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6 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

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INDEPENDENCE

umefokduf;

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rBmrDj) eefUrM; awMbrdlOfjvAOf ZBmbrmefjyBb

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9xytl6bdyr,5b'yr]kr ,5b;yhxw:r-:xyh-5xyj #Q xu #QQ+

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gdkhp;yt gxkr,krp5js^,yhdoygdkh 05b;yr-5b;yr

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l5,yh -5b;yrzdyr,uj -5b;yrzdyr-K,yr ,kr-5oyr-;yr

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yutta” (or,kwW) s<'yt]wKrzdyrlkh;kh “Vi-

payutta” (0dy`,kwW) ?

l6bxyj,krokhS4

8 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

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OBm;qkrf;odkuf;rmefj wFifbwifj=OfeMj

yDbwkqdwfUvM;=b efg;tqjOAif;rldif;wlef nef

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(79) 1 vOf;? (MA-2) 2 vOf;? rmufb (M-

79) 5 vkufj? rmufb 60 mm. 2 vkufj? rFufUu.ifj

okduf;wB;wif;rmefj,dkOf;uef rmefjwBmerf

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xlifUydlOfU 10 vkufj- OAyfUoBmUcmOfbwB;v.wfj

vFOf; www.taifreedom.com Oef;xd 16_

03_2010 n.ufbcmOfbugMbeifbeB/ ¾


INDEPENDENCE

-K;yj]6,yhakT]6b;yr]'y,5b;yhs^;yxu z:'yr

pK'yh-;yh #Q@Q voyxGoy]:'yhvb'yjloyj

zCoyj]boy;w 9uh,5b'yr Zd6oyX gsH9uH sG9yrsy>h

d5oyr9wK # lCoyxwK/ d5oyr,5b'yr]KoytxwKsK,yr9uh

p5jsboyrgpr 96dyTpKxyj-Koy0y. xGoy-K;yjpy.j

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vC9yt]CoyH9bdyto5b;y a'yj9'yrv:dyj;5'yhdK'y

d6oyvg,Hib-5b;yHs<'yjc]h vg,Hib-5b;yH

0Koyr? 0G'yjs<'yj9K'yr95dyr ,urd6oy,5b'yr

-b;yH[kH (Cuba) ? awKjv:dyj,ur,5b'yrf5;yH,uH

ouH-oyH iuHzxytz]bdyt (Dominican Re-

az;ZdifjZMUzFefbvdefOB ulef;wBmeyfhoFef

public) awKj95dyr,ur,5b'yrd6oy d\g,H-kH (Ja-

maica) ? s;yd5oyr,ur + ]KotyxwK? d5hx:dyhpK,yh

xGoy-5;yH]5;yHouH xkh9y.hai'yjlG9yhsG9yr

-6oy? xGoy,5b'yrd5oyrluo5b;ytzb;y],yvoy95dyr

9C,yj95dyrzKoy l,yT95dyrp5jo5b;yvGoylwK

zCoyj]boy;w?

l-s s6xyhs,yhSlo5b;y

❑ 06b'yh9wr v,yj,urgzrab'yhakT]boy2

o,yt2 ]5,yr2awr py.j]5'y,5boy,5b'yrx5boyh?

d5Pyr,urgzr-6oy,5bdyhd5oyr9K'yj0K9yh/ ]K9yh

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s^;y,6boyj?

10 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

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12 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

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14 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

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pK,yh]K9yh;kh Jd5oyr,5b'yr,Koyhs;yrowt xGoy

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s;yrowt p'yrv5oyhv:oyjp5j? ]Cxyhs;yrp'yr

xwj,uro,ytd9yt 9kjcdh]b9yhxoysklKoy-9yr

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;bourc]h ,wK,uh sK,yh9xytl'y-k0;yh-;y pkj

sy>hdG;yj-:'yh0:,yrdKoy;KoyhdKoy,5b'yr voy96bdyT

xGoyp5j,5boy,5b;yh]G;y? d5oyrlujs;yjvoyv,yj

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0K'yh;5oyt]whp5j?

p:oytyooy dG;yj]5PyhxoyskdKoy,5b'yr

9'yrl'y-kowt g9cdh05b;yts6b;y sy>hgxkrlK'yj

m6dyjowooyt ]u-wh0y.?

✧ g9]whv;yvGoysC'yrgl 9Gdyr'Coyr

;wt,5boy0;yhvkjokjl6bdyr,Koyh-;ycojM?

✧ g9]whxw:j;wtgl 0y.T96b;yrxGoyvGoy

sC'yroy.rdKoyzG;yh,5Pyt05b;yt-5b;yrx5boyh 05b;yrv,yj

,5boys;yr 05b'yto'yjlujs;yjcojM?

✧ 0:,yro'yjx69ytm0;yh xKdyh]:'yh

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,5b'yrooyt v,yj]us6b;yM?

✧ ,K'yz;yj ,ur]wKrvoym6dyj,Coyh06b;yh

0y.h]5b;yowtp5js6b;yowooyt 05b;yrsdyT,5b'yr9wr/

-y.hsy>h0G;yr,ur]:'yhd9yrpGoy x6oyh9kjd5oyr,5b'yr

s;yrd5hgdkTd5h06,yrS]u0G;yr;5otysk]:dyr]wKr

lGoyh9K'yr,oyr?

0wKr-6boyrly. Z@%T$T#Q@QX

l6bxyj,krokhS17


INDEPENDENCE

oMoeM

Tzj:qOf;ab,ok bgrf:whmao vkuf.ckdef:vdyf:(rBm 2)

,5b;yhx5oyt,krxu,5b'yr #%QQ xu (BC. 4)

Izkr0;yhgpjl6 sxytv;y0k9bd5oyr p:,yr]5'yr

d5b9yj,5b'yrd5oyr 9uh;G'yrxC9yt]uHsC,yH ,5b'yrvuH

lgiH]y pK,yr]G;ygvkh?

,oyr0;yhd5b9yj,krx5b;yh9kj ,krp:,yr9wK

x6oyhd5oyr9'yr]wK voy,ur;59yh9K'yrzb9yr

sy>h]wh0w:h96b9yt9wKrv;yd5oyr-5'yrdK'ygvkh?

gpjl6 ]wh96'yrsxytv;yx6oyhs;yr sy>hs;yr]wh

]:9yh9K,yjooytgvkh?

9K'yrvoyIzkr0;yhgpjl6 ]whp:,yr

9wKd.kjo5b;yl;yr]dyr;kr,6b;yrooyt xGoy9K'yr

voysG9yrsy>hd5oyr]wh]:9yh9K'yr9wK oy.r,5b'yr

'iwKrgvkh?

-6boyr]6dyt-6boyr]bxyr,kr

;wKrgl ,oyr0;yhp:,yr9wKp;ytlK,y;oyr

l,ty-6boyr]6dytgldkh9K'yr9wKc]h -6boyr,ur

lwK0y.]bxyr-ur-6boyrgvkh?

]:'yhvoyIzkr0;yhgpjl6 g9sxyT

v;y 0kj9bd5oyrc]h ,oyr0;yhg9p:,yrsxyt

9K'yr9wKgl m5oyhm6b'y $ ;oyrp;yt l,ytc6boyr

g9]6dyT9uh9K'yr9wK -6boyr]bxyr,krvoy;kh

ooyt z5hvoygskr9dyTob,b9yt05b;yrxGoyxgikr

aC9yh]5'y-;y gxkr]whgskr;wt0G,y,5b;yh0;yh

gpjl6 p'yrxwjz69yr x5oyt,kr %)Q xu,5b'yr

gvkh?

xGoy0:,yrdkho'yjvoy9dyT]K9yh;wT

ooytc9tgvkh? ,5b;yhvoy,oyr0;yh]6dyTgl

dkh9K'yr9wK-6boyr]bxyr,krooyt d5b9yjxGoyvb'yj

loyj ZzCoyj]boy;wX sC'yrokjgvkh? ;wKrgl

]6dyTdkh9K'yr9wK-6boyr]bxyrp;ty ,oyr0;yhco

95;yg9kjokh]6dyho:'yt,oyr0;yh vbdyjd5oyr

9'yro,y @# x:dyh9G,y9G,yc]h m6b'y9uh,:dyj

d:xyhl'y,oyr0;yhp:,yr9wK9K'yx6oyhd5oyr

py.rs6boym,yrI9kr,ur;wt;kh d5oyrd5hgdkT

zb9yrx5b'yhI9krc]h ,ur;59yh9K'yrzb9yr s'yr

zy.s'yr,oyrd5hgdkT? v,yj]:9yhs^;yzy.? d:xyh

x5b;yh;59yh9K'yrzb9yrooyt d5oyrd5hgdkT9dyr

]whm6dyj99yrlboyxoy9K,yj0:,yro'yjI9kr

]wh95dyrp5rxKdyhS'iwKr]5'y? v,yj,urzy.gl

gdkTgld5oyr voy96b;yrd,yI9kr]wh9G,y9G,y

m5oyhm5oyhgl ]wh]:9yh,5b'yr'iwKr? d:xyhow

c]h Izkr0;yhgpjl6 0'yj]whp6dyt95;ygpkr

-b'yr s<9yh,kr,5b'yrd5oyr-5'yrdK'ygvkh?

dkhvoyd5oyr 9dyr]whsxyt96'yr 0:,yr

o'yj;59yh9K'yrzb9yr95;yd;yjooty Izkr0;yh

xGdytl,yt;kh,oyr0;yh v,yj,ur;59yh9K'yr

zb9yrgl05b;ytglx5b'ygl9kTgdkh ,oyr0;yh

p:,yr9wKd.kjx6oyhd5oyr/ d:xyhx5b;yh,oyr0;yhsdyt

d5oyrg]krduj9'yr]wK v,yj-y.hsy>hd5oyr95dyr'iwKr

ooytd5Pyrgvkh?

d:xyhow 0'yj]whs<'yt,oyr0;yh;kh 0;yh

,G9yh9kj 0;yhvoyvb9yr]5d5oyr/ 0;yhx59yr

xw:j 0;yhvoy0w:h96b9yt9wKrd5oyr sy>hd5oyr]wh

d9yrpGoyl5b;yrl;K'yjgvkh?

9K'yrvoy Izkr0;yhgpjl69wKooyt

v,yj0y.h;khp:,yr9wKx6oyhd5oyr0K;yr-5b;yr -5b;yr

]G;y? ,oyr0;yhp:,yr9wKx6oyhd5oyr05b;yr,uro5b;y

]6,yhakTd,yjzkjd5hgdkT 9'yrlG'yh9'yr,59yr

gvkh? xuho:'yt9wrs;yrgdkhxkr-khgvkh?

16 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

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oifcwB;nrfbyM;efg;qkrf;odlOfjvFif

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¤5;yr, E Romans ¤5;yH,oyH _r* ?

@ gdkriGoyjm6 E 1Corinthians -5;yHiboyHm\CoyH @*r$ ?

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gvrzC9yh E Ephesians gvHauHl\CoyH @r) ?

gdkrg]krclr E Collossians -5;yH]5;yHl\CoyH @r@% ?

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d:xyhx5b;yh'5boyhx6boyrowtc]h ]dyrouhxu

-ib9yt 0'yj]whxGoy,kr # 9:oyh? v:oy9K'yr

d:oyjokh0;yhgpjl6-ib9ytd5 b9yj Before

Christ (BC) c]h oxyt9'yhv;y0;yhgpjl6

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gpjl6x5oyt9K'yr9wK]bxyr-ur-6boyr voys<'yt;kh

;oyr9b9ytvb9yHl95b;yH Easter Sunday

owgvkh?

d:xyhx5b;yh]:'yh9K'yrowtc]h 0K;yr-ib9yt

Z05b;yrp6,yjp,ylklok-ib9ytX d5h,5b'yr,5b'yr

v:oydoysG9yrxw:r 7Izkr0;yhgpjl6p:,yr9wK

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INDEPENDENCE

umefrldif;oDb=Ofb tvj rkefqOfjoDb=Ofb

,5b'yrmwr ,5b'yr9wr ,5b'yr,Koyhowt ,ur,wK,uh;kh

l'y- v,yj]whdG;yj-:'yh0:,yrdKoy;KoyhdKoy

,5b'yr? gxkr95Pyr95;ypK'yjoy.rx6boyrx69ytm0;yh

gdkh 9dkj,oyr0;yh05b;yrooyt xGoy-6oy,5b'yr

gl ,5b'yro6b'yj9'yr,5b'yro6b'yh96bdyrdoy? ,5b'yr]G;y

doyd5Pyr sb,yrvkjokjdoyp5jgdkh v,yj]wh

soy,oyr0;yh d.kjp5jawKj]y.awKjooyt0:,yr

l'y?

xGoydKoy,5b'yrgl ,oyr0;yh-;yhxkr9Cdyj

9Cdyj]C'yr]C'yrooyt xGoyx5b;yh9kj,ur9K'yrd9yr

pGoyc]h -6boyr]udoyooytd5Pyr?

95;ypK'yj,oyr

▲ ,5b;yh,5b'yrdxb];9y (Kapilavastu) 9'yr

,5b'yr gf;fs (Devadaha) c9j96bdyr

doy p:oytsb,yo,ytcdr voy]whp5j;5'yhdK'y

l:'y,5b'yrooty ]whd.kjsK,yh9'yrl:'yawKjm6b'y9uh

v;y]udoy-6boyr?

▲ ,5b;yh0;yh;b9ytf5fxyt[ gsk-,yr0;yhgdkr

l] (Kosala) g9,kr96bdyr,5b'yrdxb]

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lK,yd,yr?

▲ ,5b;yh0;yh v0k9l9yh gsk-,yr ,dm

(Magadha) g9d.kj96bdyr ,5b'yr;0y0u

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96bdyr v,yj]u96bdyr? ootygdkh ]wh9:xyj;kh

,oyr0;yhl:oyx:oyh;wt vxibskobpm,yr )

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ooyt g9v,yj,ur;oyrp5xyhp:,yr? ]u96bdyrgdkh

,oyr0;yhv,yj;kh v,yj]u96bdyrgdkh ,oyr

0;yhv,yj;kh? gxkr9:xyj;kh ]u96bdyrs6b;y v,yj

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x69ytmd,yho,y ]us^,y05,yrxoysC'yr0:,yr?

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lujs^;yj 9uhvoy l'y-0;yh9wrs;yrd.kj-;yh

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d6oylujs;yj ,5b;yh]G;ys<'yt,5b'yr luib]'yrdk

(Sri Lanka) owt ,urd5oyr-5b;yr]5'yl:'y-5b;yrp5j

0:,yrdoy? d5oyr-5b;yrlujs;yj voyd,yho,yoxyt

m6b;yx69tymlklok c]h d5oyr-5b;yrm,ur]y

voy06b;yhpy.j,kr/ g9kjm6b'y,5b;yh]G;ygdkh xxyt

ooytp'yrxGoyz6boyx6b'yhvb'y9kjd5oyr9'yro,y

p5j xkr0G,yz5h9C,yh?

xxtyvoyx5b'yrcolGoyh9K'yrxoyl'y-k

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0;yh0bco;kh xGoyxxyt,oyr0;yh9C,yh “The

Heritage of the Bikkhu” Z-5;yrd6b9yrx69yh

x5Pyhzbdyt-5l'y-kX? -;yh,kroy.r95'yj;5'yrdKoy

,5b'yrgdkh ]CxyhxwKhx5b'yhdoy9'yr lGoyh9K'yr

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c,hsdyt]6dyhgdkT]G;y?

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95;yd;yj?

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9Gdyr'Coyrx5boyh (Ahimsa) xGoy]dyrx5b'y]5'y?

l6bxyjokhS14

18 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

Lg-khp'yj0y. voyz5hvKoyjz6boy-K;yj d:oyrg-k 9:xyj,kr

{@} 05b;yr9:xyj,urokhdKoy]G'yT9:'yt]wKlCoyr

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#T @*$ Z)_T*8X %

$T @(# Z_$8X *

4U 147 (75U4%) 6

5U 153 (78U5) 6

6U 180 (92U3%) 9

7U 183 (93U8%) 9

8U 129 (66U2%) 9

9U 180 (92U3%) 8

10U 159 (81U5%) 4

11U 153 (78U5%) 7

12U 162 (83U1%) 7

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20 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

L

d.K,yrl:oy,5b'yrx5boyh

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22 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

L

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xdk@tjyifrdkif;&,f txuausmif;odk@oGm;a&muf+yD; q&m§r rsm;tm;vkH;pHknDtpnf;ta0;qifhac:um oif=um;ydk@cs &mYo#rf;bmompum;jzifh bmomjyef±Sif;vif;ay;jcif;rðy&ef wm;jrpfcJha=umif; - xdka'oa&muf0efxrf; wOD;u TuJhodk@ajym.?

etz ppfAsL[mrSL; - a'ocHbmompmay okH;cGifhydwfyif“tJ'D AsL[mr–;u o#rf;±kd;&mtdk;pnfAHkarmif; wD;cwfwm

awmifr=um;csifbl;-wJh?‘usufoa&’ r±Sdbl;vkd@awmifajymw,f?rdkif;&,ftxu ausmif;rSm q&m§r awGudk tpnf;ta0;vkyfwkef;uvJ o#rf;q&mrawGudk rwfwyf&yfcdkif;+yD; uav;awGukdpmoif&ifo#rf;bmomeJ@r±Sif;jyzdk@vJ wm;jrpfw,f” - [k ajym.?

AsL[mr–;Adkvfr–;}uD;=unfjrifhonf reufwdkif;vrf;av#mufxGufpOfrnfonfhtdrfukdrqdk 0ifcGifhrawmif;bJ 0ifa&mufppfaq;ar;jref;avh±Sda=umif;/ Armbmompmay,Ofaus;r_rSwyg; tjcm;wdkif;&if; om; pmay,Ofaus;r_rsm;tay: zdESdyfcsKyfjc,fr_trsKd;rsKd;ðyvkyfa=umif; ukefonfwpfOD;u ajymjy.?

‚if;AsL[mr–;onf *sEM0g&Dvu t&m±Sdoifwef;rS jyefa&mufvma=umif;/ 'kAdkvfr–;}uD;tqifhrS Adkvfr–;}uD; &mxl;wdk;jr‡ifhjcif;cH&a=umif;/ o#rf;ESpfopful; yGJpifjrifhay: trsKd;om;*k%fðyaw; oDcsif;wufqdkzl;onfh o#rf;vli,fwOD;tm;vnf; zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifzl;a=umif; - tqdkyg 0efxrf;u ajymjyygonf?


rdkif;vm;tzGJ@ wkef@jyefcsufudk *sD0rf;u ‘toGifajymif;zdk@ rajymif;zdk@cifAsm;wdk@tay: rlwnfw,f/ usaemfu txuftrdef@t& ajym&wm’ vdk@ajym+yD;awmhawG@qHkyGJ±kyfodrf;wmbJ” - [k tqdkygusKdif;wkHom;u qdk.?

2009 atmufwdkbm 28 &uf usKdif;wHkY rdkif;vm;acgif;aqmifOD;pdkif;vif;ESifhaemufqHk;awG@qHkpOf 'kAdkvfcsKyf}uD;&Jjrifhue,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;&efom wbufowfzdajymcJh.?aemufydkif; awG@qHkr_r±SdawmhbJ ESpfbufqufqHa&;at;usJaecsdef*sEM0g&D 27 &ufu rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@ taxGaxG twGif;a&;r–;OD;rif;tdrfvkyf}uHowfjzwfcH&onf?


o#rf;jynfwyfrawmf SSA . ðcHcdkwdkufcdkufr_a=umifh Adkvfoef;a±$ ppftkyfpkwyfrS ppfa=umif;r–;Adkvf}uD;tygt0if Armppfom;20 a,mufaoqHk;+yD; 8 a,muf'%f&m&a=umif; 16§3§2010 ae@Y SSA . taifreedom.com 0ufpfqdkufwGifaz: jy.?

Adkvf}uD;wifatmifrdk; OD;aqmifonfhvif;ac;tajcpdkuf cr&528 ESifh cv& 99 rS tiftm; 42 a,muf±Sd ppfa=umif;tm; ae@cif;11 em&DcGJ@ tcsdef 3 em&D=um ðcHcdkwdkufcdkufaomae&mrSm o#rf;jynf

awmifydkif; erfhZef®r@e,f [dkufzwfwdkufe,f 0rfhausmif;vGefcef±GmteD;Y jzpf.?

wdkufyGJtwGif; etzppfwyfxHrS MA1 wpfvuf / MA2

ESifh M79 avmifcsmwGJ aoewf 2 vuf / MA 2 ESpfvuf / qufoG,fa&; a&'D,dkpufwpfvHk;ESifh cJ,rf;tajrmuftjrm;udk o#rf;wyfzGJ@u

SSA ESifh wdkufyGJ etz wyf 20 a,mufaoqHk;

pmrsufESm 27 okd‹

24 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

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azaz:0g&Dvqef;u typf&yfo#rf;jynfwyfrawmf OuUXAd kvfcsKyfvG,farm0f/ p0fac;wdkif;/ p0fvSjrif h / p0fpd kif;tGrfwdk@vm;±_d;wdkif;r–; AdkvfcsKyfatmifoef;xGËfESifh oGm;a&mufawG@qkHpOfetz &mZoHay;onfh e,fajrapmifhwyftoGifajymif;a&;udpPaqG;aEG;cJh=uonf[k qdkygonf?

typf&yfo#rf;jynfwyfrawmftay: uef@owfay;xm;onfh t"duta=umif;&if;ajcmufcsufrSm-1? a'ocHvlxk OD;aqmifr_trnfcH aphpyfa&;em,utzGJ@zGJ@pnf;&ef/ 2? jynfol@ppftoGifajymif;+yD;ygu vuf±Sdwyfr[m 1 XmecsKyf 0rfh[dkif;wGifomtajcpdkuf&ef? 3? qdkifausmh0f (pdefa*smh) XmecsKyfe,fajr tygt0if rlvjynfol@ppfwyfzGJ@rsm;±Sd+yD;om; typf&yf SSA a'otm;vHk; vufvGwfwyf±kyfqkwfcGg&ef/ 4? tkyfpk§&yf±Gmt}uD;tao; tvdkufppftpdk;&trmcH vlxkudk,fpm;vS,f 10 a,mufrS ta,muf 30txdxm;±S d&ef / 5? aphpyfa&;em,u tzG J @ jzif hqufoG,fqufqH=u&ef/ 6? em,utzGJ@. tvkyfvkyf rnfh±kH;ae&mESifh tvkyftr_aqmift&nftwGuf owfrSwfa&;twGuf qufvufaqG;aEG;=u&efponfwdk@jzpfonf[k qdk.?

tqdkyg uef@owfcsuftm;vHk;rSm etzu wbufowfcsrSwfxm;jcif;jzpfonf[k trnfraz:vdkonfh typf&yfo#rf;jynfwyfrawmft&m±SdwOD;u TuJhodk@ajymjyygonf?

wyftoGifajymif;a&; cf-SSA tay:uef@owfcsufrsm;csrSwf

“tckajymwJh 6 csufu Armtpkd;&ubJ wbufowf ajymoGm;wm/ usaemfwdk@bufu bmqdkbmrS rqHk;jzwfao;bl;?usaemfwdk@acgif;aqmifawGvJ 0 wdk@ rdkif;vm;wdk@ &yfwnfcsuftwdkif; qufoGm;rSm bJ”

o#rf;jynfwyfrawmf(typf&yf)taejzifh wyftoGifajymif;a&;udpPukd rltm;jzifhomvufcHxm;onf[k qdkaomfvnf; tzGJ@tpnf;emrnfajymif;a&;udpP§wyf wHqdyfajymif;a&;udpPrsm;vufrcHEdkifa=umif; quf ajym.?

“typf&yfpOfwkef;u aemufwufvmrJh t&yfom;tpdk;&opfvufxufusrS EdkifiHa&;udpPawGaqG;aEG; tay;t,lvkyf=ur,f- qdk+yD;oabmwlxm;w,f? ppftpkd;&vkyf&yfu a±S@oGm;aemufvkdufrnDbl;/ tckcsdefuwnf;u toGifajymif;zdk@vufeufcszdk@zdtm;ay;vmwmu ESpfbufoabmwlnDcsufudk azmufzsufwmbJ”

azaz:0g&DvaESmif;ydkif;rS rwfcsfvqef;ydkif;txd etzudk,fpm;vS,f vm;±_d;wkdif;r–; AdkvfcsKyfatmifoef;xGËf ESifh typf&yfo#rf;jynfwyfrawmf acgif;aqmif AdkvfcsKyfvG,farm0fwdk@ 3 }udrfwdwdawG@qHkaqG;cJhaomfvnf; ,ae@xd wpHkw&m oabmwlnDr_r±SdbJ yefqef;§rdkif;vm;wdk@uJhodk@yif vdyfcJwnf;vnf; jzpfaeqJjzpfonf? Ô

o#rf;jynfta±S@ydkif;/ txl;a'o (4)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDr[mrdwfwyfrawmf (NDAA-ESS) tzJG@ac: rdkif;vm;wyfzJG@tm;e,fjcm;apmifhwyfzJG@pnf;&ef ysufuGufv#if rw&m;toif; a=unmoGm;rnf[k etzbufu owday;xm;onf?

wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkiftzJG@rsm;ESifh etz t=um;e,fjcm;apmifhwyfzJG@pnf;a&;ESifhywfoufI ajyvnfr_ &Edkifrnfr[kwfbJ ,if;udpPonf 2008/ zJG@pnf;yHktajccHOya' tusyf twnf;omjzpfonf[k w±kwf-jrefrme,fpyfppfa&;tuJcwfOD;atmifausmfaZmu oHk;oyfajymqdkonf?

‚if;u “e,fjcm;apmifh toGiful;ajymif;a&;udpPuawmhESpfzufpvHk;twGuf Constitutional Crisis zJG@pnf;yHkjy\emt"duusw,faygh? jynfwGif;rSmvnf; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyfuajymaewm 2008 zJG@pnf;yHk jyefvnfoHk; oyfzdk@aygh? wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifawGusawmh tJvdk rajymayr,fh zJG@pnf;yHkxJu olwdk@eJ@

e,fjcm;apmifhwyfrzJG@ygu rw&m;oif;a=unmrnf[k etzajymrudkufnDwJh[mawGudk jyefvnfawmif;qdkwm? tJ'gudk etzuzJG@pnf;yHkudk b,fvdkrS jyifvdk@r&awmhbl; ajymaewm? tJvdktajctaeatmufrSm etzbufu olwdk@awGudk rw&m;toif;qdk+yD;a=unm/ rl;,pfaq;udpP/ opfudpP ta=umif;±Sm+yD; vufeufeJ@ajz±Sif;zdk@yJ ±dSawmhw,f” [k ajymonf?

0 ajrmufa'oteD; [kdyef®r@e,f twGif;wyfpGJvsuf±SdaomrdwDvmtajcpkduf wyfr 99 vufatmufcHwyfrsm;wGifvnf; wyfajy;rsm; wae@wjcm;rsm;jym;vma=umif; wyfajy;rsm;xJwGift&m±Sdrsm;ukd,fwkdifyg0ifa=umif; xkd@jyif 15§1§2010 &ufae@wGif cr&315 rS wyfajy;tjzpfowfrSwfcH&aom wyfom;atmifjrifhxGef;ESifhxGef;xGef;Ekdif wkd@ukdjyefvnfzrf;qD;&rd+yD; aemufykdif;ypfowfcJha=umif; od±Sd&onf? Ô

aygufayguf NEJ 8/3/2010



INDEPENDENCE

wmcsDvdwfc±kdif rdkif;zkef;wdkufe,f tajcpdkuf etz ykvdyf10 a,mufausmf rJacgifjrpfxJypfowfcH&r_a=umifh a±$}wd*He,fjcm;wav#muftuef@towfr±Sd acwWydwfxm;onf[k rdkif;zkef;a'ocHrsm;u ajymygonf?

“vm;[ljynfol@ppftygt0if etzwyfawG tJ'Dhbufar$aESmufaew,f? w&m;cH tckxdrzrf;Edkifbl;/ rJacgifjrpfay:pufavStoGm;tvmtuef@towfr±Sd ydwfxm;w,f? o#rf;jynfbufjcrf;uae xdkif;§avm0f toGm;tvm vJ tm;vHk;ydwfw,f?” -[k 0rfhyHk±Gmom; wOD;u ajymygonf?

azaz:0g&D 20 &ufu rdkif;zkef;aus;±Gmtkyfpk ajrmufydkif;0rfhqrfyl;±GmteD; rJacgifjrpfxJY 0rfhyHka'ocH jynfol@ppf 2 a,muf(Armwa,muf/ o#rf;wa,muf) ESifh rdkif;zkef;tajcpdkuf ykvdyfpcef;r–; tygt0if 13 a,muf ypfowfcH&.?

rJacgifjrpfwGif;wdkufcdkufr_ pcef;rSL;tyg ykvdyf 13 a,mufaoqkH;tavmif;oHk;avmif;ukd 0rfhykHwGifoò* õ[fvkduf+yD; ykvdyf

t&m±Sdtygt0if tavmif; 6 avmif;udkrl wmcsDvdwf e*g;ESpfaumifausmif;wdkufq&mawmfu tokb±_ay;+yD; qefqdkif;&yfuGufok\mefY azaz:0g&D 22 &ufae@u oò* õvfvdkufonf[k wmcsDvdwf®r@cHwOD;uajymygonf?

tcif;yGg;jzpfonfhae&mrSm rdkif;zkef;(u)tkyfpk 0rfhyHk±Gmajrmufbuf 9 uDvdkrDwm (5 rdkifausmf) ±Sd qrfyl;±GmteD; (avm0fEdkifiHydkif) aumhylZJef;u|ef;wGifjzpfa=umif; 0rfhykH±Gmom;wOD;uajymygonf?

“t&ifwkef;u aemfcrf;tzGJ@ rdkif;zkef;(u) tkyfpktydkif ygqm±GmbufrSmtajcpdkufw,f? rESpfu w±kwfavS wpif;udkypfwhJjy\ema=umifh ajc&mazsmuf+yD; 0rfhqrfyl;bufajymif;oGm;w,f?a±$}wd*Hbufjzwfoef;wJh rl;,pfarSmifcdkawGqDu tcGefaumufw,f? tckvnf; etzykvdyfawGudk qHk;rcsifvdk@r#m;ac:+yD; ynmay;vdkufwm”- [k ajym.?

wdkufckdufr_wGif rdkif;zkef;pcef;r–; &Jtkyfcifarmif&iftm;aoewform;rsm;uypfowft+yD; rsufvHk;azguf/ em;±Gufjzwfonfhtjyif vnfacsmif;ukdygjywfvkeD;eD;vSD;jzwfxm;a=umif;/ tcsKd@t&m±Sdi,frsm;tm;vJ "g;jzifhydkif;ckwfxm;a=umif; ±Gmom;rsm;ajymjycsuft&od&ygonf?

cGefqm. MTA vufeufcstzJG@jzpfaom aemfcrf; (,cifjynfol@ppfacgif;aqmif) onfvltiftm; 70-80 cef@&Sd+yD; wmcsDvdwf etzppfAsL[mr–;tqufquftm;vmbfxdk;0if qHhEdkifol/}wd*Hwdkif;r–;ukdyg wvxdkif;bwfaiGwpfoef;xufrenf; b¾mqufEdkifoljzpf.? 2009 ESpfOD;ydkif; w±kwfavSwpfpif;ypfcwfr_a=umifh tqdkyga'oodk@ajymif;a±G@v_yf±Sm;onfh rmzD;,m;*dk%f;wckjzpfonf?


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OD;atmifausmfaZm (NEJ 15/02/2010)

xkdif;&J@ pGrf;tifqkdif&mwm0ef±SdolawGu e*kdrlv pDpOfxm;wJhtwkdif; [wf}uD;a&;tm;v#yfppfxkwfvkyfr,fh a&umwmwnfaqmufa&;ukdobm0ygwf0ef;usifqkdif&mtzGJ@tpnf;awGjynfol@a&;&mtzGJ@tpnf;awGu uef@uGufaeayr,fh pDrHudef;ukdzsufodrf;rSmr[kwfbJ qkdif;iHhr_rsKd;omvkyfr,fvkd@qkdvkdufygw,f?v#yfppf"gwftm; 1@35 rD*g0yf xkwfay;r,fhpDrHcsuf[m oHvGifjrpfjzwfumwnfaqmufrSmjzpf+yD; 2015 'grSr[kwf 2016 rSmpwifzkd@&m pDpOfxm;ygw,f?

( UPI 17/2/2010)

a&tm;v#yfppfpuf±kH vdkwrsKd;/ rvdkwrsKd;

28§2§2008 u aemfcrf;tzGJ@ ypfcwfonf[kqdkaomw±kwfuif; vSnfhpufavS

26 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

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e,fpyfvHkðcHa&;ta=umif;jycsufjzifh 0 e,fajrtwGif; ppftkyfpkwyfrESpfckydk@rnfjzpfa=umif; wef@,ef;odk@ 0 acgif;aqmifrsm;rxGufcGgrSD w±kwf rSwqifh zdtm;ay;cJhonf[k pHkprf;od±Sd&ygonf?

“ 0 OuUX wef@,ef;udk rjzpfraeoGm;zdk@ac:wmu Armppfacgif;aqmifawG/ =um;0ifwdkufwGef;ajzmif;jzay;wmu w±kwfawGav? w±kwfu - cifAsm;wdk@oGm;awG@vdkufyg aumif;zdk@twGufbJ/ tzrf;tqD;r±Sdap&bl;/ aemufwck cifAsm;wdk@e,fajrxJ olwdk@wyfr 2 ck ydk@r,fvdk@ ajymw,f? Adkvf&Jjrifhwdk@ yefqef;udkrvmEdkifwmu olwdk@utpdk;&-cifAsm;wdk@qDvm&r,fqdkwm xHk;r±Sdbl;wJh”-[k w±kwfqufqHa&;t&m±Sdrsm;ajyma=umif; tqkdyg 0 t&m±Sduquf vufajymjy.?

azaz:0g&D 25 &ufae@ 0 jynfaoG;pnf;a&;ygwD OuUXayguf,lcsrf; acgif;aqmifonfh tiftm; 160 (um; 21 pD;) ygtzGJ@wzGJ@ wef@,ef;odk@xGufcGgoGm;a=umif;/ roGm;rSDtcsdeftxdw±kwfbufrS t}udrf}udrf zdtm;ay;aoma=umifh[kqdkygonf?

“'k ppfOD;pD;csKyf ausm0fhusKH;wef; vdkufroGm;jcif;onfppfa&;udpP toifh±Sdaezdk@jzpfa=umif;” 0 wyfrawmfppfbufa&;&mwm0ef±SdolwOD;u-

“ Armppfacgif;aqmifawG&J@ r±kd;om;r_awGudk em;vnf+yD;=um;0ifaphpyfay;wJh w±kwfu bufrvdkuf&ifawmh +idrf;csrf;a&;twGuf a±S@qufEdkifr,f? udk;uef@ta&;tcif;wkef;uqdk w±kwfutvdrfcHvdkuf& w,fav? tckvJe,fpyfvkHðcHa&;udkta=umif;jy+yD;

0 e,fxJ wyfr 2 ck ydk@rnf[k etz +cdrf;ajcmufwyfr 2 ck ydk@r,fqdkwm}uD;u wrif+cdrf;ajcmufcsifwJh oabm/aumif;wJhvuQ%m aumif;zdk@tvm;tvm r±SdEdkifbl;”- [kvnf;axmuf jyonf?

tuJcwf owif;orm;wOD;u -“etz uvnfw,f?ol@bufrSmw±kwf&yfwnfaew,fqdkwmjywJhtaeeJ@ 'Duae@xkwfjrefrmhtvif;owif;pmrSm txufoHvGif(uGrfvHk) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;oabmwl vufrSwfxdk;yGJowif;ukd yxrpmrsufESmrSmaz: jyxm;w,f” - [k ajym.?

AdkvfcsKyf&Jjrifhonf o#rf;jynfta±S@ydkif; usKdif;wHk - rufref;(arSmfza'o) rSwqifh oHvGifjrpftwdkif; &[wf,mOfjzifh qefwuf+yD; wef@,ef;®r@odk@ rGef;vGJ 2 em&DausmfwGifa&muf±Sda=umif;/ w±kwfoHwref tzGJ@ESifh etz txl;ppfqifa&;r–;rsm;vnf; awG@qHkyGJodk@vdkufygvm=ua=umif;vnf; od±Sd&onf?

w±kwfoHwrefrsm; =um;0ifem;axmifay;onfh ,ck 0acgif;aqmifayguf,lcsrf;tzGJ@ESifhetzudk,fpm;vS,fwdk@. e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJudk azaz:0g&D 25 &ufnaeykdif;wef@,ef;ppfAsL[m±kH;wGif t}udwfte,faqG;aEG;=ua=umif;/ 0acgif;aqmifwifjycsuftm;vHk;ukd etzwckrS vufrcHbJ vHk;0yg,fcsvdkufa=umif;/ taygif;vuQ%mwpHkw&mrSraqmifbJ XmecsKyfyefqef;odk@ 26 &ufrGef;vGJydkif;wGif jyefvnfa&muf±Sd=uonf[k od&ygonf?


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INDEPENDENCE

rwfcsfvqef;twGif; etz wyfr rsm; 0 xdef;csKyfe,fajrteD; ydkrdkjznfhwif;csOf;uyfvmonf[k pHkprf;od±Sd &ygonf?

“ajrmufydkif; 0 e,fajrywfywfvnfrSm Armwyfr 4 ckavmufa&mufaew,f? 'Dvqef;ydkif;uvJwyfr 77 u tvHk;t&if;eJ@wufvmw,f/ &duQmawG/ ppfvufeufypPnf;awGwifydk@w,f?wyfr 77 ppfom; 500 ausmf vm;±_d;uae odEMDudkjzwfoGm;+yD/udk;uef@eJ@ 0 e,fjcm;bufudkOD;wnfw,fxifw,f” - [k trnfraz:vdkonfh vm;±_d;om;wOD;u ajymyg onf?

rwfcsf 11 &uf o#rf;jynftv,fydkif; rdkif;aemifbufa&mufaeonfh wyfr 55 uvnf; tiftm; 200 cef@yg ppfum; 7-8 pD;jzifh rdkif;±–;®r@wqifh wmh0ef;aemif; ul;wdk@qdyfodk@qif;oGm;a=umif;/xdk@enf;wl oHvGifta±S@ jcrf; rdkif;jyif;®r@e,ftwGif;±Sd etzwyfrsm;uvnf; ajrmufzuf±Sd erfhcgacsmif;udkjzwfausmfI 0 e,fteD;vG,fyefvHkodk@ tiftm;xyfjznfhxm;onf[ka'ocHrsm;uqdkonf?

“wyfr 33 tiftm; 1500 avmuf udk;uef@e,fbufrSm±Sdae+yD;om;? rdwWdvmtajcpdkuf wyfr 99 u vJxyfvmOD;r,f”-[k udk;uef@a'ocHwOD;u ajymyg.?

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tqdkyg ppfa&;wif;rmr_tay: trnfraz:vdkonfh NGO

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bJ? t&ifuvdk aps;a&mif;raumif;wmuvJGvdk@aygh? Armtm%mydkifa&m/ 0 tm%mydkifa&m tppftaq;t&rf;rsm;awmh NGO awGtvkyfvkyf&wm uoduatmifhydkjzpfwmaygh”

2009 udk;uef@ ta&;tcif;rSpI typf&yf 0 wyfzGJ@ ESifhetz qufqHa&;rajyvnfr_a=umifh NGO vkyfief;rsm;. xuf0ufcef@ avsmhusoGm;ouJhodk@ b¾ma&;bufvnf; jzwfawmufcH&a=umif;/ rdrdwdk@vHkðcHa&;twGufpdk;&drf&aoma=umifh xda&mufpGmrvkyfE d ki f =ua=umif; / 0 jynfe,ftwGif;a&muf±S daeonf hArmppfwyfolv#Ldtjzpf ouFm ruif;ol (zsmxrf;/ apmifxrf;/ ig;ydig;ajcmuf/ wHjrufpnf; a&mif;onfhArmvlrsKd;rsm;/ bkef;}uD;twk[kxifcH&olrsm;) ta,muf 20 cef@ ppfaq;zrf;qD;cH&a=umif;od&onf?


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xkdif;EkdifiHwGif; vma&muftvkyfvkyfae=uaom a±$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tay: xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@. t=urf;zufzdESdyfuef@owfr_vkyf&yfrsm;udk wifjyxm;onfh tpD&ifcHpmwapmifukdtar&dueftajcpkduf vl@tcGifhta&; apmifh=unfha&;tzGJ@ (Human

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w&m;0ifrSwfyHkwifxm;onfh jrefrmtvkyform; (1) oef;

a±$Œajymif;tvkyform;

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xdk@a=umihf a±$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;. tcGifhta&;rsm;

ausmfudk xdkif;tpdk;&uae&yfjyefydk@ygu vkyfief;tcsKd@&yfqkdif;oGm;Ekdif+yD; xkdif;EkdifiH. pD;yGm;a&; usqif;oGm;Ekdifaoma=umihf jyefykd@&efrjzpfEkdifa=umif; jrefrmtvkyform;ta&; aqmif±GufaeonfhtzGJ@wkd@u cef@rSef;=uonf?

“xkdif;EkdifiH&J@ pD;yGm;a&;[m a±$@ajymif;tvkyform;awGtay:rSmtrsm;}uD; rSDwnfae&ygw,f? 'gayr,fh t=urf;zufr_tE W&m,fuaeolwkd@twGuf umuG,fay;aewmu wu,fhukdtenf;tusOf;omvkyfay;ygw,f” [k HRW tzGJ@rS tm±Sa'oqkdif&m 'g±kdufwm b&uftm'rfpfu ajym=um;onf?

xkd@a=umifh a±$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tay:xkdif;tm%mykdifrsm;/ 0efxrf;rsm;/ pD;yGm;a&;orm;rsm;u &mZ0wfr_qkdif&mt=urf;zufr_/ zdESdyfr_rsm; vkyfaeonfudk tqkH;owfEkdifap&ef xkdif;tpkd;&taejzifh óud;yrf;oifha=umif; tpD&ifcHpmwGif axmufjyxm;onf? NEJ 24/02/2010

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INDEPENDENCE

urBmhukvor*~tzGJ@rS todtrSwfðyxm;aom rwfcsfv* &uf ,ae@usa&mufonfh EdkifiHwum trsKd;orD;rsm;ae@udk *k%fðyaomtm;jzifhjynfwGif;ESifh e,fpyfa'orsm;±dS trsKd;orD;tzGJ@ 4 zGJ@yl;aygif;I w±kwfe,fpyfwGif tcrf;tem;usif;ycJhonf?

tqdkyg tcrf;tem;udk o#rf;jynfajrmufydkif;rS yavmiftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@ PWO u OD;aqmifusif;ycJh+yD; ucsifjynfvGwfvyfa&;tzGJ@trsKd;orD;toif; (KIWA)/ xdkif;tajcpdkuf ucsiftrsKd;orD;toif; (KWAT) ESifh w±kwfe,fpyf±dS trsKd;orD;rsm;tzGJ@csKyfjrefrmEdkifiH (WLB) wdk@u yl;aygif;yg0ifcJhonf ?

atmifoufqdkif&mbmomtvdkuf 3 rdepf+idrf+yD;qkawmif;=updk@ ”vdk@ tqkdygtcrf;tem; pwifcsdefwGif yavmiftrsdK;orD;tzGJ@0ifwpfOD;u ajym=um;onf?

xdk@tjyif jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;Y etzppfwyf. zdESdyfr_cHae&onfh trsKd;orD;rsm;ta=umif; wufa&mufolrsm;u qufvufaqG;aEG;=u+yD; EdkifiHwumtrsKd;orD;rsm;ae@ay:aygufvmyHkESifhywfoufI apmapmu yavmiftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@0ifwpfOD; utus,fw0ifh ±Sif;jycJhonf ?

“'DurBmay:rSm±dSwJh trsKd;orD;awG&J@óud;yrf;r_a=umifh trsKd;orD;rsm;ae@qdkwmay:aygufvm&w,f? ukvor*~utod trSwfðyxm;+yD; EdkifiHawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u tvkyftm;vyf&uf owfrSwfxm;=uw,f? 'Dae@rSmqdk&if trsdK;orD;awG vlrsKd;bmom rcGJjcm;yJaoG;pnf;nDnGwfr_udkjyo+yD; pD;yGm;a&; vlr_a&;rcGJjcm;yJ tcrf;tem;usif;y=uwmayg@aemf” vdk@ olu qdkonf ?

urBmay:±dS trsKd;orD;rsm;u 1*57 ckESpfrSpwifItcGifhta&; twGuf ±kef;uefcJh&m 1975 ckESpfwGif urBmh ukvor*~tzGJ@u rwfv * &ufae@udk EdkifiHwumtrsKd;orD;rsm;ae@tjzpftodtrSwfðycJhonf ?

EdkifiHwum trsKd;orD;rsm;ae@udk w±kwfEdkifiH tygt0ifEdkifiHaygif;rsm;pGmwGif tm;vyf&uftjzpf owfrSwf xm;aomfvnf;jrefrmEdkifiHwGif usif;yðyvkyfcGifhr±dSa=umif; od&onf ?

etzppftpdk;&u trsKd;orD;tcGifhta&;umuG,fonfhEdkifiHwumOya'jzpfonfh pDa'gpmcsKyfudk vufrSwfxdk;xm;+yD;EdkifiHt0Srf;±dS trsKd;orD;rsm;tay: t=urf;zufr_rsm; us,fjyef@pGmusL;vGefaea=umif; trsKd;orD;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH) urwfcsfv* &uf,ae@wGif a=ujimcsuf xkwfjyefxm;onf ?


EdkifiHwumtrsKd;orD;rsm;ae@ w±kwfe,fpyfwGif usif;y

ESpfaygif; 90 xdwdkif wef;wla&; +idrf;csrf;a&;/ w&m;r#wa&;ESifh zG@H®z;a&;wdk;wufa&; twGuf óud;yrf;cJh onfh trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf wufa&mufvmol trsKd;orD;trsKd;om; 40 ausmfu udk;uG,f&m bmomtvdkuf+idrfoufqkawmif;jcif;jzifh tcrf;tem;udkpwifzGifhvSpfcJhonf ?

“usrwdk@trsK d;orD;awGtwGuf pGef@vGwfay;wJhol&Jaumif;trsKd;orD;awG usqHk;oGm;wJhtrsKd;orD;awGudk todtrSwfðywJhtaeeJ@quf+yD;awmh trsKd;orD;awG touf±Snfatmif usef;rm

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typf&yf Adkvfr–;xGef;ausmftkyfpku&ifeD vlrsKd;aygif;pHk jynfol@wyfOD; (uvvw)onf etz. e,fjcm;apmifhwyf BGF tjzpftoGifajymif;&ef qHk;jzwfcJh.? uvvw taejzifh ArmppfwyfESifh yl;aygif;a&; ryl;aygif;a&;udpP a=ujim&efatmufwdkbm 27 &uftxdtcsdefay;xm;onf?

{&m0wD 21§10§09

typf&yfytdk0f;trsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf PNO OuUX OD;atmifcrf;xD u jynfapmifhwyf HGF tjzpf toGifajymif;&ef rdrdwdk@wyfzGJ@0if tiftm; 1350 OD; toifhvsmxm; owfrSwfxm;+yD;jzpfa=umif;/wyfom; 1300 ESifh t&m±Sd 50 ±Sda=umif; atmufwdkbmvqef;ydkif;Y ajymqdkonf?

jrefrmwkdif;rf 9-5§10§09

jynfapmifhwyfjzpf&eftoifhppftkyfpkatmufaernfh typf&yfu&ifeD

30 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

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tcktajctaerSm awG@cGifhtvm;tvm±Sdrvm;? awG@cGifhray;&if bmqufvkyfrSmvJ?´

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jcif;qdkwJh eHygwf 4 tydk'fi,f (c) rSm xifay:ausmf=um;onfh *k%fowif;±S daomyk*~ dKvftjzpf Ek difiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESif hzGH@®z;a&;aumifpDu,lqoljzpf&rnf - qdkwJhtcsufu vHk;0 wbufowfqefw,f? etzrS xifay:a=umf=um;wJhyk*~dKvfqdk+yD; jrifcsifwJhyk*~dKvfudkjrifr,f/ rjrifcsifwJhyk*~dKvfusawmh 'DxJrSm yg0ifcGifhr&awmhbl;vm;? tJ'gha=umifh 'Daumfr±Sifuawmh wbufowfaumfr±Sifvdk@bJ oHk;oyfvdkygw,f”

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pmrsufESm 32 okd‹


INDEPENDENCE

acgif;aqmifawGeJ@awG@ cGifh&zdk@ o#rf;tzGJ@csKyf xyfawmif;qdk

tusOf;uscHae&wJh o#rf;trsKd;om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csLyfSNLD OuUX OD;cGefxGef;OD;eJ@ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–; OD;pkdif;nGef@vGifwkd@eJ@awG@cGifh&zkd@ SNLD tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0ifawGu ppftpkd;&ukd rwfv 6 &ufae@u xyfrHawmif;qdkvkdufygw,f?

'Dawmif;qkdcsufukd ppftpkd;&t}uD;tuJ AkdvfcsKyfr–;}uD;oef;a±$xH 5 &ufae@ ae@pGJeJ@ay;ykd@wJhpmrSm xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;ygw,f? nDnGwfaom wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;r[mrdwftzGJ@ UNA

uvnf;axmufcHa=umif; SNLD &J@ajyma&;qkdcGifh±Sdol OD;pkdif;vdwfuajymygw,f?

“usaemfwkd@ SNLD uae+yD;awmhrS OuUXeJ@twGif;a&;r–;ukdawG@cGihf&zkd@etz OuUX AkdvfcsKyfr–;}uD;oef;a±$qDukd pma&;+yD;awmif;qdkxm;wm tckygeJ@qkd 'kwd,t}udrf±Sd+yDaygh? 'Dpmukd azazmf0g&Dv 6 &ufae@rSm AkdvfcsKyfr–;}uD;qDvdyfrl +yD;awmhay;ykd@ygw,f?'gayr,fh rwfv 6 &uf 7 &ufxdwkdifukd wpkHw&mta=umif;jyef=um;jcif;r±SdwJhtwGufa=umifhrkd@vkd@ rwfv 6 &ufae@ reufrSmusaemfwkd@&J@ EkdifiHa&;rdwfaqGrsm;jzpfwJh UNA tzGJ@0if EkdifiHa&;ygwDyk*~Kdvfvl}uD;rif;rsm;ukd zdwf=um;+yD;awmhrS usawmfwdk@ zGifhqkd±Sif;jyjcif;jzpfw,f?

tJvkd zGifhqkd±Sif;jywJhae&mrSm wkdif;&if;om;EkdifiHa&;ygwDuyk*~KdvfawG tukefvkH;uvJbJ 'DOpPmtay:ukdtaumif;jrifw,f?usaemfwdk@&J@awmif;qdkcsufukdaxmufcHw,f? etztpkd;&taeeJ@vnf; awmif;qdkcsufukdvkdufavsmoifhw,fqkd+yD;awmhrS wnD

wnGwfwnf;awmif;qkdxm;ygw,f?”awG@qkHaqG;EG;a&;eJ@ ppfrSefwJha±G;aumufyGJusif;yEkdifzkd@ ppf

tpkd;&taeeJ@zrf;qD;xm;wJh twkduftcHtiftm;pkawGukdjyefvGwfay;zkd@ vkdtyfw,fvkd@ OD;pkdif;vdwfuajymygw,f?

“ wkdif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifawGukdtjrefqkH;jyefvGwfzkd@/avmavmq,f jyefrv$wfao;Ekdif&ifvJ usaemfwdk@&J@ OuUXeJ@twGif;a&;r–;ukd awG@qkHaqG;aEG;cGifhðyzkd@ xyfrH+yD;awmhrS jzpfEkdifacs±SdwJh enf;vrf;eJ@ xyfrHcsOf;uyfóud;pm;oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f? bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawmh 'Dwkdif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifawGukd awG@cGifhray;bl;/tusOf;csxm;&muae v$wfray;bl;qkd&if tm;vkH;uawmif;qkdaewJh/ jzpfvnf;jzpfoifhjzpfxkdufwJh awG@qkHaqG;aEG;a&;qkdwm b,fvkdrS jzpfEkdifrSmr[kwfbl;? awG@qkHaqG;aEG;a&;qkdwmrvkyfbJeJ@ awmh'Da±G;aumufyGJukd etzppftpkd;&wzGJ@wnf;uwzufowfaqmif±Guf oGm;vkd@vJ t"dyüg,f±SdrSmr[kwfbl;?”

o#rf;wkdif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifawGukd EkdifiHawmfykefuefr_/EkdifiHawmft=unfndKysufapwJhyk'frawGeJ@ 12 ESpfuae 106 ESpftxdcsrSwfxm;+yD; &moDOwkqkd;±Gm;wJha'o±Sd tusOf;axmifawGukda±$@ajymif;xm;ygw,f? ±Srf;trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf SNLD

[m 1990 jynfhESpf taxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJrSm 'kwd,rJtrsm;qkH;&wJh EkdifiHa&;ygwDwckjzpfygw,f?

Agencies 8/3/2010

32 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

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“a±G;aumufyGJrwkdifcifrSm NLD tygt0if wkdif;&if;om;EkdifiHa&;ygwDawGa&m a±G;aumufyGJyg0ifEkdifwJh tcif;tusif;awG cif;usif;zkd@vkdygw,f? txl;ojzifh zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'/ +yD;awmh 1990 a±G;aumufyGJqkdwm e0w§etzu w&m;0ifusif;yay;cJhwJh a±G;aumufyGJjzpfw,f? vGwfvyf+yD;w&m;r#wwJh a±G;aumufyGJjzpfw,fvkd@vJ a=unmxm;w,f?

1990 a±G;aumufyGJ&vm'fwckukd b,fvkdrStaumiftxnfrazmfbl;? todtrSwfvnf;rðy? 'DvkdbJxm;cJhrSmvm;? 'gwkdif;jynftwGuf EkdifiHtwGufaumif;wJhtpOftvmr[kwfbl;vkd@jrifygw,f? 'Dvkd[mawGukdokH;oyfzkd@ jyifqifzkd@vkdygw,f? tm;vkH;0ifEkdifatmif NLD a&m/ wkdif;&if;om;ygwDawGa&m 0ifEkdifatmifóudwif+yD;awmh aqG;aEG;zkd@vkdvdrfhr,fvkd@ usaemf'DvkdbJjrifygw,f?”

OD;at;omatmif&ckdif 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;

“usaemfwkd@uawmh zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajctcHOya'ukdrjyifbl;qkd&if a±G;aumufyGJ0ifzkd@qkdwmrjzpfEkdifbl;? bma=umifhvJqkdawmh jynfe,fawGrSmvJ wyfrawmfu 25 μ ygwJhtjyif jynfe,f0ef}uD;csKyfukdvnf; orRwucef@r,fqkdawmh jynfe,fawGrSmvkyfykdifcGifhbmrSr±Sdbl;? wkdif;&if;om;awG&J@tcGifhta&;vnf; bmrS

rnfrnf&&r±SdwJhtwGufa=umifh zGJ@pnf;ykHjyifa&;om usaemfwdk@ygwDtzkd@ t"duusygw,f?

tckvkd aumfr±SifOya'/ ygwDrSwfykHwifOya'xGufayrJh'D[mawGxuf usaemfwkd@uawmh zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'ukdjyifapcsifw,f? jyifay;rSom usaemfwdk@a±G;aumufyGJ0ifzkd@ pOf;pm;rSmyg?

ZkdrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf OuUX ylusifh±Sif;xef

“ ygwDOya'xGufwmeJ@ 2 v tawmtwGif; rSwfykHwif&r,fajymw,f? 'gayr,fh aumfr±SifawG ra=ujimao;bl;?aumfr±Sif±kH;vJra=ujimao;bl;qkdawmh awmfawmfpOf;pm;&cufw,f?

usaemfwd k@OuUXeJ@twGif;a&r–;uk d avmavmq,faxmifxJykd@xm;w,f? jyefvGwfrvmao;bl;? olwkd@awGrygbJeJ@awmh bmrSrpOf;pm;? rqkH;jzwfEkdifao;ygbl;? a±G;aumufyGJvnf;rpOf;pm;ao;bl;? ygwDzGJ@zkd@twGufvJ usaemfwkd@rpOf;pm;ao;ygbl;?usaemfwdk@OuUXeJ@ twGif;a&;r–;ukdrawG@qkH raqG;aEG;&bJeJ@ bmwckrS qkH;jzwfOD;rSmr[kwfygbl;?”

o#rf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (SNLD)

ajyma&;qkdcGifh±Sdol OD;pkdif;vdwf

wdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;rsm; a±G;aumufyGJ0ifa&;tcufawG@

a±G;aumufyGJ Oya'xkwfjyef+yD; a&G;aumufyGJusif;yr,fh&uf rowfrSwfEdkifao;wJhudpPudk b,fvdk=um;odxm;yg ovJ?´

“a±G;aumufyGJ&uf twdtus rowfrSwfao;wJhudpPuusaemfxifw,fa±S@av#mufr,fh tem*wfudketzudk,fwdkifjywfjywfom;om; rqHk;jzwf&ao;wJh oabmrsKd;rSm±Sdw,f?'ga=umifhrd k@ b,fae@b,f&ufusif;yr,fqdkwm oludk,fwdkifra=ujimEdkifao;wmjzpfr,f”

wdkif;&if;om;EkdifiHa&;ygwD 13 zGJ@ yg0ifwJh UNA uaumetzxkwfjyefcsuftay: b,fvdkqHk;jzwfcsufGcsxm;ovJ?´

“wdkwdkwkwfwkwfajym&r,fqdk&ifawmh oHk;yGifhqdkifawG@qHkaqG;aEG; a&; rvkyfbJeJ@ a±G;aumufyGJudk wbufvkyfoGm;r,fqdk&ifSNLD taeeJ@ vHk;0 yg0ifywfoufrSmr[kwfbl;? tJha=umifh

wdkif;&if;om;r[mrdwftzGJ@jzpfwJh UNAtaeeJ@vJ tvm;wloabmxm;§&yfwnfcsuf±Sdvdrfhr,fvdk@ usaemfwdk@ =um;odxm;&ygw,f?”

aemufqHk;taeeJ@ bmrSmcsifao;vJ´?“axGaxGxl;xl;awmhr±Sdao;ygbl;? bmvdk@vJqdkawmh a±G;

aumufyGJOya'uvJ tjynfhtpHkrxGufao;bl;? aemuf+yD;a±G;aumufyGJqdkwJh[mu vmr,fvmr,fajym+yD; toHom=um;ae&+yD; b,fawmhvkyfr,fqdkwm r=um;&ao;wJhtwGuf wpHkw&mjznfhajymzdk@ r±Sdao;ygbl;?”

SNLD ajymcGifh&yk*~Kdvf OD;pkdif;vdwf8/3/2010

pmrsufESm 30 rS

OD;rkd;aZmf (VOA 10.3.2010)


INDEPENDENCE

Adkvfoef;a±$ ppftkyfpku ol&J@vrf;jyajryHk 7 qifh tpDtpOftwdkif; ol@tvdkus 2008 em;*pfzGJ@pnf;yHkudk taumiftxnfaz:zdk@ 2010 ESpfxJrSm a±G;aumufyGJvkyfay;r,fvdk@ wyfcsKyfxdyfoD;}uD;udk,fwdkif tvDvDxkwfaz:cJh+yD;jzpfygw,f?

tJ'D 2010 a±G;aumufyGJrSm yg0ifoifhroifh/ txl;ojzifhwdkif;&if;om;tkyfpkawGtaeeJ@ 0ifa&muf,SOf®yifoifhroifh tjiif;yGm; ae=uqJjzpfygw,f? wzGJ@udkwzGJ@ wOD;tay:wOD; pGyfpGJ tjypfzdk@aewJh tifwmeufpum; ppfxdk;yGJawGvJ r=um;csiftqHk;jzpfygw,f?

2010 a±G;aumufyGJ0ifEGJoifhroifhqdkwm etztaeeJ@-(1) em;*pfzGJ@pnf;yHkrSm jyifqif&r,fhu¾§yk'frawGudkjyifrjyif?(2) a±G;aumufyGJ Oya' b,fawmhxGufr,f/ b,fvdkpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;awGowfrSwf jy Xmef;xm;w,f?(3) vGwfvyfr_eJ@w&m;r#wr_ Free & Fair ±Sdr±Sd- qdkwJhtcsufawGeJ@ csifhcsdefwdkif;wm=unfh&r,fvdk@ axmufjyol

awGvJrenf;ygbl;? ckaetcgrSm rkef@qDa=umf b,fem;±SdrSef;rodao;bJ E_wfcrf;emeJ@wnfhrvm;rajymcsifbl;vdk@ aZm'uwufolawGvJ 'keJ@a';yg?

txufygtcsuf 3 csufudkqef;ppf csdefxdk;=unfhvdkuf&if(1) 'Drdkua&pDeJ@ wdkif;&if;om;awGar#mfudk;vdkvm;wJh zGJ@pnf;yHkjyefvnfoHk;oyfjyifqifa&;qdkwm Adkvfoef;a±$ppftkyfpktzdk@ Al;qdk&ifz,HkroD;jzpfaeyg+yD? (2) a±G;aumufyGJOya' b,f&uf§vrSmxGufr,fqdkwmvJ b,folrStwdtusrajymEdkifao;? (3) Free & Fair

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bmbJajymajym ppftkyfpkusif;yrJha±G;aumufyGJudk qef@usifola&m§=um;aeola&m§axmufcHolygwlnDwJhtjrifESpfckawmh±Sd=uygw,f? (u) 'Drdkua&pDta&ðcH/ jynfaxmifpktrnfcH wjynfaxmifpepfem;*pftajccHOya'udkvufrcH=uygbl;?(c)'Da±G;aumufyGJ[mt&yfom; tpdk;&ta&cGHvJvdkufwJh rif;om;acgif;aqmif;bDvl;vkyfZmwftwGuf oufouftaxmuftulðyw,f-qdkwJhtjrifESpfckyg?

0ifoifh§r0ifoifh tydkif;rSm aESmuf,SufzsufqD;vdk@ &&r&&/rsufpdpHkrSdwf±_yfcsqef@usif&r,fqdkwJh tydkif;eJ@ bmrSr&wmeJ@ E_dif;pm&if &EkdifoavmuftcGifhtvrf;0if,l/ tcGifhta&;&ayguftwGuf vufrvGwfoifhqdkwJhtydkif;±Sdae=uwm[m ol@qifajceJ@olta=umif;jycsuf udk,fpD ±Sd=uvdk@ygbJ?

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rqv wygwDtm%m±SifpepfacwfumvwHk;u usif;ycJhwJh a±G;aumufyGJeJ@ tck etz ppftm%m±SifvufxufrSm ðyvkyfrJha±G;aumufyGJudk atmufygtcsuftvuftcsKd@eJ@ wdkif;wm=unfhEdkifygw,f?

rqv BSPP acwf

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a±G;aumufyGJeJ@ywfouf+yD; wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkawG odoifhodxdkufwJh ordkif;ocF%f;pmwckudkowd&rdygw,f? Adkvfae0if;0ef}uD;csKyftjzpfwm0ef,lxm;wJh tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vufxuf 1960 {+yDv a±G;aumufyGJrwdkifcif xdkpOfuo#rf;jynftpdk;& pdkufysKd;a&;0ef}uD; (yifvHkpmcsKyfvufrSwfxkd;ol)cGef=umyk[m xdkif;e,fpyfzufa&mufoGm;+yD; o#rf;jynfvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf SSIA acgif;aqmifrsm;udk pnf;±kH;odrf;oGif;cJhygw,f?

34 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

LvufeufeJ@'Drdkua&pDvJvS,f+yD; a±G;aumufyGJoGm;0ifzdk@em;csygw,f? r[mArm0g'Dtpdk;&udk ,Hk=unftxif}uD;+yD; cGef=umykeJ@twlvdkufoGm;wJh xdkpOfu SSIA OuUX cGefr[m(wef@,ef;)wa,muf &efukefr*Fvm'kHavqdyfa&mufa&mufcsif; tzrf;cH&awmhwmygbJ? a±G;aumufyGJvJr0if&/ cJavor#oJa&usawmh vHk;0t}uHtpnf ysufokOf;§tusKd; vHk;0ewˆdjzpfcJh&ygw,f?

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awm=uufawGudk rufvHk;ay;pnf;±kH;zdk@/ qGJaqmifodrf;oGif;bdk@ tdrf=uufudkwnf=unftjzpf toHk;csaevdk@acsmifaeovdkxif&wwfygw,f? tJ'ga=umifh taumif;qHk;enf;emuawmh udk,fhcGifrSmudk,fae+yD; tcsif;csif;tjyeftvSef em;vnfwnfrSDyHhydk;&if;/ twdkiftazgufnDnDvkyfwwfbdk@om; t"duusygw,f? tJ'grS EdkifiHa&;ðyjyifajymif;vJr_vkyfEkdifr,fvdk@ vrf;!¸efcJhygw,f?

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdk@/p0fZef@a,mifa[G@ (q&m}uD;,l*sif;odkuf) wdk@ vrf;!¸efcJhzl;ovdk Common Goal , Diverse Actions

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twGif;a&;r–; pdkif;0rf;qdkifuvJ axmufjyvmygw,f?2010 a±G;aumufyGJrSm vGwfvyfr#wr_ Free & Fair b,f

avmuf±Sdvdrfhr,fqdkwm uae@vufawG@tajccH rlvblwvGwfvyfcGifh 3 &yfjzpfwJhvGwfvyfpGmpka0;cGifh (Freedom of Assembly)

vGwfvyfpGm tzGJ@tpnf;xlaxmifcGifh (Freedom of Association)

vGwfvyfpGm owif;tcsuftvuf rsm;&±SdcGifh (Freedom of In-

formation) awG b,favmuf±Sdw,fqdkwmukdcsdefxkd;wkdif;wmod±SdEdkifw,f? 'DtajccHvGwfvyfcGifh 3 &yfr±Sdao;wmudk,fYua±G;aumufyGJvGwfvyfr#wbdk@ cJ,Of;rSmbJqdkwJh a':atmifqef;pk=unf

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jynfya&muftwdkuftcH 'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pk tawmfrsm;rsm;uawmh 2010 a±G;aumufyGJ0ifE$Jygu etzudk axmufcHjcif;jzpfw,f? em;*pfzGJ@pnf;yHkudk vufcHwJhoabmjzpfw,f? udk,fh*dk;udkudk,fjyef±–;ovdkjzpfw,fvdk@ qdkae=uygw,f?

jynfwGif;u jynfolrsm;/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tzdk@udk,fhtajctaeeJ@ udkufnDtyfpyf udk,fhbmomudk,f qHk;jzwfoifhw,fvdk@ ,lqolwcsKd@uawmh 'Dvdkxifjrif ,lqcsufawG ±Sdygw,f?

(0&rf;ajy;xdkif;0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif; xufqif±Sif;e0yf&J@)zvef;y&csm;c|ef;ygwD (People Power Party) [m 1997 zGJ@pnf;yHkudkom qkyfudkifxm;+yD; 2007 tajccHOya'opfudk vufrcHbl;vdk@vlod±Sif=um;xkwfaz:a=ujimxm;cJhayr,fh tcGifhtvrf;vufvGwfrdrSmpdk;vdk@ (2007 zGJ@pnf;ykHt&) 2009 ESpfOD;ydkif;rSm taxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJ 0ifE$J,SOf®yifcJhygw,f?

ygvDrefxJa&mufoGm;olawGeJ@ ygvDrefjyify±SdaeolawGt=um; em;vnfr_±Sd±Sdn‡dEd_if;wdkifyif/ twGif;tjyif twdkiftazgufnDnD yHhydk;yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifwJh enf;vrf;twdkif; óud;yrf;wdkufyGJ0ifEdkifw,f vkd@qkdygw,f?

a±G;aumufyGJ0if&if§r0if&if &ifqdkifawG@óuH&r,fh aumif;qdk;usKd;jypf qef;ppfZum wifEdkif=uygap?

a±G;aumufyGJ0ifoifh§r0ifoifh jynfwGif;ubJ csifhcsdefqHk;jzwfEkdifygw,f?

0 jynfe,fom;§wmhtdkufum; (17/2/2010)

COMPROMISE

tjyeftvSef tay;t,l tav#mhtwif; compromise oabmw&m;em;vnfwJhEkdifiHa&;orm;awG v$wfawmfxJa&mufoGm;zkd@qkdwm/ tawG@tóuH uif;rJh+yD;tpGef;a&muf w,loefr_qD OD;wnfapwJh jy\emzefwD;a&; wzufurf;cwf EkdifiHa&;orm;xuftxl;vkdtyfw,f? tJ'DvkdjzpfcJh&if xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifr_xJrSmbJ vkH;vnfvkduf+yD; n‡dE_dif;aqG;aEG;vkd@&EkdifrSmr[kwf?

xkdif;EkdifiHa&;oabmw&m;q&medxdt,kdqD0kef;(27/ 04/ 2009)


INDEPENDENCE

o#rf; ucsif/ csif; / Arm wkd@ujynfaxmifpkzGJ@&atmifqkd+yD;awmh yifvkHpmcsKyfvkyfw,f? jynfe,fawGu ±Sd&if;pGJtm%mukdvufrv$wfbJ tm;vkH;nDwlnDr#vkyfxm;wm? ðAef;ceJ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;usqkH;oGm;wm tajccH Oya'a&;qGJwmvJr+yD;ao;bl;?a&;qGJwm+yD;wJhtcg vJtJ'Doabmw&m;ukd eJeJyg;yg;xJh+yD;t"duuswJhtcsufawGbm rSrygvmbl;? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; usqHk;vdk@,lóuH;r&jzpfaecsdefrSm 'gudkodyfraz:awmhbJ 10 ESpfavmufoGm;cJhw,f? tajccHOya'udk jyefvnfqef;ppfawmh jynfaxmifpkppfppfr[kwfbl;? csif;/ ucsif/o#rf;jynfrsm;u jynfe,fOuUXrsm; jynfe,f0ef}uD;rsm;udka±G;wJhtcgrSm v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftrsm;pk&J@ qENt&r[kwfbJeJ@0ef}uD;csKyfu olóudufwJhvlukd cef@tyfay;w,f?1961 *|efvavmufrSm awmif}uD;nDvmcHvkyfw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ekuvnf; Ak'<bmomukd EdkifiHawmfbmomtjzpfjyXmef;zdk@/ zGJ@pnf;yHkjyifqifzdk@óud;pm;w,f? olrJEkdifoGm;awmh jynfe,fudk,fpm; vS,fawGuawmif}uD;nDvmcHusif;yw,f? AdkvfcsKyfae0if;u cGJxGufa&;ajym+yD;tm%modrf;w,f? 1962 up+yD;63 ESpfajrmuftxdwdwdususjynfaxmifpkoabmaqmifwm r±Sd cJhbl;?

etz&J@ 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHkukdEdkifiHw0Srf;vHk;&J@ vlOD;a& 92 μu axmufcHw,fqdkwJh[m usaemfwdk@ vufrcHbl;/ 'DtajccH Oya'xJrSm jynfaxmifpkppfppfrl yifvHkpmcsKyf eJ@ qef@usifzDvmwJhtjyif'Drdkua&pDenf;pepfeJ@vJ qef@usifzDvmjzpfw,f? EkdifiHawmfukd OD;aqmifwJhtxJrSm wyfrawmfyg0ifr,fqdk+yD;vkyfxm;w,f? 'Drkdua&pDjynfaxmifpkppfppfEkdifiHxlaxmifwJhtcgrSm EkdifiHa&; xJ0ifcsifw,fqkd&if,leDazmif;c|wf+yD; wyfxJuxGufukdxGuf&rSmjzpfw,f? ppfwyfxJvkyf&if;eJ@ EdkifiHa&;rvkyf&bl;qdkwJhrl 'Drdkua&pD EdkifiHwdkif;rSm±Sdw,f? 'gudkcsdK;azguf+yD;awmh ppfwyfyg0ifcGifh±Sd&r,fqdkwm ppftpdk;&tm%moufqdk;±Snfzdk@bJ &nf±G,fxm;w,f? wdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;pkrsm;udk umuG,fxm;wJh Oya'vJwckrSrygwJhtwGuf 2008 zGJ@pnf;ykHukd Oya'vdk@awmif rac:oifhwJh Oya'jzpfw,f?

1947 tajccHOya'rSmusawmh tcsuf 5 csufxJrSm ygw,f? t*FvdyftkyfcsKyfaecsdefqkdawmh t*FvdyfawGu csif;jynfe,fukdcsif;vlxkvufxJtm%mv$Jxm;w,f? ucsifqkd&ifvJ 'l0gawGvufxJ tm%mv$Jxm;ovkd o#rf;awGqkd&ifvJ apmfbGm;awGvufxJ tm%mv$Jtyfxm;ay;w,f? b,fol rS olwkd@ukd0ifrpGuf zufbl;? 'Dtwkdif;jzpf&rSm ? tck zGJ@pnf;ykHxJrSm vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;vkd trsm;eJ@qkdifwJh[mukd aocsmuef@owf xm;&r,f qkdwmtwdtusygw,f? Principle oabm avmuf bJjzpfawmh twdtusvkyf&r,f qkdwJh [m rygvmbl;?

CRPP OuUXylusifh±Sif;xef (14/02/2010)

1947 zGJ@pnf;yHkray:cif yifvHkpmcsKyf t&ifay:w,f? 1947a&;wJhtcgusawmh yifvHkpmcsKyft& wdkif;&if;om;tm;vHk; udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh±Sd&r,fqdkwJhtcsuf ygrvmawmhbl;? tJ'Dtcsdefup+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@&J@wef;wla&;udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh&±Sda&; aysmufoGm;+yD;awmh wdkif;&if;om;awGvufatmufcHvlrsKd; vdkawmufav#mufjzpfvmw,f? 1947tajccHOya'rSmawmif 'Drdkua&pDtenf;tusOf;&ao;w,f?

1962 tm%modrf;+yD;aemufydkif;wkdif;&if;om;tcGifhta&;awGtm;vHk;±_H;+yD; wwdkif;jynfvHk;ppftm%m±SifpepfatmufrSmusa&mufoGm;wmtckxufxdygbJ? 1974 rqvacwf awmfvSefa&;aumifpD a&;qGJwJh zGJ@pnf;yHkrSmwjynfaxmifpepf ydk+yD;yDjyifvmw,f?wygwD pepftkyfcsKyfr_atmuf a&mufvmw,f? vGwfawmf w&yfxJxm;+yD;awmh wif;wif;=uyf=uyf tm%m±SifpepfeJ@quftkyfcsKyfvmw,f? 1988 tm%m±Sifpepf ®y+yD;aemuf wygwDpepfxuf ydkqdk;wJ h ppfwyftm%m±Sifpepfv$rf;rd k;vmwmtckxufxdygbJ?wdkif;&if;om;awGvJ wESpfxufwESpf ydk+yD;'kuQa&muf ydk+yD;awmhtcuftcJóuHvm&wJhb0jzpfvmw,f? tcktajctaeukdoHk;oyf&if aumif;zdk@vrf;pu wckrS rawG@ao;ygbl;?

yifvHkoabmwlnDcsuf&J@ t"du uawmh wdkif;&if;om;awG csif;qdkvJ csif;awmifwef;a'o/ ucsifqdkvJ ucsifa'o/ o#rf;qdkvJ Fedrated Shan States ? apmfbGm;e,fawGtm;vHk; yl; aygif;+yD; ArmjynfeJ@vGwfvyfa&; twlwl,lr,fqkdawmh vGwfvyfa&;&+yD; twlwlaewJhtcsdef vlrsKd;}uD;wrsKd;rsKd; tkyfcsKyfwJhatmufrSmr[kwfbJ 'DvlrsKd;av;rsKd; e,fajrav;ckrSm tedrfhqHk;tqifh wef;wla&; tajccHay:rSmtwlaezdk@oabmwlcJh ? odk@aomf yifvHkpmcsKyfudkwm0efcHcJhwJh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; usqHk;awmh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vkyfcJhwJhudpPudk usefwJhArmacgif;aqmifawG b,folrStmr rcHawmhbJ tm%m±Sifwquf+yD;wquftkyfpkd;vmw,f? vlrsKd;wrsKd;wnf;jzpfa&;/ ppfwyfatmuf vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@tm;vHk;±Sda&;/ppfwyf tpdk;&wckxJusef±Sda&;vkyfvmwm tck 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHkjzpfvmw,f? usaemfwdk@wdkif;&if;om;awGtm;vHk; xm0& emvHrxlEdkifatmif wyfrawmftpdk;& ppftm%m±Sifatmuf qufvufu|efcH&r,fhzG J@pnf;yHkrsKd;aygh? ±Sif;±Sif;ajym&ifawmh Oya'qkdwJh"g;oGm;udk ysm;&nfeJ@zHk;xm;w,f/ tifrwefrS tqdyfjyif; wJhzGJ@pnf;yHkaygh? ysm;&nfeJ@zHk;+yD;awmh jynfaxmifpk orRw jrefrmEdkifiH-qdkwJh ysm;&nfav;pum;vHk;eJ@ zHk;xm;wmjzpfygw,f? 2008&J@tESpfom&u wu,fhtqdyftawmufjyif;wJh tE W&m,ftifrwef}uD;wJh zGJ@pnf;yHkjzpf ygw,f?

2008 zGJ@pnf;ykHtESpfom& tqdyfjyif;vSwJh tEW&m,f}uD;

pmrsufESm 37 okd‹

36 Vol. 27, No. 265, 2010

L

“autdkiftdktaeeJ@vJ yifvHkpmcsKyfudk tajccHwJ hoabmxm;udkwifjyayr,fhtckcsdeftxd bmrSn‡dE_dif;vdk@r&ao;bl;? 'ga=umifh 'Da±G;aumufyGJ tajctae tcuftcJawGóuHae&w,f”

“olwdk@ppfwyfxJrSm tajctaeraumif;ygbl;? KIO eJ@aqG;aEG;wkef;u wif;rmr_jzpfw,f? wdkufyGJjzpfzkd@txd KIO bufutqifoifhjyifqifw,f? 'gayr,fh etz u rwdkufbl;? 'D[mudk=unhfjcif;tm;jzifh ol@rSmtm;enf;csufawG±Sdaew,f? tJ'g a=umifha±G;aumufyGJvJ a±$@Edkifw,f? a±G;aumufyGJ rjzpfraevkyfr,fqdk&iftay;t,lvky+yD;rSbJ vkyfvdrfhr,f?”

“typf&yftzGJ@wdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;tzGJ@/ 'Drdkua&pDta&;twGuf óud;pm;aewJh tzGJ@awGeJ@ etz awG@qHkaqG;aEG; tajz±Smr,fqdk&if 'Drdkua&pD EdkifiHwckjzpfvmr,f/ awG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_onfomv#if tajzwckjzpfw,f ”

ukdatmif0g

“2010 a±G;aumufyGJu 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHwJha±G;aumufyGJjzpfw,f? wdkif;&if;om;wyftiftm; tm;vHk; wyfrawmfatmufrSmxm;±Sdzdk@ tajccHOya't& wyfrawmfwckwnf;omvufeufudkifcGifh±SdwJh yHkpHrsKd; xnfhxm;wJhtwGuf BGF vkyfzdk@ zdtm;ay;vmwmjzpfw,f/ tJ'gudk rGefEdkifiHa&;tiftm;pkawG vufeufudkiftiftm;pkawGu 'g[mEdkifiHa&;tcGifhta&;r[kwfbl;/ 2008zGJ@pnf;yHkuvnf; wdkif;&if;om;awG&J@ tcGifhta&;udk bmrS tmrrcH xm;wJhtwGufa±G;aumufyGJvJr0ifEdkifbl; vufeufvJrtyfEdkifbl;/ e,fjcm;apmifhwyftjzpfvJrajymif;Edkifbl;? rGefjynfopfygwDuyGifhyGifhvif;vif; a=ujimxm;wmawG@&w,f? tpdk;&zdtm;ay;r,fwckckvkyfvmr,fqdk&iftajctae ydkqdk;vmbG,f±Sdw,f?”

“'DzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' t=uyftwnf;atmufrSm vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;uvGJ&if wjcm;enf;vrf;r±SdwJhtwGuf wdkif;&if;om;awG vufeufudkbJtm;udk;ae&wmjzpfw,f?”

“ukvor*~uae tpOftqufcsrSwfvmwJh oHk;yGifhqdkifaqG;aEG;a&;eJ@ aemufqHk;+idrf;csrf;a&;twGuf tajz±SmEdkifwJh vrf;wckbJvdk@ usaemfjrifw,f?”

“wdkif;&if;om;tcGifhta&;u zGJ@pnf;yHkrSm t=uyftwnf;±Sdaew,f/ zGJ@pnf;yHkoHk;ckudk =unfhwJhtcgrSm 2008 tajccHOya'uydkqdk;vmw,f? 1947 wHk;u wdkif;&if;om;tcGifhta&;twGuf rjzpfbJ wjynfaxmifykHpHjzpfayr,fh zuf'&,fyHkpHjzpfvmEkdifr,fh zGJ@pnf;yHkawmifjzpfao;w,f? 2008 usawmh jynfe,fawGrSm vGwfawmfawG±Sdayr,fh ppfwyfvGrf;rdk;xm;wJhvlawGeJ@ ppfwyfuzGJ@pnf;xm;wJhEdkifiHa&;ygwDawGbJtm%m&vdrfhr,f? wdkif;&if;om;awGudk udk,fpm;ðywJhwdkif;&if;om;udk,fpm;vS,fawG tm%m&rSmr[kwfbl;? jynf

oHk;yGifhqdkifaqG;aEG;a&;omv#if jynfwGif;ppfrD;a±SmifvJGEdkif

e,f vGwfawmfawGtay: A[dktpdk;&u csKyfudkifxm;w,f? usaemfwdk@rSmu pmayeJ@,Ofaus;r_tcGifhta&;awGaz:xkwfzdk@awmiftcuftcJjzpfaew,f? 2008 zGJ@pnf;ykHrSm tajccH'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;eJ@ tajccHtrsKd;om;tcGifhta&; jyXmef;csufawG rjyXmef;rxm;wJhtwGuf rGefjynfe,fvGwfawmf±Sdr,f qdkaomfjim;vJ bmrSvkyfvdk@r&wJh tajctaerSm ±Sdw,f?”

EdkifuaqmhrGef

“etzu zdtm;ay;wJhyHkpH +cdrf;ajcmuft=uyfudkifwJhyHkpHawGenf;rsKd;pHkoHk;aewm awG@&w,f? t"du uawmh e,fjcm;apmifhwyftqdkðycsuf vufrcHwJhtzGJ@awGudk t"duxdk;ppfqif+yD; aoG;cJGa&;®zcGJa&; +cdrf;ajcmufa&;eJ@ vufeufudkifwdkufEdkifwJh tqifhrsKd;aygh?tJ'gawGudk jyifqifaewmawG@&w,f? typf&yftzGJ@awG&J@ vufeufudkifwyfu e,fjcm;apmifhwyfqdkayr,fh oufwrf;u odyf=umrSmr[kwfbl;? ,m,DygbJ/ ul;ajymif;umvrSm e,fjcm;apmifhwyfac:+yD;awmh aemufoHk;av;ESpfqdk&if wyfrawmf&J@ vufatmufcHt+rJwrf;wyfzGJ@jzpfoGm;r,f? aemufqHk;wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkifwyfawG vHk;0r±Sda&;qdkwJhay:vpDatmufrSm tcif;usif;jzpfaew,f? wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@taeeJ@ rdrd&J@trsKd;*k%ftrsKd;om;vuQ%m rdrdjynfe,frdrde,fajrudk qufvufwnfaqmuf csifw,fqdk&ifawmh udk,fhvufeufudkifwyfu udk,fhygwDtzGJ@tpnf;vufatmufrSmbJ±SdwJhrludk vufudkif&rSmbJ? tu,fI

EdkifuaqmhrGef


INDEPENDENCE

ing vkyfr,fqdkwJh cGJwrf;awGrwnfhwmeJ@yJ a±G;aumufyGJ=umoGm;Edkifw,f? tJ'Dvdk=umEdkifwm a±G@Edkifwmta=umif; &if; w&m;cHu ppfwyfudk,fwdkifbJjzpfw,f? w&m;cHrjzpfatmif typf&yfawGa=umifhqdk+yD; w&m;cH±SmwmbJjzpfw,f? oHk;oyfvdk@&wmu 2010xJrSm a±G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifatmifvkyfcsifwJhqENu eHygwf 1OD;pm;ay;/ typf&yfawGudk wdkufzdk@u 'kwd,jzpfw,f?”

“ppftm%m±SifpepfeJ@ a&;wJh ppfOya'atmufrSmawmhvHkðcHa&;uawmh jynfwGif;vHkðcHa&;rubl; jynfyvHkðcHa&;udkyg xdcdkufEdkifwJhtvm;tvmawG±Sdw,f? typf&yfawGeJ@ wdkufyGJjyefjzpfonfjzpfap/ twif;t=uyf ESdyfuGyfonfjzpfap/ aoG;cJGwmjzpfap etzpnf;±kH;r_ ®yuGJwmbJjzpfap vHkðcHa&;udkxdcdkufEdkifwJh ta=umif;t&mawGbJ ”

AdkvfrSL;}uD;cGefOuUm

“ wdkif;&if;om;awG vdkcsifwmu txufpnf;u r[kwfygbl;? wef;wla&;tajccHav; awmif;wma=umifh wef;wla&;tajccHudk todtrSwfðyay;zdk@ 0efrav;oifhbl; wef;wla&; ay;vdkuf±kHeJ@nD!wfwJh jynfaxmifpkudk wnfaqmufEdkifr,fvdk@ ,Hk=unfw,f?”

OD;armifarmifoef;BBC 7/ Feb/ 2010

jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawGjzpfwJh tar&duef/ *smr%D/ uae'g/qGpfZvef/ tENd, tm;vHk; trsKd;tpm;awGrSm jynfe,fawGeJ@zGJ@&w,f/ jynfe,fawG r±Sd&ifjynfaxmifpkr±Sdbl;? 'gha=umifhtrsKd;tpm;wckxJeJ@ zGJ@ &w,f? odk@aomfvJ etzzGJ@pnf;yHkrSmawmhrqvwkef;u vkdwdkif;a'o}uD; 7 ck jynfe,f 7 cktwlwlbJt&ifu twdkif;ygbJ?tcsKd;rwlwJh wcsKd@uwkdif;jzpf/ wcsKd@u jynfe,fjzpf 'Dvdke,fajrawGaygif;pnf;wmudk jynfaxmifpkvdk@ ac:&ifOya't&abmifvJr0ifbl;/ twkta,mif jynfaxmifpk udkjyef+yD;OD;wnfw,fqdkwmay:vGifw,f? wdkif;a'oawG jynfe,fawG aygif;xm;wJhjynfaxmifpkvdk@ac:ayr,fh jynfe,ftvdkuf wdkif;tvdkufvkyfydkifcGifhawG Oya'ðycGifhawGbmrSr±Sdbl;? A[dktpdk;&vdk@ac:wJhjynfaxmifpk tpdk;&rSmu tm%mOya'ðycGifhtm%m 120 ausmf,lxm;+yD;jynfe,fvGwfawmfrSm bmrSta&;r}uD;wJh Oya'ðyu¾40 avmufbJ csefxm;ay;w,fqkdawmh 'gu A[dkcsKyfudkifr_wif;=uyfwJh wjynfaxmif pepffjzpfae+yDqkdwm ±Sif;±Sif;vif;vif; ajymvdk@&w,f?

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