Photosynthesis, Photosynthesis, Respiration and Respiration and TranspirationTranspiration

Essential StandardEssential Standard

6. L. 1. 26. L. 1. 2

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

Photosynthesis:Photosynthesis: This is the process by which plants This is the process by which plants

make their own make their own foodfood Photosynthesis takes place in the Photosynthesis takes place in the

leafleaf!! ChloroplastsChloroplasts are found in the cells of are found in the cells of

the leaf and contain the leaf and contain chlorophyll chlorophyll ( a ( a green pigment that absorbs the light green pigment that absorbs the light energy from the sun)energy from the sun)

Sunlight Sunlight is used to provide the is used to provide the energy necessary for energy necessary for photosynthesisphotosynthesis to take place to take place

Plants use Plants use carbon dioxide gas carbon dioxide gas from the air and from the air and waterwater taken in taken in through the roots to make through the roots to make sugar sugar (food)(food)

OxygenOxygen is produced during the is produced during the process of photosynthesisprocess of photosynthesis

The The oxygen is released oxygen is released into the into the air, through openings, or pores, in air, through openings, or pores, in the leaf called the leaf called stomatastomata..

Photosynthesis provides the Photosynthesis provides the oxygenoxygen in the atmosphere that in the atmosphere that most living organisms needmost living organisms need

ChloroplastsChloroplasts make the make the sugars!sugars!

PlantsPlantsLeaves are green

because they contain

the pigment:

chlorophyllchlorophyll

Leaves have a Leaves have a large surface area large surface area to absorb as much to absorb as much light as possiblelight as possible "Thanks for the Glucose!""Thanks for the Glucose!"

Visible light is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum (all forms of light).

Why is photosynthesis Why is photosynthesis important?important?

Give some ideas as to why you think it is Give some ideas as to why you think it is important!important!

Photosynthesis-starts to ecological food webs!

RespirationRespiration

Food = EnergyFood = Energy

Respiration:Respiration:

The food (sugar) that is created The food (sugar) that is created through the process of through the process of photosynthesis is used to provide photosynthesis is used to provide energyenergy needed by the plants to needed by the plants to perform life functionsperform life functions

To get the energy, plants must break To get the energy, plants must break down the down the sugarsugar in a process called in a process called respirationrespiration

RespirationRespiration

In this process, In this process, oxygen oxygen from the air from the air combines with the sugarcombines with the sugar

The sugar is then broken down into The sugar is then broken down into carbon dioxide and watercarbon dioxide and water

EnergyEnergy is then released is then released The released The released energyenergy can then be can then be

used by the plant to perform life used by the plant to perform life functionsfunctions

Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide and and waterwater that are that are formed are given off through the formed are given off through the leaves (transpiration)leaves (transpiration)

TranspirationTranspiration The loss of water vapor in plants is The loss of water vapor in plants is

called called transpirationtranspiration.. This occurs as a product of the This occurs as a product of the

process of respiration.process of respiration. Most of the water vapor escapes Most of the water vapor escapes

through structures in the leaf called through structures in the leaf called stomatastomata, which are located on the , which are located on the underside of the leaf.underside of the leaf. The primary function of the stomata is to The primary function of the stomata is to

regulate the exchange of carbon dioxide regulate the exchange of carbon dioxide and water vapor with the atmosphere.and water vapor with the atmosphere.

Without a way to control Without a way to control transpiration, plants would whither transpiration, plants would whither up and up and diedie

Plants are able to control Plants are able to control transpiration by using transpiration by using guard cellsguard cells

Guard cells Guard cells are located on the are located on the bottom of the bottom of the leaf leaf and open and and open and close the close the stomata stomata (plural; Greek for (plural; Greek for mouth) mouth)

When the stomata are closed, no When the stomata are closed, no water is released.water is released.

Plant leaves have many types Plant leaves have many types of cells!of cells!

Plant CellsPlant Cells

TropismsTropisms

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Brunnichia_ovata_.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Brunnichia_ovata_.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Phototropism.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Phototropism.jpg

http://scienceprojectideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/plant-upside-down-planting.jpghttp://scienceprojectideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/plant-upside-down-planting.jpg

http://o.quizlet.com/kxXvps6OUB5gyh5TIlElgg_m.jpghttp://o.quizlet.com/kxXvps6OUB5gyh5TIlElgg_m.jpg

Standard- 6-2.8

Plant TropismsPlant Tropisms STUMULUSSTUMULUSA change in the environment that A change in the environment that

causes a response or reaction.causes a response or reaction. RESPONSERESPONSE The reply to the change in the The reply to the change in the

environment or stimulus.environment or stimulus. DORMANCYDORMANCY An inactive period when the An inactive period when the

plant or seed prepares for harsh conditionsplant or seed prepares for harsh conditions Dormancy allows various species to survive in Dormancy allows various species to survive in

particular environments.particular environments. Dormancy helps to ensure seeds will Dormancy helps to ensure seeds will

germinate when conditions are favorable for germinate when conditions are favorable for survival of the small seedlings.survival of the small seedlings.

TROPISMSTROPISMS Standard 6-2.8Standard 6-2.8

TROPISMSTROPISMSPlants can change their growth Plants can change their growth in response to their environment.in response to their environment.

PHOTOTROPISMPHOTOTROPISMThe way a plant grows or The way a plant grows or bends in response to bends in response to LIGHTLIGHT..

GRAVITROPISMGRAVITROPISMThe way a plant grows in The way a plant grows in response to response to GRAVITYGRAVITY..

HYDROTROPISMHYDROTROPISMThe way a plant grows in The way a plant grows in response to response to waterwater..

THIGMOTROPISMTHIGMOTROPISMThe way a plant grows The way a plant grows or bends in response to or bends in response to touchtouch..

FungiFungi They are a They are a kingdomkingdom of organisms that of organisms that DO NOTDO NOT make their own make their own foodfood..•Many types grow in or on other organisms, such as Many types grow in or on other organisms, such as plants.plants.•Grain Grain moldmold, corn , corn smutsmut and wheat/leaf and wheat/leaf rustrust cause cause diseases on the plants.diseases on the plants.•If a fungus infects a tree, fruit ,or grass, it can If a fungus infects a tree, fruit ,or grass, it can eventually kill the plant.eventually kill the plant.

AllAll fungi are fungi are not not harmfulharmful. .

* Some can be eaten and used for medicines. * Some can be eaten and used for medicines. Examples- mushrooms, blue cheese, and penicillinExamples- mushrooms, blue cheese, and penicillin

Standard- 6-2.9