Plain Truth 1972 (Prelim No 09) Nov_w

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About Our CoverThe immediate th reat of Communism InIndonesia came to an ab ru pt hair in 1965when General Suharro and the Indonesianarmy crushed an attemp ted Red coup . Th efollowing weeks witnessed a massive purge

of Communists and left ists in the government , the armed forces, the press, and educational institu tions. In March 1967 Suharroformally succeeded the late President Sukarno in office. Since then, President Suharro has been guiding his nation of 3,000islands and abo ut 125 million peop le backfrom the brink of bankruptcy to a posi tionof stability. Indonesia today has the capacityto become one of the two (wit h J apan )domi nant powers in the weste rn Pacific. Foran exclusive interview wit h the man at Indonesia's helm , see this month's "P ersonal."

Keystone Photo

November 1972VOL. XXXVII NO . 9

Circulat ion: 2,496,596Published monthly - except for the combinedSeptember-October issue - by AmbassadorCollege, as a publ ic service in the publicinterest. Yo ur al ready-paid subscriptio n is madepossible by the contributions of those who,volunta rily. have become co-workers in supportof this worldwide work . Ambassador College, asa separate corporation, is associated with the\Vo rl dw id e Church of God, and a portion ofthe financia l needs of the work is supp lied bythat Church. The publ ishers have nothing tosell, and although contributions are gra tefullywelcomed . no so licitation is ever made to thepublic fnr financial support.Pnbli sbing Board: Herbert W. Armstrong,Garner Ted Armstrong , David L. Antion,Ronald L. Dart , David Jon Hill , Herman L.Hoeh, Roderick C. Meredith, Albert J . Portune, Stanley R. Rader.

EDITORHERBERT W. ARMSTRONG

EXECUTIVE EDITORHerman 1. Hoeh

Inside Back Cover

IN THIS ISSUEPersonal from the Editor .Blood Money - the High Costs

of War .Advance NewsLet's Stop Turning Workersinto Human Machines .Why the Growing DisenchantmentWith Science? .Why the Ambassador CollegeEducational Program? ..What Is a Real Christian? .An Alternative to CapitalPunishment .Who Will Bring Peace to aTroubled World?What Our Readers Say

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SENlOR EDITORSDavid Jon HillRoderick C. Meredith

MANAGING EDITORArthur A, FerdigAssociate Editors

Gary L. Alexander Jerry GentryDibar K. Apartian Gene H. HogbergWiHiam Dankenbring Paul W. KtoHContributing Edi tor' : Charles V. Dorothy, VernL. Farrow, Gun ar Freibergs, Raouf el-Gammal ,Robert L. Kuh n, Cliff Marcu ssen, Ernest L.Mart in, Ge rhard O. Marx, Patrick Parnell ,Richard C. Peterson, Richard H. Sedliacik,Charles Vinson, W illiam Whikehart.Regional Editor': Bonn : Frank Schnee; Brussels: Ray Kosanke ; Geneva : Colin W ilkins;Joh annesburg : Rober t Fahey; London : Raymond F. McNair; Manila: Colin Adair; Mexico City: Enrique Ruiz; Sydney: Dennis Luker;Vancouver : Dean Wilson; Washington, D.C. :Dext er H. Faulkner.Research Stal!: Michael A llard, Jeff Calkin s,Larry Gott , Pau l Knedel, Dennis Neill, RodneyRepp , Donald D. Schroeder, Keith Stump.Ar t Department: Joh n H. Susco, Layout Direc-tor; Ron Lepeska, Monte W olverton, Layout;George L. Johnson . Producti on Coordinator .Photograph y: John Kilburn, Photo Edi tor; Pbo-tograpbers: Mike Hend rickson , Don Lorton;England : Alan Beardsmore, Ian Henderson;Germany: Alfred Henn ig; Photo Researcb: LarryDalton, Director, New York ; Bethan y Thornton ; Photo Li brary; Al Leiter , Dir ector.Copy Edi tors: Betty Lau , Jim E. Lea.

Alber t J. Portune , B1 ine11ManagerDavid L. Antion, Director of Publishing

Circu lation A1al1agerJ: U. S. A. : John H. Wil son ; U.K . : Charles F. Hunting ; Canada : GeorgePatrickson; Australia: Gene R. Hughes ; Philippines: Guy L. Ames; South Africa: Gord on R.Terblanche.Published mon thl y (except combined SeptemberOctober issue) at 300 Wes t Green St., Pasadena ,California 91105; Rad lett , England ; and NorthSydney , Australia , by Ambassador College.French, Dutch and Ge rma n editions pub lishedat Radlett, Engl an d ; Spanish edition at Pasadena, California . 1972 Ambassador College.A ll rights reserved .SECOND CLASS POSTA GE paid at Pasadena, Californ ia, and at addi tiona l mail ing offices.Entered as SECOND CLASS matt er at ManilaPost Office on March 16, 1967. Registered inAustralia for transmission by post as a book.


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Personal from

Meeting with President Suharto of IndonesiaVietnam and Far East PerilCEYLON (N ow SRI LANKA), Aug . 4:A T LAST, th e long-awaited, twice..l'l.. postpon ed meeting with Presi

dent Suharto took place, yesterday morning , in D jakarta.W e flew on here today, en route to

Jerusalem, where 80 of our Ambassador College students have been working th is su mme r on th e giantarchaeological project ad jo ining thetemple mo unt. Then a stopover atou r campus in England , a lunc heo nvisit with K ing Leopold , and thenback to Pasadena.At this point we are approximately

halfway around the worl d on the. present trip. W e really had a most interesting and profitable meeting withGe neral Suharto , There is a vital connection between the Vietnam war andPresiden t Suharro 's government inIndonesia.At the tim e when the Vie tnam war

was bei ng stepped up , duri ng theKenned y and Johnson Admi nistrations, the main purpose of UnitedStates involvement was to prevent aCommun ist mili tary takeover of theentire Sout heast Asian area. T heAmerican policy was based on the"Domino Theory." If the Reds tookove r Vietn am, then in rapid succession, the indica tion then was, Cambod ia, Thailand , Malaysia, Singaporeand Indonesia would have fallen toPLAIN TRUTH November 1972

the Communists in rapid succession.And from there Aus tralia would fall.It was known - I have sta ted itmany time s on the air and in ThePLAIN TRUTH - that the Communiststrategy for conquering the Un itedSta tes was by way of Asia and Southeast Asia.

Why the tru e facts were nevermade plain to the American people, Icould neve r understand . But at thattime , President Sukarno of Indonesiawas veering peri l-ously toward theleft. Singapore andMalaysia seemedabout to be takenover by Communism. It seemedbetter to fightCommun ism inVie tnam and stopi t before th e" do mi no" sta testo pp le d o ne byone , than to wai tand have an all-outnuclear war by invasio n of t h eUnited States. Better fight themwith a SMALL waron Asian soil, thanin a frigh tfu l nuclear war on ourown soi l.

But in Singapore, Prime MinisterLee outsmarted the Communists, andin Indonesia, the fifth mos t po pulousna tion on eart h, Genera l Suharto established a mil itary dictatorship, bothstrongly fortified against Commu-

(Continued on page 46)PRESIDENT AND MRS. SUHARTO ofIndonesia. This autographed photo wasa gift from the President to Herbert W.Armstrong.


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BLOOD MONEY-the HighCostsof War

War costs not only the lives and lands of lovedones, but also a steep economic price: a tenth ofall world expenditure. We call this war tithe

"blood money."by Gary L. Alexander

T HE T H IRTY pieces of silverwhich J udas received forbetrayi ng Jesus have beencalled "blood money." But the Biblespeaks about another kind of "bloodmo ney" which affects all nations inall ages.

The story goes back a thousandyears before Christ.W ar - T he People' s ChoiceThe ancient nation of Israel, under

the prophet Samuel, enjoyed 40 idyllic years of peace with no militaryconscription, no defense budget, no"military-industrial complex," and nofear of na tional invasion . Th e peoplehad made a covenant wi th Go d fortheir protection.

By some perverse qui rk of humanna ture, this utopian society was not"sa tisfying" to the fickle populace.T hey actually demanded a king likethe warring nat ions around them .T hey yearned for the "good old days"2

of glorious victori es, which the Biblica l book of Jud ges so vividl yrecorded. They wanted to forget thebloody defeats the same book ofJ udges records.Samuel warned the people exactlywhat would happen if they chose thi smilitary king : there would be conscription of both men and women,confiscation of land for military use,an extra ten-percent tax to support acentral bureaucracy and a standingarmy, and , finally, social unrest due towar.

The voters' decision ?"G ive us the new champion," theyshouted, "so that we can be like thena ti on s aro und us ." The peoplewanted the snappy mil itary parades,crisp and colorful uniforms, powerfulweapons, and strong aggressive leaders like the warri ng nations aroundthem.

On hearing these words, Samuelbowed to the people's wishes, and he

lived to see his dire predicti ons cometrue.

At least one of Samuel 's specificprophecies is still being fulfilled inthis war-to rn twent ie th centu ry:"And he [the warring ruler} will takethe tenth of your seed, and of yourvineyards, and give [it} to his officers,and to his servants" (I Samuel 8 :15).

Th is tenth - or blood money - isstill being spent, due to mankind'scontinual refusal to rely on God fornational security.

Earth's "War Tithe"The world current ly spends $200billion annually on armaments andwar. This is about 7 percent of the

Gross W orld Product. Another $100bi llion in war's hidden ex penses(described later in th is art icle) bringsthe defense expenditure total to $300billion, or a full tithe of worldexpenditure s.Many nations spend much more

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than a full ten percent of theirincome on war. Some smaller nat ionsnow engaged in ho t war or an armsrace spend no less than onefourth oftheir GNP on war. North Vietnam,Cambodia, Israel, and Egypt are inthis category.The U. S. and the U.S.S.R. spend

most of the world's military dollars.Last year, the United States spentnearly $80 billion of its $800 billionnational income on defense and war.One third of the defense budget wasearmarked for Vietnam alone. Thehidden war expenses (including interes t on th e war de b t, ve tera n' sexpenses, and war-caused inflation)put the U. S. - as well as theU.S.S.R. - over the one-tenth markand into the "freewill offering" zoneof war expenses.Yet war hurts the poor nationsmost of all. The 93 underdevelopednations (those countries earning lessthan $200 per person per year - orabout 50 cents a day) spend twice asmuch on war as they receive in foreign aid for peace. They spend 40percent more for war than for alleducation! And , tragically, the gapbetween war and education is widening in these poor, bu t war-torn,nations.The average citizen in an under

developed country spends eight dollars for his nation's armaments. Thismay sound like pocket change, bu teven tha t miniscule amount is nearlya full tenth of his average $100 peryear personal income. Multiply hisindividual eight do llars (and smallchange) by two billion impoverishedpeople, and the to tal arms expenditure of the poor half of the worldARMS MERCHANT SAMUEL CUM MINGS in his gun works at Acton,England , displays one of over 500,000small arms he offers for sale to worldnat ions . Inmany instances his corporation sells guns to both sides in a warand then collects the used firearmsfrom the winner at a profit.Counting both private and publ ic arms,there is now one gun for every man,woman , and child on the planet .

Dmitr; Kosterine - Th e Daily Telegraph Mag az ine



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comes to $17 billi on yearly out of a$200 bill ion total income.In fact, these two bil lion membersof the world's "s ilent majority" earnless money each year than the rest ofthe world spends on arms alone! Inother words, if war were abolished,these two billion people could morethan double th eir pe rsonal yea rlyincome. But th at' s a big " IF " - IFthe world's "blood money" were usedfor the good of the poor rather thanfor wars on their soil.All but two of the fifty-six warssince 1945 have been fought on thesoil of poor nat ions - Korea, Vietnam , Jordan, Syria, Egypt, Sudan,Biafra, Bangladesh, and Israel, toname a few. The cost of rebuildingshattered economies and devastatedlandscapes mus t be added to the crueltithe spent in support of the militarymachines which wreak this havoc.

Only the United States, amongmajor nations, has remained virtuallyuntouched by an invading or occupying army for most of its 200-yearhistory .Even though the United States hasno t suffered the direct economic cur

ses of war, there are more subtle - yetequally destructive - economic costs.In its ascent from a pioneer economyto a develop ing economy to anindustrial power to wor ld leader, andnow to its declining stages, theUni ted Sta tes has suffered all these"secondar y" economic cursesbequeathed by war.

From J efferson to JohnsonThe War of 1812, for example, saw

the first great increase in spending bythe young nation of America. Government spending had previously- during President Jefferson's years-averaged $8 mi ll ion per year(which is spent every 15 minutes byroday's central government) . But during President Madison 's war years,government spending leaped to $35million per year.

Duri ng t he next 50 years of" expansive peace," the nat ional debtvirtually disappeared , and Federal4

spending never topped $100 millionfor any given year - unt il the CivilW ar of the 1860's.

The War Between the Sta tes, however, pushed annual Federal spendinginto an immediate tenfo ld increase,making Lincoln the first billion-dollar-budget President. Since then, thenational debt has been a permanentfixture in the Un ited States economy .

The ensuing fifty years of balancedbudgets and relative peace (althoughthe American Indians would not callthat period a "generation of peace" )were followed by World War I, inwhich Woodrow Wi lson's government spent nearly twice as mu chmoney in eight years of office as allother Presidents had spent in theprevious 125 years (desp ite the factthat onl y 1Y2 of Wilson 's eigh t yearswere spent waging a hot war inEurope) . Wi lson's budge ts were thefirst to break the $ lO-billion-per-yearbarrier. This barrier was not brokenagain - despite all the reputedlyexcessive New Deal spending - until1942.

Bu t the world's most deadly andcostly war of all time, W orld War II ,broke all economic records. Thebudget deficits of 1943, 1944, and1945 set the all-time record forbudget deficits: over $50 billion inred ink each year, for a 3-year to tal of$163 billion . America is still payingdearly for those three major deficits.Following World War II , Presi

dent Truman conscientiousl y tried toreduce Federal spending, but the"uncontrollable expenses" of WorldWar II (mainly veterans' benefits andin terest on the war debt) insuredheavy Federal outlays for decades tocome. Any efforts to engi neer abudget surp lus usuall y ended in arecession. Such recessions afflicted theUnited States in 1949, 1954, 1958,1961, and 1970. Each of them followed a budget surplus year.

Due to new combinations of financial pressures, President Truman spentmo re Federal money in his nearlyeight years in office than PresidentFrank lin Roosevelt had spent in his

twelve years of the New Deal andW orld War II. In addi tion, directwar efforts in Korea accounted forfour consecutive fiscal year deficirsto taling over $20 billion.After Korea, during the decadefrom 1955 to 1965, the national debt

reached a fairly stable peacetimeplateau of just over $300 billion , virtually all of it an inheritance frompast wars.

Enter VietnamSince 1965, however, the Vietnam

War has cost the United States government a phenomenal $128 billion.Hardl y by coincidence, the nati onaldeb t in those same six years increasedby a similar amount - $116 billionto reach its fiscal 1972 level of $433billion.In February 1972 President Nixonannounced Federal deficits totaling

$90 billion for fiscal years 1971, 1972,and 1973 - the largest deficits since1943-45.

The "64- billion-dollar question"facing America is this : "W as Vietnamth e culprit in this skyrocketingnational debt ?" And, if so, a second"64-billion-dollar question" is "W ha twould America 's economy be liketod ay if there had been no Vietnam?"

The " 128-billion-dollar answer"( that is the cost of the Vietnam Warso far in hard cash only ) to the questions is easier to give than one mightexpect.

Yes, the Vietnam War is responsible for about 90 percent of the hugeincrease in the U. S. national debtsince 1965. The answer to the secondquestion, though more complex, isalso clear. I t is hard to imag ine thatsuch a livid nightmare as Vietnam ismerely a bad dream, and not an economic reality. If the Vietnam Warhad not been provoked by Hanoi,chances are there would have been nowage and price controls (Phase I orPhase II) , no deva luation of the do llar, no "first trade deficit since 1893,"and no severe siege of inflation orunemployment.This may sound like an over-



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tatement of Vietn am 's role in theesent mo netary turmoil. Bu t if the

am W ar had not escalated in1965, there would have been noeriou s increase in the national debtfter that date. Th e debt was necessarynly to . finance the undeclared war.he U. S. Congress had no t allocatedudge t money for the war , so thelood mon ey had to be red-ink spendmg.

Th is "c reat ion" of mo ney out o fthin air by the Federal Reserve Systeminstigated an illuso ry "bo om" econmy, bu t it also caused a siege ofinflation. Serious chro nic inflationbegan as early as 1966 in the UnitedStates, as consumers saw the yearlyprice increase creep from two percent(1966), to three percent (1967), tofour percent (1968), to five percent (1969), and finally to a sixpercent yearly in fla tionary rate by1970.Therefore, without Vietnam (andits war-budget-caused inflation) , therewould have been no need for therecen t wage an d price con rrols(dubbed Phase I and Phase II) as anattempt to curb the effects o f inflation.

Th e same war-caused inflationforced Am erican goods and dollars tobe overpriced in foreign markets,hence the dollar devaluation andtrade deficit s in 1971 and 1972.

" Hidden " BloodMo ney

Th e many hidden costs o f war areth e internal bleedings of a nation' sblood-money budget.Since th e escalation o f the Vietnam

Wa r, inte rest on the na tional debt hasescalated as well - to about $22 bill ion per year. Annually, thi s amountsto over $100 in ex tra taxes for everyman, woman and child in the Uni tedStates - just for th e usury on thenational debt ! Most of this staggeringamoun t is due to residual debts from IW o rld War II, bu t Vie tnam's sharehas grown to about $5 bill ion , or onefourth o f the interest load financed bytaxpayers.A greater long-term financial burden o f war is represented by the millions of returning Vietnam veterans

who will benefit from an estimated$200 billion in various veterans' benefits in years to come (that's morethan the total cost of waging thewar) . Some o f these extended benefitswill continue until the third andfourth genera tion. For example, thelast Amer ican Civil Wa r veteranrecently died (under government-paidcare) 100 years after the war 's lastshot. In addi tion, thousands of Spanish-American Wa r and W or ld W ar Iveterans are still receiving long-termbenefits.

Another factor in hidden warexpense is the rapidly inflating cost o farmaments . A front -line fighter, carrier, rifle, tank, or cru iser costs - onthe average - more than forty timeswhat the equivalent item cost inWorld W ar II. Increased technologyof warfare also inflates the cost ofenemy death s far beyond the nor malinflationary increase.These are among the many hiddencosts incurre d by a nation whichchooses - or seems forced to choose- the agony of war over the profitsof peace. A nat ion must pay dearly fortru sting in its ow n strength for protection .Until nations remove themselvesfrom organized killing and find better

ways to solve their differences, thewastage of human and monetaryresources will con tinue to exacerbatethose nations' social and financial ills.

Th e late President Dwight D . Eisenhower eloquently expressed thesecosts in a little-publicized speechsome 20 years ago .

I ke 's " Cr os s o f I ro n" SpeechPerhaps you remember a "cross o fgo ld" speech from your high schoo l

AER IAL ARTILLERY ON DISPLAY atthe recent Hanover Trade Fair in Ge rmany . The risin g cost o f high-techno logy warfare rai ses the cost o f killingone enemy to around $200 ,000 .Hennig - Plain Truth


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history textbook. But how manyremember an equally stirring "c ross ofiro n" speech delivered by the lateU. S. President Dwigh t D . Eisenhower? Here are some excerpts fromhis speech delivered almost twentyyears ago.

" Every gun that is made, everywarshi p launched , every rocket firedsignifies, in the final sense, a theftfrom tho se who hunger and are notfed, those who are cold and notclothed.

"This world in arms is not spending money alo ne. It is spending thesweat of laborers, the genius of scientist s, the hopes of it s chi ldren.

"The cost of one modern heavybomber is thi s: a modern brick schoolin more. than 30 ci ties. It is two elec-

tric power plant s, each serving a townof 60,000 population . It is two finelyequipped hospitals. It is some fiftymiles of concre te highway.

"We p :>.y for a single figh ter planewith a half million bushels of wheat.We pay for a sing le destroyer withnew homes that could have housedmo re than 8,000 people.

"This is not a way of life at all, inany true sense. Und er the cloud ofthreatening war, it is humanity hanging from a cross of iron. "

And th ere is no more vividexample of a nation crucified on steelthan those poor nations which rely ona daily "fix" of imported arms. Armssales to the Third World by thewealth y nation s are the most incriminating blood-money dollars.

"The Four Merchants" ofthe Apocalypse

Over 90 percent of the sales ofarms and war material to poor nationsproceed from four major world pow ers - which we might figurativelylabel "the fou r merchants" of theApocalypse.

The first two - the United 'Statesand the U.S.S.R. - sell arms for ideologica l and politi cal reasons. The twoother major arms salesmen - Franceand Great Britain - sell for purelyeconomic and industrial profit.

Almost three quarters of theseinstruments of death find the ir way tothe Middle East and Southeast Asia.The burgeoning Latin American market grabs ano t her 10 percent, as do

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GUNS BEFORE BUTTER. Above, the19th and 20th centuries mee t in Taiwan . Just 100 yards from the shriekingafterburner of a modern F-5 jet, a dirtpoor farmer and his water buffalo ekeou t their feudal existence.left, Russian trucks and Chinese artillery parade in Zanzibar at the anniversary of the Communist takeover there.Right, a Russian-designed, Chinesemanufactured rocket launcher, cap-tured from the Zambians by the Rhodesians, being examined by a Britishexpert. Arms never die - they justchange nationality.

Left, Keystone PressAbove, Horst Foos - Wide WorldRight, John Kilburn - Plain Truth

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Greece and Turkey. T he remaining 7percent reach the poor nations ofAfrica.

The United States has sold orgiven away $57 bi ll ion in arms since1945, by far the larges t amount in theworld arms trade. The Soviet Union,however, is fast catching America as amerchant of death . Arms support toNorth Vietnam and, unt il recentl y,Egypt are reputedly in the billions ofdo llars per year (matching the U. S.sales of $2.83 billi on per year plannedfor 1972 and 1973) .The two other major arms salesmen have also increased sales fasterthan the Un ited Sta tes has in recentyears. In 1970, France do ubled its foreign arms sales, as compared to 1969.France is the classic case of profi tmo tiva ted arms sales. She has soldMirage jets both to Israel and to theArab states.

Another European-based manufacturer sells arms to both antagonists ofa war - any war - and then bu ysback the arms from the victor at apro fit. Ni ce work , if on e in such abusiness can sleep nigh ts.Fren ch arms manu facture is "goodeco no m ics" - 280 ,00 0 jobs forFrenchmen, about 8 percent of allFrench exports, and the g reatest sliceof the arms production business forEuropean securi ty forces. France is theunofficial arms mak er and arms broker for all of Europe, with the majority of her arms production staying athome .Econom ics is also the major factorin British arms sales. Between 1967and 1970 Brita in managed to doubleits sales o f war materials to a 1970level estimated at half a billi on dollarsannually, an amount equal to 28 per-cent of the country's tota l exports. Britain's principal arms customers tend tobe Commonwealth count ries andsta tes in the Middle East, bu t recentlyshe has sold bombers to Peru , submarines to Brazil, and frigates to Chile.In the past two years, in fact, theEuropean and North American powers have sold about $1 bil lion worthof military hardware to Latin Arner-8

ica. Engla nd led the way wi th $500million , whi le France 's $150 milli oncame mainly from flying 18 Miragejets to Colombia, 16 to Brazil, and 5to Peru .

Wh ile these Mirage jet sales havemade Mirage owner Monsieur Dassault the richest man in France, theyhave insured at least three more dirtpoor coun tries of a supersonic attackair force. In 1955, no un derdevelopedcoun try had such planes, but at latestcount, 29 count ries now have superson ic planes, and 18 have SAM (surface-to-air ) missiles, tha nks to thefigura tive " four merchants" of theApocalypse.

Arms SalesBackfireLike many of the old vintage gunssold by the arms merchants, the enti reconcept of arms trade has "backfired,"

and will backfire more drasticall y inthe future, trend s indicate.For example, U. S. arms have been

used to over throw governments inG reece, Libya, and Brazil, and nowthe y are being used in the recent Irishconflict. U.S.S.R. arms sales haverecently backfired in Indonesia,Egypt , and possibl y in North Vietnam as well.Hi stor y indicates that arms saleshave a way of backfiring. Nationshave failed to "buy allies" with guns.Bu t is there a practical alternative

in a wo rld of "might makes right"?Is W ar N ecessary?

Being ant i-war is currently quitefashionable. An emo t io nal plea to" end all war" brings universal cheersdespite its almos t total lack of analternative answer. Song s plead ,"W here Have All the Young MenGone?" Sticker s procla im, "MakeLove, N ot W ar" or "War is harmfulto children and o ther living things."Doves urge the U. S. to "ge t out ofVietnam."Seemingly, all bu t a few revolutionary despots proclaim to be anti-

war - yet wars constantly erupt. Onthe average, a major international hot

war surfaces every 4 to 6 months.And that has been the pace throughou t man 's recorded history. How canso many apparently sincere anti-warpeopl e start so many apparentlyunwarranted wars?

I t is not su fficient, then, simply tosay that war is srupid, ruinous, deadly,immoral, or any other heat ed adjective . That's g ri st for shallow bumperstickers or fifth-grade essays. Theseobservations are agreed to by all sensible men. The question now facingsuch "sensible men " should be, " Iswar necessary?" " Is war inevitable ?"Co ns idering on ly the human

po litical sphere, nations feel they mustgo to war to defend themselves fromunwarranted aggression. Was America to "turn the other cheek" afterPearl Harbor? Was Britain to liedown and be trampled under Hitler'sbo ot ? And , Germans migh t also ask,was Weimar Germany to lie downmeekly while foreigners strangledh er c ha nc e fo r surviv al a f te r1918?In the restricted human politicalsphere, the sad answer is that if thereis no God in whom a nati on cantrust, then war is inevitable, as a finalmeans of self-defense. Man has notdevised the first clue, humanly speaking, toward achieving peace throughhis own inherent human reason. Inthe carnal sphere of action , we mustconclude that man will cont i nue towar with his fellow man until thefinal nucl ear holocaust destro yshuman society as we know it .In thi s human sphere, then, it is

clear that " the way of peace they knownot" (Isaiah 59:8). Therefore, if youare only willing to examine thehuman sphere, you can start countingthe days un til Armageddon.Fo rt un ate ly , th ere is anothe rdimension to the question. In fact,th is ex tra dimension is the on ly hopeleft for wo rld surviva l.If you want to know how this war

to rn wo rld will yet be filled withpeace and plenty , send for your freecopy of The l/7onder(lIl World Tomor-row - What It Will Be Like. 0



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advancenewsin the wake of today's WORLD EVENTS

Superpower ChessWatch for stepped-up activity on the inrernational

relat ion s front during the coming year. The two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union , alongwith three supe rpowers in the making - China, Japan,and Western Europe - wi ll be jockeying for positions ofadvanrage as never before in a highly complex world .

Much of the scurrying a round will be as a resulr ofthe deteriorating relationsh ip between the Soviets and theChinese, whi ch in each camp borders on paranoia. Moscow is renewing its call for a "European Security Conference. " Soviet aims for such a conference (or a series ofconferences) cenrer around the Kremlin's desires ro normalize its relat ions with the West in order co obtaingreater freedom of acrion ro deal with the China problem .

Peking, on the other hand, sweating under the pressure of 46 Soviet Army divisions stra tegically placed alongthe 4,OOO-mi le Sino-Soviet border, is deeply worried that adetente in Europe will enable the Russians co shift mo remanpower and firepowe r ro the Eastern front.

To counrer such a development, Chi nese government leaders are open ly voicing their opposi tion co theEuropean security concept ro rop American officialswhe never they visit Pek ing. According co some travelersfrom Washingron, the Chinese are "absolutely terrified"with the prospecr of having George McGovern as President with his advocation of a major t roop pullback fromEurope and an immense cut in defense spending . Evenshould Presiden t Nixon be reelected, the Chinese fear" dangerous" U.S. ([OOp withdrawals from Europe.Acco rd ing co the Chi nese, the Uni ted Sta tes mustnot on ly "ho ld the line" in Europe, but also must continue full-scale developmenr and producrion of nuclearweapons or risk falling behind Moscow , making theSoviet Union the undisputed No.1 world power.

In 1973, as a further cou nrermeasure ro expectedSovie t pressure, the Chinese will very likely try to improverelations with J apan. And not to be outdone, the Sovietsmigh t p lay their own Asian trump card - dangling againbefore the Japanese the prospects of tapping the immensemineral wealth of Siberia.PLAIN TRUTH November 1972

The Soviet Union also appears to be moving cowarda call for an Asian Security Conference similar ro the oneslated for Europe. The aim , of course , is to preven r Chinafrom filling the mil itary vacuum resulting from g radualAmerican disengagemenr from Asia.

Democratic Chaos Grips ItalyFears are growing that the Italian general elections

earlier in the year may have settled nothing. No parr yreceived a majority of votes in the confusing election,which was held a full year ahead of schedule. PremierG iul io Andreoni of the Christian Democrat ic Parry(Italy's larges t) has pieced together a new governmenr , an"a ll-center coalition" excluding, for the first time in tenyears, the Marxist Ita lian Socialist Parry . The former center-left coalition which included the Socialists broke up inJ anuary in a bitter feud over the economy and the Socialists' links with the Communi sts.

The presenc coalition is bitterly opposed by theMarxist Socialists and the Communists on the left, as wellas by the Nco-Fascist I talian Social Movement (M.S.!. ) onthe right.

The May elections showed a general shift to theright. Italy's Communist parry - the country's secondlargest with nearly one quarrer of the electorate - lostground slighrly. The Nco-Fascist M.S.!. , led by GiorgioAlmiranre, 57, a former aide of the late dic ta tor BenitoMussolini, doubled its representation in parliamenr burdid no t score the big victory it had hoped for. Its gains areviewed more as a backlash against political insrabi li ty,economic decline , nationwide strikes, and increasing streetviolence which are plaguing the country, than as a posi tive affirmation of fascist ideals.

In a po ll conducred in April , a week before thenational e lec tion, it was discovered that more than 73percenr of Italian voters would be willing to give fullpo litical powers temporarily co a "strong man," so long ashe was honest, just, and opera ted within the framework ofdemocracy.

The survey, pub lished in a weekly Italian magaz ine,9


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emphasized that these findings did not indicate that Italians are now yearn ing for a dictatorship . Instead, theysuggested "a rather ingenuous and simple" desire for anhonest and fair poli tician and a need for more order andsolidity in policies.

The latest hodge-podge coalition, it is generallybelieved, will not last long. Most experts agree anotherelection will be necessary long before the next schedul edballoting five years from now. Som e feel that another suchprematu re election would be very damaging to parliamentary democracy in Italy. An exasperated electo rate,tired of endless poli tical instability and social and economic chaos, would probably swing further to the righ tagain - to a " law and order" party promising an end toinstability and chaos once and for all.

Common M a r ke t Founder Dies"Europe has lost one of its founders. Paul-Henri

Spaak was, at the end of World W ar II , one of those wholaid the basis of the European ideal and of European

Milleghem - E.E.C.PAUL-HENRI SPAAK

unity." So eulogized the European Economic Communit y's Commission in a tribute to former Belgian PremierPaul-Henri Spaak, one of the EEC's founders, who diedJu ly 31 from kidney failure at age 73.

A dynamic Europeanist, Spaak was often referred toas "Mr. Europe." He ranked wi th Jean Monnet, RobertSchumann, Alcide de Gasperi, and Konrad Adenauer as

10

one of the moving forces behind the push for a UnitedEurope.

Spaak was tw ice premi er of Belgium (May 19 38 toFebruary 1939 and March 1947 to August 1949) andserved six times as his country's foreign mini ster. FormerEEC Commission Presidenr J ean Rey described Spaak asthe most illustrious Belgi an statesman ever.

Spaak was serving his second term as foreign min ister in May 1940, when the Belgian government wentinto exile in London after the Belgian army capitulated tothe Germans. A leading figure in the government in exile,he became a friend of Win ston Churchill.

It was Spaak who originated the idea of the Benelu xcustoms uni on , which materialized after the war. T heBenelux group - combin ing Belgium , the Netherlands,and Luxembourg - was a pioneer forerunner of theCommon Market . Spaak was also a force behind the drivefor British membership in the Marker.

In addition to offices held in his native counrry,Spaak served one term as Secretary General of NATO andwas the first president of the U.N. General Assembly.

Belgian Premier Gaston Eyskens, in an official tribute, observed: "During his lon g and brilliant career, Spaakrendered great services to his country , to the creation of aun ified Europe and to the construction of peace. We willalways remember this great statesman who spread Belgi um 's reputation far and wide."

Babylon Anew"EC of Ten , Faces Modern Tower of Babel." So

headlined a short news item in the June-.July, 1972 issue ofEuropean Community, the Common Market's official publi cation.According to the dispatch, the number of o ffic ial

Commun ity languages will increase from four to eight ifall four candidate countries, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway, and Ireland become members of the Common Market on January 1, 1973. French and German areboth "working" languages, but French predominates inCommunity conferences and official communiques.Engl ish may become a thi rd working langu age after British entry - and rival French in importance.

The linguistic complexities of the Common Marketare borne ou t by a few statistics. The Community'S 1971budge t provided for 818 permanent and 20 temporarypositions for lingu ists. The English translating staff willhave to be expanded by at least 160 persons to cope withthe new written and verbal demands of an enlarged Community. Translators will also have to be found for Danish,Norwegian , and Gaeli c.

I t is more than coincidence that a prophesied multinational world trading system described in chapter 18 ofthe book of Revelation is labeled "Babylon the Grear."

- Gene H. Hogberg.



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Let's Stop Turning Workers IntoHUMANMACHINESSerious job dissatisfaction is on the rise amongblue collar workers - the working class. Why thediscontent? Is it the pay? Working conditions?Company policy? Or is it the very nature of thework that is itself chiefly responsible?

by William R. Wh ikehartPhotography by M ichael Hendrickson

EVERYONE FINDS himself - orherself - performing some boring tasks from time to time.Housewives grow weary from thedai ly round of cooking, cleaninghouse, and doi ng the laundry. Students shun homework assignments.

Secretaries and office workers tirefrom the unending rou tine of papers,typing, and telephone calls. Evenexecutives find some of their dailychores just that - chores.'But the problem is most acuteamong the blue coffar work force - theworking dass. What is taking placeamong these workers has already become one of the major social problems of the '70's.

Blu e Collar BluesWhy do so many jobs seem bor ing

and routine? Does work have to bemo notonous? Must a man become aPLAIN TRUTH Nov ember 1972

human machine in order to survive?To view the growing problem

firsthan d, The PLAIN TRUTH sent several correspondents to the "blue collar" capital of the world : Detroit,Michigan. This article repons on theirfindings and shows what can be doneto solve these problems affectingworkers the world over."If I had it to do over again , I'd

just go on welfare, rather than workin the factory ," said one veteran autoworker. "I'd never encourage my kidsto work in the factory. I'd be helpingto lock them in prison," said another.A third commented, "You're alwayslooking ahead to something betterand it never comes ."

These responses, given The PLAINTRUTH team by Detroit auto workers,reflect an increasing dissatisfaction onthe part of many lower-middle-classworkers toward their jobs. And the

problem is not strictly limited to theUnited States. Employees the worldover are afflicted with a corrosive social disease that, for lack of a betterterm, has been called the "blue collarblues."The malaise is no t new. Workers,

after all, have found things to complain about for generations. But inthe past few years, it has become soserious that it threatens to disrupt theeconomic structures of industrializednations.

In Detroit, the U. S. automotiveindustry is facing massive problems.Absenteeism has more than doubledover the past decade among the "BigThree" (General Motors, Ford, andChrysler). An average of one in everytwenty workers is absent from workwithout a clear explanation eachworkday.On some days, notably Mondays

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R. Battle, U.A.W. Local 600,Detroit: " 1 think that . . . themonotony of the job has gotten to some of the youngerguys."and Fridays, the figure goes as high asone in ten . Some U. S. auto makershave tried to solve the problem bygiving free green stamps and drinkingglasses for regular work attendance!

Turnover is also up . Many workers,particularly the youn ger ones , simplywalk off th e job and never return. Asone Det ro it auto worker said, "Theyounger guys really could care lessabout their jobs. If they want to takea day off they do it. If the y want toquit, they just quit. " More than hal fof Chrysler's hourly workers havebeen there less than five years. Otherwork-rel at ed problems are al somounting . Complaints about qua lityare increasing. Th ere are more argumen ts with foremen, more strife overdiscipline and authori ty, more generalgrievances.

In some plants, d isconten t hasreached the point of overt sabotage.At G.M.'s Vega plant in Lordstown,Ohio, au tos regularly roll off the linewith slashed upholstery, scratchedpaint, bent gear shift levers, cut wires,and missing bolts.

Dehumanized Work"There is no qu estion," says Har

old L. Sheppard, a sociologist withthe Upjohn Insti tute for EmploymentResearch, " that job dissatisfaction isin creasing. Today' s worker won 't12

accept the things his father did."Most of the discontent does indeed

come from younger , bet ter educatedworkers. Nurtured by rock-and-roll ,TV , and D r. Spock, many of theseyounger workers are finding theirhopes on the job somewhat less thanwhat society has taught them to expect.

On the surface, it may appear thatabout all young work ers are interestedin is good pay, goon working conditions, and fringe benefits. But deepdoum, what they really want are jobswhich require planning, judgment,creativity, variety, and learning . Theseyounger workers seem to be moreaware of the dignity associated withtheir job and the opportunities for career development. They want workthat is meaningful, which requiressufficient skill worthy of respect.

Labor leader W al ter Reuther ,shortly before his death , explained itthi s way: "Young workers . . . ge tthree or four days pay and figure,'W ell, I can live on that . I'm notreally inte rested in these materialthings anyhow. I'm inte rested in thesense of fulfillment as a humanbeing.' "

What these you ng er workers areincreasingly finding on the job is usually the reverse. Blue collar wor k isoften repetitive, stultifying , and overcontroll ed. Often, the worker is made

R. Woods: "I'd have to saytha t I like my job. I love myjob."

int o nothing more than a machinepart, totally controlled, fully predictable, easily replaced.

The resulting in crea ses in absenteeism, turnover, and sabotagedirectly attributed to such jobs havefo rced management to become awareof the problem. Some companies haveattempted to remedy the situation byproviding salary and benefit increasesand by upgrading poor working conditions.

It is tru e that without adequate salary, benefits, and good working conditions, workers will be dissatisfied.But merel y providing these elementsdoesn 't , of and by itself, remove thediscontent. Other factors must beadded in order for workers to feel fulfilled on the job. The factors whichhelp mot ivate wor kers and cure theirdiconrent are recognition, achievement,responsibility. and growth.

Most blue collar work is devoid ofeach one of these vital human needs.

Failure or inability to incorporatethese elements in to most blue collarjob s, coupled wit h human hostilityand cantankero usness, is the basiccause of the rising discontent.

Work Without StatusTo stand out among one's peers, to

achieve status, is a basic drive ofhuman natu re. Almost all humanbeings desire some kind of status.Peop le are responsive to it - fromthe worker who is rewarded wi th aspace nearer th e factory door to theyoung manager presented a key to theexecuti ve washroom.

But, wi th the growth of highereducation and the proliferation of themass media, particularly in th e Western world, the average worki ng manhas found himself with less and lessstatus. Many workers feel that societydoes not prize the kind of work theyperform . Status-conscious culturesdramatize the pro fessional bu t neglectth e importance of semiskilled and unskilled workers, who feel like "forgotten people" - those for whom thegovernment and society have limited,if any, direct concern.



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Some blue collar workers feel sodenigrated that their jobs appear aswearisome burdens instead of decen t,respectable occupations. Some evenapo log ize for their occupations instead of hold ing them up as an aspiratio n to the ir children. So strong isthis feeling in some nations that ob-

S. Pantallersco: "I wor ked onthe line for 20 years.... It' slike being in prison, exceptyou go in and out every day ."servers warn of future losses of laborforce manpower in these countries.

Often , the job itself appears unworthy of recognition. More oftenthan not , the work is oppressivelytedious , noisy, and mind-numbing,with little opportunity for humancontact. Detroit auto workers toldThe PLAIN TRUTH t ha t there is li ttlecamaraderie among workers on theline. Each man is relatively isolatedamidst racial tensions, worker-foreman squabbles, and lack of mutualtrust.

It is unusual for workers to feelsatisfied under such low-status conditions .

Limiting AchievementPerhaps nothing dissatisfies a

human being quicker than pointlesswork . Each of us needs to feel that hisoccupational role has some signifi cance. Unless a worker can see howhis work fits into a larger whole, particularly if he has a small task in acomplica ted process, his job has Ii ttlemeaning to him . Most blue co llarPLAIN TRUTH November 1972

wo rk, consequently, seems point less.A man on the assemb ly line who

receives .$10,000 a year to tighten nu tsand bolts has little identification withthe final product or prid e in craftsmanship . Lack of the sense of achievement on such jobs is a serious problem.Th e late W alter Reuther commented : "T he prospect of tigh teningup bol ts every two minutes for eighthours for thi rty years doesn ' t lift thehuman spirit."

Then add to th is the blue collarwo rkers' difficult pro blem of maintaining financial srability - if theyever achieve it in the first place.Thoug h a large proportion of suchjobs pay relatively well, many workersfind themselves caught up in the inflationary "monetary squeeze," particularly in their middle-age years.

The difficulties of the 40-year-oldworker are often compounded whenhe must pay college fees for his children or support aging parents. It is atthis poin t, when family budget costsare at thei r peak, that most workersreach a salary plateau in thei r job levels.

The result of this "middle-agecrunch" is that many workers findthemselves worse off financiall y thanwhen they started their working lives.This is a sad situation - in stark contrast to the "American dream," whichis, in fact, a global dream of rising expecta tions.

Little ResponsibilityMost workers like a degree of re-

sponsibility on the job . It 's easier forthe executive, the professional, or theself-employed to fulfill this need forautonomy than for the average bluecollar worker. Most feel that theirjobs leave little room for makingeven the smallest decisions on thei row n.

"They tell you to do the job theway it's wro te, even if you find a better way," says an assembly worker atDetroit's Cadillac factory .

Repetitive tasks which restrict persona l respon sibility and decision mak-

ing are basic to most blue collar jobs."Do you know wha t I do?" askedone auto worker in Tarrytown , N .Y." I fix seven bolts, day in and day out ,th e same seven bolts."

T he expansion of automation ,coupled wi th the breaking down ofjobs into smaller functions, has enabled assembly lin es to move faster.As a result, most wo rkers have li ttlecontrol over wha t they do on the job.The assemb ly lines often move so fastthat there is hardly time to take a oneminute coffee break or go to the restroom .

As former U. S. Assistant Secretaryof Labor, J erome Rosow, told PLAINTRUTH reporters, " If an individualcan learn his job in two days, as canbe learned on the assembly line today,you can be sure he doesn't feel responsible for much. And , in fact, heisn 't responsible for much."

"Dead-end J obs"Most people have a stro ng urge to

"get ahead ." The age-old dream ofrising from humble beginnings tofame and fortune is ingrained in ourway of life. But for most blue collarworkers, the dream is fading fast.

A recent survey, prepared by Upjohn 's Sheppard , shows that one third

A.T.&T.Malcolm Gill ette, A .T.&T.,New York: "It's not so mucha matter that people hatewor k. Actu ally, it' s more correct to say they hat e the waywe set up work."

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of all blue collar workers feel convinced that they have no chance forpromo tion - that they had reached a"dead-end." Other surveys indi catethat even higher percentages feel theycan never expect to be promotedfrom their present jobs.

P. Conigliaro: "The moneyisn't th e reason why theworkers are dissatisfied. Themoney's good . ... But.you're looking ahead tosomething better and itdoesn ' t come ."

Many workers become cynica labout the opportunities for advancement within the company. " Promotion depends on poli t ics in theplant ," says one trim worker at Fordin Detroit. Others complain of agediscrimination against older workersor younger workers, and racism andoppressive management.

Opportunities to learn and grow onth e job are also limited. Workers often exp ress th e desire to learn moreabo u t the skill and knowledge necessary for their present job . But mostblu e collar work is not designed forthis. As one assembly-line worker putit, "A t first, there 's some learning .But once you know how , that's allthe re is. You can' t do any better.You can only be satisfacto ry."

Mr. Rosow attributes these limitations in growth to lack of employeeeducation. "O ne of the biggest reasons why upw ard mobility in blu ecollar work is slig ht is because while14

large segments of society have become better educated, the averageblue collar worker has no t."

But better education does notautomatically guarantee advancement.Even a Ph.D. isn't going to progresstoo far if he starts on the assemblyline. He migh t event ually advancefrom headlights to fenders, but notmuch further if he stays on the line.That's the way such jobs are designed.

Faulty Work ConceptFinding themselves caug ht in un

fulfilling , unrewarding jobs whichlack meaning and purpose, blue collarwo rkers balk at the idea of becominga " human machine" for the rest oftheir working lives. But the cause ofthe pro blem is the wrong philosophyaround which most blue collar jobshave been designed.

This phi losophy goes somethinglike this: T he average huma n beinghas a basic dislike of all work underall conditions and will avoid it if hecan; most people must be coerced, direc ted, and threatened with extremepuni shment to get them to produce;and, the average person has relativelylittle creativity and ingenuity.

Henry Ford summed up that philosophy in 1922 with these words,"The average worker wants a job inwhi ch he does not have to pu t forthmuch physical effort. Above all, hewants a job in which he does nothave to think."

Herein lies the crux of the who leblue collar problem. Th is ph ilosophyappears absolutely correct amongwork-ers whose jobs em boring and frtlStrating.

People deprived of opportuni tiesto satisfy the needs wh ich are important to them at wo rk behave exactlyas we might predict - with indolence, passivity, unwillingn ess to accept responsibility, and unreasonabledemands for economic benefits.

Much of the modern industria lmonolith has been rigidly bu ilt uponth is faulty work concept as if it weregospel. As a result, man has been subordinated to the machin e rath er thanthe machine to man. Human develop-

merit and achievement have beengready sti fled.

The waste has been tremendous to the man living an unful filled. un happy li fe at work, to the company interms of decreased productivity, andto society in lost human potential.

Needed: Job En richmentSome managers have begun imple

menting a number of work innovations designed to make rou tine jobsmore challenging. One of the mostsuccessful involves changing what anemployee actuall y does on the job.

"Job enrichment," as it is termed,seeks to improve both task efficiencyand job satisfaction. I t builds intopeople's jobs the job motivators recognition, achievement , responsibility, and growth. In shor t, its purpose is to introduce the factors thatreally satisfy workers on their jobs.

The average man on the assemblyline who fixes bolts day after day isn'tgo ing to be " turned on " by his jobno matter how go od the pay, supervision or working conditions may be.Unless his job - what he actuallydoes - is made more meaningful, heis still go ing to experience frustration .

J ob enr ichment is perhaps one ofthe first organized efforts to recognizethe valid work prin ciple that merelyproviding good company policy, salary, wo rking conditions, and supervision does not automatically bringjob satisfactio n.

There must be more.If one's task is bor ing prior to any

of these changes, it is no less boringafterward . It may be easier to toleratein the short run, but it st ill lacks theessential ingred ients of long-rangemotivators.

Proponents of job enrichment saythat it essentia lly involves changingattitudes - of both workers and supervisors - more than anything elseG iving the worker more responsibility for deciding how to proceed ,for set ting goa ls. and for the excellence of the product are integral pansof most programs.

The enrichment idea is qu ite clearPLAIN TRUTH November 1972


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on one po in t : Give employees achance ro succeed and ro improve attasks that challenge them .

Enrichment inAc ti on

One of the largest job enrichmen tprograms in the co un try is at Ameri can Telephone and Telegraph Co .Malcolm Gillette, Di rector of th eHum an Resources Program fo r thecompany, rold Th e PLAIN TRUTH,"We beli eve yo u can' t change aworker's attitude on a boring jobunless you change wh at he does."One of th e best examples of such restructuring , he pointed ou t, involvedgi rls working on telephone directories.Before th e program , each of 30

girls rota ted on 21 separate jobs involved in producing the directories."So wha t we did," said G illet te , " isth at inst ead of doing just one task,we gave each g irl th e responsibility ofdoing one book apiece . Each g irl wasto do all th e jobs on that particu larbook - compilat ions, alphabetizing,arrangements with th e press, etc. Sonow when asked 'Wha t do you do atwo rk ?' instead of replying, ' I wo rk onphone books,' each g irl could reply, ' Iam a di recrory clerk. I produ ce thedirectory itself. It's my piece of thebu siness.' "G illet te went on to show that th e

results o f th e program were very encouraging. Absenteeism and turnoverdropped to zero wh ile job satisfactionand productivity increased.

One of the more advanced job enrichment programs has been implemen ted at the Merr imack ValleyWorks, just outside Boston, Massachusetts. T he company employsabout 10,000 people in the manufactu re of electro nic carrier systems. After an attitude survey confirmed widespread discontent among workers, th ejobs were restructured so that employees did complete subassemblies, producing and test ing functioning partSrather than do ing single repetitivetask s on an assemb ly-line basis.Two years later, another survey

showed these ma rked improvements :16

increased productivity, decline in absen teeism, and workers wi th increasedtake-home pay.A number of ot her companies, in

cluding Saab and Volvo of Sweden,have employed simi la r restructuringwith the same resul ts.

Meet in g th eCh all eng e

Implementing job en r ichmentst ra tegy presents a parti cul ar challenge to management. I t requi rescourage ro ove rthrow long-established trad ition s, real discernment romake the righ t changes, and determination to stick with the new poli ciesduring the rough days when theyseem ro be hampering more thanhelping

Th ere are certain barri ers that managers can expect to encounter. Thefirst involves ex isting policies and prac-tices. These usually confl ict with thenew job design so that the employeecan' t carry out the responsibility hecou ld be given. W herever feasible,these po licies an d practices should bechanged.Sometimes th ere are physical and

technological barriers, such as exis t onassembl y lin e jobs. Th ese job s are thekind for which on e canno t do verymu ch, even with job enrichment. Theho pe is to automate them out o f existence in time, or at least to improvethe qual ity of th e product mo ving onthe assembly line. W orkers alwaysprefer to work on better quality products, Cheaply constructed items areno incenti ve ro work .

If a boring, assembly-line job cannot be automated out of existence orat least improved, those wo rkersforced to work on them sho uld bepartially assigned ro larger tasks th athave meaning and purpose. Perhapsthe person nel departmen t cou ld hireonly those people whose abil ity levelsare so low they might be challengedby such a job (or unti l such a workerupgraded his ow n ability).

One of the princ iple barriers romaking job s richer is the attitudes andresistance of management itself. Some

supervisors feel it is a th reat - " If theemployee has the respon sibility, th enwhat do I do )" Actually, a l it tl e foresight wo uld help them . Gi ving workers more responsibility wo uld , in thelong run , free managers of a numbero f minor tasks and allow them rocon centrate on decision s and mat te rsof a "higher order."

Worker Enrichment TooAnother big barrier to job enri ch

men t is roo often ove rloo ked orde-emphasized. Tha t is the gene ral un willing ness among workers to respondro management's job improvementefforts.It is true that management's prom

ise for person al reward tends ro mot ivate workers on the job . But unlessworkers are willing to respond and dotheir part, relat ively lit tle prog ress canbe made .

The best job enr ichment programin the wo rld will not help any workerwho is no t willing ro straighten outhis ow n at titude first. \X!orkersshould be willi ng ro wo rk hard andaccept any discomforts whi ch may exist until enrichment takes full effect.T hey shou ld be willi ng to accep t

th eir jobs as a challenge , realizing thateven enriched job s are bound to haveat least some elements of tedium androut ine. But most important , workersshould first strive to have their overallprio rit ies and go als in life st raigh t ifthey expect real happiness, peace ofmind, and success on the job .As J esu s put it: " But seek ye first

th e kingdom of God, and his righteousness, and all these thi ngs [i nclud ing job success, which providesfood, clo thing, and shel ter) shall beadded un to you" (Matthew 6:33) .More detailed information on how

to begin to become a success at workis available, in ou r free, full -color64-page booklet Th e Seuen Laws ofSuccess. W rite for it if you have notalready don e so. The address of ourof1ice nearest you is in the insidefront cover.Remember, you've go t no thing to

lose bu t th e blue collar blues. 0PLAIN TRUTH November 1972


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Why the GrowingDisenchantmentwith Science?The glamour that once surrounded science andtechnology has been replaced by growing criticismand antagonism. Many - including scientists

are concerned over the dramatic shift.by D. S. Winnail, Ph.D.

T ODAY, SCIENCE and technologyare being blamed for many ofthe pro blems that threa ten thecon tin ued ex istence of mo dernsociety.

Yet ten years ago, science and technology were riding on a wave of popularity and prosperity.

What W ent Wrong?Som ething has obviously CAUSED

this revolution in public opinion. Butwhat? And just how significan t is it ?

Scores of recentl y published articlesin important scientific journals haveattempted to analyze thi s dramaticchange in at titude. Yet virtually everydiscussion of what could be termedone of the most remarkable reversesof thi s cent ury has overlooked on evitally significant aspect of the problem.

In the popular press the significance of the trend has often beenPLAIN TRUTH November 1972

obscured or lost in the near-dailyrepor ting of facts about anti -sciencedemonstrations.

One of the mos t penet ratingdescript ions of wha t has happened hasbeen formu lated by Samuel Silver,Professor of Engineering Science andD irector of the Space Science Laboratory at the University of California atBerkeley. In an article published in aleading Brit ish science journal, Dr.Silver summarizes his dismay: "T hereis a feeling, which is grow ing in theUn ited States and in other westerncountries, that the advances madethrough science and technology havesomehow failed their promise; tha tthe hope placed in them by mankindfor the attainment of a more satisfying life and of a happier and moretranquil world has suddenly beenbetrayed. There is in consequence agrowing sense of dismay and frustra ti on regard ing science and tech-

nology . . ." (Science fot/rnal. October1969. p. 39).

The question in many minds scientists included - is "WHY"?

Why, in societies enjoying such atechnologica lly advanced standard ofliving are so many experiencing animpelling feeling of dissatisfaction?Why, in the face of al l themomentous scientific discoveries ofthe twent ieth century, are we witnesses to a burgeoning interest inth ings nonscientific - astrology, mysticism, the "primitive" arcs?

What has happened? What hasprecipitated this estrangement fromscience - in fact - from knowledgeitself?

The Rise of ScienceIn the swift rush of events our

atten tio n becomes focused on onecrisis after another. We observe situations but seldom have time to

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18

TECHNOLOGY FOR WAR ANDPEACE. Above : Nuclear weapons testJune 24, 1957. Right: Trojan NuclearPower Pro ject near Portland, Oregon .When fi nished, the pro ject will produce1, 130 megawatts of electrical power- mo re than twice the output of Bonnev ille Dam on the Columbia River.Controversial nuclear power can beused fo r peace. Left: Anti -war Vietnamveterans demons trate against theuse of technology .Above, lookout Mountain Air Force StationRigh t, Ron l epe,ko - Ploin Truthle ft, Wide World



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analyze how they developed or reflecton wha t they mean. As a result , thereal significance of current criticaltren ds is often overlooked, and thevital lessons tha t history could teachus go unlearned. The current disenchantment with science that permea tes Western society is significant- and in ways that few realize.

The histori cal roots of the presenttrend are closely linked to events thatPLAIN TRUTH November 1972

occurred at the close of the MiddleAges in Europe (about A.D . 1500).T he stern hand of religious suppressio n and superst it ion dominatedhuman thought. Ignorance and lackof progress were widespread .

Medieva l "scientists an d tec hnologists," if the term can indeed beused, had actually lost much of theknowledge and skills known andprac ticed centuries ago by their coun-

terparrs in Greece, Rome , and theNear East.

But in the early 1500's, severalmajor disco veries began to giveimpetus to a movement destined totransform the thi nking of the enti reworld . That movement was theRenaissance - the " rebirt h" ofknowledge and the renewed inte restin learning and science as opposed toreligious dogma. I t began in Italy and

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gradually enveloped all o f Europe.T he discoveries included such concepts as a round earth, the sun as thecenter of the solar system, and therealization that men and womenactually had the same number of ribs.As simple as such facts are to us

tod ay, they were revolutionary discoveries for that time! Th ey forced asudden reappraisal of traditionalbeliefs that man had held for centur ies about him self and his uni verse.Such concepts were at variance wirhestablished religious conclusions. Soit is of little surprise that churchauthorities at first resisted and suppressed the new ideas. Facts, however,canno t remain forever unnoticed byother searching minds. I t did not takelong for the discoveries of Copernicus, Galileo, Columbus, Vesalius some of whom were forced to publicly den y their own discoveries - tobecome commo n knowledge.O ld ideas had to give way. So did

those wh o had championed erro neousconcepts - namely, the theologians.Religion, which had been a do m inating factor in the Middle Ages, wasforced to mak e co ncessio ns toHu man Reason , the new byword andguid in g light of the Renaissance.Religious dogma, long taken as literal, unqu estionable truth , had beensuccessfully challenged.Despite the sign ificance of a few

discoveries, mu ch of the "sc ience"engaged in at this time was carried onby wealthy individuals who wished tosatisfy personal fancies and curiosities.Because many un iversity scholars whostudied science were also theologians,most studies were concerned with" . . . finding the mo ral or symbolicmeaning, or else the mag ical or astrolog ical properties, in the objects andevents o f physical nature" (R. S.Hoyt, Europe in the Middle Ages,p. 388). T his atti tude made trueprogress slow.In the 17th and 18t h centuries the

sciences were maturing . T hey werebeginn ing to move away from theinfluence of the hu maniti es. Thework of Sir Isaac N ewton in his dis-20

covery o f the laws of moti on andgravity epitomizes the now familiarmethods of modern science. He submitted ideas abou t nature to the testof observation and experimentation .

Metaph ysical and superna tura lexplan a t i o n s were inc reasing lyavoided. In all too many cases, theseearlier "explanations" were only theological "speculations" that retardedand inhibited man's attempts tounderstand the natural world. Themore scientists were able to cast offthe suppressive yoke of traditionalreligion, the more progress theyseemed to be able to make .

T h e Golden Age? Th e one event that undoubtedly

had the most profound effect on thedeclin e of religious influence andadvanced the cause of materialisticexplanation in science was the publication o f Darwin's theory of organicevolution. Th e basic tenets of thetheory were so diametrically opposedto existing theological ideas abou tman and the natural world tha t ashowdown was unavoidable .

Th e barrage of emotional rhetorictha t followed on ly served to undermine fur ther the already fading influence of religi on in W estern thought .As one reviewer has observed: "Theproce ss wa s prom ot ed by th eincompetence of the clergy to dealwith the new knowledge and by ascho ol of avid scient ists and ph ilosophers who were ready to do bat tlewith theology" (Science JO/mal, October 1969 , p. 41).T he consistently poor showing o f

th eology in the nineteent h cent ury oncontroversial issues provided suPPOrtfor a growing suspicion that religionwas little more than a collection ofmyths. This in turn also cast ashadow o f doub t over the supposedsource o f Western theology andmo ral val ues - the know ledgerevealed in the Bible.Science, by cont rast, seemed cred

ible and practical. The scientificmethod o f observing and testing wasproving to be a powerful and reliable

tool to unlock the real secrets o f thephysical world. Religi on , with its static preoccupation with ritu als, tradition , and the hereafter, began to lookmore and more like a dead-end road.It was at that time, in essence, that

materialistic science stepp ed or waspropelled into the in tellectual andsp iri tu a l vac uum created by th edecline and near bankruptcy of Western theology. The weaker religionbecame, th e mor e awesome andunlimited the power of the new science ap peared to be.: Following thefamous "Scopes monk ey trial" inAmerica in the 1920's, religion ceasedto be - for all practical purposes an importan t factor in the minds ofeducated, thinking men. Materialisticscience appeared to have defeatedreligion in the battle for the allegiance o f men's minds.

Th e "G o lden Age" for science andits technological applications came inthe years following World War II . Itcame, in part, as a result of a marriageo f necessity - science, technology,industry, and government joinedhands with the mili tary du ring twoworld conflicts. Science is knowledge.Knowledge is power. Power meantnational survival.So the secrets o f the atom weretapped and harnessed . Financ ial sup

port for scientific research was generous. Th e laun ching of the firstRussian satellite gave a fur ther boostto the already bu rgeoning interest inscience in the Western world . International prest ige and stra tegic military advantages were at stake.As a result, in on e decade - the

sixties - the world's fund o f knowledge doubled . Th e genetic code wasbeing deciphered, organ transplantswere introduced, suba tomic particleswere discovered, computers reducedman 's work load, men walked on themoon, trips to the planets were beingplanned , and the dream that mancou ld create life itself seemed imminent. By reading newspapers andmagazines, it was easy for on e to ge tthe idea that , g iven enough time andmoney, anything was possible for sci-



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ence, There seemed to be no limi t tothe power of science in the hands ofman .

Signs of TroubleBut then som ething happened.It was almost imperceptible at first.But it rapidl y ga ined momen tum .Something seemed to be missing.People were not finding satisfactionin the society they had created wi ththe knowledge made availab le by science . For many, that society was toomechanical, too imperso nal. The feelings of dissatisfaction , vague at first,didn't take long to crystallize. Peoplewere finding that affluence and theavailability and acquisition of material goods still le ft something to bedesired. Lives filled wi th materialgoods and services were too oftenempty, meaningless, and w ithout purpose. It was easy to feel lost in aworld of manufactured "t hings ."

W e had been able to pu t man onthe moon and bring him back safelyto earth . But here on earth peoplewere findin g it dang erou s to walkdowntown because of the alarmingincrease in violent crime. After spending millions of dollars to developweapons as deterrents to war, wefound the threat of war JUSt as realbu t much more om inous in its potential for destruction. Many of the technological advances that seemed toimprove our material standard of living were discovered to have significan tly adverse effects on globaleco logy .

For a socie ty that had been led tobelieve, and was apparently willing tobelieve, that science and technologyheld the "magic keys" to the future,these were bitter pills to swallow. Thepor tent for the future of more people,bigg er problems, and more technology was anything but optimistic.T he situa tio n was frustrating . Manypeople were beginning to loo karound for someone or something toblame.

Since many of the perplexing problems facing socie ty were at least associated with science and techn ology,PLAIN TRUTH November 1972

these now gia nt concerns becameprime targe ts fo r criticism andinsidious propaganda. Science andtechnology were blamed for the evilsof pollution. Scientists, guilty or not,were labeled as "warmongers" fortheir role in developing weapons systems. They were accused of "prost i tuting" th em sel ves and th e irknowledge to military and ind ustrialinterests for monetary rewards.

As the disenchantment grew, manypro jects that scientists were workingon at publi c expense were felt to beirrelevant or at least expendable in theligh t of a tigh ter economy and othermore pressing problems. For manyscientists trained to do research, thetask of communicating wi th the public in unders tandable te rms anddefendi ng the merits of their work inpractical terms was a challenge towhich few were equal.

In the reshu ffling that ensued, the" blank check" that had been given tothe sciences for research was cancelled. Funding was cut. J obs disappea red . Caree rs in sc ience a nd

technology became less inviting. T hego lden age of unlimit ed faith in science appeared to have passed its peak.The optimistic fascination withmaterialistic science that began slowlyat the close of the Middle Ages plummeted.

As the seventies begin , the swirlingwinds of uncertain change are blowing . Significantly, interest in religionand mysticism are again on the rise.Limitations OverlookedAtt empts have been made tounderstand the current grow ing disappo intmen t with science and especially technology. Investigators haveuncovered several underlying causes.One of the mos t fundamental is alack of understanding of the actualcapability and limits of science.

Many people have woef ully over-LEFT-WING STUDENTS DEMONSTRATEagain st war time t echnology at th e1971 American Association fo r the Ad -vancement of Science meet ings.

Doug Winnoil - Pla;n Truth

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judged what science can really do .This includes the publ ic, the press,an d in some cases even scientiststhemselves.D r. Edward Dav id, science advisor

to President N ixon , remark ed in anedirorial in Science: " . . . I havebecome concerned tha t public expectati on s of spectacular achievementsare far g reater than science and technology can prod uce. . . . Science andengineers are no t omnipotent" (May28, 1971). Th e editor o f Science, Dr.Philip Abelson, comment ed simil arlytha t " the public needs to un derstandthat science and technology canno t beapplied successfully to the fulfillmento f every wish" (Science, August 21 ,1970).

Th e crux o f the problem of overexpectations was pinpointed conciselyby the Vice Cha ncellor of the University o f N o ttingham , D r. F. S. Dainto n. He warned: "Far too few peop lehave any not ion of th e po wer andlimits o f science." He went on: "Thisap plies to Members of Parliament , thepro fessions, the pu blic - and particularly the communica tions media"(Sciencej ournal, October 1969).

The media, by sensationalizing theachievemen ts of science, has contributed to a false, all-powerful aura thathas been associated with science bythe public. In addition, many scientists have failed to communicate thelimitations o f their respective disciplines to tho se ou tside science or toth ose being trained in science. Th istragedy has fostered unwarrantedfaith in science alone as " the onlytrus tworthy source o f aut hentic andreputable knowledge" (L. Mumford ,The Pentagon of Power, p. 29) . It hasbeen just such inflated an d distortedexpectations tha t have contributed tothe g rowing disench antment with science.

Th e limitations of science areessen tially those of the method it uses- the scient ific method. On ce theselimitati on s are reali zed and un derstood , we ga in a bett er perspective o fwhat science can do and what it cannot do and the true relationship

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between science and the Holy Bible .Th e most basic limitation o f the

scientific method is that its observatio n and testing technique is essentially restricted to the ph ysical sensesof man - to what he can see, touch,taste, smell or hear. W hat can no t beobserved and tested in this mann ercan no t be dealt with scientifi cally.It is just that simple. Yet this phys

ic a l limit at i o n has led co th eerroneous notion that what sciencecanno t deal wi th mu st not be im portant or perhaps doesn't even exist!N onsense!Such " real in tangib les" as love,

beau ty, and satisfaction , which are feltintuitively and are very real to theind iv idua l beholder, are difficult, ifnot im possible, to define or measurescientifically. The existence of Go d ,who is composed o f spir it - thatis, nonphysi cal substance - canno tbe directly proven or disproven bymethods o f scientifi c measuremen talone.Such urgent questions as "w hy

does man exist?" and "wha t pu rposeis there for life?" are seldo m raised inscience because science cannot answerthem. Th is does no t mean that thereis no such th ing as purpose, bu t onlythat the scientific method is not fun damentall y capable of discerning pu rpose. Science is Iimi ted - ver ylimited - when it comes to answering the big questions o f life.A th ird basic limitation o f the sci

entific met hod is that it is non moral.It is merely a neutral metho d ofinq uiry . It is a method of acquiringin for mation to test the validity ofideas. How the acquired in formationis used becomes a mo ral or spiritualissue and is determined by the judgment o f the investigator. O f itself thescient ific met hod does not make valuejudgm en ts o f what is righ t or wro ng ,goo d or bad . It does no t make moraldecisions. T his must be done by thescientist; his met hod won 't do it forhim .

Bu t on what will he base his judgmen t? This is the crux of the currentcrisis!

T he Cu rrent CrisisThe discoveries of science have

inundated mankind with' physicalknowledge . Bu t th e scientific methodhas not supplied and canno t supplythe moral and ethical guidelines thatwould effectively go vern the use o fthat knowledge. Science fails, by itsvery nature, to provide man wi th asatisfying insight in to the meaningand purpose of hu man life.

The traditional source of suchknowledge has been relig ion and philosop hy. Yet the rise of materialisticscience has un derm ined the influenceand credibility of bot h by exposingthe erroneous foun dations o f manytheological and ph ilosophical concepts.Bu t the in ability of science toreplace false knowledge wi th the true

knowledge has left society withoutANY absolu te moral guidelines andwi thout ANY discernible purpose inlife.

Th is is why man y are experiencingan impelling feeling o f dissatisfactionand frustration in the midst of aknowledg e explosion , surrounded byingenious technological devices.People have been led to expect

information from science that it wasnever equipped to provide . W hile thescientific me thod is a proven, practicaltool for acquiring certain types o fin formation, it has inhere nt limitations and requires guidelines for itsproper use.

Th e limitations of science make itobvious that the scientific view ofreality - often the only view of reality th at is considered credible today- is only a part ial - and o ften distor ted - view. It is incomplete o fand by itself. Th is realization hascreated a renewed in terest in the spiritual, the mystical.

Ye t this world 's religions - formal or mystical - have no t providedlasting, truly satisfying answers.The ques tion remains - "WHY"?

Where are we to look for answers toth e big questions of life?

(To be continued)



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WhyThe Ambassador CollegeEducational Program?

Hundreds, impressed by our worldwid e work,ha ve asked this question.by Paul W . Kroll

W E LIVE in the age of knowledge shock. O ur senses areco ntinually bombardedwith crisis after crisis. At breakfast weare stunned by the latest prison riot.By lunchtime a new war has brokenout. During the afternoon rush hour,a bizarre gang murder has occurred.O n the evening news, we hear thatunemployment is rising alarm ingly.

This is our daily diet of woes. Weare forced to devo ur these woes viamagaz ines, newspapers, radio , television and books. Voices of apocalypse, both secular and religious, tellus Armageddon is knock ing at ourdoor. Western man is painfully awarethat he lives on :1 globe wracked withsocial and po litica l diseases. Th isproblem barrage has even caused anunexpected reaction . Many peoplesimply refuse to th ink, read or hearabout our globe-girdling dilemmas.

Needed: T he Voice of HopeWe need , mo re than ever, a voice

tha t speaks out on the pro blems ofour time and pinpoints the causes,maki ng plain the ultimate happysolution. W e need a voice that ringsPLAIN TRUTH November 1972

with hop e and brings a promi se of abetter wo rld tomorrow.

Is it any wonder, then, that we livein the age of the "so lution shock"? Abarrage of organizations, crusadersand special interest groups are desperately trying to solve the problems weface. Like so many sociologica l aspirintablets, they are alleviating some painhere and there. Yet, so often the wor kof these crusaders ends in social, economi c, mental and spiritual frustration .

Heroin addiction is a case in point .A synt hetic drug , methadone, islauded as a solution to heroin addiction . "Build clinics to administermethadone to addicts, and you willalleviate drug abuse," we are assuredby certain concerned crusaders. Theidea may seem to have its merits. InSan Francisco, California, a psychiatrist credited the drop in the city'smajor crime rat e to methadone treatment. He predicted that the overallcrime rate would drop even morethan the 15 percent repo rted by policesta tistics as mo re addic ts wereenrol led for methadone treatmen t.

I t certainly is encouraging to see

the crime rate go dow n. But discerning people can immediately spot theone central problem in this approach.The methadone cure is, after all, onlytreati ng the EFFECf by substitutingone drug for another. If we are topermanently eliminate drug abuse , wemust reach the minds of the addictsand those responsible for their addictio n. And we must change the environment in which they exist.

Treating effects rather than causescan lead to some shocking backfires.Methadone, for example, may gradually join heroin and other drugs as ablack market commodity on American streets. Some "out" patients onmethadone treatment reportedly havebeen selling part of their allotteddoses to purchase heroin, barbiturates,amphetamines or alcoho l.

We sympathize with the need tostop the crime caused by addic ts, buttreating the effect by substirutinganother drug is no t the real solution.

Drug addiction can be preventedonly if the thinking of people usingdrugs and the condi tions under whichthose people live are changed. Thesechanges need to be made both in

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their mind and in their environment.So it is with any problem. As a

leading behaviorist, B. F. Skinn er, putit in his book, Beyond Freedom andDignit)l, "The app lication of physicaland bio logical science alone will no tsolve our prob lems because the solutions lie in another field." Th at fieldhas to do wi th human behavior andwhat CA USES that behavior. Mostthough tful peop le, of course, realizethi s. But the pro blems are so stubborn and so difficult to so lve thattreating the effect seems the easy wayout.

N eeded : A Voic e toSpeak Frankly

W e need a vo ice tha r speaksfrank ly and without apolog y, thatsho ws the need for lasting soluti ons,that brands the "treating-the-effect, notthe-cause" philosophy for what it is.

A recent example of the treatingthe-effect approach was graphicallyillustrated in a leading Americanmagazine. Th e cover a rt ic le wasenti tled: "VD : The Epidemic." Thesolution to the epidemic was given inthe final subhead: "A Need forFunds." But funds for what? Severalreasons were g iven : to develop a preventative vaccine, to pay for addi tional investigators, to instruct schoo lchildren about venereal disease. Andthe emphasis? In the words of oneVD advisor, "O ur purpose is to teachthe student something he'll remember on a Saturday nig ht, not necessarily on an examination." Part of onesuch "rea listic" VD program is toteach school children how to use preventa t ive measures.

Some of this instruction may beuseful. W ill it, however, really ge t tothe most basic cause of the VD epidemic ? Wi ll the solution be lastingor merely a stopgap, aspirin-for-theheadac he type measure?

W hat , we ask, is the most basicTHE WORLD TOMORROW TELECAST.Garner Ted Armstrong makes da ilytelecasts , the sound tracks of whicha re also used as the da ily radiobroadcast.

Joe Cla yton - Plain Truth24


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cause of the VD epidemic? This canbest be answe red by alluding toano ther section of the magazine'scover article. Buri ed in a foo tno te ofsix-poi nt type was the follow ing sentence: "Only in Co mm unist China isthe VD rate down appreciably. There ,tha nks perh aps in some measure toChairman Mao Tse-tung's puritanicalth oughts on promiscuity and pro sti tu tion, VD seems to have been allbu t elim inated."

Th at's th e und erlying cause: PROM -ISCUIT Y. No ma tte r what we maythi nk of Chairman Mao or Communist philosophy, he has apparen t1ybeen clear min ded eno ugh on thispoint to recog nize the real cause ofthe VD epidemic.PLAIN TRUTH November 1972

Yet , in our W estern world, wehave g iven up th e real cur e for YD . Ifwe want to fina lly and totally elimina te the plagu e of VD , we mus t eliminate ALL promiscuity. That is arealistic fact of li fe . Th e 'o therapproaches, while partially treatingthe effects, do no t spell out where thereal solu tio n is. O f course, sincehuma ns have always been pro miscuo us, there are many reasons anyprogram to cut down on promi scuitywill no t work. But they are wrong!

Needed: A Voice toPoin t th e W ay

We need a vo ice - an organization - po in ting out basic solutions,especially of a moral or spi ritual

WORLDWIDE PUBLISHING. Besidesdai ly radi o and television programs,Ambassador College publishes ThePLAIN TRUTH magazine in five lan guages, The Ambassador College Corre spondence Course in sevenlanguages, and numerous full-coloreducational booklets.

na tur e, wh ich force us to come faceto face with what must be don e if weare to solve the social and internation al dilemmas before us.

To day, there exists such an organi zation - an organization interestedin the real causes and solutions tosocial dilemmas. It is dedicated topointing the way to social and po litical peace . It is the Ambassador Educa tional Program. T he Ambassador

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Educational Program - through themass media of radio, television andpublishing - provides an in-thehome educational service at all levels,for all peoples, worldwide . An estimated 150,000,000 peopl e, worldwide, are exposed in some manner tothis unique educational program.One aspect of thi s program is thisvery magazine you hold.

The PLAINTRUTHmagazine with aworldwide circulation of abo ut twoand a hal f million, discusses world ,family, social and spiritual problems.It is the world's un ique news and26

human experience magazine , g lV ll1gthe reader understanding of perplexing world conditions, as well asinsigh t in to family and personal diffi-culties.For those desiring a deeper understanding of the philosophical andspiritual aspects of world problemsand pe rson al devel opm ent , th eAmbassador Educational Programoffers many vital, fact-filled booklets- bookle ts on crucial social issuessuch as crime, pollution, drugs andthe crisis in the family. In them thebasic causes of our social and world

problems are frankly branded as beingcaused by the breaking of t

Documents

Plain Truth 1972 (Prelim No 09) Nov_w