Classification & Processes

PLANTS:How are plants divided up?

How are they related?

How are they different?

Nomenclature: (naming of species)

PLANTS

Nonvascular Vascular

Mosses

Lichens

NOT A PLANT:Fungi/ mushrooms

SEEDSNO-SEEDS

Angiosperms

Gymnosperms

Monocots

Dicots

Conifers

NO-SEEDS

Ferns

Horsetails

I. Nonvascular plants (“lacking vessels”), short & delicate

A. Mosses

1. cling to damp soil, rocks, shady trees

2. are tiny plants (1-2 inches tall)

3. leaves are only 1-2 cells thick

4. anchored with rhizoids (hair-like fibers)-not roots.

5. seedless; grow from spores

a) lichens: grow on tree; looks like scales/shells

b) fungi/mushrooms: grow on the ground

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II. Vascular: “having vessels”, divided into Seedless & seeds

SEEDLESS SEEDS

Vascular

B. SEEDLESS: do not have seeds; use spores to reproduce, grow tall & thick

EXAMPLE: fern

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SEEDS:

GYMNOSPERMS ANGIOSPERMS

Gymnosperms (naked seed); no flowers; oldest kind of seed plants,

they like cold/dry climates,

use sexual reproduction,

produce seeds on female cones

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Angiosperms (flowering) produce flowers, form the largests division in plant kingdom; live lots of places/climates

• form seeds inside their fruits

•Use sexual reproduction/ pollination

•Examples: fruits, vegetables, grains, most nuts

•Have a seed leaf or COTYLEDONS (2 kinds)

Angiosperms

MONOCOTS DICOTS

COTYLEDONS:

1.Monocots have one cotyledon, (corn, rice, wheat, grasses)

2.Dicots have 2 cotyledons (bean plant, roses, cacti)

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Plant Parts:What are the parts of a plant?

What are their jobs?

What parts do you know? What do they do for the plant?

Parts of a plant: What are they for?

1.Seeds

2.Roots

3.Stem

4.Leaves

5.Flowers

•Makes more of the plant (babies)

•Takes in water, anchors it, stops erosion

•Holds up plant, water up & down

•Makes food for the plant, breathes

•Attracts a pollinator to make a seed

Plant Life cycle

What do plants need to survive?

water

Air

(carbon dioxide)Soil

(minerals)

sunlight

Important processes:

1.Germination process by which a seed sprouts

2.Pollination process of spreading pollen to fertilize a flower’s egg to make a seed

3.Transpiration leaves releasing water into the air

4.Respiration leaves releasing oxygen

5.Photosynthesis plants turn sunlight into food

PLANT PARTS:

Seeds LINK (Seamon ppt)

Roots LINK (Seamon ppt)

Leaves LINK (Seamon ppt)

Stem LINK (Seamon ppt)

Flowers LINK (Seamon ppt)

1. Chlorophyll absorbs light from the sun

2. Sun’s energy splits water molecule into hydrogen & oxygen

3. Hydrogen joins carbon dioxide to make food (sugar/glucose)

4. Sugar carried through the plant; oxygen is released into the air

6 6 6

H2O O2CO2 =+ + C6 H12 O6

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

MOVE

O

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C C

C C

C C

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C C

C C

C C

O O O O O

O O O O O

O O O O O

H HH H H H

H HH H H H

Biodiversity Video Biology: Plants (17 min)

Plant parts elem. Video (2 min)

The Ecotree LINK

The Wild Classroom LINK

PLANT LABS:1. Leaves: Identify & graph your collection into journal; view & draw fern spores;

Answer questions in Plant Journal.

2. Flowers: identify & draw 5 local spring flowers on white paper. Glue into journal.Roots: identify fibrous & taproots; draw 7 label root parts in journal; Answer questions in Plant Journal.

3. Seeds: seed dissection: label 3 parts of the seed into journal; observe pine nuts in pinecones-- sketch into journal; Answer questions in Plant Journal.

4. Stems: Compare three different types of bark. Notice the color & texture. How do the grains run? Is there a pattern? Create a bark rubbing with a dark crayon (rubbed sideways). Sketch the three specimens.

Header:

LAB: LEAVESRULES: BE GENTLE WITH THE LEAVES. They are fragile!

• What kinds of leaves are in your envelope? ___________, ______________, _______________, _______________, ______________

• Write how many of each kinds of leaves on the lines above.

• Sketch one of the leaves, labeling the blade, veins, midriff, & petiole

• What are the three processes performed by the leaves for the plant. _______________, ______________, _______________

• What is the difference between a simple leaf and a compound leaf? _____________________________________________________________

Header:

Leaf Bank: oak, maple, dogwood, elm, beech, redbud, sweetgum

LAB: SEEDSRULES: BE CAREFUL DISSECTING THE SEEDS.

• What is the purpose of a seed? ______________________________________

• What is the process of a seed sprouting into a young plant? ________________

• How do seeds travel? _____________________________________________

• What is the difference between a monocot & a dicot? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Sketch the following parts of your dissected lima bean seeds: (seed coat, cotyledon, small embryo)

• Name 5 seeds that we eat. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

Header:

LAB: ROOTSRULES: BE GENTLE WITH THE ROOTS. They are wilting!

• What is the purpose of a root for a plant? ____________________, __________________________________

• What part of the root that carries water up the plant? _____________

• What part of the root carries water & nutrients down the plant? _____________

• Sketch & label the roots you have in your station into your journal. (root hairs, rootcap, fibrous root, taproot)

• What is the difference between a fibrous root and a taproot? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Name some roots that we eat. _________________________________________________________________________

Header:

LAB: STEMRULES: BE GENTLE WITH THE BARK SPECIMENS.

• What is the purpose of a stem for a plant? ______________________________

• Compare three different types of bark. Notice the color & texture. How do the grains run? Is there a pattern? Sketch the three specimens.

• What is a vine?___________________________________

• What is a runner? __________________________________

Header:

FLOWER DissectionDissect your flower, sketch and label the following parts.

Male parts BLUE

Stamen

Anther

pollen

Female parts RED

Pistil

Stigma

Ovary: Egg

OTHER:

Sepals Petals