling of inte nsity each decade!(Each decibel rise rep resents a 26% increase in noise intensity; ten decibelsmeans a ten-fold increase in power) . Insome Ame rican communities, the noiselevel in 1968 was 15 decibels above the1938 level - a 32-fo ld increase.

The U. S. Public Health Service reports more than 7 million persons areworking where noise levels are highenough to damage hearing.

The Federal Counci l for Science andTechnology says that hearing losscaused by noise amounts to "a majorhealth hazard in Ameri can industry."The cost of compensat ion for lost producti on because of noise and hea ringdamage is estima ted to be well over$4 billi on per year!

H ard-of-Hearing at Age 30 . . .Youths, too, are affected by noise pol

lut ion to an alarming degree. The culpri t? Highly amp lified rock 'n' rollmUS Ic .

A University of Tennessee researchteam stud ying the relati onship betweensuch music and hear ing damage reports"measurable h igh frequency hearing

Februa ry, 1970loss" in more than 30 percen t of a largegroup of freshmen. In a separate study,guinea pigs expose d to "hard rock" (averaging 130 decibels) suffered the shrive ll ing up of a high percentage of cellsin the sensi tive inne r ear.Dr. David Lipscomb of Tenness ee's

Department of Audiology and SpeechPathology concluded that the nati onshould initiate at once a programof "h earing conse rvation for youngpeople."

According to James M . Flugrath ofthe Memphis State Universi ty Speechand Hearing Clini c, "i t is quite poss iblethat due to modern amp lified rock 'n 'roll music, we are raising a nati on ofteen -agers who will be hard-of-hearingbefore they reach what they consider oldage (30) ."

Rx of Noise Poll utionReactions to noise pollution could be

listed almost end lessly, but ear specialistDr. Samuel Rosen gives a succinct summary. When one hears a loud noise,said Dr. Rosen, "the blood vessels constrict, the skin pa les, th e pupils dilate,the eyes close, one win ces, holds thebreath , and the voluntary and invo luntary muscles tense. Gastri c secretiondim inishes and the [ blood] pressureincreases. Adrenalin is sudd enly injectedinto the bloodstream which increasestension , nervousness, irritability, andanxiety ."None of these reactions are neces

sari ly serious happening once in a while.But when multipli ed a hund red timesper day or a million per lif etime, multiple chro nic illn esses are knocking atthe door. Noise effects, furthermore,are cumulative ! "You may forgivenoise," Rosen quippe d, "But your arteries never will."Dr. Rosen is not alone in his warnings about noise and health.

Psychologist Dr. Edward C. Hewsstates tha t "prolonged subjection to anunp leasant noise . . . can lead to seueremental disorientation and in some casesviolence."

A recent British study near Lond on'sHeathrow airport gives further proof ofnoise-induced neurosis. A team of doctors and statisticians under 1. AbeyWickrama of Guy's Hospital, London ,found that women over 45 living alone


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suffered more than ttoice the incidenceof neurotic and organic mental illn essesif they lived in or near the landing pathof Heathrow airport. "There is reliablestatis tical evidence," the doctors said,"that noise is an important factorleading to [men tal] hospitalization."

Dr. Lewis Sontag , director of the FelsResearch Inst itute at Yellow Springs,Oh io warns of the dangerous effect ofsonic booms on unborn children. Th e" total behavior and adjustment patternsof later li fe" can be altered by the

effects of loud , sha rp noises on an unborn fetus.

Drs. Kenneth Henry and RobertBowman of th e University of W isconsin warn of "an increase in soundproduced convulsions in people whospen t their infancy near sources ofint ense sound ."

As we enter the age of sprawling"strip cities" and the SST (supersonictransport) , one mus t hones tly ask : Arewe all doomed to constant dis comfiture and possibly even death be-

15Ominous Stream of Emissions- Billowing smoke f ro m copperre fi ne ry fo rms inversion laye r ofpollu ted a ir ove r small town.

Ambassador College Photos

fore our time because of noise pollution ?

What Could Be DoneIt should be abundantly clear that ac

tion - not just more talk - needs to betaken qui ckly. Action is needed from anaroused publ ie, responsible industrialistsand a concerne d government.

W hat could - and should - bedone? For a start:

1) Estab lish, in each industrial nation, a "Po llu tion Pent agon" consisting of a high cabinet or ministerialevel board deal ing with environmentaaffairs. Such a board should primarilybe made up of the best minds inecology, biology, anthropology, botanychemistry and related sciences.

Such boards should function as direcPresidential Advisory groups, and notbe sub ject to pressures f rom powerfulobbies or vested interests. By continualexchanging of personnel, invi ting leading researchers in various fields whethefrom education or industry, there wouldoccur a cont inua l upgr ad ing of suchboard s - continual access to new methods and discoveries - and , hopefullyavoidance of seeing such gro ups stagnat e into cloistered, ign ored , obsoleteisland s of scientific knowledge whoseresearch is never used in practical application.

This panel of experts in each nationshould be given the responsibility of advising industry and agriculture of th eecolog ical effects of new pro ducts andprocesses. Its decisions - such as recommending the ban of certain nondegradab le pro ducts - sho uld have th efu ll weight of governmental enforcemen t behind them.

Ideall y, such a "Po ll ution Pentagon" would be kept completely frefrom par tisan sh ip, and safeguardefrom at tempts from whatever quarterincluding other government agenciethat migh t exert pressures or unduinfluence.

Pollution is already such a monumenta l social issue that the entire publi


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16should be made more and more aware ofthe personal convictions of poten tialpolitical cand ida tes concerning conservati on and pollution . Further, thepublic should carefully appraise the pastor present industrial con nections of suchprospective officia ls . Human survival isat stake in all th is - not just pettypolitics.

2) Estab lish cra sh educatio nal programs on ecology and the preservation- and improvement - of our envi ronment. Children should learn f rom thei rearliest school years the haza rds of environment pollution . Ecology is a woefully negl ected subject in our schoolcurr iculum .

3) Extend environmen tal educationto the ent ire adult population, the decision makers of today, who decree whatsort of world their children and gra nd children will be living in. It's tragic, butmost peop le st ill view pollution as simply annoying, not as a threat to all lifeon this planet. Th ere remains a compelling need to communicate clearly,continuously and candi d ly the shockingfacts about our deg rading world. Th epub lic, especially in a democracy, mustbe aroused. Only then will politi cians- who too of te n side with powerfulinterest groups - act.At the San Francisco conference, Michael Scriven of the University of Cali

fornia said thi s:"W e are not about to survive the

problems of a tmosphere and water supply contamin ation . . . the problems ofnatur al resource exhaustion, and all theother problems to whic h the ecologisthas made us sensitive, by getting onepercent of the population halfwayfamiliar with the situati on. \X'e have gotto get every, and that means ever)', citizen educated ."4) Prepare right now for a "nog rowth" economy. And along with it ano-growth popul ation, no-growth states,and no-growth cit ies un til the problemof pollution is solved . This, of course,runs counter to the usual Chamber-ofCommerce att i tude . But the time hascome fo r us to realize that g rowth forthe sake of growth results in noth ingbut cancer of the environment.

"G rowth of populati ons, of thetax base, of real estate valu es, and

Tb e PLAIN TRUTHof the Gross N ational Product is. . . accompanied by growth of waste,of pollution, of consumpt ion of resources, of ecological deterioration, andof conflict" (P reston Cloud , Professorof Biogeology, University of Califo rnia,Santa Barbara) .

Industry and the uti li ties need to realize, for example, that not every powerd ra in ing ( therefore pollutio n cont ributing ) device capable of being dreamedup should be produced . \X'e did quitewell before the age of the electric knifeand the electric can opene r, to use twoext reme cases.

T echnology, newer technology, andmore clever technology is no t the solution to pol lut ion as long as the GN Pcontinues its upward surge.

People must come to realize this fundamen tal fact: you simply cannothave a continually expanding economywithin a finite system - Earth . T he eternal worship of an infin itely expandingGross N ational Product must cease - ifwe eire to suruioe.

It is obvious, in this context, thatthere need to be incentives for cities tolimi t their growth . The "free ing up" ofcities, the careful pla nning of "greenbelts " around urban centers, and thecreation of "industrial parks" should beencouraged.

Hotels have a limited number ofrooms. It has been proved our wholeenvironment has lim its, just as nationshave limits. An d so have states, counties, and cities. SO LIVE within thoselimits. I f a city is obviously "fttll," legalmeans should be ado pted to make itimpossible for such a city to continue toexpand at a rate controlled on ly by thewhimsical notions or economic desiresof people.Unless some urgent measur es aretaken, the ugl y "megalopolises" - strip

cities such as the American "Bosnywash,San-San, and Chipitts" - wi ll be monstrous realities before another decadeend s.

5) Beginning now - a concertedeffort should be made to deglamor izethe automobile and begin to completelypha.se ou t th e in tern al combu st i neng rne.The time has ar r ived for the produc

tion of a few hig h quality and well bui lt

February, 1970automobiles, specifically designed tominimize pollu tion . T he lust for the"cubic inch" measure of automobileengi nes has to cease.

Beginning now, we need to seriouslyquestion whether ther e should not be apolicy of no new cars unless an old oneis turned in. Beginning now, we need tostop and th ink seriously before moregreen acres are r ipped up for highwayconstruction . Beg inning now, we shouldgive se rious thought to the concept ofwartime-style gas rationing and impl antthe question in the public mind - ISTHIS TRIP NEC ESSARY?Obviously these changes involve

wholesale rethinking of our industrialsystem and even the advert is ing profession .

BI/t is the S l l' lli val of mall toortb it?6 ) Make fighting pollution "popu

lar." Incentives should be estab lishedfor those actively engage d in the pollution battle . The man who is working ona smog-free automobile or a new pro cess to remove industrial wastes beforethey reach the water supply should bemade as popul ar as - and paid morethan - the well-publicized "superstar"ath letes of today.

7) Begin to ACT not just talk.Talk is fine, but it too can become justanother form of pollution wordpollution.

It is now time to act on the abundance of documented evide nce alreadyavailable. Enough facts are know n. Butis government, is industry, is the average man-on-the-street, willing to becommitted 100% to the polluti on battle- even when self-interest throws allmanner of obstacles in the way?W e wou ld hope so . But the historical

record of human reason is not encouraging . Th ere is still a littl e time for selfdeceived and un informed scoffers to say," It 's not all that bad."Thi s pre cious allotment of time, how

ever, is fast runni ng out. T he survivalof man is at stake.

For additional information on thepolluti on crisis , write for our fr eebooklet Our Pollnted Planet, publishedand dis trib uted in the public interest byAmbassador College.


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LOMA D. ARMSTRONG ACADEMIC CENTER , Pasadena campus. Ambassador Cal/ege Pharo

AMBASSADOR'S ANSWER TOMind Pollutionby Roderick C. Me red ith

What is the MEANING of the current turmoil in education?Why are solutions so long in coming? Read here how three

col/ege campuses have discovered the real answers .

W HILE TH E world is hurlingitself to a "civilized" form ofnuclear suicide, a uniqueachievement in education points the wayto a better world tomorrow.

The missing dimension in educationis at last available! It is found on thethree campuses of Ambassador Collegeand in its adult in-the-home extensionprogram.

Isn't it time we took an objectivelook at this world, its "civilization" andits education? And asked why there isso much human misery and confus ion?

The CONFUSION Around UsA literal avalanche of mind pollutants

is descending on young people today.From California to Copenhagen, fromSydney, Australia, to Stockholm, Swe-

den, a tide of FILTH is infesting thebooks, m a g a z i ~ e s , movies and graduallyeven the television programs our youngpeople watch or read.

This type of intellectual diet iswreaking havoc with the lives and character of the young. "We are so deep inhard-core obscenity that I feel we willnever recover," said Los Angeles ViceSquad Sergeant Donald Schaidellrecently. "The situation is actually unbelievable."

According to the U. S. Senate Investigating Committee on Juvenile Delinquency, 75 to 90 percent of all filthy


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literature eventu ally gets into the handsof teen-agers and younger children."There's no denying that the pres

sures toward loose conduct are strong,"said Dean Ernest Gordon of the University Chapel at Princeton. "Ours IS asociety drenched in sex!"Yet, the sex and drug experi menta

tion so openly advocated and practicedin many college circles is decidedly notmaking people happy. A Wi sconsinpsychiat rist recently described the growing problem of ,alienated students who talk about being "washed up" at25, take drug s or smoke pot and seembored, apathetic and unhappy.Dr. Seymour Halleck points out that

the alienated student is usuall y brightand considered promising . So the "what'sthe point of it all" attitude he acquiresill college is disturbing to society andparticularly to his parents, who ask

themselves, "Where did we go wrong ?"Characteristically, Dr. Halleck said,

the al ienated student lives for thepresent, with an emphasis 0 11 immediategratificatioll that gradually erodes "thestudent's capacity to feel compassion, toassume responsibility, or to make commitments." He describes the alienatedstudent as uncertain as to "who he is,where he come s from, and where he isgoing ."

The RESULTWhat kind of educated barbarians IS

society turning out?Part of the answer is found in the

mass hysteria generated In collegedisorders. The first five months of 1969saw disorders on more tban 200 collegecampuses, resulting in 2,300 arrestsand property damage of more than $2.2million .Many college presiden ts are resigning

Amba ssador Colle ge PhotoAt top-name colleges and universi ties, student d issenters oftenexpress d issatisfaction by demonstrating and dis rupting classes.

In frust ration over the prob lem ofstudent rebellion.

Dr. Buell Gallagher; President of theCity College of New York, announcedlast May that he was quitting after weeksof student disruptions that led toarson and bloodshed . Earlier, Dr. RayHeffner quit at Brown University, saying he did not "enjoy being a universitypresident."Now understand why. Many univer

sity officials are of the same opinion aHarvard professor John Kenneth Galbraith, "The fun ction of a university ito provide the best teaching, not to acas a moral watchdog."Ruth Darling, Assistant Dean fo


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February, 1970 Th e PLAIN TRUTH 19

Ambassador Colle ge PhotoAmbassa do r students enjoy a sho rt break be twe en cla sses near thelibr a ry, Pasadena campus.

Residence Hall s at Cornell, where jun-ior and senior girls have vi rtua lly nocurfew, says: " Jj7 e don't ask what th eydo and don't want to know . W e don ' task because the girls are presumed tobe responsible." But she added that,"we know that all are not responsible."

The result of all this supposed enlightenment is not happiness . The resultis th e alienated student who feels"washed up " at 25, who takes drugs orsmokes pot and is bored, apathetic andIInhappy. He does not know why he isalive, where he is going, or if there isany purpose to li fe.An increasing number of th ese pitiful

types are committing Silicide . Dr. Matthew Ross, an associate professor ofpsychiatry at H arvard's medical school,warns only auto accidents take the livesof more col lege s tudents tha n suicides.The suicide rate for college studen ts is50 perce nt higher th an for Americansin general of a comparable age.What k ind of "educat ion" are these

young people receiving ?Wrong K IND of Education

The root CAUSE of the frighteningwave of crime, violence and alienationamong young peopl e is the wrong kindof education ,But the problem is not new. Th eearly G reek and Roman intellectuals, as

one learned Roman citizen ph rased it,"did not like to retain God in theirkn owledge ." N either do their counterparts today. Th ey are very intenton learning how to make a living, orhow to build weapons to dest roy humanlife, or at best, how to feed rats scientifically. Th ey are very busy withthese "important" matters! But whereare the answers to the big ques tions ofli fe ? - (1 ) how the earth and all lifecame in to being, (2 ) what man is, (3 )the gr eat PURPOSE of human exist ence,(4) the immutable laws of life which- if underst ood and obeyed - produce health, happiness, and continuingpeace with your fe llowman, and (5 ) thespiritna! truths which bri ng man into anint imate relationship with his Creator.No, these are too often the "i ncon

sequentials"! Th ey are not worthy ofthe "educated" man 's atten tion andstudy!Or ARE THEY? What do y OIl think ?

The DANGER of a CompletelyMaterialistic Ed uca tion

America and the Wes tern powers hadbetter wake up to one fact. T otalneglect of spi ritual valu es and truthsin orde r to engage in a race with atheist ic Soviet Russia to produce more horrifying weapons of DESTRUCTION isplu ng ing us toward national silicide.'Hi story teaches that when any nation orpeople neglects th e spiritual and mora leducation of its children, its DOOM issealed .In his histori c address before the as

sembled Congress of the United States,Gene ral Douglas MacArthur laid barethe utter fut ility of war and materialisticeducation in constant prepa ra tion forwar.He said : " I know 1Var as few other

men now living know it, and nothing tome - and nothing to me - is more re-

volting . . . . Men since the begin ning oftime have sought peace . . . . Military alliances, balances of power, League ofNa tions; all in turn fa iled, leaving theonly path to be by way of the crucibleof war. The litter destmctiueness of warnow blocks th is alternative, We HAVEHAD OUR LAST CHANCE . If we will notdevise some greater and mor e equitablesystem , our Armageddon will be at onrdoor. The problem basically is THEO LOG ICAL and involves a spi ri t of recrudescence and IMPROVEMENTOF HUMANCHARACTER th at will synchro nize withour almost matchless advances in science, art, literature and all the materialand cultural developments of the past2000 years."He concluded: " It must be of th e

SPIR IT if we are to save th e flesh ."W e had better WAKE UP to the dan -

gers and evi ls of a false education . I f


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we intend to live - and live happily -we had better learn the great PURPOSEof life , and how to live and make a living in the right way.One of the great early American lead

ers, Daniel We bster, left us this warning : "If we Americans continue to holdand practice the principles of the Bibleon which this Republic was found ed,we go on prospering and to prosper. Ifnot, some powers now unseen will pre-

vail and destroy us and our civilization."Unfortunately, very few of today's

educators have any inkling of how thatkind of education should be disseminated .But there is one liberal arts college

with three campuses - which is awaketo the shortcomings of th is world'seducation . I t has set out to correct theseerro rs by imparting the knowledge ofthe purp oses of human existence. Th is

most fundamental of all knowledge isthe FOUNDATION of its educationalpolicy. This college is AmbassadorCollege. And the spirit and vision ofits educational policy is unique.

TRUE EducationAt these three campuses the real

meaning of life - and of present-dayworld events - has been rediscoveredand tallght . In fact, Ambassador College


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Amhassador Co llege PhotosTop, the ultra-modern new gymnasium with la ke in foreground , Engli shcampus. Below, an interio r lounge in one of the girls' do rmito ries, Texascampus.

publishes the very magazine you arenow reading - "a magazine of UNDERSTANDIN G" - as part of its adult inthe-home extension program.

Although bui lt upon an underlyingfoundation of spiritual truth, Ambassador is a liberal arts college. Its threecampuses are located in Pasadena, California; at Bricket Woo d, near London,England; and near Big Sandy, in EastTexas.

Students come to these campusesfrom all over the world - Canada,Britain, Continental Europe, Australia,New Zealand and South Africa. Theycome, basically, because they want tofind a deeper UN DERSTANDIN G of thereal purpose in their lives and in theswift-moving world events now catapulting mankind to the supreme CRISIS ofthis age. In this atmosphere of truth andunderstanding, students are taught to

question, to research, to prove and toUNDERSTAND the really BIG questions oflife.

An atmosphere of intellectual curiosity and true spiritual boldness permeatesthe Ambassador campuses. Scores of ourstudents come from other collegesthroughout the Unites States andaround the world. Many already havedegrees from other major universities.

Yet, because Ambassador College is


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22, t ruly different, these t ransfer studentsare most enthusiastic about the advantages of an Amb assador education.T he student enro llment on each cam

pus is kept relatively small. Manyadvantages are gained by a personalizedtype of instruction of ten lacking in theaverage university or college. Real student ' participation and vigo rous questionper iods make possib le a personal meeting of minds between professor and students.Students are taugh t to think . Courses

emphasize un derstandin g the realMEAN ING of life, seldom impar tedothe r institutions.

Outstanding Facilities atAm bassador

Ambassador College has a burge oningbuilding program making possibleexceptional facilities fo r a collegeof ou r size. Each of the Ambass adorcampuses is located in an area ofwarmth and beauty. Each has un usualfacilities which make it excel the othersin certain directions.Beautiful new dormitories, dining fa

cilities and an outstanding gymnasiumhave been completed on each campus.H igh-quality tennis courts and fineathletic fields add to the enjoyment ofthe full li fe led by our students on allth ree campuses.The parent campus at Pasadena is

located within a few miles of some ofthe nation's great libraries, two worldfamous astronomical observatories, manyfamous galleries and museums, andoutstanding technical institutions whereimportant research p rojects are always in.ope ration .

in the beautiful "G reenBelt" just north of London, our Englishcampus provides a peaceful atmosphereoutdoor sports and country living.Yet it is immediately adjacent to London with the Lond on-Birmingham motorway only about a mile away. T rain'connections with downtown London areless than half a mile from the campus.So centra l London is easily available toour English stud ents - only forty-fiveminutes away.Our Texas facil ities, in addition,

provide for swimming, water skiing andother aquatic spor ts.

Tb e PLAIN TRUTHTh e A ';lbassador CHARACTERAmid the signs o f decay and death

throughout our civilization, AmbassadorCollege students are prepared forabunda nt life . Ambassador studentsare taugh t a way of life that impartstrue happiness.Ambassador College produces honest

young people; people who are not onlycompletely honest in financial matters,but are equally honest in classroomsituations, in conversation and in theirbasic dedication - every day of theweek. Tr ue intell ectual and spiritualin tegrity is encouraged on the Ambassador campuses as in few othe r locationson ear th !Many visiting public officials have

commented, repeatedly, on the atmosphere of courtesy and respect demonstrated by the Ambassador students. Forthe students of Ambassador College areconstantly and consisten tly taugh t respectfor their elders, respect for offices ingovernment, respect for the laws, andrespect and love for all fellow humanbeings . This attitude, of itself, says alot. I t would, if un iversally practiced,completely obliterate all juvenile delinquency from the face of the earth!Amb assador College produces students

who love and serve their fellowman.Th ey are decent and disciplined humanbeings . But they have a goal, They loveLIFE! Th ey are heartily, happily, joyously exuberant in living the full andbalanced life wh ich they know isintended!As literally hundreds of visitors have

vocally observed, Ambassador studentsare tm ly the HAPPIE ST people on earth!

A P'riceless Opportun ityThe opportunity to attend Ambassa

dor College should now take on newmean ing to any young person of collegeage. When you und erstand it, theopportunity is matchless - pr iceless!In no other,educational institution on

earth can you so fully learn the real purpose of life - arid with proper gu idancedevelop your who le being to fulfill thatpurpose . You will learn how to reallylive a full, vigorous, productive andabundant life .

The realization of Ambassador'sgoals and standards fills Ambassad or

Febr uary, 197students with zeal, with drive, with purpose !

T h is makes their college assignmentmore than just assigned stud ies, thework mare than just a means to roomand board, their recreation more thajust a passing good time. All these activities take on new mean ing and purpose. Th ey become vital steps towarthe development of whole personality - the whole being -.:... as a sharand effective instrument in fulfilling threal GOAL of human existence.

Th is realization, this goal, makeAmbassador College tru ly differ enTh ere is no other college on earth everemotely like it!

A CHAL LE NGE toYoun g People

Here is a challenge to ' all younpeop le in the English-speaking worlwho 'want to understand and fulfill thpu rpose of life.H you've successfully completed hig

school or secondary school or plan to dso in the near future, if you appreciatthe opportun ity to acquire a collegeducation and achieve it in the sounway, and if you aren' t afrai d of blazinnew trails - then by all means u/ritimmed/ately for the Ambassador Colege Bulletin or Prospectus. You wireceive full particulars.All of you in the Uni ted States an

Canada wj10 wish the college Bulletiwith fu ll particulars about college enrollment, write immediately to The Regist ra r, Ambassador College, P. O . Bo111, Pasadena, California 91105 . Th osin Britain, Europe, Australia, and SoutAf rica, wri te to The Registrar, Ambassador College, Bricket Wood, SAlban s, Herts., England, for the Prospectus of the college in England.Apart from Ambassador, most stu

dents and young people of this mixed-ugeneration are literally overcome bmi nd p ollution. Of ten, feeling they havtried "everyth ing" and are still neithehappy nor successful, they may e\;'econtemplate SIlicid e. But A m b a s s a dCollege students are receiving an education for L.IFE- [irll, happy, balanceand joyous LIFE.

Why not try it ? 0


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Ambassador Co llege Photo

Many Europeans ar e becoming impatient! They want Europe to unite now! European integrationists ar e reqlly beginning to make headway intheir long-dreamed-o f "United States of Europe ." Will they succeed?Will Britain be included? Read this on-the-spot, revealing report of th e

recent Common Market Summit Meeting in The Hague.by Raymond F. McNair

The Hague, Holland."UNITED EUROPE - NOW,"chanted young demonstrators

at the recent Common Marketmeetings in The Hague!

As the Common Market Ministers arrived at the Hall of Knigh ts, a large"E" (symbol of European integrationists) fluttered over a nearby governmentbuilding."We want Europe!" "European elec

tion now!" "Europe Uni te!"These and similar words were being

chanted in the streets and in the Plazaoutside the meeting hall. Similar wordswere being spoken soberly by seriousminded government leaders both in andoutside Europe's prosperous CommonMarket.

Tide of European UnityBritain's Foreign Secretary, Mr . Mi

chael Stewart, recently echoed curren tEuropean th inking when he stated that" the whole tide for unity of Europe isflowing strongly."

For nearly thirty years The PLAINTRUTH magazine and The WORLD TOMORROW broadcast have been tellingworld that Europe would unite - that aUni ted States of Europe was as certainas the rising of tomorrow's sun.

Recently, some, especially in theU. 5., began to say that the idea of European uni ty was as good as dead . Butmore recent events at The Hague andelsewhere in Europe have proven theywere woefully in error.Regardless of what other news


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Februa ry, 1970analysts or radio commentators havesaid (or are saying ) we have consistently said that a United States of Europe is a soon-coming certa.inty.Europe right now is in the process of

unit ing .This task of uniting the different na

tions which make up the crazy-quiltpatchwork we call Europe - is noteasy. Eu ropean unity will not comeovernight. But it is much closer tha nmost have realised.W ill such a United States of Europe,

ult imately possessing its own nuclearweapo ns, become more powerful thaneither the U. S. or Russia? W ill thisstrong United Europe help to br ingabout greater peace and stability in theworld ? Or , will it tip the present nuclear balance of terror - thereby helping to usher in W orld W ar III?

Va gue at The H agueWhat did the representatives of the

Six Common Market nations, who metat The Hague in December, pr omiseBritain ? Were their pronouncementsspecific or rather vague?Brita in , and much of the W estern

world , had hoped that the Six wouldagree on an actual date when Britaincould fo rmally apply for membership in 'Europe's rather exclusive Common Ma rket club.The big question ? W ould France no

longer exercise her veto power in theEEC meetings - no longer block Britain's entry into the Common Market ?Tw ice, Fra nce in the person of De

Gaulle had blocked British entry intothe EEC - in January, 196 3, and th enagain In December, 1967. WouldFrance again be the stumblingblock toBrit ish entry?At the recent meetings in The Hague,

the other five Common Market members - W est Ge rmany, Holland, Bel-

Ambassador Co lleg e PhotoA huge poster bearing a pictureof W alter Hallstei n is he ld a lo ftby demonstra tors. Professor Hal l-ste in wa s one of the o riginalsig ners o f the Tre at y of Rome,and wa s the f irst President of theCom mon Market Comm ission.

Tb e PLAIN TRUTHgium, Italy and Luxembourg were infavour of letting Britain begin negotiat-' ing to enter the Common Market assoon as possible. Before the meetingsbegan, D r. Luns, the Dutch Min ister o fForeign Affairs, told . me he thoughtBritain would ultimately make it thi stime.But , as feared by some, the French

attitude was still somewhat negat ive.She still had her objections to Britishentry - at least at thi s time !President Pomp idou made it clear he

did not intend to allow the CommonMarket even to set a firm date for negotiations on British entry to begin . TheCommon Market nations must firstsettle the thorny problem of how tohandle its huge agricultural surpluses.France was not about to agree to admitting Britain or any nation until she received assurances from her CommonMarket partners that French farmerswould be subsidised on into theindefinite future.Any French President who didn't

pro tect the farmers of France could notbe expected to remain long in office.France's economy is still, primarily, agriculturally based ; and she feels shemust receive certain protectionist agricultural gu arantees from the membersof the EEC - before she is willing tocontinue to walk the path toward European un ity.Many suspect France is stall ing for

time - th inking that Britain will baulkat the terms of ent rance into the Common Market - once the highly subsi dised agricultural poli cy is hammeredout in its final fo rm among the Common Market countries.Some even question whether or not

France ever intends to let Britain jointhe EEC. These skeptics believe Francefears she would not be able to dominatethe Common Market if Brit ain were tojoin.Others, however, point out that Wes t

Germany - not France - is the realeconomic giant of the Common Marketand will tend to dominate the EEC inthe future.What did the EEC really promise

Brita in in their final communique ?No t much, really, except a rather

vague promise.

25N o firm date has been set at which

the Common Market nations will opennego tiations with Britain, but they havesaid they th ink they will be able tobegin talking about negotiations byabout 1st July, 1970.

I f Britain is rejected fo r the thirdtime, she may turn away from Continental Europe for good, and make an effortto cement her ties more closely withthe Un ited States and the Commonwealth .Many believe irreparable damage has

already been done to British trade relat ions with the Commonwealth - sinceBritain decided to turn away from themand snuggle up more closely to Europe,hoping, eventually, to become a fullfledged member of the Common Mar ket.So, several of the Commonwealthnat ions are alrea dy in the process of

turn ing their backs on Britain , theMother Country, and are seeking closertrade-ties with other nations.

I f Britain does fail to be admi ttedinto the EEC, it will be impossible forher ever to re-cement her ties with theCommonwealth.Political Uni ty - Next Big StepIn all of the ballyhoo over whe ther ornot Britain would be admitted into the

Common Market , many missed one ofthe most impor tant points of the Summit Meet ing in The Hague.Clearly, the members of the Common

Market nat ions had met to discuss wayand means of fu rthering closer unityamong the EEC members in as manydifferent areas as possible - especiallyin the political sphere .Al ready, the Common Market has

knocked down most of the tariff barriersbetween member nat ions. Furthermorethe very difficult common agriculturalpolicy is in the process of being hammered out.But, in spite of these important steps

the member states of the Common Market know they will forever remain impotent - with no real voice in worldaff

Documents

Plain Truth 1970 (Prelim No 02) Feb_w