Plain Truth 1971 (Prelim No 11) Nov_w

7/28/2019 Plain Truth 1971 (Prelim No 11) Nov_w

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Robert P.,Oxford, England

NO. 11

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PLAIN TRUTH

Associate EditorsWill iam Dankenbring Gene H. HogbergVern L. Farrow Paul W . KrollDavid Jon H ill Eugene M. Wa lterRegional Editors: U. K. : Raymond F. McN air ;Aust.: C. Wayne Cole; S. Africa: Robert E.Fahey; Germ any: Frank Schnee; Ph ilippines:Art hur Docken; Switzerland : Colin Wi lkins;Latin America : Enrique Ruiz.Contribut ing Editors : Gary L. Alexander, D ibarK. Apartian, Robert C. Boraker , Cha rles V.Doroth y, J ack R. Ell iott , Guna r Freibergs, Robert E. Gentet, Ernest L. Marti n, Ge rhar d O.Marx, L. Leroy Neff, Richard F. Plache. Richard H. Sedliacik, Lynn E. Torrance, BasilWolverton, Clin t C. Zimmerman.

J ames \Y,f. Robin son, Cop), Edit orJohn Susco, A rt Editor

Research Sta ff: Dexter H. Fau lkn er, Donald D .Schroeder, Coordinators; Karl Karlov, Pau lO .Knedel , Clifford Marcussen, David Price, Rodney A. Repp, W . R. Whikeh art.Photograph)': No rman A. Smith , Di rector;Joseph Clayton , Assistant Directo r: Lyle Christopherson , Howa rd A. Cla rk, Frank Clarke,David Conn . Sam Duncan, j erry J . Gentey, IanHenderson. John G. Kilburn , Joh n Portune,Eugene Smyda , Dave Verell, \Y,farren \Y,fatson.A rt Department: Th omas Hawort h , Ron Lepeska, Roy Lepeska. W illiam S. Schuler, HerbertA. Vierra, .lr.. Monte Wolverton, Robb Woods.

Albert J . Portune, 8 " Jine11ManagerCircnlatio n ManagerJ: U. S. A.: John H. W ilson; U. K. : Charles F. Hunting ; Cana da: DeanW ilson ; Austral ia : Gene R. Hughes; Ph ilippines : Guy L. Ames; South Af rica: Gordon R.Terblanche.YOUR SUBSCRIPTI ON has been pa id byothers. Bulk copies for dist ribution not giv en orsold.ADDRESS COMMUNICATIONS to the Editor at thenearest address below:United States: P. O. Box 111, Pasadena, Ca lifornia 91109.Canada: P. O . Box 44, Sta tion A, Vancouver1, B. C.Mexico: Ins tituc ion Ambassador, Apart ado Postal 5-595, Mexico 5, D . F.Uni ted Ki ngdom and Europe: P. O. Box II I ,St. Albans, Herts. , England.South A frica: P. O. Box 1060, Johannesburg .Australia and Sou theast Asia: P. O. Box 345,North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia.New Zealand: P. O. Box 2709 , Auckl and 1,New Zealand.T he Philippines: P.O . Box 1111, Makat i, RizalD-708Registered in Austral ia for transmission by postas a book.SECOND CLASS POSTAGE paid at Pasadena, Ca lifornia, and at add itional mail ing offices.Entered as SECON D CLASS matter at Manil aPost Office on March 16, 1967. Registered inAust ral ia for tran smission by post as a book.

MANAGING EDITORArthur A. Ferdig

EDITO RH ERB ERT W. ARM STRONG

a m ag a z in e o f un d er . t an d in g

EXECUTIVE EDITORGarner Ted ArmstrongSEN lOR EDITORSHerman L. HoehRoderick C. Meredith

November 1971VOL. XXXVIPublished monthly at 300 West Green St.,Pasadena . Cal ifornia 91105; Radlett , England ;and No rth Sydne y, Austral ia, by AmbassadorCollege. French, Dutch and German edi tionspublished at Rad lett, England; Span ish editionat Big Sandy, Texas. 1971 Ambassador cetlege. All rights reserved ,

IF YOU would like to share you rcomments with ou r readers, directyou r letters to The PLAIN TRUTH,What Our Readers Say, P. O. Box111, Pasadena, Cal ifornia 91109.Space will not all ow al l commentsto be published, but we will doou r best to se lect those that may beof spec ia l interest to ou r readers.

"Please ext end my compliments to Mr.Charles Vinson for his wonderful article'Bread - The Broken Staff of Life' in theAugust is sue of The PLAIN TRUTH. It isthe mos t informative piece of recent nutritional literature to come across my desk!"I am a home economist working withyoung people and am quite aware of thenecess ity of teach ing good nut ri tion anddietary habits. Mr . Vinson's article is apersonal inspiration to me, and will serveas a valuable teaching resource."

Barbara W . B.,Andalusia, Alabama"The attack on whi te b read is unwarranted. Var ious authori ties and experiments cited are either biased or inconclusive in the extreme. White bread asit is made and sold in Canada and inthe United States contains B vi tamins andiron in the amounts laid down by the

Canadian Food and Drug Directorate andthe U. S. Food and Drug Administration.There is plenty of whol e wheat bread(Continued on page 48)

A Gre at Loaf of Bread!"For 13 months now I've been bakingbread for my husband and myself. And forthose 13 months we have striven to find a

way to obtain nice, even textured, high andgood tasting bread . . . sometimes we'd gettwo or three of the character is tics but notall."This week I baked bread as usual following the r ec ipe by Stig R. Erlander andLeatrice G. Erlander (in The PLAINTRUTH) and the bread came ou t nice,evenly textured, good-tasting and high!"

Bob & Anna c.,Downey, Calif.

"I have just completed my third readingof Richard Gipe's very stimulating articlein the August (1971) issue entitled 'WhyPeople Commit Suicide.' And I have foundit even more exciting than before!"R. Farrell,Brooklyn, N. Y.

emotional problems. Even among professionals, it's dismaying to hea r the ir ignorant comments about emotional problems.So - emphasize help for those who haveemotional problems to work them out before they r each the point of despair !"Mrs . Sharon W.,S. Milwaukee, Wisc.

READERS SAY

Art D. ,Co ral Gable, Fla.

Ernest H.,Djakarta, Indonesia

James S.,Dept. of Geological Sciences,University of Washington"I thoroughly enjoy your magazine eventhough you r subject treatment is prettymuch on the pessimistic side. Somewherein the back of my mind I remember someEnglish philosopher stat ing once that thepessim ist is far c los er to the tru th than theop timist . So . . . continue telling it like itis."

Italy and Ethiopia" I enjoyed reading your interestingarticle 'Italy and Ethiopia - Old TiesRenewed' in the September '71 issue ofThe PLAIN TRUTH."Since you evidently did a bi t ofresearch before writing the ve ry wel l wri tten arti cl e, I wonder if you would tell mewher e I might find a good history of Ethi op ia and Abyss inia with particular reference to the early visitation made by thePortuguese and Italians when theseunusual people became Christians ratherthan Jews or Moslems."

"W e have benef it ted great ly from thear ticles on conservation and the pressingenvironmental problems which the worldis facing today. Although we still find ourselves much at odds with some of thepolit ical and rel igious opinions put forthby The PLAIN TRUTH , we appreciatethe op po rtu nity to see the other side ofth e story."Thank you very much for yourtrouble."

tflJatOur

Ethiopia, by Jean Doresse, Published byG. P. Putnam's Sons. Copyright 1959,N.Y.C., N .Y.Compassion for EmotionalProblems"My husband sent for your magazineTh e PLAIN TRUTH about six months agoand for t he mos t par t, I've enjoyed it , andhave been thrilled by the informationabout current day events and issues. Aboutyou r ar ti cl e in the August issue 'WhyPeople Commit Suicide,' for t he most part,it is good, but I feel that more emphasis

should have been on the relationship ofemotional i llness in suicida ls . Let 's have alittle more compassion for the person with

General Comments"I am writing to say how much I appreciate your publications, and to say howuseful and how beneficial to their readers Ifeel that they must be. I confess that, as anOxford University l ec tu rer, I would normally tend to distrust information presented in the popularising style you use ,bu t I recognize that it is p recise ly this stylewhich enables you to 'get through' to theaverage reader - and I am indeed happyto receive the informa tion which liesbehind the style."


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Personalfrom

LOOK Magazine Dies . . . The Secret ofThe PLAIN TRUTWS Amazing Vi tal ity .

I NSTEAD OF BEING the Editor of the muchalive and virile PLAIN TRUTH,besides my many other heavy responsibilities, I mighthave been out of a job this month.I might have been an executive on LOOK magazine.

LOOK folded on October 19th. LOOK was owned andpublished by Cowles Communications, Inc. The parentpublication of the Cowles organization is the DesMoines Register, often rated as one of the ten greatnewspapers of the United States.Having, as a young man, chosen journalism and advertising

as what I then expected to be a life profession, I was giving theDes Moines Register some serious compet it ion in 1911. I was inmy freshman year in advertising - in want ads - on the DesMoines Daily Capital. I was getting $8 per week. The want admanager of the Register, Ivan Coolidge, tried to stop the competition by offering me $10 per week. I then took my uncle'sadvice by rejecting the offer, considering that I was sacrificingthe extra $2 per week to learn the lesson of "staying with it " one of the seven laws of success.

Thirteen years later, in 1924, when I was considerably moreexperienced, Forrest Geneva of the Register insistently urged meto .. assume the advertising management of the Register. I>declined. Since the area of my experience in journalism andadvertising had developed more in the magazine field than newspapers , I probably would have gravitated over into LoOK when

it was founded, had I joined the Cowles organization.The demise of LOOK, therefore, had a singular interest to me.But the magazine cemetery has received a number of othermass-circulation magazines since World War II , among them

another that I had personal contact with on two occasions The Saturday Evening Post. I t ceased publication in January1969.When I was a boy eight years old, like, I presume, many of

my older readers, I was a Saturday Evening Post "salesman."From a canvas strap over one shoulder hung a canvas bag, wi th

In This Issue:W ha t Our ReadersSay Inside Front CoverPersonal fr om the Editor . . . . .How Does Television ViolenceAffect Your Child? 3Advance News 7Middle East - Year-EndTENSIONS MOUNT 9A United States of ArabNations - Can It Becomea Rea lliy? 76Must America Prepare for the" GREAT DROUGHT" of

the 1970's? 21You Can Lose W eight 27TV Log 32Radio Log 33Mysticism and the Occul t ... . 36What You Can Do 41Tito's Yugoslavia: KeyNation in Europe's "SoftUnderbelly" 43

President Anwar becameActing President ] a . " eath ofPresident Gamal AD el ' Nasser inSeptember 1970. He was subseq uently chosen by the National Assemblyas Nasser's successor - a moveconfirmed by plebiscite. Sada t is oneof the few survivors of the nineyoung Egyp tian army offi cers whoplotted the overt hr ow of the rnonarchy in 1952. Originally from thelittle village of Mi t Abou al-Kom,in lower Egypt, at 53 he has becomeEgypt's undisputed strong man.


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~ O r o a r i S H O l U ~ n .COmpam ' I.. '' ' '' '

the words printed, "The Saturday Even-ing Post, Founded by Benj. Franklin."But much later, there was another per

sonal contact. I t was in 1919 or 1920.I was a Publishers' Representative, withmy own office in Chicago's downtown"Loop." I had the advertising representation of a string of magazines.In those days the Curtis Publishing

Company of Philadelphia, publishers ofthe "POST,"as well as The Ladies' HomeJournal, was regarded as not only thelargest , but the number one efficiencyorganization in the publi cation industry.There was its legendary publisher Cyrus

The PLAIN TRUTI-I

MAGAZINE GRAVEYARD These five mojor magazinesha ve ceased publication since1950.

H. K. Curtis, and Editor George HoraceLorimer. This giant company made asurvey of advertising agencies in Chicagoto find the two most promising youngPubli shers' Representatives as prospective members of The Saturday EveningPost staff. I was one of the two recommended by the many advertising agencies.

In those days I frequently soughtcounsel and advice from Mr. ArthurReynolds, then President of the hugeContinental and Commercial NationalBank (now the Continental IllinoisNational), largest bank in America out-

November 1971side New York, and second largestnational bank in the country. I hadknown Mr. Reynolds since he had beenPresident of the Des Moines Na tionalBank. A secretary quickly brought hima file on the Curtis Publishing Compay.Mr. Reynolds scanned the file

quickly, advised me against acceptingthe flattering Curtis offer. He said, ineffect, "It would probably take someyears before you would get close to anyof the very top officials. You are nowthe biggest stone in a small puddle, andthere you would be a tiny pebble in abig lake. The Curtis people do notpromote men rapidly, and they paycomparatively small salaries, because oftheir reputation at the top of their field.You are learning more, and have a farbetter future where you are."So, had I not taken the advice ofChicago's number one banker , I might

have been looking for a new job in January, 1969. The folding of the POST hitthe publishing world like a bombshell.Curtis Publishing liked to claim thatthe "Post" was founded by BenjaminFranklin. It had a mass circulation of6,400,000 copies when it was put in themagazine graveyard .Other important mass-circulation

magazines to go under since WorldWar II (SINCE TELEVISION) were TheAmerican Magazine, circulation 2,800,000, founded 1876, ceased publication1957; Colliers, circulation 4,179,000,existing from 1888 to 1957; and theIVoman's Home Companion, circulation4,288 ,800, from 1873 to 1957 - allthree owned by Crowell-Collier.

The chief assassin of these magazineswas television. Since World War II,television has been getting more andmore of the national advertising dollar.But that's not the only reason.Meanwhile, another magazine has

been having a steady, healthy, and important rise from the smallest "magazine" ever published, and now a masscirculation magazine of more than2,000,000 copies worldwide - ThePLAIN TRUTH .There are REASONS.There is, I repeat, a CAUSE for every

effect.Next month I hope to continue this

subject and give you some surprisingfacts. 0


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4swnmary findings contained in a reportpresented at the American PsychologicalAssociation Convention in WashingtonD. C, prepared in conjunction with theU. S. Surgeon General's Advisory Committee. According to various reportsfor the committee, there is increasingscientific evidence suggesting that children are using television violence as"a partial guide for their own actions. . . . Such an effect has now been shownin a wide variety of situations ."

It has already been reported by theNational Commission on the Causesand Prevention of Violence that teleVISIOn violence encourages similarbehavior in children of disadvantagedor disorganized families.The Liebert-Baron summary, reported

at the American Psychological Convention, shows that normal, averageyoungsters appear to exhibit similarbehavior patterns.

"At least under some circumstances,repeated exposure to televised aggression can lead children to accept whathitherto they have seen as a partialguide for their own actions," the twoprofessors stated.Two other recent reports agree with

the above findings. One of them, bytwo University of Wisconsin researchers, agreed that "several recent fieldstudies funded by the National Insti tuteof Mental Health appear to indicatesome correlation between television violence and the tendencies to behaveaggressively."In another federally sponsored study

by two Pennsylvania State Universityprofessors , the conclusion was that"there are behavioral effects associatedwith viewing violence. . . . Such viewinghas an impact not only on aggressivebehavior but also on self control."In view of these and similar findings,

it is shocking to find that children andadolescents are the heaviest viewers ofthis powerful force.

The Omnipresent Television SetMany preschoolers are practically

weaned on TV - spending in somecases more than half of their wakingtime with eyes glued to the televisionscreen. As a result, television is becoming the new teacher, implanting in tiny

The PLAIN TRUTHchildren their first and lasting impression of the outside world.By the time the average American

child reaches adolescence he will havespent twice as many hours watching television as he has sitting behind his schooldesk. He'll have had 22,000 hoursof television "instruction," as opposedto 11,000 hours worth of schoolinstruction.

Even before he reaches age five hewill already have spent more time infront of a television than the averagestudent in a liberal arts program spendsin the classroom throughout his entirefour years of college attendance.And what will make up his TV diet?In one of the first major British sci

entific studies inquiring into the impactof television on children, it was foundthat children favored adult TV programs - especially crime thrillers. Thegirls, quite unexpectedly , seemed asmuch interested in crime and detectiveprograms as the boys. Small childrenparticularly liked western shoot-em-ups.Just how violent are these television

shows?Many program surveys have been

taken to find out how much violenceoccurs on TV during prime-time television hours ( the time when mostpeople, including children, will bewatching television).In a Washington, D.C. survey, three

major television networks were surveyed

November 1971to determine how much violence wouldbe viewed in one week between 3 :00p.m. and 11 :00. During this span oftime there were 113 shootings, 92stabbings, 168 beatings, 9 stranglings,and 179 other specific acts of violenceperpetrated before the television audience. There was one specific act ofviolence every 17.9 minutes , a killingevery 43.8 minutes.

Another shocking survey was conducted by the Christian Science Monitorshortly after the assassination of U. S.Senator Robert Kennedy . In 85Yz hoursof programming during prime-time television viewing hours, 84 killings werewitnessed.Most of the violent incidents

occurred between 7:30 p.m. and 9 :00p.m. when 26.7 million childrenbetween 2 and 17 were viewing television . There was a violent incidentevery 16.3 minutes and a murder orkilling once every 31 minutes!By the time the average Americanchild reaches age 14 he will have

witnessed the violent destruction ofover 13,000 human beings on television! His TV diet will have beenfilled with thousands of bodily assaultsof one man against another. He'll havewitnessed thousands of violent crimesand seen countless numbers of belligerent acts.Some social scientists say it doesn't

matter. They claim there is no proofthat TV violence has any real effect on


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November 1971children. Others say "We need more refined research on the subject." Stillanother point of view is: "The effectiveness of television in teaching eithergood or bad is not known."But then why do advertisers spend 2Yz

billion dollars a year for TV advertisingbelieving that television CAN and DOESinfluence people?

No t Enough Research?Dr. Harry J. Skornia, professor of

radio and television at the Un iversity ofIllinois, discussed the research done onthe effect of the mass media in theSpring 1970 issue of Better Rad io andTelevision , published by the Nat ionalAssociation for Better Broadcasting.He said there have been some five

thousand studies in 40 countries on filmresearch alone during the last 50 years.And in the last 10 years the largestnumber of research projects and experi ments have been done specifically fortelevision - more than on any othermedium of communication or educational innovation.

The Payne StudiesSome dozen studies into the effects of

viewing films on children were conducted between 1929 and 1932 by thePayne Fund. These Payne studies resulted in 10 published volumes by Macmillan in 1935. The studies, just asapplicable today, since many of the samekinds of films are now shown on television, measured and recorded the effectsof viewing various types of movie filmson sleep, social attitude and behavior,emotional responses, standards of moral ity, and delinquency and crime.One interesting side note of the

Payne studies - which also points uphow much TV can teach and influencechildren - was this:"The Payne Fund studies concluded

that showing heroes and heroines smoking and drinking in films and programswas probably more effective in promoting these behavior patterns than anysuch direct or intended approach ascommercials or advertising."In fact, one spokesman for the

movie industry at that time boasted thatHollywood movies, with their insistenceon showing drinking as socially acceptable and usefully relaxing, was prob-

The PLAIN TRUTHably more responsible than any othersing le pressure in bringing about the repeal of prohibiti on. The example set byrespected celebrities provided an important example to the nation of 'whatpeople do.' ''In 1961 UNESCO listed 491 studies

from the major countri es of the worldin an annotated international bibliography entitled, T he Inf luence of theCinema on Children and Adolescents.Nearly a thousand sources were cited either directly or indirectly.The Army, Navy and Air Force have

done over 100 carefu lly documentedstudy projects, revealing the effectiveness of TV and films as an ideal mediumfor teaching individual physical assaultand defen se tactics, techniques of violence, and the use of weapons ofviolence.The Ford Foundation's Fund for the

Advancement of Education supportedexperimen tal projec ts in some 800schools, proving TV's str iking effectiveness as compared to any other mediumof instruction in teaching virtually anysubject in the curriculum to children ofvarious age groups.According to Dr. Skornia, "The most

all-encompassing single finding fromeducational television research has beenthat in almost all proj ects there hasbeen 'no significant difference' betweenwhat thou sands of students learn fromTV (of ten from single teachers or program series) and what they learn fromface-to-face conventional teaching."Thousands of individuals can now

learn life-saving (or life-destroying orsafe-cracking) as well from TV as theywould be able to learn from the thousands of individual teachers (or gangsters) that would be required forconventional teaching."And summing up all the research,

which unquestionably shows how effective television is in teaching, Dr.Skornia said, "Judged by those criteriawhich educators find useful in predicting effectiveness in teaching, theprincipal characters in westerns, crimeand private-eye series, situation comedies, and other popular TV programswould seem to rate fairly high in teaching effectiveness."There is considerable evidence or

danger that what these individuals dem-

5onstrate regularly will, by all validlearning theory criteria, be learned. Tobelieve that all or most of these attractive, admired characters, often usingand illustrating techniques of physicalviolence, revenge, burglary, escape,fighting, and do-it-yourself justice, areunsuccessful as teachers, failing to teachwhat they demonstrate, is directly atvariance with what we know about television's superiority, specifically for demonstration purposes in teaching specificskills and behavior."

Results of Laboratory ResearchLeading social scientists like Dr. AL-

bert Bandura, professor of psychology atStanford, Dr. Leonard Berkowitz, professor of psychology at the University ofWisconsin, and others, have conductedlaboratory experiments specifically forthe purpose of evaluating the impact oftelevised aggression on children.For instance, Dr. Bandura designed

a series of experiments using nurseryschool children averaging 2 years and3 months of age.The children were divided into four

different groups. One group witnessed areal-life adult model kick, punch andbeat on the head with a mallet a fivefoot Bobo doll.A second group witnessed an adultmodel beat up the Bobo doll on film.

The third group watched a movie, projected through a television console, thatalso showed an adult model beating upthe Bobo doll, but this time the adultwas costumed as a cartoon cat. Thefourth group (the control group) didn'tsee any aggressive models.After this viewing, each child was

individually taken to a room which contained a Bobo doll, aggressive toys dart guns and a mallet like the one usedby the adult model, and nonaggressivetoys - tea sets, crayons, coloring paper,dolls, cars, trucks and plastic farmanimals .

The children witnessing the adeltmodel attack the Bobo doll - li ve, onfilm and on television - sh owed almost twice as much aggression as thecontrol group. The group seeing themodel attack the doll tended to IMITATEthe same type of violent aggression. Thedifference in arousing aggression of the


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6various viewing conditions - live,film, or TV - was negligible.From this experiment two basic con

clusions were reached. The experienceof seeing violence tended to reduce thech ild 's inhibitions against acting in aviolent manner. Secondly, the experience helped shape the form of thechild's aggressive behavior .D r. Leonard Berkowitz and otherleading social scientists have reachedsimilar conclusions through their laboratory research.After careful study of all such avail

able research, the National Commissionon the Causes and Prevention of Violence was moved to warn : "We believeit is reasonable to conclude that a constant diet of violent behavior on television has an adverse effect on humancharacter and at ti tudes. Violence ontelevision encourages violent forms ofbehavior , and fosters moral and socialvalues about violence in daily lifewhich are unacceptable in a civilizedsociety."Yet even after all of these test results

controversy still rages. A high -levelgroup, the Surgeon General's ScientificAdvisory Committee on Television andSocial Behavior, had to be appointed tofurther investigate the impact of televison violence on the behavior ofchildren.

The majority of researchers assignedby the Surgeon General's AdvisoryCommittee to investigate the effects oftelevision violence are tentatively reaching the same conclusions- that TVviolence encourages violent forms ofbehavior.Noted researchers J. R. Dominick

and Bradely S. Greenberg report intheir research, Girls' A tti tudes towardVi olence as Related to TV Exp osure,Family Attitudes, and Social Class(1971 ) , said that : "The greater the levelof exposure to TV violence, the morethe child was will ing to use violence, tosuggest it as a solution to conflict, andto perceive it as effective."Said researchers McLeod, Atkin and

Chaffee in Adolescents, Parents, and Tele-vision Use ( 1971), ". . . the more thechild watches violent television fare, themore aggressive he is likely to be asmeasured by a variety of self-reportmeasures."

Th e PLAIN TRUTHDr. Robert M. Liebert, Department

of Psychology, State University of NewYork at Stony Brook, and Dr. Robert A.Baron, Department of Psychology, Purdue University, in a report to the 1971American Psychological AssociationConvention , mentioned that sixteen outof eighteen experimental stud ies from"seven of the eight research teams,present evidence which supports thehypothesis that viewing aggression caninstigate subsequent aggression amongobservers."

TV Violence Is HarmfulBut let us ask ourselves some com

monsense questions . Do we want ourchildren to murder someone ? Or evento learn how to murder someone? Ofcourse not. No normal parent would.Then why allow your child to watchsomeone else get murdered ? Why letyour child experience the vicarious participation in a murder on television?Why fill a child's mind - and yoursfor that matter - with killing and allmanner of violence?Said Dr . Frederick Wertham, a psy

chiatrist who is reputed to be theworld 's leading authority on humanviolence, in the October 1962, Ameri-can Journal of Psychiatry, "The relentless commercialism and the sur feit ofbrutality, violence and sadism has madea profound impression on susceptibleyoung people. The result is a distortionof natural attitudes in the direction ofcynicism, greed, hostility, callousnessand insensitivity."Over fifteen years ago Dr. Wertham

warned that young people were goingto commit more and more serious andviolent crimes.He was right. Today there is a spiral

ing rise of violent crimes committed byyoung people. There has been a 300%increase in robbery arrests among 10- to14-year-olds between 1958 and 1970.And more than 50% of all FBI-indexedcrime is committed by teen-agers under18.Is there any connect ion between these

facts and our TV viewing habits?The reader can form his own con

clusions. I t is, however , very dangerousto assume that such a powerful mediumas television would have no effect on a

November 1971very impressionable entity thehuman mind.Does all this mean a person should

yank the television cord out of the wallsocket or take an axe to the TV set ?No, not necessarily.The television set of itself is not

the problem. It only receives whatbroadcasters choose to sell and au-diences choose to watch. Nor is teleVISIOn the only media source forviolence. But it is unquestionably thelargest and most influential source.

The TV industry cannot be heldsolely responsible for television violenceeither. The television industry is very attuned to audience ratings. Afte r all,there does have to be a certain amountof demand for it by the TV audience.Witness those who got so vehementlyangry when parts of their favoriteshoot-em-up western was pre-emptedby an important announcement concerning the American nation . Theyveritably stormed the network by phonebecause of it.

What You Can DoThe way to protect your chi ldren

from watch ing so much violence ontelevision is to be more selective inthe programs YOU watch.Prog rams that glamorize crime and

emphasize illicit sex, cruelty and violence, should obviously be eliminatedfrom your home viewing . Crime and violence should never be accepted as amajor theme of a program for children,or even adults for that matter.Along with being selective about

what you and your household watch onTV , be sure to watch programstogether. Scienti fic studies show it's actually best if parents watch TV withtheir children, especially small children.When parents watch television withtheir children and comment on fallaciesor wrong actions which sometimes creepinto "good" programs, the effect ofthese fallacies and wrong actions onchildren is minim ized. Remember, manyso-called "f amily" programs are filledwith various forms of rebellion, disrespect for authority, and lying. Children should not be allowed to assumethat this sort of conduct is acceptable.Another important television viewing

(Continued on page 47)


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advancenewsin the wake of today's WORLD EVENTS

Russia's New Influence With JapanWhile the world has watched the recent thaw in rela

tions between China and America, the Soviet Union andJapan have quietly been improving their own ties.

Russia is using the vast mineral-l aden expanse of Siberiato entice Japanese industry. And Japan has shown considerable interest in this new source of raw materials, especiallynow that she finds herself becoming isolated by Washingtonand continually harassed by Chinese accusations of "revivingmilitarism."

Plans for increased cooperation with Russia in exploitingSiberian natural gas and oil have been announced. The Soviets, in addition, would like Japan to build an oil pipelinefrom Irku tsk to the eastern port of Nakhodka, but Tokyo hasnot yet responded to this proposal.

Japan , which has to impo rt almost all her vital resourceneeds, has long eyed Siberia's extensive wealth. But Russiahad been stalling Japan's economic desires in Siberia for anumber of years. World conditions continue to change, however, and so does Soviet foreign policy. Russia has been watching the U. S. warm up to the Kremlin's dreaded neighbor,China. The thought of a Sino-American non-aggression pactsends chills down the backs of Kremlin leaders.

Moscow, furt hermore, has anxiously been watching thegrowing rif t in U. S.-Japanese relations. The Soviet press istaking all opportunities to attack the U. S. and China asbeing ant i-Japanese. It appears that as Washington's influence continues to decline in Tokyo, the Kremlin's influencewill improve somewhat. Behind the Berlin Agreement

Why, after over two decades of a Cold War stalemate,has progress on a Berl in settlement finally been made?

In the eyes of most seasoned observers the decisionsreached during the recent four-power Berlin talks were notreally all that significant, though they will probably go along way toward easing the tensions plaguing the formerGerman capital since the end of World War II.

One very significant factor about the Berlin negotiationswas who was doing the talking, not so much what was said.The th ree ruling powers in West Berlin - United States,Britain and France - did litt le of the actual negotiating onthe part of the West. The brunt of the negotiating with theRussians and East Germans was handled by West Germany.

West Germany has come a long way since her defeat inWorld War II. She is presently the most powerful nation,economically, in West ern Europe. Now Bonn is making itsweight felt on the diplomatic front. Most of West Germany'snew-found power has been exerted under the Chancellorshipof W illy Brandt, the former mayor of West Berlin.

The Berlin talks are only one part of ChancellorBrandt's Ost-Politik (Eastern Policy). Since his election asChancellor in 1969, Brandt has done everything possible tonormal ize relation s between West Germany and Russia andEast Germany. An agreement over Berlin has been one ofBrandt's prerequisites for closer relations between his countryand the Warsaw Pact nations.

It is unlikely that Brandt's desire, however earnest, couldhave been realized without a subsequent willingness on thepart of Moscow to cool the Berlin stalemate.

The Russians were unusually cooperative during the negotiations. They forced their East German partners to grantcertain concessions to the West Germans. West Berliners willagain be allowed to visit East Berlin and motorists travelingthe 110 miles from West Germany to West Berlin will nolonger be subjected to a search and extreme delays at bordercheck points .

One of the main factors responsible for the new Sovietspirit of cooperation is the continually escalating tensionbetween Moscow and Peking . Historically, Russia has alwaysstriven to avoid crises on "both fronts" - East and West at the same time. Hence the Soviet willingness to grantcertain concessions to the growing European Center dominated by West Germany. Should an actual shooting warerupt between Russia and China, Soviet strategists hope theirWestern flank in Europe will be secure.

A second key behind Russian change of heart is thefuture possibility of United States troop withdrawals fromWest European soil. The Kremlin feels that if it puts on afriendly face, both the U. S. and other NATO powers willbe more agreeable to such a pullout - probably under termsof an all-European "security" arrangement. Sato Government in the Balance?

A combination of pressures from Washington andPeking may well force basically pro -U. S. Japanese PrimeMiniste r Eisaku Sato to step out of office before his termexpires in late 1972. There is speculation that Mr. Sato -


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8 The PLAIN TRUTH November 1971who has served since 1964 - could be out of office by theend of this year.

Japanese-U. S. relat ions have been eroding for severalyears because of differences over trade, defense agreements,and return of former possessions, especially Okinawa.

Erosion in the U. S.-Japan alliance was of manageableproportions unti l President Nixon made his surpriseannouncement in mid-July that he would go to Peking toseek improved relations with the Peoples' Republic of China.Sato was not advised of this decision unti l minutes before thePresident's announcement.

To the Japanese Government, and especially to Sato personally, this was a degrading loss of face and disregard forSato's leadership. Part of the lack of communication wasprobably due to Washington being miffed over Sato's failureto obtain more favorab le trade agreements, especially intextiles.

On top of th is, Communist China has refused to dealwith Sato or his mainstream party on grounds it is "too militaristic." The Chinese have expressed a st rong fear of revived Japanese mili tarism and dominance in Asia. Thisattitude on China's pa rt - plus Sato's continued support forNationalist China - has made it difficult for the Sato Government to achieve any headway toward improving relationswith mainland China.

Many Japanese have long wanted to normalize relationswith Communist China but have been restrained from doingso for fear of antagonizing the Uni ted States, Japan's chieftrading ally as well as her military pro tector.

But now that President Nixon has sudden ly decided tocircumvent consultations with Japan in his dealings withPeking, there is a growing resentment and suspicion of U. S.foreign policy in Tokyo. Reported one Japanese official:

"All our suspicions of big-powerism are reawakened. I tused to be the United States and the Soviet Union decidingthe fate of the world. Now it looks as though the UnitedStates and China will decide the fate of Asia." Pipeline to Bypass Suez Canal

Egypt has reportedly begun construction on twin 42inch oil pipelines designed to link ports on the Gul f of Suezand the Mediterranean. The huge 210-mile-Iong systemwould effectively bypass the closed Suez Canal.

Serviced by tankers at both ends, the pipeline, called"Sumed," would cut tanker voyage time to Northwest Europeby 23 days and to Medi terranean ports by 35 days. Thisshould make for a substantial savings, of some 20 percent, inthe price of crude oil.

The Sumed line would provide competition for theEilat-Ashkelon pipeline already in existence across rivalIsrael.

The twin pipelines will have an initial capacity of 80million tons of crude annually and are expected to yieldEgypt some $130 million per year, equivalent to half the SuezCanal's annual tolls . With the later addition of pumping stations, the capacity of the lines is expected to increase to 120

million tons per year. This would amount to well over onethi rd the amount of oil imported by Europe from the MiddleEast in 1970.

The work is being financed by a consortium of government and private participants from Europe, Japan, the Arabstates and two U. S. oil companies. This is illustrative of thetremendous significance these governments and companies attach to continual and unrestricted flow of oil from theMiddle East to the various users. It is also indicative of thefact that many of these participants doubt the possibility ofan accord on the Canal between Egypt and Israel in the nearfuture.

Most important however, this major pipeline may eventually provide Egypt with needed leverage vis-a-vis oil importing Western Europe and even the U. S. in her quest forwhat she considers a favorable Middle East settlement. The Eritrean Crisis

Twelve hundred miles south of the Suez Canal, a highstakes guerrilla war is raging in Eritrea - Ethiopia'sfourteenth province.

The troubles in Eritrea indicate divisions that may embroil other parts of Ethiopia after the reign of the 78-year-oldEmperor, Haile Selassie, ends. Selassie has held this restless,undeveloped empire together by the force of his own will andpersonality. He has maintained Ethiopia as a pro-Westernbastion despite attempted Communist infiltration into theMiddle East and North Africa .

Ever since 1962 when Ethiopia incorporated Eritrea asthe 14th province of the Empire , a move that displeased manyArabic Eritreans, a radical organization, the Eritrean Liberation Front , has been fighting the Ethiopian army.

The trouble has now reached such proportions that theEthiopian government is currently devoting 15,000 of its 40,OOO-man army to the hunt for guerrillas in the province.

The ELF's announced political goals have been identified with pan-Arab, anti-Zionist aspirations, including the demand that the Red Sea should become an "Arab Lake."Osman Sabbe, secretary general and chief foreign spokesmanfor the ELF, has told American and Arab journalists on several occasions: "We are committed to a truly independent andArab Eritrea."

At stake in this struggle is the control of the southernentrance to the Red Sea. The Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, only 10miles wide off the Eritrean coast, controls shipping that is ofvital importance to Europe's industrial needs.

America's last base on the entire African continent isalso at stake. The army's Kagnew base in Asmara, the capitalof Eritrea, is a $70 million military -communications centerwith some 4,000 servicemen and dependents.

Most dangerous of all could be a possible extension ofthe Arab-Israeli war. Israel offers technical assistance - including a police t raining program - in anti-guerrilla activities to the Ethiopian government. In contrast, the chiefsupporters of the ELF are the Arab countries most hostile toIsrael.


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Israe l Press an d Photo Agency

by Raouf EI Gammal andPaul Kroll

EGYPTIAN President Sadat has strong

oJ ly indicated that Israel must bedriven out of occupied territory

BE FORE the end of 1971.In a three-and-a-half-hour marathon

speech last July, Sadat put it bluntly :"The year 1971 is the decisive year inour battle and the occupation must end ,one way or the other. We have to makethe decision but must all bear theresponsibility and the consequences . . .We have to organi ze ourselves so thatour blow to the enemy would bedoubled."

With approximately two months leftbefore January, 1972, Sadat's apocalyp-

tic announcements take on excruciatingimportance.I t may be only so much rhetoric-

but such statements put another Arab ina pol itical vise in 1967 . The Arab wasNasser and the year was the year of theSix Day War.

Sadat's blistering ultimatum couldforce him to trigger another round ofMiddle East War. He is whipping upthe Egyptian populace to war fever - afever which may not be healed if thereis no solution by January 1972. One recen t nationwide television and radiospeech by Sadat employed the followingOld Testament-like decrees:

"When I say, an eye for an eye, atooth for a tooth , death for death andnapalm strike for napalm strike, I mean

what I say. I am prepared to sacrificeone million martyrs. But Israel shouldknow that it too will have to sacrificeone million."

All reports in the Arab press stronglymagnify the seriousness of such statements. Mohammed Hassanen Heikal, amost influential journalist in the ArabWorld, has said over and over again,that the Middle East conflict will besolved either through peace or war bythe end of 1971 .

Only once has Sadat subdued hismelancholy statements . He told theclosing session of the Egyptian Congress: "I am not saying that our way tovictory must be fully covered this year.But I say that this year must and willwitness our practical movement towards


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10 The PLAI N TRUTH November 1971

Wid e Wor ld PhotoALONG THE SUEZ CANAL: From a sand-bagged bunker, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat looks a t Israe li posi tions on the occupied east bank ofth e Suez Cana l.

removing the traces of the Israeli aggression on the basis of the principles andattitudes we have declared, whatever theeffort and sacrifice."Even then, depending on how one

interprets the statement, there is li tt le inthe way of optimism to dig out of sucheither-or utterings.Egyptian Wa r Minister, Sadek, has

also been stumping the countryside withflaming speeches. To the troops on thecanal he said, "The time of battle hasapproached, there is no substitute forthe battle. I f the enemy strikes deepinto Egypt, we will strike back withoutmercy."Elsewhere, in another round of

speech making, Sadek threatened, "W ehave no alternative now but to liberateour occupied lands."

Other Arab Posi tionsWhat about the stance of other Arab

Federation members Syria andLibya ? Syria has been strangely quietabout the situation. Perhaps it is herclose proximity and extreme vulnerabil-

ity that keeps any pronouncements to ahardly audible whisper.The Libyans are further away andperhaps can afford more bravado. As

Libyans went to the polls in Septemberto vote for the constitution of the Federation of Arab Republics, they weretold by their President Qaddafi: "Asyou march to the polls today, you marchto Golan and the West Bank, to themosque of AI-Aqsa and to Jerusalem."

At the moment, Eg ypt is the pivotpoin t. I f Sadat takes his nation to war,then the rest may well be forced to fol low. However, Sadat himself is beingsqueezed in a pressure vise.Libya's Qaddaffi, further from the

front, is exerting great pressure onSadat to resume hostiliti es. Internally,the army is feeling its Soviet oats, in theform of billions of dollars of equipment. Sadat has quoted his officers aspleading with him to give the order tocross the canal.Meanwhile, King Hussein of Jordan

called for a Security Council meetingat the United Na tions to discuss the

Jerusalem question . Israel is accused ofdriving the Arab population out ofJerusalem, to secure a Jewish majorityin the city.

Th e king has also called for an endto alleged Israeli attempts to change theethnic, cultural and physical characterof Jerusalem . The Jerusalem dilemmacould become one of the stickiestproblems in future discussions.

Moscow: A Restraining Force?It is quite clear how the Egyptians

feel. Ironically, the Soviet Union is amajor restraining force on Egypt. TheKremlin has made it per fectly clear thatits commitment to Egypt does notextend to waging war against Israel onbehalf of the Arabs.On the one hand, Moscow has told

Egypt it would step in openly only ifthe Egyptian Heartland (w hatever thatmigh t be? ) were attacked. On the otherhand it is hold ing out new-found smilesto the Israelis.

Th e editor of the influent ial Egyptian newspaper Al-Abram, MohammedHeikal summed up the meaning of thispoli tical jockeying when he said,"Egypt no longer could count on thesupport of the Russians because Moscow fears that con fronta tion in theMiddle East would lead to a major warand war between the superpowers hasbecome an impossibili ty."But the Egyptians might try it any

way without further Soviet commitment.Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Dayanhas said he believes Egypt will go towar if a political settlement does notmaterialize by the end of the year.

Can Peace Be Found?Why both Arabs and Jews must be

pushed to the brink of war is in someways an enigma. The overall policy ofthe Arabs commits them to an eventualwar. Still officials - and pr ivate citizenson both sides - say they want peace andclaim that solutions can be found .This is perhaps the most humiliating

tragedy in a senseless, quarter century ofon-again-off-again war. Both sides wantpeace; both sides say they can livetogether. Yet, in spite of such claims and they go up to the highest officialson both sides - war seems to be thefinal crucible. 0


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To determine how leading Arabs and Israelis feel aboutthe Middle East conflict, PLAIN TRUTH Executive Editor, GarnerTed Armstrong, and staff members interviewed Arab and Israelidiplomats and political leaders at the United Nat ions and inJeru salem. Here are their comments.IIWe can withstand the onslaught ofA rab states - we did it three timesand we repelled them. But Soviet Russiais too much."- Gideon Hausner, member of Israelis Kne sset , former Attorney General of Israel

GIDEON HAUSNER, well-knownIsraeli legal expert, gained worldwideat tent ion as prosecuting attorney inthe Adolf Eichmann trial. Then At-torney General of Israel, Mr . Hausner wrote a book about the trial,Justice in Jerusalem. Hausner has beena member of the faculty of theHebrew University and is presentlyon its board of trustees. He is also amember of Israel's Knesset (parlia ment) representing the Independent

Liberal Party.

Q . Mr. Hausner, do you believe theJewish and Arab peoples can live together in harmony withou t continualantagonism in spite of e thnic and religious differences?A. Definitely. I grew up in this country long before these enmities arose.We were friends and there was understanding. I f left face-to-face, people-topeople, we can reach a solution easily.Q. Do you, then, believe that therewill eventually be direct negotiationsbetween your government and thatof Egyp t's P re si den t Sadat?A. I don't know whether it will bePresident Sadat. But it is obvious thatwe will ultimately have to sit downwith Egyptian representat ives, and ham-

mer out something acceptable to bothsides. Otherwise it will be an imposedsolution which will not last. Only anagreed solution can have a chance,something on the basis of give and take,of mutual compromises, of a new beginning. This cannot be imposed from theoutside; this must be done by free willof the states concerned.Q . Do you see any willingness on thepart of the Ar ab leadership for anysort of a compromise ?A. Not yet, but time will probablylead them to it. After all, they havealready tried so many different ways they have tried war; they failed. Theyhave tried guerrilla warfare against us;they failed. They didn't try out peaceyet. One day it will dawn on them thatit is the only way.

Q How does Israel regard theSoviet presence in Egypt? Is it amajor cause for worry?A. Yes, it is a cause of great anxiety.Of course, we cannot take on the SovietUnion . Thi s is something which NATOand the Western powers would have tothink about. We can withstand the onslaught of Arab states - we did itthree times and we repelled them. ButSoviet Russia is too much. I don't believe the Soviets will inter fere in theconflict directly with all their might . Of

course the weapons which are now inArab hands, or let us say at Arab callare very menacing.Q. How do you regard the currencease-fire along the canal? Is it acause for optimism about the neafuture?A. Yes, indeed. For nine or temonths now there has been no shootingacross the Suez Canal. Th is in itself ialready a new factor. I f allowed to extend, probably it will create better conditions for perhaps a furthe r extensionOf course, all these upheavals in thArab world are playing havoc. All thinternal difficulties with which President Sadat has to cope are not makingthings easier for him on the externafront because he has got to showstrong hand - that he didn't go sofon the so-called nationalistic issueOtherwise, people would think thahe's going soft on Israel. But so longas no shooting occurs there is a chancthat there will be no renewed warfarand this in itself is important.

And, of course, if there is no shooting there is always a chance that we wilbe able to sit down at long last and talkthings over reasonably.Q . Is there any role for the UnitedNations in affecting a peace settle-


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- Anwar Nusseiha , former Defense Minister of Jordan

IIWe are ready for a peaceful settlementwith Israel, provided that theIsraelis are w illing to withdraw fromthe terri tories they occupy."

12

ment and what about the bigpowers ?A. Much to our regret, the Uni tedNations is not yet powerful enough towithstand the pressures of a superpower. To be realistic, we think thatthe Soviets are here now, involved deeply enough, to be reckoned with. Therefore, some sort of understanding willprobably have to be reached between thetwo superpowers, provided that America - which is pleading our case - willhave the basic underst and ing of thoseminimum demands we voice, which arethe desires to live in security and peaceamong the nations .Q. The Arabs continua lly call fo rIsrael to rel inqui sh all occupied Arabterritory, of which they consider theOld City of Jerusalem a part. Meanwhile Israe l has made it plain that ithas no intention of ever giving up

ANlf'ltR NUSSEIBA, member of oneof the oldest and most respectedArab families in Jerusalem, is an out-standing political personality in theArab world. As a young Palestiniannationalist, in 1947, he was Secretaryof the Arab National League in Jeru-salem. In 1950 he became a memberof the first Jordanian Parliament.Since 1952 he has held key posts insuccessive cabinets} including Ministerof Defense during which time he alsoheld the portfolios of Education andDevelopment. From 1960 to 1962 hewas Governor of the Jordanian sectorof Jerusalem and from 1962 unti l hisresignation in 1967 he was the Jor-danian Ambassador in London. He is

currently living in Jerusalem.

Th e PLAIN TRUTHEast Jerusalem. Would you commenton this please?A. Jerusalem has been continuouslypopulated by Jews for the last threethousand years of recorded history. Theonly time - the only time - when wehad no access to the wailing wall, to oursynagogues there, to our shrines, werethe 20 years of Arab occupation. Andnot a single Jew could enter there unless he came on a foreign passport anddidn't disclose the fact that he wasJewish. Now that we are in control,there is perfect freedom of religion. Ithink we are taking very good care ofthe holy places. As a matte r of a fact,we asked the religious authorities ofvarious denominations to take over thecontrol of their holy shrines so thatthere will never, never again be a question that one religion is discriminatedagainst and is not allowed to pray there.

Q. Why is it that Arabs and Israelisare so fr iendly on a personal level andyet seem to have so many problems onthe national level?A. Arabs have nothing against theJews, either racially or religiously. Webelieve that we come from the sameroots and our religion is based on theJewish tradition. Therefore, as far aswe are concerned, there was never anyreason for any conflict between us andthe Jews. However, since the advent ofZionism, as we know it, and the creationof a Jewish enclave within a terri tory,which had been Arab, inhabited byArabs, for thousands of years, the conflict became entirely a political conflict.It caused the 1948 war, and, as a resultof it the country was divided. Thenthere was some fighti ng in 1956 and

November 1971Polit ically, for many decades now,

long before this state was established,there was a Jewish majority in Jerusalem. This city has now been united;the walls which divided the two parts ofit were removed. Economically I don'tthink that anybody lost by it. The Arabpopulation seems to have benefitedgreatly. We have waited 2,000 yearsto come back to Jerusalem. We havebeen praying three times a day for theLord to bring us back to Jerusalem.Now that He has, we won't give it back.Why should we ? Were others bettercustodians of the holy places than weare? Are we inferior to the Turks?To the British administration? To Jor dan? Should we go back two centuriesto the Egyptians, to the Mamelukes, tothe Byzantine Empire? There werewaves of states coming and going, ruling this Holy City. Did anyone of themaccount himself better than we did? 0

finally in 1967. But in spite of the fighting we still see no reason, under theright conditions, why Arabs and Jewsshould not be living together.We think that there is a great deal

to be gained from such co-existence. Inthe past, when we worked together in the heyday of our people - theArabs and the Jews together were ableto produce a great tradition, a greatculture, and a very great contribution tocivilization . We see no reason why thesame thing should not happen again,provided we can dissolve our politicalproblems.Q. I f Israel were to withdraw immediately to the 1967 borders would thatbring peace?A. According to my understanding ofthe statements of all the Arab leadersconcerned, yes! But such action must bewithin the context of the Security Council Resolution. In other words, in addition to withdrawal, there are other problems: the problem of the refugees, forinstance, and the problem of passagethrough international waterways.Q. As an Arab in this area, do youhave freedom of movement , f reedomof speech and freedom of commerce?A. I have never been interfered within any way, as far as expressing my


15/52

- Ezer Weizman, member of Israel's oppositionGahal party

"If war breaks out again between Israeland the Arabs, it's going to be a moresevere one, a tougher one, and I think alonger one than the Six Day War."

November 1971opinions, for what they are worth. Inother words, I can speak - I speak toyou now, and I am sure that nobody willcome and tell me, "Why did you saythat? " or, "Why didn' t you say that ?"On the other hand if you go beyond

the mere expression of opin ion to thepoint of doing something which affectsthe security of Israel, then you are fallendown upon real hard.Q. Do you feel the majority of theArab people would really be happierif Israel ceased to exist?A. We're not asking that the Israelisshould cease to exist as a political entity.All we ask is that they should withdrawfrom the territory occupied in 1967 inorder to give us an opportunity to exist.I t isn't a case of them not existing.Q. How can Israel win the confidence of her Arab neighbors?A. By expressing a willingness to withdraw from all the terri tories. I thinkit's also a case of how we can win theconfidence of the Israelis.Q. Egyptian President Sadat wasquoted as saying: There will be nopeace with Israel for t his gen erationor the next generation, and that Egyptis willing to sacrifice a millionsoldiers to accomplish her objectivesagainst Is rael: Is there no other wayto resolve the present confrontationexcept by war and bloodshed?A. These remarks were made on twodifferent occasions. However, PresidentSadat has also said: We are ready fora peaceful settlement with Israel , pro vided that the Israelis are willing towithdraw from the territories whichthey occupy - all the territories whichthey occupied in 1967. I don't knowwhy people don't remember what hesaid in that context while they insist onrepeating what he is reported to havesaid about war. Real peace is an evolving process. I t isn't something whichhappens overnight. Even when we havea peace treaty it takes time for peopleto get to know each other . We havelived together for years and years, thousands of years if you like, throughoutour tradition. Our relations have beengood . The fact that we've had warsover the last fifty years has not beenenough to spoil this backlog of good

T he PLAIN TRUTHwill which we have towards the Jews.Although peace may not result inabsolutely normal relations overnight it may take some time to overcome thelast fifty years of conflict - nevertheless in time, it will take place, and thisprobably is what Sadat meant - thatreal peace will take time because it's anevolving process. I don't think he meantwe have to go on shooting each otherfor another fifty years.Q . Would it be easier if th e UnitedStates and Russ ia were not involvedin the problems between the Jews andthe Arabs?A. I think it would be easier, but it'svery very unrealistic to think that theywould ever be uninvolved.Q. Many Israelis say that if th eIsraeli government and th e Arabgovernment s could sit down ' at thesame table and discuss their differences, peace would be a lo t quickerin coming.

EZER WEIZMAN was born in Israel.A military man most of his life, Mr.Weizman fought with the Royal AirForce in W orld War II , then playeda major role in building the fledglingIsraeli Air Force. Weizman held thepost of Commander of the Air Forcefrom 1956 to 1966. He subsequentlyserved for three years as second incommand in the Chief of Staff. Heserved briefly as Minister of Transport from 196970 until his partypulled out of the National UnityGovernment coalition. Now a leadingIsraeli pol itician, Mr . Weizman continues to represent the oppositionGahal pcrty in the Israeli Knesset.

13

A. I would be inclined to dispu te that .Un less you begin from internat ionallyacceptable premise and from a premisewhich you know both sides will more orless accept, si tt ing together will notachieve anything. You will only sittogether and lose yourselves in heatedarguments and leave the table andachieve very little!Q . Do you feel that the same pressures that were used to force Israel towithdraw from the Sinai in 1956could be used to force her withdrawalfrom the occupied terri tories now ?A. I very much hope that the withdrawal will come about from a conviction that the Israelis will have that withdrawing from the territorieswill be in the interest of peace and inthe interest of the world generally.Whether the Russians and the Americans would agree to impose such a solution on the Israelis is something whichI don't know. 0

Q. In your view, what do you thinkwill occur in the Middle East duringthe next five years?A. First of all, I sincerely hope theArabs will come to their senses andstop threatening us so that we will notbe forced into another battle . You mustrealize that if war breaks out againbetween Israel and the Arabs, it's goingto be a more severe one, a tougher one,and I think a longer one than the SixDay War. Also it might again changethe looks of the Middle East as the SixDay War did . Therefore, I first of allhope that in the next five years we canprevent war.The situation could then continue as

at the present, one of no war but nopeace. I hope of course that the Arabs


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14will come to terms with us. But if notwe'll just carry on the way we are.Overall, it is very difficult in what I callthe "Muddle East" to predict correctlywhat will happen in five year's time.Q. What is the fundamental issuein the Midd le East ?A. The fundamental issue is that theArabs (I hope I'm wrong) have notcome to the conclusion that we're hereto stay for good. They still look uponus as a passing episode - like theCrusaders. The Crusaders were here for100 years all right, but after the 100years they kicked the Crusaders back towhere they belonged.Q. Pres ident Sadat has said therewill be no prospects for peace withIsrael for this generation or the next.He also said Egypt is willing tosacrifice a mi lli on soldiers to accompli sh her objectives against Israel. Isthere no other way to resolve thepresent confrontations?A. First of all, I hope he's wrong andthat he speaks only for his generation.I think that if we Israelis again standfirm by what we believe, it will give usa better chance of preventing a war thananything else. The mood of the Arabstoday is such that if we start to showsigns of going back, this will be a signto Sadat to go forward. Therefore, firmbelief in and firm standing upon whatyou think is right will not only bringyou a better future but most likely willalso prevent a war.Q . Could your government returnto the '67 borders and sti ll survivein off ice?A. No, no definitely not , and I'm sureit will not do that.Q. Could Israel continue in a nopeace, no-war situation for a considerable length of time?A. Yes, we have lived like this mostof our lives. After 2,000 years of beingin exile, ten or fifteen years isn 't a longtime.Q . What type of international guarantees would Israel require beforeshe agrees to withdraw her troops?A. I wouldn' t withdraw my troops for

The PLAIN TRUTHany international gua rantee. I wouldwithdraw the troops only if I had asigned agreement with Egypt to a longterm peace arrangement, not just to aninterim treaty signed by an intermediary.Q . Who would gain the most fromreopening the Suez Canal?A. Well, from a military point ofview, the Russians. They would gain byhaving freedom of movement for theirships from the Black Sea to the IndianOcean. And number two, Europeantrade would benefit, and, obviously, theEgyptians.Q. Has I srael conducted any rerearch on the military use of nu clearpower?A. Everybody does research.Q. Does Israel at this time have anyplans for nuclear weapons?A. That you'd better ask the DefenseMinister.Q. Why is it that Arabs and Israeliscan be very friendly on the personallevel and so antagonis ti c on the national level?A. Because on the national level wedon't sit together. On a personal levelwe sit together and we eat together, welive together, we argue. On a nationallevel, there is a refusal , unfortunatelyon their side, to sit with us. This isexactly what I said in the beginning. I fwe sit together I th ink we'll find a wayand find a common language.Q. Is that one of the basic requirements for f inding a solut ion?A. Definitely, definitely. How can youlind a solution with an enemy or witha friend if you don't sit together?Q. Would it make any differencewho invited whom first?A. No. I f Sadat called today, Israelileadership would go to Cairo and talkto them. I would be the first one torecommend doing it. I wish I could gomyself.Q. Is it possible to revive the greatperiods of flourishing cooperationbetween Arabs and Jews?A. There's a great deal of cooperation

November 1971going on now. The Arabs that havelived in the State of Israel since 1948are completely absorbed within theeconomy of Israel living their own cultural life and their own religious life.Q . W hat is the future of Jerusalem ?A. I think that Jerusalem is a controversial city from a world poin t ofview and not just for us. To us Jerusalem is the heart and soul of the Jewishpeople and the heart and soul of Israel,and I think Jerusalem will never bedivided again and will never be internationalized and will stay the way she is.Never has Jerusalem been so free foreveryone, be it Christian, Moslem, orJew, as she is today.Q . What course should th e U. S.pursue in the Middle East to bestserve her national interest?A. The common bonds between us andthe United States are democracy, freeenterprise, and free society with all itstroubles and tribulations. We are theonly true democracy in this part of theworld. I think America has to convincethe peoples in the Middle East and allover the world that her way of thinkingand her way of living is a better waythan the Soviet Union's. I'm afraidthat the United States does not do thatfirmly and therefore, unfortunately, Incertain places she's losing ground.Q. What would be Israel' s responseif Soviet ai r and naval un it s engagedin offensive mil itary act ions?A. Well, if it occurred it would beunpleasant for both sides. But I'd like toelaborate . Usually people are afraid ofan unknown entity, and since Russia isa rather unknown entity because of allits secrecy, people are afraid of it. Butthere is quite a lot of exaggeration inthat. The Russian fleet in the MiddleEast cannot interfere positively or seriously in any land campaign in theSinai. The Soviet forces in Egypt,15,000 of them, are defensive and instructional. For the Soviet Union tomove large forces from Russia to Egyptis a long, lengthy logistical problem . ToVietnamize Egypt and strike at Israelfrom the Soviet Union is rather far


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- Baha ud-Din Toukan, Ambassador of Jordanto the United Nations

"East Jerusalem istotally Arab ... Consequentlyit should be considered always as Arabterritory under occupation."

Novembe r 1971removed. I think therefore, when youanalyze the possibility of Russian intervention in the current crisis, it can befrigh tening, and it can be annoying,but it cannot be crucial.Q. Is Egypt happy, do you feel, inits dependence on Moscow?A. I doubt that as well. I think thatEgypt would in many respects, love tohave its cake and eat it too.Q. I f the Soviet Union and theUnited States - the Big Powers would disengage themselves from the

BAHA UDDIN TOUKAN has beenAmbassador of Jordan to the UnitedNations since April 1971. His hometown is Salt on the East bank of theJordan. He graduated from th eAmerican University in Beirut andshortly thereafter [oined the civil service of Jordan. He was also in thecourt of the late King Abdullah. In1947 he was Consul General of Trans [ordan in Jerusalem. A year later hetook a post in the Ministry of ForeignAffairs and later became MinisterPlenipotentiary to Cairo, Egypt andAnkara, Turkey. He was also Am-bassador of Jordan in London. From1966-70, he was under-Secretary ofthe Ministry of Foreign Af fai rs andrepresented the Arab League in Rome.

Q. Mr. Ambassador, do you see anyrealistic chances fo r an early settlement to the Middle Eastern crisis?A. Well, I can't foresee a solution inthe very near future, but it all dependson Israel reacting more positively tothe notes and demands of Dr. Jarring,that is, a commitment by Israel to abideby Resolution 242 of the Security Council. Or at least, a commitment to with-

The PLAIN TRUTHMiddle East, would another war between Arab and Isr ael be more orless likely?A. Less.Q . Would you prefer that the BigPowers get out and leave you to workit out alone?A. I would prefer the Russians to getout. I think that it's time America realized that our war here is not entirelybetween the Israelis and the Egyptiansbut a confrontation among West andEast. It's time the United States realized

draw from the occupied Arab territories.Q . Do you foresee the potential forany renewed hostilities? Or do youbelieve that perhaps the attitude willmellow and that the existing ceasefire will be lengthened indefinitely?A. Nobody in the Middle East - onbehalf of the Arabs I say that - wouldlike to resume hostilities. They arevery peaceful and peacefully minded .It all depends on how Israel will reactto this attitude in particular and to theArab attitude of demanding a peacefulsettlement on the basis of the UnitedNations Resolution.Q. Jordan and Israel have been ableto get along together historical ly andcertainly Arabs inside Israel have beenable to live, go to school and workbeside the Israeli people. Why do youbelieve, then, that it 's very dif ficultfor peace on the national basis?A. Israel, ever since its creation, hasignored all the United Nations resolutions with regard to the legal rights ofthe Palestinians. Palestinians were forcedto leave their property and were forcedout of their homes and have been livingon charity in scattered refugee camps.Jordan tried to have the resolutions en-

15that she has to put a stop to the Russians somewhere.Q . Do you foresee a time whenIsrael can join together with Lebanon,Jordan, Egypt, and others in a MiddleEast Common Market?A. Definitely. It might take 25 yearsBut eventually we Israelis must thinkthat way. If we are sure that we arenot here just as a passing episode, butwe are here to stay, we must thinkabout our future as being part of theMiddle East economically, culturallyand physically. 0

forced and implemented without successHad they been implemented, the crisiwouldn't have reached this stage.Q. Do you believe that there is anypossibility that the present Israeligovernment will abide by the resolution?A. They should , if they want to bepart of this international communityThe current trend in the internationacommittee of nations is that everyone ilooking for peace. Consequently everyone should cooperate to achieve thispeace.Q. Do you believe that if Israel withdrew to the pre-1967 borders, thatpeace would be achieved in the MiddleEast?A. Yes, I think it would.Q. Why do you believe this whenin practical fact there was no peaceprior to the June 1967 conflict?A. Because prior to 1967 Israel wasn'prepared to accept the United Nationresolutions for solving this questionThere were three main resolutions. Onewith regard to the right of the refugeeto return to their homeland or receivcompensation. The second resolutiondeals with the question of dividingPalestine into two parts - one Jewishand the other Arab. Israel defied thabecause it expanded beyond the boundaries of 1947. The third resolution wawith regard to the internationalizationof Jerusalem. So far Israel has refusedto accept it. Israel has annexed Wes(Continued on page 48)


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AUnitedStatesof Arab Nationsit t ?The constitution of the federation of three Arab Republics w ent toa vote before the Egyptian , Syrian and Libyan peoples September 1.The vote was a lmost 100 percent in favor of federation. The ques-tion is: "Con it last?J/ Syria has amassed at least nine coups d'e tatin tw enty -five years and as many unsuccessful attempts . Lib ya's newgovernment is barely celebrating its second anniversary after theoverthrow of the monerchy. And Egypt has recen tly suffered itsmost serious political upheaval in two decades .by Raouf EI Gamma l FOR DECADES, the vision of a unifiednation from the Atlantic Ocean tothe Persian Gulf has tantalized

the leaders of the Arab world.The personification of this dream was

the late Egyptian President GamalAbdel Nasser. He envisioned a Unionof Arab states - 120 million strongand sharing a common language andreligion - as a powerful force in worldaffairs. And indeed it could be. Thesenations sit astride the strategic underbelly of the world. Th ey also possesstremendous reserves of "black gold" precious oil that runs the world's industry. Also they sit astride critical tradeand access routes.

Attempts at Un itySince W'orld War II, attemp ts have

been made to unite at least some of thespirited nations of the Arab world. In1958, Egypt and Syria federated as theUnited Arab Republ ic. Yemen joinedlater. The Union was dissolved afterthree years . In 1963, Egypt, Syria andIraq signed a pact as a first step towardunification. The agreement collapsedwithin a month . Finally in 1964, Iraq,Egypt, Kuwait, Jordan and Syriaannounced the formation of an ArabCommon Market. It never came to pass.Once again a potential giant in the

Arab world is in the making. The recent Federation between Egypt, Syriaand Libya forms a new nation whichcovers an area of 1,137,522 squaremiles with a population of approximately 43 million. It possesses one thirdthe area of the U. S. and one fifth itspopulation.The Sudan was one of the original

countries which signed the Tr ipoliCharter, the first step toward the Federation . Later the Sudan decided topostpone its entry. It was still in theprocess of establishing its political organizations and building up the state.Some sources have reported that theother member nations insisted that theSudan clean up its Communist elementsbefore it joined the Federation.Sudanese President Numeiry imme

diately launched a campaign outlawingthe Communist party and sacking hisdeputy Premier, known to be a Communist sympathizer. A coup d'etat in Julyturned the tables and ousted Numeiry,placing him under arrest. Three dayslater a counter coup launched byNumeiry's supporters reinstated Numeiryas Head of State.It is now likely that Numeiry will

once and for all remove Communistanti-Federation opposition.

I f the Sudan joins, which appears


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November 1971

EGYPT'S ANWAR SADATlikely, the Federation's area would coversome 2,105,022 square miles, making itthe world's seventh largest nation inarea. Its 58 million population wouldmake it the fourteenth most populous, (1970 estimates) comprisingabout half the population of the Arabworld . Extending over half of the Mediterranean and two thirds of the RedSea coasts, it will also be strategicallylocated along a major trading artery.And the Federation could grow even

larger.Potential Candidates for

MembershipTh e Federation has an open-door

policy, extending invitations to otherArab countries to join.Even though "revolutionary" states,such as Iraq and Alger ia have not ex

pressed any desire for ent ry, one has tobear in mind that a new government infavor of joining could spring upovernight.If those two countries were to join,

then the picture would drasticallychange. Algeria is nearly as big as allthe U. S. east of the Mississippi, covering an area of 920,000 square miles.Three fourths of its 14 million peopleearn their living from the land. It alsohas vast reserves of oil and gas - AI-

The PLAIN TRUTH

SYRIA'S HAFEZ EL ASSADgeria was the world 's eleventh leadingproducer of oil in 1970. Combined withLibya they supply a hefty proportion ofEurope's vital oil needs. Algeria'sarmed forces numbering 57,000 arenow being expanded and modernizedwith the help of the Soviet Union.Iraq is potentially rich in resourceswith an abundance of rivers and agri

cultural land. Its army is Soviet trainedand supplied. It could well become thedominant Arab power on the PersianGulf - another vital oil-providing areaof the world .

Islam, a Unifying ForceIslam can become a powerful politi

cal-religious force, binding these Arabnations together into a unit with a common world outlook. But this outlookgoes further than the Arab states. Th eMoslem faith penetrates the Balkans,stretches across the width of North Africa and into the Philippines and Indonesia. Th e religious influence of theMiddle East could be far wider than itsgeographical center of gravity .In past ages, the Islamic empire was

a world power. After the death of Mohammed, the Islamic conquest went farbeyond Arabia. One century after theprophet's death, the Moslems sweptacross the entirety of North Africa, into

17

Wide World Photos

LIBYA'S MUAMMAR QADDAFISpain and Southern France. Towardthe east, Syria, Mesopotamia, Armeniaand Persia fell before "the mightysword of Allah."

Th e Arabs have not forgotten thepast glories of Islam, the time whenthey were the world's super power . It isno wonder that they desire to revivetheir glorious past. But can such apower be revived ?

Th e two greatest arguments for Arabunity are: a common language and religion. However, if this argument werevalid per se, then all the Christiancountr ies should unite. Or all those, letus say, speaking the Spanish language.It is very obvious that language and religion - though powerful unifying factors- do not always accomplish the goal ofunity. Yet there doesn't seem to be anyother common unifying factor betweenthe various Arab countries - unless itwould be the commercial factor of oil.

Egypt Benefits MostThere are many economic benefits of

the present Federation, with each of thecomponent states complementing theothers . Libya's $2.2 billion a year in oilrevenues, which gives it the secondhighest per capita income in the Arabworld, could provide capital for industrial development. Syria could supply its


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18

Wide Worl dGaafa r e l Numeiry, Pres ident ofSudan . His na tion is slat ed tojoin the newly created Ara bFedera tion in the near future.

Th e PLAIN TRUrnpartners with the food -raising farmlands . Its armed forces - Soviet supplied and train ed - are Moscow'ssecond insurance policy for a footholdin the Middle East should Egypt flop.Egypt with its 34 million people

many of them overtrained in terms ofthe needs of its own economy - couldprov ide its neighbors with techniciansand labor. Of course Egypt's army, themost powerful of the Arab armies - interms of equipment and manpower would serve as the defend er of themember countries from "Imperialist andZionist aggression."

Libya's RoleWh ile Syria is separated from Egypt

and Libya by 300 miles, the others sharea common border. Obviously, a strongunifying factor in the Federation is thepresent conflict with Israel. It is verysobering for the Syrians to know thatDamascus is less than 40 miles fromIsrael's front lines.Since Libya is fur ther away from the

Israeli border, it is expected that onewould hear bellicose declarations fromPresident Qaddafi . (As a twenty-nineyear-old strong man, he tends to bemore extremist ; and, of course, the distance from the Israeli border does tendto give more courage than Damascusmight muster.)Qaddafi said to a crowd in Tr ipoli :"I f we were on the Jordanian frontier,we would have participated in a waragainst King Hussein, and called forthe guerrillas to overthrow Jordan'sgovernment."As the irony of events unfolded, it

was Jordan who overthrew the guer rillas, some of whom have fled to Israeloffering their services to fight WITH theIsraeli army against the Arabs !It is reported that Libya played a

major role in the attempted overthrowof King EI Hasan of Morocco. And itwas Libya again that called for an emergency summit meeting to discuss theJordanian guerrilla conflict. Libyanauthorities even advocated militaryintervention against King Hussein andthe expulsion of Jordan from the 14member nations of the Arab League.One is forced to ask the question:

How can such a Federation last, whenits member nat ions hold such opposite

November 1971views regarding vital issues? Egypttends to be comparatively moderate,Libya is obviously extremist, whileDamascus has adopted a temporary policy of silence after a very bellicose recent history.

Political Upheaval in EgyptThe Federation has even been the

cause of heated bickerings inside Egypt.Ali Sabry, the former Vice Presidentand leader of the Arab Socialist Union(Egypt's only legal political par ty),vigorously opposed the Federation . Heargued that the other member countrieswould attempt to dictate policy in matters of internal Egyptian affairs. Thereis no doubt that Libya would have astrong hand by virtue of its financialcapabilities.Sabry went as far as organizi ng a

coup d'etat with the help of the warand interior ministers, to oust Sadat.Sadat's house was bugged with listeningdevices by his own security officers. Itwasn't until American security men accompanying Secretary of State Rogers,who was visiting Egypt in a bid to finda solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict had uncovered the bugging devices, thatSadat knew what was going on. Thecoup was unsuccessful and Sadatemerged as Egypt's strong man.It is quite obvious that the local Communists in the Arab countries want no

part in a Federation . It is also reportedthat other Communists abroad are of thesame opinion. A strong nation uni tingseveral Arab countries would becomestrong enough on its own. Dependenceon the Soviet Union would decrease, resulting in a substantial slicing of Kremlin influence. Moscow might not acceptthis with open arms.Meanwhile, a United States of Arab

Nations might begin to flex its militaryand political muscles. This could inflame the dangerous Arab-Israeli conflict. The Arabs might now look uponthemselves as equal to the task of defeating Israel. In other directions, anexpanded Arab Federation might beginto stand up to Europe. (The UnitedStates at present has l ittle influence inthe Arab world.)

The Federation could pressure Europein many ways. Take one example: Libyaproduces 3.4 million barrels of oil per


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ATTEMPTING TO UNIFY THEARAB WORLD - Map showsnations allied in . new ArabFederation - libya, Egypt andSyria. Sudan, though not yet amember, expects to join theFederation in the near future.Be/ow, the s igning of the d ra ftconstitution of the Federationof Arab Republics. Pictured,from left to right, are Presidents Sadat of Egypt, e l-Assadof Syria and Qaddafi of l ibya .

Keystone Photo

Ambossadar College


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your PLAIN TRUTH sub-scription has been paid

20day As mentioned, it is a major supplier of oil to Europe . Libya could alsoput pressure on Algeria to impede oilflow. At the same time, Syria sits astridepipel ines carrying Saudi Arabian andIraqi oil to the Mediterranean.Egypt also has come up with a new

oil tactic. Its idea is to have Middle Eastand North African oil producers simplyrefuse to expand present output. This

HOWMany ask, "WHY can't I payfor my own subscription? HOWcan you publish such a qualitymagazine without advertising reve

nue?"This organization operates in away none ever did before. Theseentire worldwide enterprises startedvery small. The Editor had givena series of lectures in Eugene, Ore

gon in 1933, on the laws of successin life. Individual failures and collective world troubles have resultedfrom wrong principles which motivate human society .This wor ld 's approach to lifeoperates on the philosophy of selfcenteredness - of getting, acquiring, and of envy, jealousy and

hatred. The lectures reversed theapproach, showing that the way toreal success - peace, happiness andabundant well -being - is the wayof outgoing concern for othersequal to th at for self - actuallythe giving, serving, cooperatingway.Response was surprising and enthusiastic. A number of livesabout-faced. The manager of RadioStation KORE, and about a dozenothers of very ordinary means,

volunteered to contribute regularlytoward getting this knowledge tomore people by radio.For seven years previously, theEditor had envisioned a monthlymagazine to be named The PLAIN

TRUTH. Now, by starting it as amimeographed "magazine" the wayhad opened.The f ir st week in January 1934,

The WORLD TOMORROW program started on th e air. On February 1, that year, The PLAIN

The PLAIN TRUTHwould maintain a high level of incomefor oil producing nations but would create an acute oil shortage in a WesternEurope geared to an ever-increasing rateof consumption. The European rate ofincrease is one million barrels per day- or a 12 percent increase yearly.

With these critical factors, the futureof the present or expanded Federationbecomes a crucial issue in world politics.

TRUTH made its most humblebow. Response was gratifying. Itwas something different - something right - something vital lyneeded - something containingvitality and life !There was no request for con

tributions. It proclaimed the givingway, and had to practice what itadvocated. A few small contributors joined in the cause voluntarily.Little by little, gradually, listenersand readers became voluntary CoWorkers. They wanted to have apar t in expanding this unique andneeded Work.

Growth seemed slow. But it wassteady and continuous, at th e rateof approximately 30% a year. Thatrate of growth has continued for36 years. We were advocating THEWAY of GIVING, not getting. Topu t a price on ou r magazine orother literature would have seemedinconsistent. So we never have.

Although you cannot pay foryour own subscription, we dogratefully accept contributions, voluntarily given, though we neversolicit the public for financialsupport.

We believe in what we aredoing, and THE WAY it is beingdone. Ou r ever-growing family ofvolunteer Co-Workers believe in it,and gladly give of their incomesthat we, with them, may GIVEthese precious success secrets to anever-widening number of readers,listeners, viewers . These operationstoday are having a dynamic impacton 150 mill ion people, worldwide.

Our happy Co-Workers join ina sincere THANK YOU for allowing us the pleasure of serving you.It gives us las ting pleasure.

November 197 1Will the Federation Last?

One has to ask: Could it be that thehumiliating Arab defeat in June of1967 might have triggered a basic ingredient required to ensure success? Impatience and emotionalism are verystrong Arab characteristics. Yet somedegree of pat ience and non-emotionalismhas been evidenced.Unlike previous attempts at unification, time for preparation has beentaken this time. The old pattern was toannounce a Federation before talks andpaper work even started . This time ithas been almost two years since theTripoli Charter was signed. The constitution was presented to the threeHeads of State for final approval before the Federation was in effect. Theissue was also taken to the vote beforethe peoples of the three countries . Th iswas unheard of previously.Another important change is the fact

that the Sudan was requested to postpone its entry, unt il it was ready. But itsdelegation still attended all the meetings and took part in the drafting ofthe constitution.There are, of course, many elements

of divis

Documents

Plain Truth 1971 (Prelim No 11) Nov_w