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20-.
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rkufUqkrf;ulef;rdlif;qdkifjwB;v.wfjvFOf;
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iBmjiBmjOMj qkrf; &yv (,yv) cOfyAefqfg
rmefj? yAefcdlifjrdkOf;rmefj olef;=pf;{julef;
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vAwfjwif;rmefj wdkef;wluf;vlif;uefao
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uwfUuMj,if;rD;ymifvlifw.efjwMbyAefwDj,dyf;
4 Vol. 25, No. 242, 2008
L¾ rmefjte;wB;OMj okefbvBjzmwfbn.ufb
efg;yd lifiOfjyd kif;rd lif; 1947 eefU
yAefnefudwfbcgmif v.ifjyAeferfUedkifjqfgvAOf
uef efg;tujumifrmefjwif;wB;/ wB;orfUOMj
okefbvBjzmwfbn.ufbeBU nrfbqfgjyef[M/
OMbwnlrfndkefqdlOfUcdlOf;ydlefj cfgjnOfqdlOfUcdlOf;
wlOfuOfb cdkefjyAefqduf;yAefq.rfeefU,OfU
yAefyef[M/ eBUzfgzdwf;zfgxkufb/
(1) zljerf;rmefjOMj wB;wif;rmefj
vDuef,lb? ndif;uvAwf@rM;qFufb
tvj imufj,mefuef
ayM;wlpf;qefUulef;rdlif;twU cOfvD
awMbuefeBeefU =U[efiBmjiBmj,lb? wlpf;nOf
ulef;uMUOlOf;wmifbrMUwmifbwB;ugMb q.wfbwlOfj
efg;rdlif;rmefjqArfymefn.efwmif;u.ef;acM/
ulpf;uMj ayM;wlpf;qefUumefrldif;twU
v.ifjnrfbOBUedlOfUqdlOfjqfg,krfbuefeBeefU
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vAwfj [efrD;erf,lb? [Of;,if;wlufbqdkOfjoAif
nOfcBjaeuefvBj/ wlOfb,mifbiBmjiBmjref;
rdlOfjndif;uvAwfj ,dkwf;[kyfjrdlif;rmefj,OfU
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y.ifyAefvBjeefU awnrfbnOfulef;rmefjyM;
q.rf;ugMb? ,.efUOMjwB;nrfb,krfbrmefj? OBm;
ndif;uvAwf@rM;yuf;oOf;,OfU ZBmbyBm;ypMb
eBU rmefj,lbwDjyAif;twU rD;=if;[Aef;erfvdlOf
wB;ao ayUykefjedlOfwB; qdlOf;,lbrdlif;vB.
tvj ,difjcFef;[mifb,mefuef/
Oef;rdlOfjeBU ayM;vmwfjv.ifjnkyfbnlOf;
uefomrfZBmb (Tripartite Dialogue) eB efg;
yDje.ifUrmefjqdlOf;nrfb[efvD(nrfb[efvlpfj)
eBU awvBj[efrD;erf? cOf[efOMjwuf;vBjrD;
o.ifZBmbulpf;? eBUnrfbqfgjtvjOMj yAefymef
rdlOfjvAOf? yAefrM;qArfrdlOfjymefndif;uvAwfj?
rdlOfj 1931 rD;ymifukrfvlif zdlefrlef;v.ifj
rdlif;rmefj (Burma Round Table Confe-
rence) eefU ayM;zljwFef;ZBmbqmOf;cdlOf;cOf
ugMbcOfj=rfjq.rf;auMj zljerf;rmefjauMUedkifj
nrfb,dlefUvBjao n.ufbymufbOMj nrfbvDvBj
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yAefndif;uvAwfj wif;n.ifbomef;,OfU/
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eifb v.ifjnOfvdufjrmefjrM;uFrf vdufjndif;u
vAwfj yAefvdufjefg;vkrf;efg;qB;/
(2) zfgcBmudefrldif;-qOfjZMU[dkOf
&yv (SPFL)
ayM;wlpf;vdufj rdlefeifbqOfj,dif;
qefbwMb wFrfjeefUauMjOMj qOfjZMUvD?
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yAefwmif;zdwf; &yv (qkrf;nef ulef;ekrfb
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ayM;wlpf;vdu fj nl;xkef;rs de fU
nl;olpfbnlif;cOforfUOMj qOfjZMUeBU nrfb
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u.yfjeef qdlOf;[Of;udkwf;vdkef;vif aw
vBj,krfbZBmbvfg? cOfjcmifjzfg/
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vBm;rdkOf;wArfxlefj qdlOf;eefUqdkif awvBj
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xkufbrFefj ,lbeifbuef/
rdlefZBmb &yv OMjqOfjZMUwlpf;ykefj
wlOfuOfbulpf;eBeefU rmifqOfjtwU=Uawqfgj
,lb ref;nrfbqfgjrlwf; (rdlefqOfjckefusDb
oxkifb? qOfjqmrfbxkef; rdlif;y.ef nefzfgzfg
auMj,.rf;[yfUOMj yAefulef;[Awf;wMbOmefjrdlif;)
nefuBUcOfjqfgydlifjuefeBU yAefqOfjZMU,.if
=pfj/ ref;qOfjeBUnrfbOMjZBmbrmefj ZBmbwB;
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[Awf;vDrM;wFufbvFif; zfgnrfbxAifvBjeefU
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é ymefndif;uvAwfj[Aufj+ifU wkuf;,.ef;
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ulef;rdlif;/
é ymifukrf 1946 wDjrdlif;udkifeefU yAef
auMUurfUxFrf wMb{julef;rdlif;vBjrD;
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é rd lOfjndif;uvAwfjw.ifjxmrfumifqf g
uAOfbvlpfjv.uf;ydlifqdkifjrdlif;auMj wdkef;
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ralism)
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,myfb,lb/
ZBmb &yv auMjrdlefuef? qldOf;zljerf;
eBU qrfqfgzljerf;rmefj? vBj[yfUyBm;OlefU
umefrdlif;wDjrmefjtvj qif;v.uf;ydlifqOfjZMU
OMjeBaowMU xFifjZBmbedkifjauMj yAefqkrf;
qldOf;[ufUqmwfjtwUtwUeBeefU nrfbxAif
vBj/auMUwlOfulif;ref;twhyAef nl;xkef;
rsdefU w.ifbusD;/
wlOfzljwFrfjauMj ,.efUnmefbvdufjref;
qOfjtvj cOfjxdlefb,dyf;u.ifj,dyf;urfawMbolj
rM; awMb,mrf;vAOf? zdkefvdufjref;qOfjwFrfj
OBU rdlefeifb ]aw=rfjteb awzmwfb}
(cJGa&; wJGa&;) eBU qdydlif;o.ifbteOBUumifqfg
&yv yAef[dkOftwUtwUeefU,lb/ xdkifwDj
rmefjayM;wdofgbc.ufjeefU ydlefjcrf,lb 4-5
yD ref;qOfj,lb 8 yD qifbvBjn.ufbc.ufj/
okefbwlOfzljwFrfjtwU[efOMj wif;
o.ifZBmb (qOfjZMUwif;&yv)eBU [Awf;wMb
rdlif;wB;tvjulef;rdlif;wB;eifbuef? ulpf;uMj0;yhl5Pyj9Cdyh
Shan Herald Agency for News 5
INDEPENDENCE
ydlifjuefwDj vBm;eyfUo.efbzfg vBm;eyfUo.efb
ref;/ vDvBjvAyfj[Aef;v.ifjwmif;o.ifZBmb
vDvDao awvBj[Mwmif;wMbylefUv.wfjvBj
nefulef;rdlif;[Of;wluf;udef;,lb,mrf;vAOf/
wmif;ZBmbnl;olpfbnlif; (nefyAef
zljvAyfj[Aef;rBmrDjrM;? orfUyAefzljerf;auMU
vAOf nef,mrfjcOfj=rfjymifukrfymifvlifrM;ao
,if;wdkufUawMbolj,lb,mrf;vAOf) twUOMj-
(4) rmefjOMj okefbvBjzmwfbn.ufbeBU
yAefyef[MeB q.ifbqfgj<
okefbvBjzmwfbn.ufbeefU rdlOfjcmif-
csmif;-wB; wluf;vlif;uefqArfydkif;auMj wdkef;
yM;OBU? ulpf;uMj efg;vdufjvBjqfg 4 ZBmb nef
yM;rmefjeefUtwU nrfbrD;? yAef[dkOfauMj
efg;ydlifiOfjydkif;rdlif; 1947 eefU twU ofgbOBU
wFufbwFufbvFif;vFif;OMj wArf 10 yD zmwfb
n.ufbvBj/
qkrf;odkuf;rmefjtwUOMj ,.efUacMjeBU
tvj qifbvBjulOfwFufbao,dkwf;nMbeMbyFwfj
OMjeB/ ulpf;uMjnl;olpfbnlif;qdqrfjteOMj
ref;yAefacMjnmifj (excuse) ref;nrfbqfgj
[Awfbzlef (reason) /
¾ cBjqfgwlpf;vDvD? ayM;nrfbrD;okefbvBj
zmwfbn.ufbqdkif q.ifbwB;aw=rfjq.rf;?
ayM;wB;nrfb=rfjq.rf; q.ifbawrD;qdkifjrdlif;
=rfjwkrf? u.yfjeefv.ifjyAefqdkifjrdlif;=rfjwkrf
,lbrdlOfjvAOf,if;xkufbvBjc.yfjqfgrkefwmifbedlOf
okefbvBjzmwfbn.ufb/(3) wB;nrfbvlif;vBm;rdkOf;
vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif q.ifbvBj<
ayM;wlpf; [uf@ wdif@cdlOf@ Hugh
Tinker (auMUvAyfj[Aef; v.ifjrd lif;rmefj
qefUokifeefU) twU ref;qOfjwFrfjOMj-
qkrf;qmOf;cdlOf;cOfeBU nrfbrD;wmif;vdlufj/
ndif;uvAwfjwdkef;Omif;zFef rM;cmOf;,mOf;
wMb{julef;rdlif;uljqmOf;cdlOf; nrfbwFufb,Bmj
,lb=rfjuef? ymifukrfwDj OAif;[email protected]@
(London) rldif;ndif;uvAwfj 1947 eefU
+ifUyM;qmOf;cdlOf;vBj,lbaowMU orfUnrfb
+ifUao r.ufbn.ifbomef;ugMbulpf;? nkyfbuef
ao wluf;vlif;w.efjwMb yefrd lif;rmefj
u.ef;acM/ wMbwmifbqmOf;cdlOf;twU awnOf
umifqfgcOfv.wfjvFOf;ao cOfj=rfjyM;eBeefU
yAefugmrf;[mifjvD/ ulpf;uMj orfUayM;ydkOfj
rmufbwFOfbref;ugMb nrfbnOfvBjcdkef;,OfU/
wMbqmOf;cdlOf;cOfeBU aw=rfjnrfb=rfj
nrfbqmifjvdlufj/ u.yfjndif;uvAwfjOMj{j=rfj?
rD;wmif;vdlufjydlifvAOf nefOMj aw=rfjvBm;vfg
eefUulpf;/ qifbOMj uwfUuMj,if;rD;vdufj
=rfjrBmymifvlif-awvBjOMjeef,lb/
wB;eBUnrfb=rfjrdlif;rmefjao nOfu.ef;acM
[if;ulpf;auMjvBj/
nrfbvdlOfaon.ifbomef; ayM;vmwfjOMj
]nrfb=rfjao wdkuf;ugMb[if;ulpf;auMjvBj?
aw[dkifuMj[dkOfeefUtwU zfgnrfbOMjvBj? ulpf;
uMj ayM;=rfjrmefj[Of;twU olqOfjauMjaw
vBju.ef;acMefg;edkifjyDq.rf;[Of;}/
rdlef rav;oJLdOf@eBU nrfbnOfu.ef;
acMq.rf;ydlefj? ulpf;uMjxdkifrM; 1958 ndif;u
vAwf@auMj,kufUyefcOf? rdlOfjeefU cOfauMj
wlOfjwef;uef,Ofj? qifbOMj nrfbokufUoufU
oif/
uAOfbvlpfj v.ifjnOfu.ef;acMeefU
qArfrdlOfj 1947 ulef;vlifqdlifUeifb nAwf@csf
nFef@oD@ owD@OAef@oef@ (HNC Ste-
venson) cOfauMjteUerf;rM;,lbOMj {jnOf
vB.;vB.; awMbyBm;ypMb yBm;rmufjrD;ayUwlOf
z.rfUzAifbuefrlwf;u.efb? ulpf;uMjqdlOf;nef
cfgjvBju.ef;acMOB;OB;cOftwU [efxdkifOMj
Stevenson yAefulef;,MUulef;uOf;ulpf;-eB
awMb,mrf;vAOf/
uAOfbvlpfjacMjeBU qdlOf;vlifUvFefbumef
rdlif;umefrBmrDjcOfawvBjodkyfbxAifuefugMbxFifj,lb/
0:,yl6bdyrgoj;boyr
¾ wMbqdkifjrdlif;=rfjwkrfawwFufb nrfb
wFufb ref;,lbwDjokefbvBjzmwfbn.ufb? ref;
,lbwDjOMj q.ifbyAefxrf;nrfbyAefxrf; (YwM;
nrfbYwM;)? q.ifbrD;v.ifj zAifbyAif;_nrfbrD;
eefUulpf;? ayM;nrfbyAefxrf;tvj nrfb
zAifbyAif;qdkif rD;-nrfbrD; okefbvBjzmwfb
l6bxyjokhS@$
6 Vol. 25, No. 242, 2008
L
3 ZFyf@VdOf@'D@ twbymifukrfvlifymifvlify.ufjurf;o.if/
olifbvdufjoBmvlrf; (telegram) ugMbql;
vlify.ifqdkifj ndif;uvAwfj v.ifjc.ifboDb
qdkifjwB; awrD;ymifukrfwDjw.ifbusD;
rdlOfj 15 ZFyf@VdOf@'D@/
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6 ZFyf@VdOf@'D@ ymifukrfzljwFef; wB;-cmif rD;acMjwFyf;wwf;
1U urfUxFrf{jyDje.ifUcmifrD;aq@rldif;
2U okefbvBjzAifbyAif;wif;rdlif;rmefj
3U aq@rdlif;cOf aw[yfUeMjwDj uAOfbvlpfj
umefwmif;efg;aq@rdlif;cOftvj =rfj[yfU
eMjwDjuAOfbvlpfj umefwmifbv.ifj/
4U nrfb,.rf;[yfUacMjvBjqfg n.ifbomef;
nFwf@vDb/
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7 ZFyf@VdOf@'D@ À ymifukrfwB;-cmif-csmif; =rfj[yfU+if;
(ruf;refj) acMjwFyf;wwf;rdlOfjOM;/
À vlify.ifqdkifjndif;uvAwfj olifbvdufj
oBmvlrf;w.yfbcdkef; v.ifjnrfb,.rf;[yfU
c.ifboDbqdkifjwB;tvjzFefumef
c.ifboDbqdkifjwB;/
À ulef;rdlif;wDjymifvlifukrfuefao
omefcwf;vdufjoBmvlrf;vlify.ifqdkifj
ndif;uvAwfj tvj ydkefzmOfbc.ifboDb
qdkifjwB; nefrD;wlOfwFef;ZBmb qOfjZMU
tvj ZBmbulef;rdlif;cOfj=rfj/
8 ZFyf@VdOf@'D@ n.ifbomef;rM;xkdifymifvlif/
9 ZFyf@VdOf@'D@ ymifukrfvlifymifvlif
11 ZFyf@VdOf@'D@ wFyf;wwf;-
1U Oef;xd 7 ZFyf@VdOf@'D@ yAef
Oef;qmwfjykwfjwFef;
Oef;xd 7 oFyf@xFrf@VdlOf@ 1930
2U zFefb vdlifcAOfvFif yAefwkif;qmwfj/
3U ugmrf;qmwfj-cdlOf;wB; cdlOf;'MbqMb{jqfgUugMb
qlOfjcmOf;/
12 ZFyf@VdOf@'D@ acMjvBjqgfymifvlif/ aq@rdlif;cOf rD;okefbvBj
umefz.if;irf;wlOfbuOfbwArfxlefj q.rf;eifb
[email protected]'@oD@ tvj okefbvBjulef;/
1885 rdlif;rmefjyAef clOf@vlOf@eD@ (colony) ndif;uvAwfj
1887 rdlif;wB;yAef rdlif;wfgj=rfbvlrfj (protectorate) ndif;uvAwfj
1922 rdlif;qOfjZMU 33 rdlif; (OBm;eBU 34 rdlif;) nefrD;
wB; 21 xek 7 ynlOf; 2 yv.ifj 1 OMU 1 ulOf;umifU 1
tvj u,mif; 1 yAefqdkifjrdlif;=rfjwkrf/
=OfyOfjyAefndif@uvAwf@/
1930 ruf;rBmnOfOef;xd 7 oFyf@xFrf@ydlOf@ yAefOef;qmwfj
OBm;ymifukrfw.ifbusD; nef=rfjqfguef[Aufj+ifUwkuf;,.ef;
okefbvBjz.if;irf;wlOf;w.ef;vdlOfuOfb/
1945
15 anM@uwfUof odkuf;vkrfjZMU okwf;wlOfj
17 n.uf@WlOf@VdlOf@ vlify.ifqdkifjndif;uvAwfj ydkefzmOfbzFefumef
wMbyeffrdlif;rmefju.ef;acM (yM;wif;eMjvdef
r.ef; 'cFifb cOf)/ e.ufjeefUnef+ifUOMj
ydkefUwDjvFefvdefeBh awz.if;irf;ugMb[if;acM/
1946
30 usFef@edOf@'D@ ymifukrfrdlif;udkif auMbwifjc.ifboDbqOfjZMU
qdkifjwB; (OBm;eBUtr;vBmjqdkOfjyAefc.ifboDb
qdkifjwB;)/ =OfyOfjyAef ckefymef;qdifb
qOfjZMUvlif ulef;cdlOf;yv.ifj rdlif;w.ifbyFifb-
vB.vliferfUoefb/
26-28 rmwfUcsf ymifukrfvlifymifvlif y.ufjurf;edkifj?
nkyfbnlOf;wMberf;nOf zljwFef;ulef;rldif;
cOfj=rfjefg;c.ifboDbqdkifjwB;rfgb/
20 anM@uwfUof ulef;ekrfbqdkifjwB; auMbwifjrkufUqkrf;
qdkifjwB;v.wfjvFOf; (OBm;eBUtr;vBmjqdkOfjyAef
rkufUqkrf;ulef;rdlif;qdkifjwB;v.wfjvFOf;)?
vuf;umef 3 acMjc.ifrkufUqkrf;-
1U qdkifjwB;rD;erfUuwfUyAefvBjqdkifjrdlif;
u.ef;acM/
2U qdkifjwB;vD=rfjrdlif;rmefjao nOfu.ef;acM
(u.yfjOMj[Fif;rdlif;wB; nrfbyAif;ayM;)/
3U qdkifjwB; vD=rfjrdlif;rmefjao auMbwifj
qdkifjrdlif;=rfjwkrf (oifOMjrD;okefbvBj
yM;qArfokefbvBjzmwfbn..ufb)
1947
27 usFef@edOf@'D@ acMjvBjqfgn.ifbomef;nFwf@vDb-rdlif;rmefj
{ju.ef;acMefg;cmOf;wmif; 1 yD/
ndifedlOfumifqfgv.wfjvFOf;ao {julef;rdlif;
ydkefUwDjvFefvdefcOf cOfj=rfjyM;/
ydkef;Oef;qdlOfUqmwfj _ Oef;qdkifjwB; (wDjuFyfj)
Shan Herald Agency for News 7
INDEPENDENCE
Oef;xd 07_02_2008 ulef;rdlif;wB;-
nmif;oM;? xek? ynlOf;? yv.ifj (wnmif;)?
OMU? ncMb? vM;=b? ulOf;umifh? wB; =rfjuef
qwf;[Awf; ymify.B;Oef;qdlOfhqmwfjqdkifjwB;
c.yfj+yfj 61 yD/ rdlefeifbiOfjikef;v.BwB;vFif;
RCSS/SSA ? v.BoefqkqdlOf;eBh/ qdlOf;yAef
OAif;,fgbOAif;vlif rdlefeifb OAif;vdlOfb? wMjukifj?
uAif;rfgbqdlOf;eBhauMj qwf;[Awf;Oef;qdlOfhqmwfj
qdkifjwB; odkOfjzfgwef;ref;/ rdlif;usyef@twh
qwf;[Awf;,OfhugMb rdlOfjOef;xd 03_02_08
qdlOf;wluf;+wfjusyef@cOfj=rfj nrfb,.rf;
150 auMU/
wDjOAif;uAif;rfgb ulef;ekrfbrdlif;wB; oFef;
[kefjrfgbcOfauMj [mifj[Fef;qwf;[Awf;cdkufhcrfb/
Oef;qdlOfhqmwfjqdkifjwB;tvj Oef;vdufj=rfj
rBmymifvlif xlefjwArf 61 yD? Oef;rdlif;=rfj
wkrfv.wfjvFOf;u.ef;acMwArf 60 yDrM; ao
wMU umefrdlif;rdlif;rmefj nrfbvFufjvBmjoif?
ulef;rdlif;[mrf;[Fuf;okefbvBj uljydlif vBjxkufb
odkuf;rmefjrdlufjrfgb cDbwAuf;ayhudef,lbOef;Oef;
cdkef;cdkef;/
ymify.B;Oef;qdlOfhqmwfjqdkifjwB;v.BwB;
ulef;rldif;wB; n.efuefqwf;[Awf;ymify.B;
Oef;qdlOfhqmwfjqdkifjwB; c.yfj+yfj 61 yD
vFif;eefh arMugmrf;qdkOfjoAif ,fgbrdlif;xB;
nFwfhcM@'M@VmOf@ wif;qmOf;cdlOf;efg;qkdifjwB;
ynlOf;-,mif;vFif KNPP auMjcOfj=rfj/
=OfyOfjqOfj,.wfjodkuf; r.ufbvmwfjacMj
ugmrf;efg;ymify.B;OMj-]ayM;OMjnrfbrD;qdkifjwB;
auMj wdkef;awnrfbrD;Oef;qdlOfhqmwfjqdkifj
wB;? oifqdlOfhOMjnrfbrD;Oef;qdlOfhqmwfjqdkifj
wB;auMj wdkef;awnrfbrD;rM; rdlif;=rfjwkrf
nefvlif;vBm;rdkOf;vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif 12_
02_1947 }-OMjeB/
odkyfboyf;vFif;texFifjOMj- ]cfgj{j
ulef;rdlif;wB;z.rfh=rfjuef? ulef;rdlif;[Of;qdlOf;
wluf;+wfjOmefjrldif;ydlefjauMj cfgj{jvAyfj[Aef;
yuf;ydlifOmefjrldif;ydlefjtvj arM[Aef;=UypMb
arM[Awf;omifjw.efjwMb ykefjymifjz.ef;vD
Omefjrldif;? wyfhodkuf;qdkifjwB; SSA awodkyfb
zAOfjrlpfh,MjrOf;urftvj odkyfbomefcwf;
ulef;qdlOf;y.rfjwFyf;rBh ,MUodifbOFwfhv.rfhqdkifj
wB;vkvFOf}-eB,Ofh/
arM+ifhugmrf;qdkOfjoAifvdkOf;,fgb rdlif;xB;
nFwfhc'M@VmOf@ auMU,mrfj yef[Fif;umefrldif;
wB;rM; qArfymef MTA cmOf;wmif; 15 yDyBm
vmwfjteugmrf;efg;nluf;efg;qfgOMj-]y.B;Oef;
qdlOfhqmwfjqdkifjwB; v.BwB;vFif;yDeBh vD,.ifj
a,M;twhtwh? y.ufjurf;eBh uOfcMjvBjrM;,Arfj
qfg;v.BwB;vFif; yAefy.ufjxd 2} OMjeB/
efg;OAif;wMjukifjauMj =rfjuefqwf;[Awf;
Oef;qdlOfhqmwfjqdkifjwB; wDjOwfhwB;uOfjvuf;/
ulpf;uMjvBj[AufjqdkOfjOMj-]ymify.B;Zdifjtij
wmif;uMjulef;rdlif;wB;uljqmOf;cdlOf;}/ ayM;
nrfbOMjeB wMbwmifb,.ef;qOfjeMjwDjodkuf;
rmefjao vBj[yfhnekpmwfjeefhnrfbiBmj/
yDje.ifhqmOf;cdlOf;rdlif;wB; rdlefqldOfheifb
ynlOf;? yv.ifj (wnmif;)? xek? wB;e.if
(nmif;oM;)? wB;crf;wDj? wB;vFifqdlOf;eBh
rM;cOfj=rfjuMjOFef+ifhzAif;ugmrf;/ zlj+ifhugmrf;
qdkOfjoAif,fgb qBm;xD;oFif? ylOfbzdOfb? aqMbyBmb
qdlOf;eBh rM;vOfbrlefjwlefjqfg/ qOfjyBm;rdlif;_
yBm;ydkef;vlif vkif;olpfbnlif; auMjcOfj=rfj/
ymifyB.;twb 18;30 rlif; xdkifwAifjcdkef;qBmh
-eB,Ofh/
ymify.B;Oef;qdlOfhqmwfjqdkifjwB; wDjrdlif;
usyef@orfh [email protected] ca'@oD@qdlOfhcdlOf;
wB; SND rdlif;usyef@ qBm;oDOef; vmwfj
OMj- ]ymify.B;eBh yAefwMbyFif;rFwfb umefqdlOfh
qmwfj? ulOfulef;ekrfbqkyfjOBm; vifnrfb=U
ydkef;wB; rldif;wB; tvj yAefumefrFifb,dkefj
ykefjz.ef; ykwfjwdefwmifrdkOf;ugMbOef;vdkef;
rdlOf;eMj}-OMeB/
odkyfbvmwfjxFifjOMj- ]vdufj=rfjrBm
ymifvlif 1947 rdlif;oefvB. wif;rdlif;rmefj
xkufbrD;okefbvBjzAifbyAif;uef? ,mrf;vAOfnef
odkuf;rmefjwif; emif;n.ifbomef;usDb nkyfb
uefeefhauMj rkifjr.if;OMjawcdkyfjeMj yAefrM;
ymifnkyfbnlOf;omrfZBmb/ [email protected]'@oD@
qdkOfjqfgjeefh xkufbvBjy.BbqOfjckefxkef;nl;
wif;zljn.ef=OfwB;wif;oAifj}-OMjeB/ q
umefrldif;_umefokduf;
8 Vol. 25, No. 242, 2008
L
Oef;qdlOfhqmwfjqdkifjwB; Oef;xd 07_
02_08 umifefg 09;00 rlif; rkufhqkrf;_ wyfh
odkuf;qdlOfhqmwfjOMU WNO/WNA [Awf;ymif
ukrfwDjiOfjikef;v.BOMU=dOfj y.wf;trjanM;
[drf;vFefvdefxB;ao cdkef;tr; vdlufjwifj
c.wfbz.wfj qkrf;n.ef=OfykwfjwFef;eMjwDj
wef;[Aif;=OfyOfjvlif qOfjr[Momif; auMU
nefokwf;rkefrdlOfjylefhrM; 3 vdlefyBm/
efg;ymifukrfwFyf;wwf;OMj OBm;qOfjr[M
rlbqkrf;_wyfhodkuf;qdlOfhqmwfjOMU
nefawMboljodkuf;rmefj vdlufjwifjzljerf;efg;
omif; vyfhv.Bidkef;v.Bcrf;,Ofh vBjqfgtr;c.wfb
z.wfjqkrf;n.ef=Ofrfgb/ vdlufjwifj-qOfjodkuf;
wkduf;rdlif; yAef=OfyOfj[ufhoMuef/ qOfj[mef
wMUyvB.; yAefuFrf/ ckefodkuf;vlifwMUnBmjpkefh
yAefzljy.ifumef (zljerf;efg;)/
zljrD;ykefjz.ef; wyfhodkuf;qdlOfhqmwfj
OMUauMUedkifjvmwfjOMj-]wyfhodkuf;[Of;aw
odkyfbqkuf;refj edlOfoAefjwmif;nrfbOmif;cdlifj
nefqOfjr[Momif;wrf;Omif;OBh/ vdlOfeefhvBj
wFyf;wwf; awodkyfbyBq.rf;vuf;umef,dlif;
nmef; 5 acMj nefqOfjr[Momif;,mrfjwrf;
Omif;OBh-} OMjeB/
acMj,dlif;nmef; 5 acMjeefhtwh-
1U v.ifjz.rfh=rfjqdlOfhqmwfjefg;rdlif;wB;/
2U omefcwf;v.uf;ydlifqOfjnMbeMb
odkuf;rmefj/
3U q.rf;v.uf;ydlif [email protected]'@oD@/
4U zAOfjrlpfh,MjrOf;urf/
5U nOfvBm;umefrldif;tujvdwfj
yef[Mumefrdlif; qdlOf;eBh/
qkrf;umefrldif; rkufUqkrf;qdlOfhqmwfjOMU
WNO nefrD;wyfhodkuf;qdlOfhqmwfjOMU WNA
eBh yAefvkufjqkrf; NDF (National Demo-
cratic Front) ao vkufjqBm;qOfjZMUOAif;idkef;
rdlif;OMUqOfjr[Momif; n.ef=OfauMbwifjrdlOfj
yD 1974 / nrfbw.efhulrfje.rf;Omif;cdlifju.ifj
umifbyefzljcAefaoy.ufj/ ZBmbedkifjorfhyAef
wyfhodkuf;nlpf;vD wyfhodkuf;qdkifjwB; SSA
iOfjikef;vB.wB;vFif;wif; wyfhodkuf;,mif;vFif
KNPP cOfOBh/ q
odkuf;rmefjydkefzmOfbawvdlufjwifjefg; yD 2010
qkrf;odkuf;rmefj ydkefzmOfb aw[Awf;ymif
uAyf;umifqfgulef;rdlif; edlOfydlifiOfjydkif;rdlif;rfgb
,kuf;,mifbcOfefg;vdlefar@ 2008 orfhaw
nmef;{jrD; ymifvdlufwifjefg;yD 2010 vlpfj
nrfbolefqfgOMj-yMbwDbZBmbomefcwf;aw
cOfj=rfjnrfbcOfj=rfj/ vBmZBmbvBmqkrf; wifj
acMjxmifbxdlrfOMj qkrf;odkuf;rmefjawrM;
vBm;vfgxFifj/
=if;y.BboAiftvj[mifjoAif rdlif;rmefj
ywf;ydkefh (MRTV) ydkefymOfbacMjydkefzmOfb
c.ifqkrf;odkuf;rmefj 09_02_08 OMj ]ymifuAyf;
umifqfgulef;rdlif; edlOfydlifiOfjydkif;rdlif;rfgb,kuf;
,mifb awrD;efg;vdlefar@ 2008/ umefvdlufj
wifjv.wfjvFOf; nefrD;qkrf;umefrdlif; vBm
yMbwDb? orfhaw[Awf;efg; yD 2010 q.rf;eifb
ydlifiOfjydkif;rldif;rfgb}- efg;vdufjydkefymOfb yBm
vmwfjxFifjOMj-]vBjodlOfbylydkefhxmefvBmvBm
ydlifrM; w.efjwMbvFufjvBmumefz.if;irf;}-
OMjeB/
qkrf;odkuf;rmefjydkefzmOfbqdlifheB [Awf;
{jiOfjikef;[email protected]'@ qdlOfhqmwfjrmefj
NLD n.ifbomef;okusDbn.ef=Of (nefxkufb
ukrf;cifudkuf;=def;rM; 10 yDyBm) yAefyMbwDb
ZBmbomefcwf;,fgbokwf;efg;rdlif;rmefj xmifb
xdlrfyFufbqfgq.rf;twhtwh/ zljcmefymufb NLD
nl;pmefbOdef;vmwfjOMj- ]v.ifjydkefzmOfb
eefh [Awf;{jyMbwDb NLD yFufbqfgq.rf;twh
twh? u.yfjOMj,if;yBbrD;zfgw.efh,mrfj[efydlif
iOfjydkif;rldif;,kuf;,mifb nefqkrf;odkuf;rmefj
cAefbwFrfj}-OMjeB/ ZBmbedkifjwmif;ekdifj qkrf;
[email protected]'@oD@,mefrdlif; qdlOf;,lb
e.ufjrdlif;auMjOMj-]umefvdlufjwifj nefqkrf;
odkuf;rmefj ydkefzmOfbeefh yAefvdlifjv.ufbzmrf;
Shan Herald Agency for News 9
INDEPENDENCE
yFwfhvFefulpf;? qkrf;odkuf;rmefj[Awf;wMb{j
nMbeMbcOfrefjudkrf;cmOf;,mOf;ugMbxFifj}-
OMjeB/
wyfhodkuf;,mif;zdlufb KNU qwf;[Awf;ymify.B;
Oef;vkufhzdkefhc.yfj+yfj 59 yD
Oef;xd 31_01_08 umifefg qkrf;,mif;
zdlufb KNU qwf;[Awf;ymify.B; Oef;,mif;zdlufb
vkufhzdkefhc.yfj+yfj 59 yD efg;eMjvdefwyfhqkrf;
7- KNLA ukrf;urf ([email protected]
wmufb? rdlif;xB;) ulef;rldif;,mif;zdlufbe.ufjrdlif;
efg;rdlif; vkufj[Aef;tvj yDje.ifhcFufbcOfj=rfj
eyfh=Of[Aif/
wDjymify. B;eefh zljy.ifumef KNU
zwlOfbrmef;osM@ r.ufbvmwfjOMj- ],.efh
qOfjnMbeMbodkuf;rmefjtvj qdlOfhqmwfj,mif;
wif;rlwf; vBjwluf;wfgjodkuf;odlOf? vBjvdlwfbrBj
wfgjcAefodkuf;rmefjOef;Oef;cdkef;cdkef;? eifb[dkOf
awylefhv.wfjqmwfjcDjcMjeefh yAefykefjz.ef;
,mif;zdlufbuljauMU? z.if;,mrf;odkuf;wdkuf;nOf
v.ifjxmifb[mifjeBh wdkef;omefcwf;acMjugmrf;
,.rf;umefh? cAefe.ufj_efg; nef,MU{jqdlOfhcdlOf;
wFufb,Bmj? xkufb=rfjuefomefcwf; [wf;[wf;
[mef[mef}-OMjeB/
zlj[yfheMjwDj=rfbvlrfj ekrfb[mefn.efb
auMUedkifjauMjvmwfjOMj- ],mrf;vAOfodkuf;
rmefjnOf[Fif;odkuf;zdkwfhnD;cmrf;wdkuf;? cfgj
ugmwfbvmifhx.ef[mufj qdlOfhqmwfj,mif;zdlufb
uMj[dkOfauMj [Of;wdkef;nrfb,.rf;umefh? wMbwyfh
odkuf;qdlOfhqmwfj[Of;awvk[BmugMbauMjnrfbrD;
wmif;? wdkef;awwdkuf;ugMbawMb +wfj,dlif;rBm}
-OMjeB/
efg;yD 2007 ,mif;zdlufb wif; odkuf;
rmefj yAefymifwdkuf;uef nrfb,.rf; 1b000
y.ufj? odkuf;rmefjwBm r.ufj 600 rmwfbqAyf;
1b500 yBm ZBmbwyfhodkuf;,mif;zldufb vBjr.yfj
oBmqfgwMbOmefjrdlif; 16 auMU rmwfbqAyf; 20
auMU OMjeB/
,mif;zdlufbeBh w.efjwMbylefhqmwfjcMj
yluf;wifjOmefjrldif;wlOfuOfbeefh aoM;VMUnl;
usD; yAefuOfhuef;=Ofao twbvkufhzdkefhqArf
rdlOfj 31_01_1949 ,mrfjcOfjwdkuf;,dkwf;vBj
OAif;wMjukifjzmufbedkifj? vBjxkufbodkuf;xdlefb
c.rf@rdOf@edwfhrmefj [uf;viftvjvBjxB.x.ef/
12_08_1959 aoM;VMUnl;usD; vBjxkufbodkuf;
rmefjwdvBjefg;ymifwdkuf; ,.efhrmwfbqAyf;tvj
vBjxkufbvkufje.ifhtebOdef;cMjwBm/ ,mif;zdlufb
wif;vBm acM;clrfr.ifqfgruf;refj yAefOef;
zlj[wf;imefawMbxdkifOef;rdlOfjeBh/ acMjugmrf;
aoM;VMUnl;usD; nefwdkufhqfgU,lb awMbxdkif
Oef;rdlOfjvAOfeBhtwh ],mif;zdlufbwdkef;xkufbvBj
z.if;irf;Omefjrldif;wlOfuOfb? wdkef;nrfbvBj
wlufbcdlOf;,.rf;umefhOmif;cdlifju.ifjumifb ckyfhcOfb
cOfjql;zljcAef}-eB,Ofh/ q
v.ifjydkefzmOfbaw[Awf;ymifvdlufjwifj
urf;rfgb rdlOfj 09_02_08 eBh rD;rM; OBm;qkrf;
odkuf;rmefjqfgUvBm;[kuf;[Bmh[mOfj[Fif;ugmwfbzAOfj
ulef;rdlif;eyfhoFef qdlOf;[[email protected]'@
oD@ vBj 4 vdlefyBm (rdlOfjvdlefoFyf@xFrf@ydlOf@
2007) ,.efhxlyf; v.ifjuyfhudef;vdlwfbrBj
q.rf;uMjceferfhref;cdkefj[Fif;/
yMbwDb NLD nefn.ifbomef;okusDb
n.ef=Ofayhymifvldufjwifj rdlOfjyD 1990 ? ulpf;
uMjqkrf;odkuf;rmefj nrfb,.rf;r.yfjnMbeMbyef
ulef;rdlif;ulpf;nrfbuM; n.ifbomef;okusDb vBj
xkufbukrf;cifudkuf;=def;rM; awMbxdkif,mrf;vAOf
[dkif 10 yDyBm/ ymifvdlufjwifj yD 1990 rD;rM;
OBm;aoudlwfbv.ifjoFef,kifjefg;rdlif;rmefjywf;
ydkefh nefvkufj[Aef;_oifc_ulef;rdlif; vkufh[dkefb
teumifqfgwkuf;,.ef; [email protected]'@oD@_cgrfj
cwf;qkrf;odkuf;rmefj efg;yD 1988 ,.efh
yef[Mumefrdlif; ndufbyBm;rmufjrD;wluf;wFrfb?
y.ufjeefh qkrf;odkuf;rmefjqfgUvBm;[kuf;[BmU
[mOfj[Fif;ugmwfbzAOfjcMj[Frftwhtwh-rD;ulef;
xkufbcMj[FrfwBmwDjanbokwf; nrfb,.rf;
3b000 auMU/ q
odkuf;rmefjqfgUvBm;[kuf;[BmU[mOfj[Fif;ugmwfbzAOfjulef;rdlif;eyfhoFef rdlOfjvdlefoFyf@xFrf@ydlOf@ 2007
10 Vol. 25, No. 242, 2008
L
wifjtwbqOfjZMU wif;zljerf;qmOf;
cdlOf; tvj q.rfodkuf; n.ifbomef; =rfjvlif;
vBm;rdkOf;vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif rdlOfj 1947 c.yfj
+yfjrdlOfj 12_02_08 wArf 61 yD? qkrf;qmOf;
cdlOf; 12 qkrf;efg;rdlif; =rfjuefwFrfjvdufjolifb
xdkifymify.B;Oef;rdlif;=rfjwkrfnef NLD qwf;
[Awf;wDjiOfjikef; oAefjwmif;olpfbulifbwBmb
OAif;wMjukifjOMj- nrfbqfgjOef;rdlif;=rfjwkrf
neftwh yAefrdlif;=rfjwkrf[mifhuFuf;zmif;ulpf;
-OMjeB/
Oef;xd 12_02_08 iOfjikef;[email protected]
ca'@oD@qdlOfhqmwfjrmefj NLD yAefuOfhuef;
ao =rfjuefqwf;[Awf;ymify.B; Oef;rdlif;=rfj
wkrfc.yfj+yfj 61 yD wDj+ifjvkrf; NLD edlOf
oAefjwmif;olpfbulifbwBmb aq@OAif;y[mef;
OAif;vlifwMjukifj/ ulef;cOfj=rfjr.ufj 700 /
qkrf;qmOf;cdlOf; 12 qkrf;- wB;? r.ef;? 'cFifb?
csmif;? ,mif;vFif? u,mif;? cmif (qlOf@rD@)-
=rfjuefwFrfjvdufj,dkefjql; wMbvlnmefbefg;
ymify.B;/ efg;vdufjeefh wFrfjOBhOMj-]wifjtwb
1947 rM;awMb,mrf;vAOf Oef;rdlif;=rfjwkrf
rD;rM; 61 yDaowMU nefqmOf;cdlOf;rkifjr.if;?
cfgjvBjcfgjyAef nrfb[eferfh[efwlOfoifrM;/
wDjtwhref; =rfjwkrfneftwh nefrD;okefb
vBjzAifbyAif; wdkef;yBbrD;rM;? u.yfjeeftvj
v.ifj=rfjwkrfnefOMjeefhauMj yAefnefuFuf;
zmif;ulpf;}-OMjeB/
efg;vdufjudefuFefb ymifvlifeefh rD;acMj
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rmefjawrD;okefbvBjzAifbyAif;uef? qmOf;cdlOf;
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awrD;okefbvBjzAifbyAif;uef OMjeBaowMU
nrfbw.efhvBjrM;_rD;rM;aoy.ufj OMjeB/
uAOfbuyf;Oef;rdlif;=rfjwkrfao zljerf;
umefrdlif;rdlif;wB; vkif;olpfbnlif; r.ufbvmwfj
OMj - ]rdlif;=rfjwkrf[dkifrM; 61 yDaowMU
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wkrfuFuf;zmif;ulpf;/ OBm;vBju.ef;acM 1948
,Ofh Omefjrdlif;wluf;,lbwfgj ulef;cdlOf;rmefjyAef
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tr;ydlifOmefjrldif; rdlOfj 1961/ aebOdef;orfh
n.efwyfhodkuf;rmefj,dkwf;nMbeMb nOfvdufj
=rfjrBmymifvlifeAyf;q.ufhyFwfj/ xkdifrM; 1974
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7 aq@rdlif; vlwf;,.efbyAif;qefhwdlif;rdlif;
qkrf;qmOf;cdlOf; 12 qkrf; wFrfjvdufjxdkif NLD
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rmefj 7 wdlif;/ okefbvBjzAifbyAif;nefOMj
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yBmydkefzmOfbOMj efg;vdlefar@ awrM;eBh aw
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Shan Herald Agency for News 11
INDEPENDENCE
Oef;xd 5 vdlefZFyfhVdOf@'D@ 2008
Oef;qdlOfhqmwfjcmifvkufhzdkefh c.yfj+yfj47 yD?
wyfhodkuf;v.wfjvFOf;rdlif;cmif KIO/KIA n.ef
=Ofqwf;[Awf;ymify.B; iOfjikef;vBmbqMb/
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wyfhodkuf;[email protected]'@oD@rgfb(cmif)NDA-K
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qdlOf;eBh n.efuefckdefj+wfjcOfj=rfj} OMjeB/
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umefrldif;tujvdwfjnrfbvBjtvj vBjrFufbu.ifj
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vkufj[Aef;qefhq.rfcmif 7 auMU auMbwifj
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12 Vol. 25, No. 242, 2008
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Oef;xd 8-9_02_2008 Oef;zljerf;
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Shan Herald Agency for News 13
INDEPENDENCE
wifjtwb=Ofvd lef usef@edOf@'D@
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wuMbowfhxMbwB; efg;xkifhOAif;[Fif [email protected]
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14 Vol. 25, No. 242, 2008
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INDEPENDENCE
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16 Vol. 25, No. 242, 2008
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Shan Herald Agency for News 19
INDEPENDENCE
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All good performancestarts with clear goals.
Ken Blanchard, The Heart of a Leader
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20 Vol. 25, No. 242, 2008
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