Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
korn kaw 31
Citation preview
rBm ��� vldefuOfj yDwB; ���� �� ��� � ���� ������ ����
L������������
6 12 23 34
vlifyGifqkdifjuljcFifb
vDwFifbwifjnrfbvDwifj|6| vGuf;wGefjrldif;tcb efg;umefrdlif;rldif;wB;
|10| 50 yD Oef;vkufhzdkefh (wGefj 4)
|12| Oef;udlwfbyMbwDbrfgbokifqdkifjwB; 41 yD
|17| qldif;[ufhcM@euD@ (Carnegie)
|25| ArmhtcsKyftjcmudk xkdif;usL;ausmfonf[k wkdif;rSL;qkd|27| awmfvSefa&;qdkwm wpfOD;csif;pDu pwif|33| rGefto#ifocif|38| usm;a-umufvkd‹ ±Sif}uD;cdk;/ ±Sif}uD;u usm;udkjyef±dScdk;
qkrf;rFufbu.ifj qdlOf;,lbq.rf;vFefvdef
tvj wB;qdlOf;+wfjrdlif;xB; qwf;[Fef;ymify.B;
Oef;trj a,M;rkef qOfjemif;a[Mcrf;xB;
nM,kc.yfjwArf 76 yD/
Oef;xd 12_08_08 Oef;udlwfbqOfj
emif;a[Mcrf;xB; (nrfbeef) Oef;trj qdlOfh
qmwfjqdkifjxB;eBh wyfhodkuf;qdkifjwB; SSA
iOfjikef;v.BwB;vFif;? wyfhodkuf;qdlOfhqmwfjOMU
WNA ? auMvdufjvBm; tvj ZdifjtijuAif;rBb?
qwf;[Fef;y.B;Oef;trj
a,M;rkefqOfjemif;a[Mcrf;xB; nM,kwArf 76
ndufbyDje.ifhwB;qdlOf;+wfjrdlif;xB; vBmaq@OAif;
qwf;ymifwmef;cOfjerfhoifcqOfj? [Awf;
eM;rkef,kdefjtzbukolOfb ,dlif;ql;qOfjemif;
a[Mcrf;xB;/
=OfyOfjwyfhodkuf;qdlOfhqmwfjOMU WNA
qOfjodkuf;wMUwdkuf;rldif; umOfb,.ef;y.ef;yef
qOfjemif;a[Mcrf;xB;OMj - ][Of;cMjrlbqkrf;
(WNO/WNA) wif;oAifj [lrfjwif; SSA
vBjrM;,kufh,.ifjw.yfbukef;rkefiOf; qOfjemif;
a[Mcrf;[Of;cMj z.if;nM,kc.yfjclyfb 76 yD
tvj nOfeBhugMbOef;wMrldOf;eMj ,.ef;{jqOfj
emif;a[Mcrf;nM,k,dkef;,mOf;-[Awf;oif
auMjawMbauMboifauMjiBmj yAefzlpf;=rfj
rkif;okrfbyef ulef;Omefjulef;rldif; {jvBj,lb
uwf;,AefokdyfbugMbcmOf;[kdifaourf;wDjcMj} /
Oef;trj qdlOfhqmwfjqdkifjxB;eBh nOf
Oef;udlwfbqOfjemif;a[Mcrf;xB; twbruf;refj
rM;rdlOfj 12_08_1976 / ¾
Ph
oto
: w
eb
site
Shan Herald Agency for News 3
INDEPENDENCE
vlifyGifqkdifjuljcFifb vDwFifbwifjnrfbvDwifj
pWc]:kCam];nL: 1
c9j0G,yxudwK,kr -K;yj'K;yr]:'yh 06,yr
awKjlKoy-9yrl6bdyr,Koyhd,yhz:'yh Z0b5;yr,ur
0:,yr]Coy]boyc]h,5b'yro:dyhX -9yr0y.-6b'yx:'y
x5b;yh9kjgdkj9'yh]5'yx:'y06b'yh d5h-C'yjvoy,y.j
mC'yh?
oy.r06b'yh,5b'yrs^,yh96,ysK'yt voys;yrxb6'yh
l;yrdboym'yp5jowt ,ur]5'yx:'y06b'yyhd5h-C'yj]wK
06,yr/ o:dyhgl]5'yx:'y06b'yh9wr Z06,yr0;yh
l5b;y-KoyjakTX voygdkj9'yh,kr,5b;yh #*T$T
#QQ* ?
q ]5'yx:'y06b'yhpK'yrz5bdyj Z,5b;yh]G;yv,yj
s<'yt06b;yh,oyrp;ytd5Pyrl6bxyj;wt-Kxyh,oyrX
-:9yjz:9yhx5dyr9'yh,kr0G,y,5b;yh @%2@2
@+%+ ?
d5h-C'yj E gdkTvoyc-T-C'yjdoy9'yrs;yr? xGoymw:hd.K,yrmwr2]K;yr voyv;y,kr0y.T96b;yr?
]5'yx:'y06b'yhd5h-C'yj E ]5'yx:'y06b'yh voygdkj9'yh,kr x5b;yh9kjc-T-C'yj9'yr ]5'yx:'y06b'yh voy,urp5j Z0boyjx\C'yjv05;yrpkTX?
q ]5'yx:'y06b'yhpK'yr]C'y
-:9yjz:9yhx5dyr9'yh,5b;yh +2_2@+%_?
q ]5'yx:'y06b'yh 06,yrgxtdKoy]5bdyh9'yh
@++Q (NCGUB) voy Dr. Sein
Win Zf:dyH95b;yHlG'yj;boyrX v:oys;y?
,5b;yh]G;y ;wKr]5'yx:'y06b'yhl6bdyr,Koyhx6boy
zK;yj g909yrsCoyr dKoy]5bdyh9'yhoy.rxu
#Q@Q owooyt ]wKawKjgdkhsoy;kh gxkrv,yj
s,yhdoy-6b'yx:'y06b'y 06,yrl6bdyr,Koyhvoyd5oyr
,5b'yrx9yrx6boyt,5b;yj0'yrvb,yj0Koyhp5jooyt
g9pGoyrxGoy]5'yx:'y06b'yhm6dyj,Coyh0:,yr,wK,uh
xGoy9uh9'yr]6,yhakTp:,yrsxytp;yt? 0'yj;kh
]u]whs^,yh,6b;yrdoy-6b'yx:'yglx5b'yx5b'y? oy.rdkh
dKoyvoy]us,yh,6b;yrdoy-6b'yx:'y05b;yrooyt xkr
,kr]:'yh9kjgdkj9'yh]5'yx:'y06b'yhd5h-C'yj,y.j?
]5'yx:'y06b'yhd5h-C'yj voyd;yjooyt gdkj
9'yh;wt]5Pyhz5h9Coyr05b;yr]whsxyt]5bdyh9'yh,kr
,5b;yh @++Q d5Pyr/ v,yjxkrzy.mC'yh? p:oytooy
v,yj,urokh]boy0K'yh95'yto6b'yz:'yr',yr]wh
oy.r,5b'yr? 0'yj;kh-;ygdkh-y.h96b9ytxkr06,yrpbxyr
d:'yhdK'yjc]h 05b;yr,ur9K'yrs^T -;yhxkr0:,yr
mC'yh?
]:'yhowt d,yhz:'yhgdkhsoy]u]5Pyh0:,yr?
d,yhz:'yhgdkhv,yjsoy]u]5Pyh?
d:xyhooy s;yr]um9yrlK'y0:,yr;kh
p:oytl'y]u9'yh/ 9'yh9kj]whz:oyr]ul'y?
x5b'y]5'y,oyr 0:'yj,5b'yrpy.j,5b'yr]5'y-;y g9sxyt
s<'yr,dyr,oyh?
f:dyH95b;yHlG'yj;boyr Dr. Sein Win
06,yrz5h9w:js<dyh]whs^xytm5xyr9:'yhmK,y
odyTdKoym69yt Zz:'yr9K'yX vbdyj9'yr 0;yh
xwKrs^Td,yhz:'yhgl -y.hg9kT9wj-whco sy>hz5h
vKoyjs;yr ;5oyt-:xyh]u]u;kh m6dyj]wh]5bdyh
lGoyh9K'yrvoy]y.?
sxytm5xyrodyTdKoym69yt
vg,HibdoyH Z@)T)T#QQ_X
mK,y ,5b;yh]G;y06,yrlKoy-9yrd,yhz:'yh -9yr
0y.x5b;yh9kj9'yh]5'yx:'y06b'yhp5j? d:xyh
ooy -y.hmK,y0;yh;kh @_ xu,krowt p:oytl'y
v,yj'boyr;kh ,5b'yrvg,HibdoyH0;yh-;y sxyt
s<'yr,dyr,oyh ]5'yx:'y06b'yhf:dyH95b;yHlG'yj
;boyr (NCGUB) -;y?
Jp:oytl'y]u9'yh 9'yh9kj]whz:oyr]ul'y
x5b'y]5'y,oyr 0:'yj,5b'yrpy.j,5b'yr]5'y-;yg9sxyts<'yr,dyr,oyh"
Ph
oto
: S
HA
N
4 Vol. 25, No. 247, 2008
L9:xyj NCGUB owt xGdyTl,yt;kh gdkj9'yh;wt
]5Pyhz5h9Coyr 05b;yr]whsxyt]5bdyh,5b;yh
@++Q gl9kT s;yr-khp'yrsoy;kh xGoy]5'y
x:'y06b'yh voys<'yt95;yd;yjs'yrd5Pyr (self-
proclaimed government) ? gxkrs;yrsxyt06b'y
s;yrgdkhv,yjp5j]whoy.r,5b'yr,Koyhp;yt? ,5b;yh
]G;ys;yrp5j;wtoy.r,5b'yr,Koyhowt o,yo,ygvj
gvj p'yrxGoyz:oyr]ug9kj]:'yh95'yto6b'yx5b;yh
9kj 9uH,:dyH-giHluH ? gxkr,kr9Cdyh95Pyr
06b'y ,dyr,oyhsxyts<'yr NCGUB owt p'yrg9
d5b9yjz:oyr0kTo,y]5b;yz:oyr]u? Z,oyr0;yh
]K9yho,y]5b;yowt/ d5Pyrdkh]wh99yr;wtd,yh
z:'yhX?
9K'yrsoy0;yhsKoy p:'ysPyh
v,yj,ur,5b'yr]y.g9sxyts<'yr ]5'yx:'y06b'yh
voyv,yj,urokh]boy v,yj,ur9xytl6bdyr v,yj
,urd5oyr,5b'yr? NCGUB owt ]whsxyt9K'yr0w:h
mC,y9uh,5b'yrgokH;5PyH (Norway) 9'yro,y?
d5Pyrdkh p'yrv,yj]wh9'yrsxyts<'yr9uh]5'yx:'y
06b'yhgokH;5PyH;kh xGoy]5'yx:'y06b'yh?
xkr NCGUB gl c,r9'yh]5'yx:'y
06b'yh,y.jmC'yhowgdkh gxkrv;ydKoy,5b'yr;kh06b'y
,urgzro,y? ,oyrg9,5boy9'yrx6boytxw:jxC9yh
v,yjooy ;wT,;y,K'y z:oyrdKoy]5bdyh9'yh,5b;yh
@++Q ? gxkrsxyts<'yr]5'yx:'y06b'yhowtgdkh ,5boy
9'yrx6boytxw:jxC9yhxkj9uj NLD c]h oK'yrv:'yj
lKoyrl6d\uj-;y? sTg9d.kj,Coyh]:dyr06,yrl6bdyr
,Koyh SPDC ? d:xyh-;ygdkh 96boyrv,yjp:,yr
sxyt z:oyrdKoy]5bdyh9'yhxu @++Q ,kr0G,y]y.?
sxytm5xyrodyTdKoym69yt
vb'yrd]G9yh Z#)T)T#QQ_X
mK,y dG;yj]5PyhdKoy9'yh ]5'yx:'y06b'yh9wr
ooyt ]whs^T;kh ,5b;yh @%T@T#QQ* awKj
z5h9Coyr9wr ]whs^xtym5xyrs<'yhdKoyz:'yr]5'y
awKjo:dyh,5b'yr vb'yrd]G9yhgl 9:'yhmK,yooyt
]whsxytawr-G;y9uhvb'yrd]G9yhow 0:'yj0y.hM?
9:xyj ]:'yhowtsoy;kh g9xGoy]:'yh -;yh0y.
zb9yr;wT? ,5b;yhooyt9K'yrawKjz5h9Coyr
9wr ]wh9K'yjcovGoyrvKoyrg99'yh]5'y
x:'y06b'yhc]h gdkj9'yh06b'yh,5b'yrs,yh96,y )
g0H,5b'yr voyv,yjxkr,Koyh?
]5'yx:'y06b'yhvb'yrd]G9yh 06dyr,oyh;wt
o5b;ygxkj]lujvoy;kh g9]wh,ur]:'yhv6xyj
v5;yr96b9yT9wKrskdoylK,yawKj (Tripartite
Dialogue) voyxkr06,yr NLD, 06,yr0K;yr
-5b;yr c]h06,yrl6bdyr,Koyh? o:dyhooytgdkh
p6boypoy (confirm) ,kr9kjglj;kh g9d,yt
,oyh;wtokh]boy (territorial integrity) 06b'yh
,5b'yrs,yh96,y,Koyh pkjsy>h]6]C;y?
g-kh,wK9:'yr
v:oy9K'yrgdkh,urgdkTo6b'yh pK,yh]K9yh
;kh s;yrowtp:,yrsxyt;wT oK'yrv:'yjlKoyrl6d\uj
c]h 9dyrv;yv:'yjlKoyrl6d\uj;kh owp5j?
sxytm5xyr0;yhxwKr,wK,uh
Dr David Williams Z@)T(T#QQ_X
d:oyrg-kowooyt ,oyrdG;yj-:'yhvkjokj
0bdyr0:,y (External sovereignty) voy
d5h,5b'yr,5b'yrp:,yrsxyt?
,5b'yr9wrowt v;yx6boyr;kh/ v;yxK'y]5'y;kh/
v;yx5b'y';yhx6b'yr,5b'yr @+%) ;kh/ 96boyr,url6oyj
]whd:oyrg-k? x:'yxGoy]wh9kj]G'yT]595;yd;yj
s'yrd5Pyr? ,Kdyh,ur]uxGoy]5b;y,5b'yr ]wKH[uHiuH
p5b;yH (Liberia) ?
d5Pyrdkh ,5b'yr9wr,urxoysk]5'y;kh p5joy.r
cdh,5b'yrc-j 9'yr ,5b'yrd]krvboyHfuHp5b;yH
(India) voyxGoy,5b'yrpy.j,5b'yr]5'yl69yr oy.r
gvHl\b3;yH? p5joy.rokh]boyxkh9y.hgvkr0kj
-;y? d:xyh0,yc-jl69yrc]h p5joy.rokh]boy
9y.hgvkr0kjc-j o,y]5b;yx5boyh?
p:oytooyc]h ,5b'yrsb,yrs<,yr05b;yrowt
xGdyTl,yt;kh-y.hd,ytmC,ysxyts<'yr,5b'yr9wrd:oyrg-k
gdkh dkh]wh95Pyrokhc-j/ g9lK;yr95Pyr
dK'y0y.c-jd:oyj?
c-jgdkh gxkr;khg9,urz:oyr]u,oyr
0'yjd,yt? d5Pyrdkh d;y-khp'yrxwjsoy]:'yh
9K'yr9kjc-jg9p:,yrsxyt,5b'yr9wrd:oyrg-k
9uh]y.? gxkrc-jv,yjsxyt06b'y 9kj ASEAN
Z,6dyT06,yr 06b'yh,5b'yrgvHlb\3;yH 0G'yj0Koyr
;oyrv:dyj voy,KoyhxGoy]6dyh06,yr,5b'yro6b'yhX
g9sxyts<'yrooyt 96boyrs^TpKxyj?
c-jgdkh
gxkr;kh
g9,urz:oyr]u
,oyr0'yjd,yt/
d5Pyrdkh
d;y-khp'yrxwjsoy
]:'yh9K'yr9kj
c-jg9p:,yrsxyt
,5b'yr9wrd:oyrg-k
9uh]y./
gxkrc-j
v,yjsxyt06b'y
9kj
ASEAN
g9sxyts<'yrooyt
96boyrs^TpKxyj
}
~
Shan Herald Agency for News 5
INDEPENDENCE
g90y.py.j UN c]h l6oyj]wh9Cxyr
99yr95;yd;yj (Right of Self-Determina-
tion) gdkhpKxyj/ ,5b'yr]5'yx:9yr95dyr ,5boyo'yj
vg,HibdoyHc]h 06b'yh,5b'yrs,yh96,yp5H¤:xyT
(Europe) gdkh 06dyrl;yr;wto5b;yx5b'yvoy;kh
,5b'yr,Koyhpkjsy>h9CdyjpwKh?
d;y-khsoyc9t ,5b'yr9wrowt xGoy,5b'yr]GdyT
d5Pyr l,ytv,yj,urxK'yj]wKjc]h ]whd:oyrg-k
,krgdkh g9v,yj]:9yh]C;yrl'y/ g9]wh
m6dyjx5boyhd,ydboyr]5]wK? 9kTs;yrs^,yhdoy
9'yrd5hg0H,5b'yr Zxkr9'yr,KoyhX 96bdyrv;y
]:9yh]C;yrd:oyrg-ks^,yhdoygl gdkj9'yh
06b'yh,5b'yrs^,yh96,y,y.j?
gxkrooy ,5b'yr9wrowt 0K'yh,Kdyh,urc]h
vGoysC'yrpy.j ,urvkjokj]5b;yx5boyhoy.r06b'yh,5b'yr
s^,yh96,y/ g9-6bdyT]5b;yglv;yd:oyrg-ks'yr
d5Pyr]wKx6oyh? gxkrg,k-6b'yx:'y06b'y oy.r06b'yh
,5b'yrs^,yh96,y zy.-y.hsG9yrl'ygdkh 0K'yh]wh
9:'yhmK,y,5b'yr9wrd:oyj? (It may even dic-
tate what the rest of Burma does)
g-kh,wK9:'yr
v:'yjlKoyrl6d\ujgdkhpK,yh;kh d5hg0H
,5b'yr xkr0G,y,Koyh sy>h]whs,yhdoyg9kjl5hv;y
]:9yh]C;yrd:oyrg-kd,yr9uhl:'y?
05;yhxwjl69yrp:9yhdw:xwKx:'yhd.K,yrs^;yowt
-y.hg9kT9wj-whcomC'yh g-khd.K,yrvoy]K9yh
oy.rxxyt]bdyhz6boyo6b'yh? oy.rooyt]K9yh]:'yh
l6oyj]whgdkj9'yh,5b'yrs'yrg-k oy.rx:9yr;oyr
v:dyjdK'y (Middle East) ? gdkTo6b'yh;kh ,oyr
xGoyl6oyj]whvoy06b;yh0y.h m6dyj,Coyh0:,yr
m,yr? z5hpy.jd5oyr]5'yoy.rxxtyooytgdkh 9:xyj
cdh;khS
J,5b'yrvoyv;y]:'yh06b;yh0y.hc]h ]:'yh
m6dyj,Coyh9K'yrm,yrz:'yr',yrowt xGoy,5b'yr-5'yr
o5b;yd5Pyr? ,5b'yr-5'yrdK'ys;yrowtc9t x5boyhv;y
o,yt,oyrglz:'yr',yr? gdkTvoy,ur o,yt,oyr
l,ytxGoy0;yhakTvkHixyt-;y? s;yrgdkhdkhg9
]whv;y-;y;kh?"
gdkT]K9yhv:oy9K'yrooyt0'yj;khS
Jgxkrooy ,5b'yr-5'yrdK'ys;yrowt x5boyhv;yz:oyr
]uo,yt9:oyr (interests) z:'yr',yrd5Pyr? x5boyh
v,yjv;y]:'yh06b;yh0y.hc]h ]:'yhm6dyj,Coyh
9K'yrm,yr]5'y?"
x:'yhd.K,yrowt g90K'yhsG9yrsy>h d5oyrd,yh
z:'yhsC'yr0y.95dyrgdkhxGoy]wh? d5Pyrdkhz5h
9C,yh;kh vGoyrvKoyrpy.jl6'y-:'y9wrd5hgdkTowt
gxkrg,k]Goyh0:,yr';yr]wKr06b'y -dyTo6b'yhp;yt
-dyTl:'y ,oyrg9m6b'y9uhp:9yhs<9yh9uhxwK
]whp5j? pK,yr]G;yc9t ]uv:oydoy,kr'5xyt'b
doy;kh ';yr]wKr,oyrxGoyo'yjow? ]uxkrdoy
sG9yrm6b'y-dyT]y.v:oy9K'yrd:oyj? o:dyhooyt
gdkh ]usG9yr;wTxwKr96bdyr05b;yt0K9yh (National
Strategy) -K;yrx:9yr-K;yrpK;yr? q
Z@X 06b'yh9wrowt xGoy,5b'yrs'yrg-k,kr0G,y]y.?
Z#X ,5b;yhxKoyvb'yrd]G9yhgdkh ,5b'yr9wrxGoy
,5b'yr9y.hs^,yj]5,yhs'yrg-kgl z:'yr',yr
,kr? '6boyrs;yr s;yrsks'yrd5Pyr0y.T0wKjs'yrd5Pyr/
m6dyj]whxoyzy.05b;yts6b;yxoy/ m6dyj]whv;y9uh
zy.05b;yts6b;yv;ygl 0y.T0wKjvoy]5b;ys'yrs;yr?
v,yj]whxCoy,6b;yrp:oyrzy.?
Z$X o'yjs6b;yg90G;yr]whd:oyrg-kooyt d5oyr
]5'ys;yr]whs^,yh,6b;yr -K'y -\K'yr ,Koyh
c]h 9K'yj0K;yr-5b;yr,kr 0:,yr]5Pyhg-kh]wh0.y
xK'y]5'y vbdyjx5b'y';yhx6b'yr,5b'yr @+%) ?
Z%X xK'y]5'yc]h x5b'y';yhx6b'yr,5b'yr @+%) owt
sxyts<'yr,dyr,oyh;wt l6oyj]wh,5b'yr9wr?
u l6oyj]whz:'yr',yrs'yrg-k
u l6oyj]whd5oyr
u l6oyj]whfuH,:dyH-giHluH
u l6oyj]wh09yrdKoy]:'yh'6boyr9:'yr
s'yrg-k
u l6oyj]whgdkj9'yh,5b'yrs'yrg-k
Z*X vb'yo5b;yz5ho,yr,Koyhd5hxKoyxKoy x5oyt
xCoyg-kh]wh0y.xK'y]5'y vbdyjx5b'yx6b'yr ,5b'yr
s^,yh96,y @+%) ,krc]h 9'yhc9j @+*_
]whg9kjl5hx6oyh9kjd:xyjd5h-6boyr l6oyj]wh
95;yd;yj voym6dyj,Coyh,wK,uh?
Z(X d5Pyrdkhm9yrlK'y95Pyr-K;yr9K'yr *Q
xu,kr ]whsoy;kh pkj;khg9d:xyjd5h]wh
-6boyrl6oyj]wh voym6dyj,Coyh0:,yr,wK,uh/ ]wh
soy;kh d5oyr,5b'yrs;yr95dyr9C,yj-Koy0y.pKxyj
dboyr,kr9bdyr9bdyr?
Z)X ]:'yh9K'yrvoyxGoy,kr05b;yrowt ]whsoy
;kh d5h,5b'yr,5b'yroy.r]6,yhakT Zxkr0G,y
,5b'yrxuho:'ytp5jsb,yrdboy0,yX v,yj-y.hsy>h06b'yh,5b'yr
s^,yh96,ysK'yt]6]C;y9CdyjpwKhd.kjooyt xGoy
95oyhg9k (reason) py.j]5'y?
Z_X vb'yo5b;yoxytm6b;ydK'y0y.06b'yh,5b'yr oy.r
]6,yhakT9'yr]wKc]h 06b'yh9wrg9p5j
oy.r-:xyj;5'yr06b'yh,5b'yrs,yh96,ygl g9kjl5hd:xyj
d5hl6oyj]whd5oyr,5b'yr9wrd.kj?
Z+X g9s^,yh,6b;yrdoy9'yrd5hg0H,5b'yr d5h
0K;yr-5b;yr xkr0G,yd5oyr,5b'yr,Koyh o'yj
s6b;y06b'yh,5b'yrs,yh96,ysK'yt l,tygxkrxGoy,kr-6boyr
06b'yh,5b'yrs^,yh96,y0C9yh0K'yj voy-6boyhpy.j
d9yrpGoy]:9yh]C;yr s^,yhdoyd.kjooyt g9
ly.j0y.-9yr0y.d.kjd5h]wKr]wKr?
Z@QX vb'yo5b;yg9-9yr0y.d.kjd5h]wKr]wKrooty
,5b;yh]y.c]hd5oyr,5b'yroy.r06b'yh,5b'yrs^,yh
96,ysK'ytowt ,59yrlG'yh9K'yrcdh]b9yhd.kjp;yt
06b'y g9v6xyjv5;yr96b9yt9wKrskdoygl gdkj
9'yh,5b'yrs'yrg-k,5boyo'yj d5oyr,5b'yr9wr9'yr
]wK ,6'yh,:'yr-y.h]wh-y.hxGoy?
q q q
]:dyr06dyr,y.jvoyv6xyjdoy;wt ,5b;yhxK'yd6,yz5ho,yr9wr
]5boyg,H #QQ) x6oyh9kj-wh0y.
6 Vol. 25, No. 247, 2008
L
lK,yxuho:'yt9wrc]hl'y/ 0;yhl5b;y-KoyjakTc]hl'y/
]wh0y.T96b;yrdKoyl6bdyrdKoyz:'yr9K'yd6bdyrdxyrs^,yhdoy
m6b'yp:9yhs<9yhxwKd.kjo'yjdoy
,5b'yrc-j xGoy,5b'yrpy.j]5b;yx5boyhoy.rd6oy
]5'ygvHl\b3;yH? 06b'yh,5b'yr0G'yj0Koyr;oyr
v:dyj @Q ,5b'yr xkr0G,y,Koyh/ mwr/ vboyHf5;yH
ouHl\b3;yH/ ab]bxytxboyH s,yhdoy9'yrlG'yh
p'yrv,yjpy.jxG'yr,oyr? 05b;yrxGoy,5b'yrd6oyoy.r
xK'yj]wKj ,5boyvboyHf5;yHouHlb\3;yH-;yc9t
p'yr-Coyr/ p:oyt;khzCoyj]boy,oyrv,yj9b9yr
0xyrdoy? x6oyh9kj,5b'yr05b;yrvoyzCoyj]boy
0xyrdoyooytc9t -;yg9sG9yrl'ygdkhp;yt
9dyr]wh,ur]:'yh,oyh0y.;kh 9'yr,5b'yrc-j 9'yr
s;yr0,y0y.doy ;wT;K'yr0y.g9kjdoyooytp;yt?
mwr
oy.r-5b;yr9wrs;yrowt 0;yhxwKrx6boyr DGE
Hall pK,yh9C,yh;wt;kh JgxkrdG;yj]:'yhdKoy
m69yt ZdKoyz:'yr9K'yX 06b'y v,yj,urzy.-K,yh
x5oytmwr]wh? (As diplomatists, the T'ais
have been unsurpassed) ? gxkrp;tygdkh
co95;ypK'yj;kh 9'yhc9jxKoy,:'yHd5;yH]y
l69yrlG'yhd.kjgl -5b;yr-6oylw:TakT,b'y (Ming
Dynasty) -6boyh,krp;ytgdkh -6oymwr-;y dwT
l5'yjz:'yr9K'yd.kj9uh oKoyd\b'yr voyxGoy';yh
06b'yhc-j oy.rxKoyooytgl z6dyja'y;wt]:'yh
0,y0y.doy?
xuho:'yt9wrlK,y0;yh
oy.r9wr]5'yowt voyx5boyhvK,yr-6b9yrxG'yr
xuho:'ytmwrc9t ,urxuho:'yt9wrlK,y0;yh voy
pK,yhsG9yr-6oy,5b'yr,Koyhx:9yro5b;y 9'yhc9j
@#_) ,krooytd5Pyr?
lK,yxuho:'ty Z0;yhvwKhlC'y-wj 0;yhpuh
lC'yd,yj 9'yr 0;yhlK,ylC'yly.X voy,Koyh
s<'yt;kh tocF,m˜ &mZo}uF ˜ oD[olooyt 0:,yro'yj-;yd6,yrd,y;wt okh]boy awKsboy
ZdqdyTcljX voyv:dyj-;yho,yt]5b'yj/ ,urgvkr
0kjo5b;yd5oyr,5b'yr,Koyh,kr 9'yhc9j0;yhgsk
-,yr,Koyh oilusxg9t o:oyrczroy.rxu
@#_)? m6b'y,kr @#+_ gdkh -;y0;yh0'yj
p6b9yrv;y ,5b'yrx5rd,yj?
awKj0;yhgsk-,yr,Koyh 0'yjp:oyr9K'yr
0w:hmC,y9uhc-jc]h xu @$QQ 0;yhgsklC'y
,:'yHd5;yH]y voyz:'yr',yr,5b'yrc-jz:'yrooyt
0'yjl5'yjl6bdyr,kr96bdyr-6oy9wr? 9'yhc9j
#*T@T@$Q@S#_T#T@$Q@ xGoyxK'y96bdyr]5'y
9uh;G'yr,\boyj0wKr (Myinzaing) gl 9xytc-j
v,yjgxt]who5b;y9xyt9wrS,Koyh ? lK,yxuho:'yt
gdkh oxytl:oyj;kh s;yrowtgxtc-j]wh oy.r-K;yr
x:9yrd5Pyr/ -K;yrpK;yrc9t g9pKxyjowgl
]whl5'yjz:'yr9K'yxkr-5;yr'6boyr-5;yr-,yrd.kj9uh
z5hd:oyrl6bdyrc-j sy>hmw:xoy? gxkrc-j,:'yH
d5;yH]ym:oy9xytd.kjp;ytgdkh ]whl5'yjz:'yr
9K'y xkr-5;yr'6boyr-5;yr-,yrd.kjm6b'y;G'yrx5bPyd\b'yr?
d,yr]6boyrS9'yrc-jgdkh ]whsxyts<'yrgdkTo:'yt
l69yrxwK 0;yhlK,ylC'yly. xGoy0;yhgsk-,yr
,5b'yr,Koyh (King of Mien) ?
0;yhl5b;y-KoyjakT Z@$@@S(%X
,5b;yh0;yhl5b;y-KoyjakT xGoy0;yh0:,y
,krooyt ,Coyhz:'yr,5b'yrc-j96bdyTv:oyjcvr?
p:oty;kh ,:'yHd5;yH]y,krxGoy0;yhxGoy0:,yc]h
d5oyr,5b'yrc-jgdkh96bdyTlKoy-9yr96bdyrg9kr
,:'yHd5;yH]yp5jl6b;yhzy.l6b;yh,oyr? g0H,5b'yr
zy. g0H,5b'yr,oyr zy.gdkhv,yjpbxyrv,yjd6,yr
v,yjv:oys^;yzy.]wh? ,5boy9wrs;yrpK,yr]G;y?
0;yhl5b;y-KoyjakT 9'yr o:'yt0;yhlK,y
]5'yakT 0'yj]wh09yrsCoyrxGoy'krl6bdyrgl
vGuf;wGefj (role) rldif;tcb efg;umefrdlif;rldif;wB;
lK,yxuho:'yt9wrc]hl'y/ 0;yhl5b;y-KoyjakTc]hl'y/
]wh0y.T96b;yrdKoyl6bdyrdKoyz:'yr9K'yd6bdyrdxyrs^,yhdoy
m6b'yp:9yhs<9yhxwKd.kjo'yjdoy
sK'yhxoyh -6oygsk-,yrc-j xKoylw:TakT,b'y
Ph
oto
: w
eb
site
Shan Herald Agency for News 7
INDEPENDENCE
-ujl6bdyr-6boyh]:,yt;G'yro:'ycl Z,5b;yh]G;ys<'yt;kh
-b.oyr,b'y Kunming X? awKj-6oyz:'yr',yrp6oy
d5Pyt (Governor General Yun Kuei) gdkh
v,yj9oyr9'yh95;yc]h dkh]whp:,yrdKoyt?
0'yj]wh09yrz:'yr9K'y xkr-5;yr'6boyr-5;yr-,yr
gld.kj;G'yr]5'yx5bPyjd\b'yr p:oyrv;y-6boyro,yt
]boysboyzk05;yhx5jxKoy,:oyj? 9'yr-6oy,:'yH
d5;yH]ygdkh ,Coyhz:'yrv5oyh okh9kgdkh
v,yj]wh]6gl 0'yj]whp:,yrsxytg-khsGdyhs<'yt
96dyrp:oyr-:'yawKj0;yhl5b;y-KoyjakT?
g9]wh;khlK,yxuho:'y t9wrc]hl'y/
0;yhl5b;y-KoyjakTc]hl'y/ ]wh0y.T96b;yrdKoy
l6bdyrdKoyz:'yr9K'yd6bdyrdxyrs,yhdoym6b'yp:9yh
s<9yhxwKd.kjo'yjdoy? x5b'yhdoy9uh;kh ,5b;yhlK,y
xuho:'yt9wrsG9yr-6oyz:'yr',yr,5b'yr,Koyhooyt
,Coyhz:'yr,5b'yrc-j96bdyTdCoyj-C'y ,5b;yhxKoy0;yh
l5b;y-KoyjakTl,ty ,Coyh,5b;yh,5b'yrc-jv:oyjcvr
ooytd5Pyr?
d5Pyrdkh9'yhc9jooyt,krgdkh ';yr]wKr
c]hl'y/ d5oyrc]hl'y xCdyjx5b'yh,krc]h
x6boyr9wrd;yj voylK,y0;yhxuho:'yt vbdyj 0;yh
l5b;y-KoyjakT gdkjlK'yh,kr05b;yrooty v,yj,ur
zy.-5oty95dyjv6xyjl,yt-6boyr]whmC'yhp;ty?
0;yhl5b;y-ujakT Z@%Q*S@%@_MX
gxkr95Pyroy.rx6boyr voy0;yhpoyjakT
lCoy;u 9C,yh;wtooytc9t -whco]:'yh0;yhl5b;y
-ujakT 0;yhl5b;y',yakT l:'yxuho:'yts,yhdoy?
d5Pyrdkhgxkr95Pyroy.rx6boyr voy0;yh
lwK,5b'yr 9'yr DGE Hall 9C,yh;wtooyt ]whsoy
]:'yh0;yhl5b;y',yakTgdkT]G;yc]h voy-wh
cod,yrowt g995dyj06b;yh,oyr0;yhgdkT]G;y?
0;yhl5b;y-KoyjakTo:oyrczrp;yt % xu
Zxu @$(_X ,5b'yrc-jgdkh xGoyd:oyhxGoydCoyj,kr
-6boyr awKj9y.h-5b;yr-6oylw:TakTc-j ,b'y ? z;yj
ooyt lGoyh9K'yr]wKh (Silk Road) ;:9yhsK,yr
d.kjp;ytc]h -6oyc-jgdkh -y.hx6b9yjlGoyh9K'yr
o,tydG;y x5b;yh9kj-;yhxK'yj]wKjgl dxyrl6bxyj
,5b'yr;oyr95dyr ? l,ty,Coyhz:'yr 0;yhl5b;y',y
akT voyxGoy]6dyh]Koy0;yhl5b;y-KoyjakT
]6dyT-6boyh,kr x5b;yh9kjd:xyjd5h-6boyrgsklC'y9wr?
0'yj;kh ]wh96bdyrg9krdoy9'yhc9j @%$_
m6b'y @%%( ?
0;yhl5b;y',yakTgdkT dKoytl6bdyrc]h
]whd.kjx6b'yhs,yh0;yhgsk-,yr oix9b ,5b'yrvkj;
voyxGoy ]6dyhxuh]6dyho:'ytdoy ? d5Pyrdkh
@%%( 9xytl6bdyrc-jgdkh ,kr]:,yt;G'yrvkj;
gl sGdyhs<'ytp:oyrv;y 0;yhl5b;y',yakT ?
0;yhoix9bgdkh p:oytsC'yrv,yj'K,yjdoy]wh
c]h ]wh95dyr]5'yrvKoyr,:xyhxoy95;y0;yh
l5b;y',yakT ? d5Pyrdkh gxkrs^T;kh 95;yd;yj
g9]wh95dyrxGoyswKrl6bdyr (Prisoner of War)
d,yH0k9k-6oyvoy95dyrxGoyswKrl6bdyr 96boyr
g9m6dyj9Cxyrs^;yowgdkh 0;yhl5b;y',yakT
]whdboy'5oytlKoygl o:oyrczrd.kj? dkh]wh
v;y-Kxyh95;y,oyr0;yh ,:xyhxoyc-jd5Pyrp;yt?
vGoyrvKoyrc]h 9K'yrs9yrsKoy0;yh
l5b;y',yakTowt z5hvoy9K'yr]wKs^Tg9p:'yh
gpkrp5j? d5Pyrdkh d:xyhl'yx5j,:oyj,oyr0;yh
xGoydKoy0:,yro'yjvGoyrvKoyr ? 95;y,oyr
0;yhl,ty v,yjxGoy0:,yrooyt ]uxkrdoy-wh0y.
]u]up5j?
0;yh-,yrdwKjow:T Z@(QQS@(Q*X
0;yh-,yrdwKjow:T lCoy;u owt 06b;yh,5b;yh]Gdyt
sGdyh;kh 0;yh-,yrdC;yh ? ,5b;yh @*%+ ]wh95dyr
xGoyswKrl6bdyr ,5b'yrvkj; ? m6b'y,kr @*** p:oyt
0;yhgsk-,yrxpboyto:'yj 96bdyrgxtvkj;c]h
]whd.kjp5j,5b'yrxkjd5b;y (Pegu) ? ]6dyT9uhooyh
gl xkrd.kj0:,yr0;yhogirl5oy ZgdkTvoy
d.kjxGoyswKrl6bdyro'yjdoy 9uh,5b'yr,Koyhp;yt
;wKr,kr,5b;yrxGoy0;yhxGoy0:,y-6boyr9uh vp69yt
mpkr ,5b'yrmwr?X
sK'yhxoyh 0;yhl5b;y-KoyjakT
;wKrgl 0;yhgsk-,yr ooyj9xpboyj
o:oyrczr,5b;yh @*++ vGoysC'yr,oyr9CdyjpwKh
d.kjooyt 0;yhogirl5oy ]wh0w:hmC,yxoysC'yr
l6bdyrsC'yrl5b;y 9uh0;yh-,yrdwKjow:T v;y-6boyr
,5b'yr9wr ? m6b'y9uhxu @(QQ gdkh ]wh-6boyr,5b'yr
lCoy;u?
,5b;yhooyt ,Coyhz:'yr-6oyvkj; 0;yhP:'yj
pKoyr gdkhsC'yr-6boyr,krc]h 9'yr-6oyc-j
-6oy,Koyh x5'yd.K,yr,kr;kh sy>hl5'yj-5;yr'6boyr
-5;yr-,yrd5,yho:,yr05r 0:,yr]wKrab'yhd;yjd;yj?
0;yh-,yrdwKjow:Tgdkh;kh p:oyt]5Pyh]wh
x6b'yh,6oy';yr 0;yhogirl5oygl xGoy-6oy,kr
-6boyrc]h v,yj0K'yhx:'y0:,yrdK'y0y.-6oyc-j
-6oy,Koyh? 0'yj;khl6bdyrc-j l6bdyr,Koyh -6boyh
,kr,5b'yr9wr m6b'y9uh]wh96bdyrdoy?
d:xyh9xytl6bdyr9wr sC'yrv,yj'K,yjdoy
9'yr9xytl6bdyr-6oy,Koyhc]h 0'yj]whp:oyr
sK'yhxoyh 0;yhogirl5oy
Ph
oto
: S
SA
Ph
oto
: w
eb
site
8 Vol. 25, No. 247, 2008
L9K'yr0w:hmC,yd.kj9uh vp69ytmpkr? d5Pyrdkh
95dyroy.r';yr]wKrawr0,y95;y x6b'yho,yTdw c-
v,yj9oyrc]h 0;yh-,yrdwKjow:Tgdkh dKoyt
l6bdyrl6,yr,5b'yr? 0;yhogirl5oygdkh v,yj
9oyrzC;y9uhzC;y9K'yrgl o:oyrczrd.kj
,5b;yh96bdyT-K,yr9xytp5j9uh,5b'yrsK'y g0H;G'yr
,5b'yr95oypK,yr]G;y?
9'yrl:'y,5b'yrowt sxyTs<'yr,dyr,oyh;wTxkj9uj-:,yH
,b;yHob9yt,5b'y,Koyh (CPB) ? -:,yH,b;yHob9yt
o'yjdoyd,yt0w:hdoy? xkj9uj-:,yH,b;yHob9yt
,5b'yr,Koyh pK,yh,krxdyrl;yr95'yto6b'yoy.r,5b'yr9wr
Z0G'yj0Koyr;oyr95dyrX gl lKoy-9yr]5'y
x:'y06b'yh zlx] (AFPFL) 06,yrv5ro6 ?
0;yhd:oyr05b'yr Zs6b;yX ,5;ysb'yr gdkhlKoy-9yr
gdkh0K'yh]whd:oyrg-k? oy.rz5h9Coyr05b;yrooyt
,ur xkT9boyj l5b;ypGoyr c]h 0;yh-,yrx;yr?
9'yrd.kj9'yr,kr -K;yr9K'yr $ ]5boy?
zC;y9uh]y. ]whd.kjs^xytzy. x5boyh;khs6b;yow
ooty xwjsoy,uroy.r]bdyh,wK]wKr,6b;yrl'ygl9kT
]whsT;kh xkj9uj-:,yH,b;yHob9yt,5b'yrc-j (CPC)
sxyts<'yrxkj9uj-:,yH,b;yHob9yt,5b'yr,Koyh (CPB)
xkj9uj,y.jl6'y06b'yh9wr (SSPP) gdkh 06dyro5b;ylGoyh9K'yr
-:,yH,b;yHob9ytgl -9yr0y.9b9yrg9kj,5b'yrc-js'yrg-kmC'yh?
owtgdkh ]whd.K,yr9:xyj9uh,5b'yrc-jv,yjxwKhx5b'yhdoy9'yr
xKoy0;yhd:oyr05b'yr-9yr0y.,krv:oy9K'yr
]:'yh0;yhogirl5oy 9'yr0;yh-,yr
dwKjow:T sdyTdoy ,url9yh0kjg9kjdoy0w:hdoy
owt z5hvKoyj9'yro,y g9soy;kh]up:'yh
]up5b'yhc9tc9t? d5Pyrdkh mC'yhawKjo6b'yh ]u
;5oyt]6bdyT]6bdyT;kh 0;yh-,yrdwKjow:T v,yjpGxyj
pK'yh0:,yrsw<r9boy 0;yhl5b;y-KoyjakT vbdyj
lK,y0;yhxuho:'yt9wrc]h ,urz:oyr]uz:oyr0kT
05b;yts6b;yootyp5j?
oy.rx6boyr,5b'yr9wrowt 9'yhc9jooyt,kr
v,yj,urgsk-,yrs'yrg-kp;yt? zklk lklok
,5b'yr,Koyhgdkh -;yh,kro,y? 9xytl6bdyr,Koyh
gdkh ,krxdyrp5j lCoy;u lujgxkT p:'ys^Pyh
,5b'yrowKr dG'yr96'y g9kjm6b'y xKoyvb'yrd]G9yh
,krsG9yr-6oy?
0;yhd:oyr05b'yr Z@+#(S+@X
;wKr0;yh-,yrdwKjow:Tp;yt ]9yr-K,yh,kr
$*Q xu oy.r';yr]wKrdKxyhxKoy %QS*Q xuowt/
,5b'yrc-j voy]6dyt9uhdKxyhxKoy9CdyjpwKhv:oyj
cvr awKj9y.h-5b;yr-6oy,oyHd\3r z:'yr',yrc]h
xKoyc-jz5bdyj gdk,b'y9'yj (Kuomintang-
KMT) z:'yr',yrooytgl xoyhdCoyjdoy,ur
sC'yr,kr-6boyr awKj9y.hdKoyz:'yr',yrxkj9uj-:,yH
,b;yHob9yt,5b'yrc-j (CPC) ?
z;yjooyt ,5b'yri9yrlb\3;yHgdkh xGoy
-:,yH,b;yHob9ytc]h ,5b'yr]5'y-:,yH,b;yHob9yt
9xytl6bdyr,Koyh voy,krxdyr9xytsG9yr-6oyswKT
p5joy.r,5b'yr9wrc]h -;yhs,yhs<,yr CPB gl
96bdyrg9kr0:,yr? d5Pyrdkh;wKrgl CPB x6boy
zK;yjgxkj]lujmKoyhd5oyrgl ,kr0Cdyjcz
d5oyr,5b'yr9wr sG9yrsy>hd5oyr,5b'yr9wr9CdyjpCdyh
zK9yjczxC'yr0'yrzb9yrzCdyjdoy,krgdkh
0'yj]wh ]6dyTlKoy-9yr CPB -6boyr ,5b;yh
@#T(T@+*( ?
;wKrooyt ]whgdkj9'yhxkj9uj-:,yH,b;yH
ob9yt06b'yh9wr (SSCP) gl xw:jz5h9Coyrd.kj
dxyrl6bxyj CPC x5b;yh9kjp:oyr]:'yhsxyts<'yr
,dyr,oyhc]h ]:'yh0w:hmC,y9uh,5b'yrc-j d5h
]:'yh? ,6'yh,:'yr;kh gxkrc-jsxyts<'yrxoy ,5b'yr9wr
06,yr]G;y? v,yjp:,yrsxytxkj9uj,y.jmC'yh ? v,yj
d:,tydkh xkj9uj-:,yH,b;yHob9yt06b'yh9wrd5Pyr
xkj9uj-:,yH,b;yHob9yti-C'yj (ACP) gdkh c-j
p'yrv,yjsxyts<'yr? sG9yrsy>hxkj9uj-:,yH,b;yH
ob9yt06b'yh9wrooyt ]6]C;yd.kj?
;wKr9'yhxkj9uj ,5b;yh @+)@ p;ytooyt
9K'yrawKjxkj9uj,y.jl6'y06b'yh9wr (SSPP) gdkh
06dyro5b;ylGoyh9K'yr-:,yH,b;yHob9ytgl -9yr
0y.9b9yrg9kj,5b'yrc-js'yrg-kmC'yh? owtgdkh
]wh d.K,yr9:xyj9uh,5b'yrc-j v,yjxwKhx5b'yhdoy
9'yrxKoy0;yhd:oyr05b'yr-9yr0y.,krv:oy9K'yr
ooyt?
0;yh-6oylkj Z@+$%S#QQ)X
0;yh-6oylkjowt ,urd5oyr9'yro,yv,yj
-y.hp6,yjp,y/ soy;khxGoylwK]xyt,Koyh? d5Pyr
dkh p'yr,urmC'yh9'yro,y voyp6,yjp,yoxyt
m6b;y,oyr0;yh;kh sdyT9wr sG9yrdKoy9wr sG9yr
v,yjv:'yjc]h sC'yr0y.95dyrgld.kj05r,Koyh
d5Pyr ? voy;khow ,K'y05b;yr sKoytg9kjm6b'y
,5b;yh]G;ys^,yhs<,yr0xyroCoyhdoy9'yr 0;yh
p:9yhl6bdyrgl g9kjl5h9xytl6bdyr,Koyhp5j
g9kjpK,yr]G;y?
,5b;yhxu @++$ 0;yh-6oylkjx6boyzK;yj
,5b'yr9wrd:oyrg-k?oy.rxuooyt06,yrz5h9Coyrc-j
,krpG,yh0y.rs^;y,5b'yrc]h 0;yh-6oylkj9'yrsK'yhxoyh 0;yhd:oyr05b'yr
Ph
oto
: S
SA
Shan Herald Agency for News 9
INDEPENDENCE
0;yhdoyr0G9yr-;y ]wh9:oyhsxytgl v6xyj
v5;yrdoy?
,5b;yhooyt 0;yh-6oylkj ]whp:oyr9K'yr
0w:hmC,y9uhc-j x5b;yh9kjx59yrxw:j;Koyh,5b'yr?
awKj06,yrz5h9Coyrc-j voyo,yr]5Pyh]K;yr
]ur (Li W.J.) gdkh9:xyj;kh Jgxkr0;yhg9
xdyrp5j0:,yr]Coy]boymwr s;yrv,yj0K'yh0w:h?
gxkr-y.hsy>hs;yr0w:h 0;yh9dyr,kr9K'yr]Coy
]boyc-jd:oyj?"
;wKrooyt z5hpy.j]wK0;yh ,5boy0;yhdoyr
0G9yr gdkhm9yrlK'y;kh Jxwj]ud6b'ytdK'ytp6,yj
d.K,yrd5oyrgdkT]G;y/ ]udxyrl6bxyjd.kjmC'yh9'yr
o,yd:oyj" ;khowgl9kT 0;yh-6oylkjxdyr0y.
p6,yjp,yxC9yhp;ytSoy.rxu @++% x6b9yjokhl6bdyr
96bdyrg9kr9xytl6bdyr,Koyh9uh,5b'yrg9kT ,5b'yr
mkrc]h l5'yjl6bdyroxytsG'y-6boyhd.kj ,5b'yr9wr
x:9yrs<'yj?
z:'yrooyt sC'yrl6bdyr9xytl6bdyr,5b'yr9wr
(MTA) ,urv,yj9C,yjgl #$jQQQ / awKj9xyt
l6bdyr,Koyhp'yrp:,yrsxyt;kh xGoy9xytl6bdyr]6dyt
z6boytvoydCoyj-C'y]5b;yx5boyh? d5Pyrdkh;wKrgl
-6boyhd.kjx:9yrs<'yjp;ty ]whm6dyj9xytl6bdyr,Koyh
9:oyhsxytxy.T96bdyrsK;yhsK;yhsC'yrsC'yr? v,yjzC;y
]wh]Coy]boy,5b'yrc-jv,yjdkr sG9yrsy>h9xty
l6bdyr,5b'yr9wrz5'ytpwKhzK9yjcz? sG9yrsy>hd5oyr
l6bdyrv,yjgxkr0y.9'yrlG'yh voyv9yroCoyh
,kr-K;yr9K'yr]wKxu 9Cdyjv:dyj,krgl d,yhz:'yh
zK9yjv:dyjgdkj9'yh06,yr,y.j -;yhd.kjd6b9yr
l6bdyr9'yr,Koyh? d,yr]6boyrl69yr 0;yh-6oy
lkjgdkh soy;kh';yr]wKr9CdyjpwKhowt v,yjd,y
d6,yr]whp;ytowgl p:,yr,:xyh95;yd5,yho:,yr05r
l6bdyr,Koyh ,5b;yh )T@T@++( ooytp;ty?
;wKr,krgdkh]whs^T;kh gdkTxoy-K;yj'K;yr
9uh9xytl6bdyr,Koyh ]:'yh9xytl6bdyr,5b'yr9wr g9
-6boyhd.kj05r]Coy]boyc-jooyt xGoy06,yrz5h
9Coyrc-j voy,krs^;y,5b'yr,5b;yh @++$ ooyt
d5Pyrc]h xGoyvoyzb9yr0y.oC'y-6boyr?
;wKr;K'yrd:'yhp;yt v,yjs6b'yv,yjoKoyr
z5h0,y0y.0;yh-6oylkjgdkTo6b'yh ]whsxytm5xyr
]K;yr]ur (Li W.J.) ooyt-6boyrgl x:'ytcor;kh
sdyr]'ydoy? Jd5Pyrdkh,oyrv,yj]Cxyhzb9yr
0y.o5b;y-khl'y" -whcoz5h9C,yho'yjow? J,oyr
;khs'yr-khc9tS 0;yh-wh0y.]u]u/ d;y-khv,yj
0y.hd5oyr,5b'yr9wr/ v,yj0y.h]6dyho:'yt0;yh-6oy
lkj? d;y-khxGoyd5oyr,5b'yrc-j ]6dyho:'ytd5oyr
]5'yc-j? d;y-khs^Tdkh]whsG9yr0:,yrz:oyr]u
,5b'yrc-j?"
c-jowt v,yj0y.hd5oyr]K9yhl6b;yh]5bdyr
m5bdyr,5boyd5oyr-5b;yrx5boyh? xGoyd5oyr]K9yhxkr
,:dyjxkr,Kdyj? ;5oyt]u]u0'yj0K'yhsTx:'yj-;yh0y.
d.K,yr-;y? gxkr;5oyt95Pyr0:,yrg-khd.K,yr ]K;yr
]ur owgdkhx:'yj;kh J9kj0w:h9wrv;yd:oyr
g-kowt v,yjxGoyz:oyr]uc-j? 0w:hsy>h,5b'yr,Koyh
xGoyvoyo6b'yhvoy]G;yowt xGoyz:oyr]uc-j?"
{]:'yhp5xyhp:,yr0;yh-6oylkjmC'yhx5b'y
o6b'yhc9tSvb'yo5b;y,ursC'yr'6boyr/ sC'yrl6bdyrd:'yh
dK'yjpy.jo,yd.K'yh;6boyr]5b;y06,yr,Cdyjd:'yhd5h06,yr
oy.r,5b'yr9wrc]hS ,urz5h-Goyo,y]5b;yv5Pyr]u?
o:dyhgll6bdyr,Koyhp;yt ]wh96bdyrg9krzb9yr
g,krdoy9'yr]wK,5j]wK06,yr ,5boyo'yj06,yr;kT
UWSA, xv5;yr]C'y SNPLO, c-jz5bdyj
KMT, 06,yr9wrd6b9yrl6bdyrx:9yrs<'yj SSA,
06,yr,5b'yr]kr NDAA g9kjm6b'y mwrSvg,H
ibdoyH?}
Dr David Williams z5h]GxyhsGoyr
]:'yh,5b'yr,Koyhc]h 0w:hmC,y06,yr0K;yr-5b;yr
-Goyj9C,yh,wK,uhg0H,5b'yrzy.,oyrp5jowt ]K9yh
,5b;yh @)T(T#QQ_ 9uhdG'yr,wj;kh Jd;y-khp'yr
v,yjsoy/ d:xyhl'yc-jg9-y.hsoy,5b'yr9wrd:oyr
g-k?"
d:xyhooy gxkr]GxyhsGoyr]:dyr9:oyh
role -:'yc-j 9'yhc9jxKoy-6oy9wrlK,y0;yh
g9kjpK,yr]G;y06b'y ,6'yh,:'yr;kh g9xGoyvoy
x6b9yjs^x6b9yj9kz5hvKoyjs;yr? v,yj0y.hc]h
;kh s;yrm6dyj]wh;5oyt;kh dKoy9wrs;yrowt gxkr
,oyrm6dyj,Coyh0:,yrI9kr ZxGoym,yrX l:oyjsy>h
s;yrz:,tydoy ,oyr9dyr]wh-6boyr,5b'yrv,yjsK'yt
S,:dyhooytd5Pyr? 9dyr]whsT';yr]wKrdKoy,5b'yr
9K'yro:dyh9K'yroy.r]u]u?
d.K,yrc-j;kh J-K;yrpK,yrooytv,yj9Kxyh
soy;kh xGoyz5h-GoygdkTvoys;yr9dyr]wh-G'yj
9kT/ 9dyrsoy;kh xGoyv5Pyr]uvoys;yr9dyr
]whsG9yrgdkTdoygl skz:oyr]u?" z5h9C,yh
-y.h0b,yd.K,yrvoy;kh J';yr]wKrgdkh,5boy-K;yr
pK,yro'yjd;yj?"
0wKr-6boyrly. _2_2Q_
m6dyj]wh;5oyt;kh gxkr,oyrm6dyj,Coyh0:,yrI9kr ZxGoym,yrX
l:oyjsy>hs;yrz:,tydoy/ ,oyr9dyr]wh-6boyr,5b'yrv,yjsK'ytS,:dyhooytd5Pyr
9dyr]whs^T';yr]wKrdKoy,5b'yr9K'yro:dyh9K'yroy.r]u]u
0;yhdoyr0G9yr c]h 0;yh-6oylkj
~
}
Ph
oto
: S
HA
N
10 Vol. 25, No. 247, 2008
L
50 yD Oef;vkufhzdkefh
ykdef;ydkefhvif nFyfbqrfj,mrf;vAOf (4)
qOfjZMUwB;
ulef;=Uv.ifjqOfjZMU ymefrdlOfjvAOf
rD;vAufUaubanbrmif? ,.efUOMjqOfjZMU yB.b
Omif;zMjnMbeMbcOfqOfj [dkifemef;rM;qrf 50
yD,OfU/
qOfjZMUnefOMjeefU ,lbxmefjvfg/
,difj,fgbr.ufj[dkOf/ ulef;xOfjcOf uBUoyf;vFif;
te rdlefyMjwfgjeBU/
q vBm=def; =rfjyAef Omefj/
Omefj rD;umifU rD;tub/
vBmtubOmefjrD;[Aif/ (ayM;Oef;n.ufbclif;
rD;ylbrdkefb ylboFef xFifju.efb)
vBm[AifrD;qOfjrdlif; (rAOfUqM;? z,M;eB
auMjOMj)
vBmqOfjrdlif;rD; qOfjZMU (princes)
vBmqOfjZMUrD; qOfja[Mcrf; (king)
vBmqOfja[Mcrf; rD;qOfja[MoFif
(emperor)
q OmefjvBjurfUtub/ tubvBjwlpf;vl
Omefj tvjvkufjOmefj/ tubvBjurfU[Aif/
[AifvBjwlpf;vlyeftub/ [AifvBjurfUqOfjrdlif;/
qOfjrldif;vBjwlpf;vlyef[Aif/ qOfjrldif;urfU
qOfja[Mcrf;/ qOfja[Mcrf;vBjwlpf;vlyef
qOfjrldif;/ qOfja[Mcrf;urfU qOfja[MoFif/
qOfja[MoFifvBjwlpf;vlyefqOfja[Mcrf;/
wB;,mrfjrD;qOfja[MoFifrM;,lb/ rdlef
eifb qOfjodlOfcefbZMU (1311-1364)/
ref;qOfjyAefqOfjZMUrldif;rmOf; ,OfUauMj
wdkuf;ayU qOfjZMUvBmvBmrdlif;ao yAefqOfj
a[Mcrf;/ yAefqOfja[Mcrf;,OfU wdkuf;ayU
a[Mcrf;vBmvBmrdlif;tvj yAefqOfja[MoFif/
efg;odlufjydkef;wFrfjrBmOBUOMj wifjtwb
1555 OBm;aoqOfja[MoFif y,defUe.ifb
(1551-1581) rM;,dkwf;nOfrldif;wB;auMj
wB; nrfbrD;qOfja[Mcrf;,OfU/ qOfjcrf;uBmbeB.U
oFefOD vBjwmif;urfUqB.jwDjqOfjea'@olef
n,kwfUx,M; (1590-1605) ao nOf
cdkef;rldif;wB;vBjeBauMj nrfbvBjyAefqOfjq.rf
[dkif? vBjxkufbnMbOwif;wyfUtcb=rfjuefwdkuf;
awM;tvjokwf;OBm;ugMb/
wifjtwbeefUrM; rdlif;wB;rD;qOfjZMU
,lbauMj orfUvBjcdkefjql;qOfja[Mcrf;rmefj?
ayM;qrfa[Mcrf;tcbauMjcdkefjql;a[Mcrf;tcb?
qrfa[Mcrf;xB;auMj cdkefjql;a[Mcrf;xB;/
ndifedlOfuljrldif;qOfjZMUvBjofgbqfg v.ifj=rfb
vlrfj rldif;zfgref;? ayM;ydlefjrM;wdkuf;awM;auMj
{jrD;auMUrM;qB.juFwfbtct[Uuifjyef? qifbOMj
rdlif;qOfjZMUeifbuef yefvkufjyefvmefuef
ao[Awf;nlpf;vDuef/ nrfbeefauMj cOfj
ydkifjqOfja[Mcrf;cOf rM;uFwfbtct[Uuifjyef/
ymefuljy.ufjeBU c.yfberfUvFefvdefrdlif;
qOfjZMUnrfbwBmwlOf/ yDeBU cdkefjql;qOfja[M
crf;xB;-wMbqB.juFwfbtcyefrdlif;[Of;eBauMj
yDeMjqmifjcdkefjql;ckefa[Mcrf;vmOf; wMbqB.j
uFwfbtct[Uuifjyef/ vFefOmefjvFefrldif;
nefOMjeefU udlwfbrD;rM;efg;ymefndif;uvAwfj
tvjZ'ifboAwfj rM;,dkwf;nOf OmefjnOfrdlif;
ydlefjao wwf;vFefvdefql;uefulpf;? ydlOfj
wMbnrfb{jylefUyFef anM;qMbnMbeMbuef?
nrfbyAefodkuf;yAefodlOfawMbuefeefUulpf;/
qOfjZMUeBeefU rD;nMbeMbuMj[dkOf/
rdlOfj 1882 ymefqOfjoDbayMU (1878-
1885) yAefqOfjq.rfwDjrldif;rmefj y.wf;edlOf
,lbeefU qOfjckefoFif (qOfjZMUoDbayMU)
vBjyBmjugMb,lbrldif;rmefjy.wf;wfgj wDjwMjukifj
efg;eMjvdefndif;uvAwfjz.if;irf;/ ,lbrM;
yDedkifj vBj,dkOf;wBmulef;wB; 2 auMU u.yfjcdkif
nOfwBmref;qOfj/ n.efwmif;twU ndif;u
vAwfjwdp.yf;ao ylifwmrfbwBm/ OBm;eefU=UOMj
yAefqOfjZMUtvj OBUyAefzljxkufbukrf;cif
wmif;umefrl di f; (Political Prisoner) /
OBm;ndif;uvAwfjylwf;a[Mcrf;rmefjwMjvdlOfb
(ref;wav;) qOfjoDbayMU,OfUauMj qOfj
ckefoFif qifbnOfvBjcdkef;rldif;ref;qOfj/
vdlifjeBUteOMj qOfjZMUeBeefU rD;nMbeMb
xdkifyAefqOfjqDOdwfUwoBmqfg ulef;Omefj
ulef;rdlif; qdlOf;,lbwfgjz.if;irf;cOfqOfj wif;
oAifj/
zljwFrfjvdufj yAefulef;OAif;vliftvj
nrfb,mrfj,lbwfgjqOfjZMUz.if;irf;/ awvBj
OMjnrfb=Uv.ifjqOfjZMUvDeB auMjOMjvBj/
u.yfjeefrdlOfj[Of;auMUvAufU? ayM;ulef;rldif;
Omefje.ufjeM;ymifb[efqOfjZMUefg;OAif;qdkif
n.efueftOjyefao ckyfUcOfb,lbcmifjwmif;
eefU ,mrfjnmrf;rM;,lb/
e.ufjaoeefU ayM;vkufjqOfjZMUrM;
cOfj=if;[Aef;efg;OAif;vlifqdkif rD;n.efbqBm;cOf
qB.jnOf=rfbvlrfjugMbrM;q.rf;uljcmOf;,mrf;/ ayM;
+ifUqdkOfjcOfqOfj nrfbofgbacMjnefOMj qOfj
[dkOf aeMj qdlOf;eBUqdkif qOfjwlOftwU nrfb
uMj[dkOf? [efn.efbqBm;qdlOf;q.rf;cOf zdwf;qfg
y.ifUxMUeefU ,mrfjpM;rM;,lb/
qOfjZMUcOf vBjidkef;crf;uMjvfgrM;?
w.efjwMbyAefqOfjedlOf=Of cMjOmefjulef;rldif;/
urfjerfuAyf;c.efbwDjulef;rldif;? [Awf;vBj[MvBj
rM;uMj[dkOfauMjuAyf;nOfc.efbnrfbylefU 1 efg;
10 ykefj OMjeB/ rdlefvBm;cMjeBU edkifj=def;
vBjyef 2U5 usmyfj/ yAefidkef;nrfberf nrfb
anb/ u.yfjOMjymefeefUcOfjydlufbedkifjvif 2U5
usmyfjeifbuOfb/ vBjcOfjedkifjvifauMj awvBj
ofgbyefcOfjomef 1 wmif (80 vdwfU liter)/
rdlefqdlifUemif;efg;a[Mrdlif;e.ifeBU vBjidkef;qBmb
5 usmyfjuljOef;umwfb 5 Oef;/ ayM;vAifU
wif;=def;wif;a,;cOf OMjeB/
Shan Herald Agency for News 11
INDEPENDENCE
ulpf;uMj ayM;yAefrldif;Omefj,fgbulef;udkef;
twU qOfjZMUauMj=UvBjc.efberf/ rdlefeifb
oFefODeBU ,mrf;vAOf+ifUoAefjODaowMU ymef
uljy.ufj+ifUoFefOD/ ,.efUOMjumifUtub_[Aif_
qOfjrldif;cOf rM;eyfU,rfvrfb=Of (uefbawM;)
uljyDeBU rD;u.yf;ulpfjwif;erfwif;vBm eyfU[Aif
ODrdkefbu.yf;tvj qifb+ifUOMj oFefOD eB,OfU/
uAOfbvlpfj ,.efUoiftvj+ifUoFefODeBeefU
rD;ugmrf;w.yfbzfgref;,lb/ ulpf;uMj zljwFrfj
[efOMj ugmrf;w.yfbacMjeBU vFyfjimrfbvdlOfydlefj
okwf;/ e.ufjaovBjyefc.efbeefU uljOmefj
vBjcmef;olifbn.efbqBm;ugMb efg;[mifjefg;a[M/
wMb[Awf;umefefg;a[MnrfbuM; vBjnOf=rfbvlrfj
qOfjZMUtvj qB.jwlpf;yefefg;Omefjefg;eM;
,Mb{jrD;yMbrD;qlef/ n.efwmif; ymefndif;u
vAwfjeefUuAyf;odkuf;yM;/ ulpf;uMj OBm;ndif;u
vAwfjrM;[Awf;ckeftwU u.yfjcOfnOfykefjz.ef;
umefodkuf;,OfU tvj nrfbOBUwyfUodkuf;,OfU/
qdlOf;omefcwf;qOfjZMU uBUwlufbv.ifj
qOfjZMUnrfbvDeBU
q yBm;ypMb yBm;,lbvDwluf;wFrfb
q yefydkwfbymifv.if;[Midkef;
[Awf;{julef;rldif;zmef,OfUzmefxFifj
q vBj+ifUqOfj+ifUaeMj/ ayM;yAefrdlif;
rdlefeifb,.if=pfjqdkif qfgUwdkOf;yM;ugmrf;
rmefjtvj vBj+ifUvBjanMjOMj ]YzM;}
eBu.efb/ ayM;zFOfefg;[mifjefg;a[MauMj wDjeifj
wMbulef;zuf;uMbtwU yAefydkefUvdef nrfb
eef ydkefUyFefjodlOfbefg;a[Mulpf;/
ZBmbqOfjZMUcOfw.yfbtujOMj yBm;,lbvD
yBm;ypMbqdlOf;eBU urfjerfrD;wDjndif;uvAwfj/
u.yfjOMjc.efbnefuAyf;vBjrM;urfjerfeBU nrfb
ayM;qfgUqBmb/ ymifv.if; [mefUcBm,MjZdefb
qdlOf;eBUauMj ndif;uvAwfjn.efrM;cdkifyef/
]cBjqfgwlpf;vl; av;u.ifbusdefb zM;uav;
iM;osdefUclpfb qdlOf;eBUnrfbqfgjugmrf;wB;/
u.yfjndif;uvAwfjnOfc.ifrmefjrM;tzjyef
qifbyAefrM;}-OMjeB/
u.yfjeef v.ifjqdlOf;eBU vAyfj[Aef;xFifj
aoqifbuB.jOMjuefxFifjawvD/ rdlOfjvAOftwU
te;uefvlpfjnrfbrD;acMjrkef;wArfxlefj
eifbuefulpf;/
efg;qOfjZMUwB; ymefn.efwmif; nef
ndif;uvAwfjtvjoif? ulef;rldif;tvjoif?
,.ifjnmrf;OMjuwfUcFefbeBUrD;rdlefeifb
q qOfjckefoFif oDbayMU
q qOfjckefomifbwlefj[kif; oFefOD
q qOfjckefxD; rdlif;y.ef
q qOfjckefusDb rldif;eBm;
OBm;ndif;uvAwfjrM;yAefckef,OfU
nefydlefjnmrf;orfU
q qOfjckefcAOf rdlif;rdwfj
q qOfjqmrfbxkef; rldif;y.ef
q qOfjcrf;odlufj ,.if=pfj
q qOfjckefusDb oDboFifb
q qOfjckefymef;qdifb erfUoefb
q qOfjusMboFif oDbayMU
q qOfjxkef;,Aefb e.ifr.ef
ulpf;uMj ymefwB;vkufUzdkefUu.yfbulj
qmwfjeBU n.efuefnmrf;qOfjZMUqBm;vlif
uAif;wkif (1927-1997)/ u.yfjOMj,lbyMjvif
yef[Fif;vBm;vkufUzdkefU qArfidkef;w.if;u.ifjumifb
ulpf;nrfbuM; rM;=yfUxlyf;ulef;vlifwmif;xB;
{jwlpf;vlyef/
e.ufjaoeefU ref;qOfjuAyf;c.efb
ulef;rldif; 1 auMU 1 rmwfj (25 yFufU) ulpf;
OMjeB/ u.yfjOMjeMjvdefrldif;uAif;wkifeBU ,fgb
vdlOfydlefjefg;rldif;qOfjZMU ugmifjOdkef; 12b000
v.uf;cBgbvuf; (sq.mile) / e.ufjeefU qdlOf;
yAefulef;ekrfbuAif;wkifugMbcOfjqefUq.rfwMjvdlOfb
wMjukifjauMj urfUqB.jyef 1 auMU 1 vdlef
100 usmyfj/ z.if;eefU uMj[Aef; 15 usmyfj
uMj,lbudefefg;=if;oOf;auMjnrfbylefU 50
usmyfj yM;uMjyyfUurfwFrfjqdkif yAefnefyAif;
ayM; ukrfbxlefjvD/
OBm;aocOfqOfj vBjxkufbodkuf;rmefjrdyfb
iFef;qfgUOmif;nMbeMb rdlOfj 24_4_1959
eBauMj rldif;wB;eBU rdlefwif;nrfbrD;iOfj
rD;uef;oif? rdlef=Ofykwf;[mifcmwfbugMb/ u.yfj
OMjv.uf;[email protected]@ca'@oD@ auMj,if;yBb
qmifj,ifb[mufj,ifb=Of? wyfUodkuf;rmefjauMj
,dyf;nMbeMbOBhwif;oAifj/ vlify.ifqdkifjrldif;wB;
auMjcOfjqdkOfjzuf;udlOfulpf;/ qifbOMj nrfbrD;
zfgcwf;cFif[Fif;wMUao wyfUodkuf;rmefj xmifb
[mifj+efjxOfbedlOfulef;rldif;rM;-OMjeB/
uAOfbvlpfjqOfjZMUeBU =UawrD;wDj
te;erf/ rdlefeifbnrfbayM;rD;ulef;arMvdufj
q.rf;umyfjymef/ ql;nOfvBm;uOfbvBm;r.ifzifU
oM;ao nrfbcwf;vBjq.rf;umyfjymefrf gb/
ulpf;uMjOef;rdlOfjeBU qdlOf;nefte; qdlOf;
nefcwf;qOfjZMUrM;wif;oAifjeefU n.ef
uefcdkef;xmrfwlpf;cOfvl;/ rdlOfjvAOfqOfjZMU
nrfbrD;,OfU/ zOMUqmwfjymefolq.ifbvDrM;
,OfU? twbnOfyDje.ifUynlOf; cOfawOMj
eMbvdlOfymefqOfjZMU/ ]ydkifjqOfj-u.yfjulOf
odlOf? qOfjeMbvdlOfodlOf} awn.efuefOMj
eifbeBulpf;/ ¾
-6dyrm5xyr0;yh0K'ytlG'yh,6oy]wh % xu
J-K;yrpK,yrl69yrlG'yhx5oytd.kj? l,yt;kh
xuh0K'yt]6d.kj]wh % xu -:xyh,5b;yh #%T)T#QQ_
p;ytgdkh -khs;yr]whd.kjdK;yjx:oyr;wh;Koyr9kj
,oyr0;yh 9uh;9yt;krp5j? v,yj,ur;oyr]6b,yr?
,oyr0;yhg9,urp5joy.r95oyh0y.-khs;yrc]h
oy.rx6boyrs;yrd5h-K;yrpK,yr? v,yj0y.h;kh96b9yt
0oy,oyr0;yhx:dyh,kr-6boyr 05b'yto'yjpK,yhsb;yt
pKxyj,kr]5'y]K'y? xw:j;K'yrxoy,oyr0;yh v:dyj
pKoys;yrd.kjgl?"
xkho6 Zp:'ysPyhX
Ph
oto
: S
SA
12 Vol. 25, No. 247, 2008
L
vdlefanM@uwfhof 16 Oef; yD 2008
eBh yMbwDbrfgbokifqdkifjwB; SSPP nef,mrfj
yAefyMbwDbumefrdlif;vBm;vkufhzdkefhu.yfbuljqmwfj
efg;qdkifjwB;rM;=Of[Fufj n.efwmif;okwf;eefh
nM,kc.yfjclyfb 41 yD,Ofh?
=OfyOfjyMbwDbrfgbokifqdkifjwB; auMU[Fufj
n.efwmif;okwf; yAefqOfjoFifodkuf; nef
vyf;wMvdkrf;rdlif;rdlOfjOef;xd 13_08_2007/
1948 rdlif;=rfjwkrfywf;ydkefh vBju.ef;
acM,OfhaowMU vlify.ifqdkifj zoyv nrfb
ruf;refj rdlif;r.ef;? rldif;,mif;? rldif;'cFifb
eifb[dkOfOmefjrdlif; awvBjokefbzAifbyAif;? qefh
xmefjulef;rldif;awyAif;wif;rmefjeefh zlj
[ufhqmwfjr.ef; n.eftwbvkufhzdkefhwkuf;,.ef;
okefbvBj rdlOfjvdlef 9 rlef; yDauM;qMb 1310/
ndifbwu zljwFrfjvdufj_y.ifjugmrf;r.ef;
vmwfjOMj-]z.if;eefhwyfhuFwfbtcqdlOfhqmwfj
r.ef; MNDO nrfbrD;u.ifjumifboif? crfjOef;
zdwfjvdlefuOfjrlef; 1948 zlj[ufhqdlOfhqmwfj
eBmbymef;wMb? ylOfbwAif; n.ef=OfcOfj,dkwf;
ckuf;clefhOef;udlwfbyMbwDbrfgbokifqdkifjwB;c.yfjclyfb 41 yD
qdlOfhqmwfjr.ef;twbumefvkufhzdkefh c.yfjurf;xd 61
wkuf;,.ef;ykefjokefbvBj
u.ifjumifb (u.ifjnefvlify.ifqdkifjyefOBU wMb
uFwfbtcrlbOmefj) q.rf;OmefjZifberfhusFif;
Oef;vdlefuOfjrlef; twbvkufhzdkefhteumifqfg
wkuf;,.ef;ykefjokefbvBjzAifbyAif;? ulef;rldif;
r.ef;wif;vBm cOfj=rfjteumifqfg v.ifjyAef
erfhedkifjqfgvAOf? Oef;ckdufhcrfbwMbqdlOfhqmwfj
r.ef;wif;vBmtvj qifbvBja,M;rkefOef;
eefh yAefOef;vkufhzdkefhrM; awMbxdkif,mrf;
vAOf} -OMjeB/
odkyfbvmwfjxFifjOMj-]eMjyBbxdkifOef;
vkufhzdkefheefhr.ef; wif; ,mif;zdlufb vBjqfg
udefuFefb=rfjomifjumefqdlOfhqmwfjvlpfjuef/
v.ifjeefh,Aef;yAefumifjcgmifacM;vlify.ifqdkifj
zoyv wifjtwbeefhrM; yFif;qif;edlOf
r.ef;wif;,mif;/ vlify.ifqdkifj odkuf;rmefj
,mrf;vAOfauMj awMjeifbeef} - OMjeB/
Oef;qdlOfhqmwfjr.ef;vkufhzdkefheBh r.ef;
qdlOf;,lbefg;eMjvdefylwf;y.Bb/ efg;rdlif; yM;qArf
r.ef;qdlOf;+wfje.ufjrdlif;-rdlif;xB;? rdlif;cFef@
eWdlOf@? aeM@Olpf@? nar@'dcdlOf@C n.ef
uefqwf;[Awf;ymifckuf;xlyf; Oef;z.rfh=rfj
vkufhzdkefhzljcAef odkOfjzfgwef;ref;uljyD -
OMjeB/
¾ ¾ ¾
rdlOfjyBbudkwf;odkuf;uljy.ufj wifjtwbauMb
wifjyMbwDb y.wf;ckrfbymif uAif;vdlef au;oD;
rdlOfj 1971 awMb xdkif 1989 cmOf;wmif;
18 yDeefh wyfhodkuf;qdkifjwB;y.wf;+ifb nef
yAefqkrf;udkwf;odkuf;,mrf;vAOfeBh ,dyf;wdkOf;
v.uf;ydlifyMbwDbn.ef=Ofwyfhodkuf;? umefrdlif;
n.ef=Ofumefodkuf;rM;/ zljy.ifumefyMbwDb
uljv.ifjv.ifjauMUvdkef;okwf; yAefqOfjqBm;
vAufU odkyfbykwfjqOfjodlOfekrfb nefoAifjrkef
ugMb 1983? ayM;qOfjodlOfxFefj? qOfjv.BrmOf;
cOf nOfqdkOfjwyfhodkuf; SSA udkwf;odkuf;
wif;rmefj 1989 ,OfhauMj qOfjqBm;vAufh
orfhnOfqdkOfjyMbwDb SSPP ugMb=rfj+rf;c.if@
oD@tr;y.ifqdkifjwB; SSRC/MTA efg;yD
1991 xdkifwDjvBjugMbvkwBmwDj=Ofrldif; =OfyD
1995 / wifjtwbeefhrM; qdkOfjoAifyMbwDb
rfgbokifqdkifjwB;auMj rdlefwif;O.wfj,Aefokwf;
OBm;ugMb/ ,MbOMjulef;rldif;wB; ulef;ekrfbymefrfgb
l6bxyjokhS@(
ymifukrfvlifauMbwifjyMbwDbrfgbokifqdkifjwB; (SSPP)
Ph
oto
: S
SA
Shan Herald Agency for News 13
INDEPENDENCE
Oef;xd 17_08_2008 ,mif;vFif vkufh
zdkefhodkuf;rmefj c.yfjwArf 60 yD? ydkefzmOfbOMj
-awMbOmefjrldif;ayM;yAef ZFwfhWt'@vf
qdkefjqmifb aw+rf;rdkOf;qkrf;umefrdlif;qdlOf;
omefcwf;odkuf;rmefjao cOfjymifwdkuf;ugMb
awMbodkuf;rmefj[uf;vlrfhulefbyif;/
efg;vdufjydkefzmOfbeefh - wMbauMbwifj
rdlif;=rfjwkrfZFwfhW t'@vfqdkefjqmifb aw
omefcwf;awMboljodkuf;rmefj nrfbokwfj
nrfb=ef/ ymifvdlufjwifjuFuf;y.rf 2010 odkuf;
rmefjwuf;aw,lbZBmbayhvuf;vdif;ulwfhaiM;
awMbulef;rldif;_qmOf;cdlOf;ulpf;tvj wdkef;nrfb
,.rf;[yfhvBj-OMjeB/ Oef;qdlOfhqmwfj,mif;vFif
vkufhzdkefheefh qwf;[Awf;ymify.B;efg;ydkefhwDj
eMjvdefylwf;y.Bbc.ifwyfhodkuf;,mif;vFif- a,M;
rkefcgefiOf;zlj[wf;imef qdlOf;wluf;okrf;efg;
ymifwdkuf;? ulef;cOfj=rfjr.ufj 600 yBm/
zljerf;odkuf;,mif;vFif q.rf[mefVDbxl;
vmwfjOMj-] wyfhodkuf;,mif;vFif[Of;eBh vkufh
wDjulef;rldif;omifjckdefjyAefrM;tvj rD;ykefj
z.ef;xkufb[yfheMjwDjuFwfbtc qdlOf;yAefcAef
awMbclOf;c.if_idkef;crf;_oBmqfgulef;rldif;Cwuf;
vBjnOfoBmqfgvFufjnOf ydlOfjwMb=rfbvlrfjulef;
rdlif; nrfbqfgjwyfhodkuf;ayhudefwAuf;wAif cDjvufh
qufhckwfjqlef[drfclOf;c.ifcMj[FrfoBmqfgulef;rldif;?
ayM;nrfbarM[ufhulef;rldif;auMj wyfhodkuf;eefh
nrfbqfgjwyfhodkuf;qdlOfhqmwfj yAefqlefvlif
ulpf;}-OMjeB/
wyfhodkuf;,mif;vFifeBh ulef;rdlif;qdkifj
,mif;vFif twb,dyf;u.ifjumifbawMboljodkuf;
Oef;,mif;vFifvkufhzdkefhc.yfj 60 yD
ydkefzmOfbawoljwdkuf;wBmawMbwAifh
rmefjrM;rdlOfj 1948 vdlefanM@uwfhof 17
Oef;/ ,mrfjawMboljodkuf;rmefjcgmufjrdlif;
qArfymef zoyv awMbxdkif ymef rov
aebOdef;? yef eOw aoM;r.ifb? enz
wmef;olpfb awMbxdkifOef;rdlOfjeBh nrfbumefh
nrfbcmefhnrfbx.B? nrfbw.efhulrfje.rf;awMb
zljcAefaoy.ufj/ ¾
Oef;xd 12_08_08 nefyAefOef;udlwfb
qOfjemif;a[Mcrf;xB;eefh orfhyAefOef;nef
aoM;Vnl;usD; auMUyAef=OfeMj,mif;zdlufbvkufh
zd kef h vBjxkufbod ku f;rmefjcMjwBm rd lO fj
12_08_1950 c.yfjclyfb 58 yD tvj qdlOfh
qmwfj,mif; ruf;refjyAefOef;q.rfimef?
e.ufjrdlif;efg;rdlif; qwf;[Fef;ymifckuf;xlyf;
eyfh,rfrkefiOf;ref;qOfjodkOfjzfgwef;ref;/
ymifa,M;rkef Oef;q.rfimef,mif;zldufb
eBh iOfjikef;,mif;zdlufbvkufhzdkefh eMjvdef
ylwf;y.BbvFefvdef,mif;-xB; ? ,mif;qdlOf;+wfj
rdlif;usyef@? nar@'dcdlOf@? cFef@eWdlOf@
ndufbvBmvBmrdlif; yM;qArf efg;rdlif;xB; n.efuef
ckuf;xlyf;eyfh,rfrkefiOf;ref;qOfj/ vuf;
erf;nefref;qOfjOmif;OBheefh-
Oef;q.rfimef,mif;zdlufb aoM;VMUnl;usD;
wluf;okrf; 58 yDwArf
1U cdlifjrdkOf;u.ifjumifc.if,mif;wuf;vBjrD;
efg;rdkOf;,mif;/
2U wuf;nrfbvBjOmif;cldifju.ifjumifb
yefzljcAef/
3U urf@qMwMqdlOfhqmwfj,mif;zdlufb
wuf;cdkify.ifnOf[if;ulpf;
4U v.ifjruf;refj,.rf;[yfhrdlif;,mif;zdlufb
wuf;vBjwArfxlefj C qArfqdlOf;eBh/
rdlOfj 1950 vdlefanM@uofhwf 12
Oef; zljn.ef=Of,mif;zdlufb aoM;VMUnl;usD;
wluf;okrf;efg;aq@OAif;zMykef rldif;,mif;zdlufb/
odkuf;rmefj wdvBjwlOfvdyf; ,.efhrmwfbqAyf;
efg;ymifwdkuf;? vkufje.ifhwrf;qfg aebOdef;
zlju.ef;wyfhu.if 4 ylOfbqAifbvkefbqdoifb
nOfwBm/ Oef;ref;qOfjvBjxkufbodkuf;rmefj
cMjwBmeefh ,mif;zdlufbqkrf;vkufhzdkefhruf;refj
yAef Oef;zlj[wf;imefqdlOfhqmwfj/ yDeBhc.yfj
clyfbwArf 58 yD/ ¾
q.rf[mefVDbxl;
Ph
oto
: M
an
ag
er
Ph
oto
: w
eb
site
14 Vol. 25, No. 247, 2008
L
ydlOfjwMbv.ifj=rfbvlrfj q.rf;vFefvdef
tcb w.efjwMbymifvAefjuArf@nlOf@vdrf@ydufh
rdlif;tcbtvj odkuf;rmefjyBbayM;cAifjcFif awMb
qkrf;udkwf;odkuf; qdlOf;yuf;[drf;+rf;vFefvdef
tcb? OBm;ymifvAefj[Fif;,Ofh iOf;vBm;qkrf;udkwf;
odkuf; wif;odkuf;rmefjqmifjvmufbvBm;? eifb[dkOf
OBm;ymifnlOf@vdrf@ydufh,Ofh
ac;odkuf;rmefj[Fwfhqkrf;udkwf;odkuf; q.rf;vFefvdef
qOfjoFifodkuf; ([dkOf) ckefusMbek oAifjrkefwArfyD
qOfjoFifodkuf; [dkOf ckefusMbek =OfyOfj
c.rf@rwD@cAefbwFrfjydlifiOfjydkif;rldif;qdkifjwB;
SSCDC oAifjrkefc.yfjclyfbwArfyD/
Oef;xd 20_07_08 Oef;q.rfimef
qOfjZMUvlifrldif;y.ef qOfjqmrfbxkef; wluf;
okrf;wArf 61 yDeefh qkrf;wB;uAif;rBb qwf;
[Aef;ymifckuf;xlyf;eyfh,rf zlj[wf;imefrdlif;
wB;wif;oAifj/ tzb,dkefjukolOfbyefzljerf;/
[myfbudkwfhumefqdlOfhqmwfj qdlOf;okwf;oAifj
oBmqfgugMbvBmvBmqOfj/ efg;zlj[wf;imefvBmvBm
qOfj nefqkrf;auMvdufjvBm;uAif;rBb a,M;rkef
ugMbeefh yM;qOfjoFifodkuf; qOfjedkifj/
acMjugmrf; nefref;qOfjuBUvmwfj-
=OfvldefusL@vBm@eefh zljerf;odkuf;
rmefjwlefjwD; =yfhnkyfbzljerf; qkrf;ynlOf;
vFif (udkwf;odkuf;) ,vvz SNPLO - ayMj
xOfjwMbtc;vdlOfb wDjOAif;wlefjwD; odkuf;
rmefjwAuf;qfgUOmif;cldifjylwf;u.ifj/ yBbwef;
wluf;vlif;oif Oef;xd 03_08_08 uFrfzlj
u.ef;wldif;odkuf;rmefjwlefjwD; n.efwyfhu.if
cr, 426 wif; cv, 250 ugMbOFwfhv.rfh
odkuf;rmefj nOf[Fif;odkuf;OFwfhv.rfhylwf;u.ifj -
,dkwf;iOfjikef;e.ifxOfqkrf; ,vvz
iOfjikef;qkrf;ynlOf;vFif wDje.ifxOf (ZBmb
n.ufbOAif;oDboFifb ,mef 14 vuf;) nOfu.ifjiM
wAuf;qgfUOmif;cldifj/ ckefqlOf;n.ifbvkefb wif;
ckefqdifbolpfb vBjn.efvkufje.ifhy.ifjyBm ulef;
odkuf; 100 yBm Omif;cdlifj/ wyfhu.ifodkuf;rmefj
2 wyfheefh odkyfbykwfjyuf;OBhwDjeefjawMb
,mrf;vAOf/
ulef;,lbOAif;oDboFifbauMUedkifj vmwfj
]z.rfh=rfjnefOMjeefh nrfbqfgjz.rfhuefvFefj
q.rf;ulefjrmufbeif (Football) eMjwDjzfgref;
wuf;vBj[myfbudkwfhwArfxlefj olifb,dkefjrmufb
eifyefuefzAifbzAifbzdkwfhqD;ydwfhcOfjzuf;wl
vuf;ulOfvf@goal u.efb? qifbvBj OMjz.rfh=rfj}
-OMjeB/
qOfjoFifodkuf; [dkOf ckefusMbek nMb,k
72 ( yAefvkufjauMU xlefj 6 ? vkif;ckefusMbyk
auMUcOfj=rfjvlif;vBm;rdkOf; vdufjudefuFefb
ymifvlif) oAifjrkef rldOfjyDuBm 13_08_2007
vlpfjwmif;yAefy.wfb? wyf;[Fifj z.if;wdkufh[myfb
umefwef;[Aif;=OfyOfj SDU ? =OfyOfjcAefb
wFrfjydlifiOfjydkif;rldif;qdkifjwB;/
OMj- ]ymif ,vvz Omif;cdlifj wDjiOfjikef;
e.ifxOfeefh uFrfzlju.ef;wdlif;odkuf;rmefj
wlefjwD; uFrfq.rf[mef csdwfhnl; vmwfjOMj-
qkrf;udkwf;odkuf;wif;oAifj wuf;vBjOmif;cdlifj
qdlifheBuljqkrf;? ayM;nrfbOmif; awnOf[Fif;
odkuf;avMbwdkuf;nOf}- OMjeBvl;u.efb/
qkrf;udkwf;odkuf; awrlefhcOfjwfgjnMbeMbcOf
eefh odkuf;rmefjqmifjcAifjcFif[kwfh[wfhvdlOfuOfb/
vFifbcmOfbvmwfjOMj - awMjvAOfyAef
z.if;ymifvAefj[Fif; ydlpfbusdif; Olympics
Games wDjrldif;tcbtvj odkuf;rmefjyBbayM;
cAifjcFifawMbqkrf;udkwf;odkuf;uMj[dkOf/ OBm;eefh
,Ofh odkuf;rmefjqmifjcdkifvBmvBm;? rldefeifb -
1U qmifjy.BbwlOfwFef;aoauMUauMU ugMb
nkyfbnlOf;wdkuf;olef;xFifj/
2U qmifjolifb+ifjumefvkrf;/ ZBmbz.if;irf;
l6bxyjokhS@(
Ph
oto
: S
HA
N
Shan Herald Agency for News 15
INDEPENDENCE
;oyrmb _2_2Q_
m6b'y2
]6'yrd:oyrg-k
]:'yh9K'yr ? ? xoy,kr9K'yrsoym6b'y
oy.rz6boy]bdyhd:oyrg-k,wK #@) okh]bdyh
@* ,urs;yg-kh;kh d.K,yr9wrvoy9wr]u0y.Tooyt
9C,yh;wt Jd.K,yr9wr]5'yowt v,yj0y.hd.K,yr9K'yr
dKoy (official) c]h ]:'yh0y.T96b;yr,oyr]GdyT
gdjgvj,K'y]5'yr9bdyr9bdyr? l'y;khv,yj-;yh
x6b'yhvb'yd.K,yr9wr 05b;yrxGoy;wTd.K,yr9K'yrdKoy
,krd,ty;wt06b'y ,oyr0K'yh;:9yh;wKrd.kj soym6b'y
o'yjow" ]:'yhowt,oyrxGoy9K'yrsoym6b'y voy
06b;yh0y.hc]h -khs;yrd,ytmC,yp5jc9tc9t?
mC'yhxxyto6b'yh,wK #@+ okh]bdyh @(
9C,yh;wt Jd.K,yr9wrs^,yhg-kh/ ]bdyh9wrzy.,oyr"
owgl l6bxyjlxyr]C'yr;kh gxkrmwr]K9yhg9kj
9wr/ 9wrdwT-K'yr]:'yhmwr0y.Txkj]b v,yjooy
xkj]b]6o,y? gxkr9wr]K9yhg9kjmwr/ mwrl,yt
-K'yr voy9wr0y.Td.K,yr,Koyh v,yjooyg-kh
voy]6dyT9uhd.K,yr,KoyhpGoyr,kr" voy;khowt
xGoyvoy06b;yh0y.hc9tc9t? 9wrs;yroy.r,5b'yr
c-jgdkh]K9yh;kh xuho:'yt9wrvoyp5jawKj
95dyrc,ho,yt-5'yr05b;yrowt xGoy9wr,Koyhd.kjp;yt
owp;ty?
9wrs;yr05b;yrp5joy.r,5b'yrc-jgdkh gxkr
]K9yhd.K,yr9wr06b'y gxkrv,yjxkrd.K,yrc-j
v,yjxwjp;ty?gxkr;kh-;yxGoy9wrc-jow06b'y -;y
gdkhg9v,yj0K'yh;khs6b;y? ,5boyo'yjowp;yt
9wrs;yrvoyd.kj,urp5jd5h;Koyhd5h,5b'yrowt 95dyr
p5j,5b'yr]y.gdkh pGoyrd.kj0:,yr,5b'yrooyt xGoy;wt
0b5'ytow?
mC'yhmC;yo6b'yh9C,yh;wt;kh mwr9'yr]K;yr
c9t xGoy,5b'yrzy.,oyr 0y.T]bdyhzy.,oyr ]K9yh
d.K,yrzy.,oyrp5jgdkh d:xyhp5b'yhdoy/ d:xyh0y.T
xkj]b]6o'yjdoyc]h ]K9yhg9kjdoygdkh
x:'yj? voyx5b'yhdoyowt,ur95oyrlG'y? ]5b;yooyt
mwr;kh Ji" ]K;yr;kh Js" v,yjooy J]"/
mwr;kh J-\" ]K;yr;kh Jl" ooytd5Pyr?
d:xyhow-;yl:'y,5b'yrowt ]bdyhv,yjs^,yh
d.K,yrs^,yh/ s;yrgdkh]usG9yrooy;khow;wt 9Cdyj
9Cdyj]C'yr]C'yr? xwKr;5oytvoyowt xGoyxwKr;5oyt
x6oyh9kj,5b;yrokh-:'y05b;yt0K9yh9wrs;yrc]h
d;y-khsoy]ud,ytmC,yc9tc9t?
d5Pyrdkh -kh]wh]GxyhsGoyr95Pyr ]wKr
sG9yr]wKrlK'yhd:oyrg-kd,yhz:'yh ]whsoy;kh
lgzkrI9kr9'yrdKoym5xyr,6b;yr voysG9yrp5j
,K'y]:'yh,K'yx5b'yowt v,yj-5xyr'K,yjdoy? d:xyhx5b;yh
l'ygxkr;khow06b'y g-khd.K,yrg;krski,K'y95;y
owt 9wrs;yr0y.T96b;yr,kr0G,y,5b;yhxKoy0;yhakT
v6xytx5b'yj,5b'yrc]h ]5'yx:'y06b'yhg0H,5b'yr9wr
-;yv6xytx5b'yj,5b'yr,krooytp;ty? 9uh0b0,yhco
g-khd.K,yrg-kho6b'yhooty06b'y ,5boyo'yj d.K,yr
,Koyh;kh “EkdifiHawmftajccHOya'” ooyt
,5b;yhxKoy]5'yx:'y06b'yhg0H,5b'yr9wr 0.yT96b;yr
,kr;kh J';yh'kj,wK,uh06b'yh,5b'yr"? xKoy]wKr]6dyT
z6boytl,yt 0y.T96b;yr;kh J';yh-K,yjx6boyt,wK,uh
06b'yh,5b'yr" owp;yt? xKoy,5b;yh]G;yowt oy.rz6boy
]bdyhd:oyg-kl,yt 0y.T96b;yr;kh Jx5b'y';yhx6b'yr
,5b'yr" ;khow? g-khd.K,yrlK,yg-khowt g-kh]y.
l,ytv5b,yh0,yd.K,yrmwrc]h]K;yr? -khsoym6b'y
c9t g-khvoyd:oyrg-k0y.T96b;yrp5j,5b;yh]G;yowt
pb'yh-CoyrsG9yrsy>hdwpKoydoy9'yr g-khd.K,yr
xuho:'ytmwrS ]K;yr d5Pyrp;yt? d5b;yrl'y;kh
xuho:'ytmwrS]K;yrg9x:'yj0y.-;yh0y./ g9khxuh
o:'yt9wrs;yrd,yhxkho,y p'yrv,yj-;yh0y./
v,yjx:'yj0y./ d:xyhowg-khd.K,yrg;krski9wrs;yr
voyxwj,ur/ v,yjooyvoy,ur;wtd;yjd;yj05b;yrowt
l,ty xboyj]CdyhxC9yhgl v;yg;krskivoy,y.j
0y.T9Coyrp5j9bdyr9bdyr06b'y 9K'yr]K9yhc]h
9K'yrsG9yr g9v,yj-5xyr'K,yjdoy/ ]wKrsG9yr
voyowt v,yjxwj06b;yh0y.h soym6b'yo'yjow?
g-khd.K,yrg;krskidKoy,5b'yr voy9wr
s;yrxwj,urooyt v;y9uhxuho:'tymwrS]K;yr0y.T
96b;yrd.kj v,yjooyv;yd.K,yr vb'yrd]G9yh
0y.T96b;yrd.kj mK'yjg9]up5j? voy]umbl69yr
c9t v;yg-khd.K,yrxuho:'ytmwrS]K;yr 0y.T96b;yr
d.kj ]uglx5boyh soym6b'yo'yjow?
mC'yh]:'yho6b'yh o'yjs6b;yg9s<9yhm6b'y
g-khp5b'yrvKoyrd:oyrg-k Jd.K,yr9wrs^,yhg-kh/
]bdyh9wrzy.,oyr"voy;khowtl'y;khd:oyrg-k
v:oys;y-:9yjz:9yhxoy J06,yrp6dyTp:'yhab'yh
c'h9wr" voyo6b'yh 9C'yj9'yh;5'yr95jibpkj
95oyrfiurvoyo6b'yhgl 9C,yhd.K,yrlK,yxuh
o:'yt9wr/ s<'ytd.K,yrlK,yxuho:'ty9wr06b'y g90G;yr
x:'yjg-khd.K,yrdoy,krc]h g9xGoy]whp5j
soym6b'yo'yjow? Zd.K,yrowt z5h]y.gdkh05,yr
m:,yjdoyc]h g90G;yr-;yh0y.doyX
9K'yrsoym6b'y,uro'yjow
p6,yjp,yglc]h
-6oy,'yrs6'yh
,wK9:'yr ? 0;yh-khly.j;wt J-6oy" o,yr okhowt
-khv,yj0y.hxuho:'ytxv5;yr/ d;yh-khxGoy9wrc9t
c9tc]h 0'yjly.j-6oyo,yrokh 06b;yhp;yt?
9:xyjS-6oy,'yrs6'yh
-:xyh-6oyr,6oy9K'yj 9uhvoy;wT0y.py.j
0y.pK;yrgl0b0,yhco,kr 9uh0kT9uhzb9yr
v,yjdkr coxkr9uh]u9uhm6dyj?
mw:hd.K,yrvoy;kh Jx5b'y';yhx6b'yr,5b'yr" ooyt
v:dyj,kr,5b;yhxu #QQQ ? xboyjv;yd,yrl6b;yh9uh
vb'yrd]G9yhvoy;kh Constitution: the sys-
tem of laws and basic principles that
governs a country or an organization; the
condition of a body and how healthy it
is. 0'yj]whv;y0y.T96b;yr,kr9'yhc9jooyt?
m6b'y,kr #QQ% ]whd.kjs^xytm5xyr0;yh
dKoyrp:9yh ,5b;yh,oyr0;yh,krpk95;y9uhs'yr
pk,5b'yrd:dyjgl v6xyjdoy]:'yh';yr]wKr d.K,yr
]K9yh]bdyh]wKr? ,urg-khm9yrlK'y;kh voy
z5hsdyTzklk]bdyh]wKr9wr9'yr]wK -9yr0y.
sG9yrl'y,kr 9'yhc9j;wKr @+(% owt gxkrs6xyh
95Pyr06b'yS
u voysG9yr,krowt -Coyrglv,yjsG9yr
u xGoy * ob;yt95,yr @Q s^r
u ]6dyt9uhzklkd.K,yr]K9yhvoy
d5oyr9'yro,yoy.r,5b'yr9wr0y.T96b;yr
pGoyrxGoy,krd5oyrd,yhgvj0y.T96b;yr
16 Vol. 25, No. 247, 2008
L]:'yh]whv6xyjv5;yr,oyr0;yhooyt sG9yr
sy>hs;yr-kh;5oyt;kh p5b'yr,wKs;yrxGoyvoy]G;y
gl9kT gxkrv,yj]Cdyh]wKhlGoyh9K'yrgl
96b;yd.kj0:,yr]:dyr]wKrd;yj9bdyr9bdyr06b'y g9
,5boyd5oyr]5,yjv6'y pb'yh95'ytpb'yhg905,y?
,5b;yh]G;yd5oyr0K;yr-5b;yr,5b'yr9wr 05b;yr
v,yj0y.h9wr-;yp'yr;kh g,kd.K,yr9wrowt ,ur
z:oyr]udkhs6b;yooyt ,krzC;y,5b'yrmwr0'yjs^T
;khow? -;yp'yr;kh l'y;khd.K,yr9wr9K'yr95dyr
-5'yr 'wKr,5boyd.K,yr9wr9K'yrv:dyj-5'yr06b'y pb'yh
-Coyrg9,5boy]K;yr,5boymwrgl g9v:oydoy
z6bdyr]K9yh? gxkrooysksG9yrdKoygdkh'wKh
]5,y0y.? J,K'yz;yj,Koyhp'yrg9ly.j0y.o5b;y
]bdyh9wrd.K,yr9wr,kr o,y]5b;ygl]bdyh-;y
d.K,yr-;y/ d:xyh;khd.K,yr-;yowt gxkrv:dyjo:dyh,5b'yr
d.kjgdkh v,yj,ur9uh0y.TxG'yrd.K,yr9wr" ?
s;yr-kh0'yj]wh,krv6xyjv5;yrdoy;kh
]u,urlGoyh9K'yr,y.j05b'yto'yj 0;yhlb9ytm9yt
md5;yr9, 96b;yrd,y 96dytdi0ibpk ( xu
v,yj]whsoym,yrc]h ]Cdyh]wKhlGoyh9K'yr
xKoydK'y? vGoyrvKoyr96bdyTxGoy d.K,yr9wrs,yh
g-kh ]bdyh9wrs,yh95;y gl9kT lGoyh9K'yr
c9t]u]Cdyh]wKhxGoy d.K,yr9wrs^,yhg-kh ]bdyh
c9tsy>hxGoyzy.,oyr;wtd:oyj? d.K,yr9wrs^,yhg-kh
gdkh z5b;yjg9-5'ysG9yrs'yrd5Pyr sy>h9wr9K'yj
-5b;yr,krs,yhs;yrooyt 9kTs;yrd.kjs,yh9wr9K'yj
-5b;yr/ s^,yh]whdkhs6b;ygdkh c9js^,yhd.kj? gxkr
ooyd.K,yr9wrgdkh g9v,yjswKv,yjdkr g9
-6boyhpy.jczh95boyr,kr? gxkrd.K,yr9wr-6boyhpy.j
czh95boyrS-5b;yr9wrgdkh 9dyr]wh]6dyT9uh
0K9yh05,yooyt z6boytz5r-6boyh ?
0;yh]K9yh,krowt xGoyvoylK'yjm6dyj
06b;yh0y.h? s;yr-khg9]wh-5oty-6boyrmw:h,y.j voy
-5'ysG9yr,krv:oy9K'yr #QQ% ooytgl g9
]whc,r]Cdyh]wKhsy>hxGoy d.K,yr9wrs^,yhg-kh/
z5b;yjg9xy.T9wr9K'yj9uh,krs,yhg-khs;yr/ s;yr
d.kjs^,yhg-kh-;y ooytd.kj9bdyr9bdyrgvkh?
-Coyrg9khl6bxyjxoyvGoyxoysC'yr py.j
o,ygld,yr?
z5h9w:js<dyh Z@(2_2Q_X
arM,MW.uf@wdlOf@pkefhcBmb uFrfzlju.ef;
=if;,Mau;oD; nrfbrD;erfhqfgedlOfulef;yAef
aondwf;/ efg;=if;,MrD;ulef;yAef,lbauMj
nrfbugMbolbqfg;,lwf;,M q.rf;eifbykefjz.ef;
arM,MrD;? ukrfbrdkifhudefvOfjrOf;? nrfb=UwlOf
=U[mifj y.Bbylpfcdwf;yluf;cdwf;yuf; teulef;
Omefjy.ufh,.rfb eMj=if;teOD@WD@nlOf@_+ifh
zAif;cM@'M@nlOf@ac@umifOAif;? ,.efhref;
vMjvDj,Myeftvj nefvBjwBmauMjrD;
wif;erf - OMjeB/
rldOfj Oef;xd 20_06_08 emif;rsMU
nMb,k 20 yD vkufj,dif;vkif;vFif yMjnkifb
wluf;vkufjtvjugMb=if;,M? arM,Meefh nrfb
orf;,MjeAwf;,MjeMoif wAuf;zMbxFufb
ckwfbcmwfbvdyf;vdyf;vFifvFiftvj =;udlwfb
vkufjodufbumefh,.uf;,.B y.ifbzFOf=;zBmjvlif/
ugMbzBmjvlifzBmje.BU n.ufbwmif;=;vAifhvkufj
rlwf;? OBm;eefhnrfbxdkif 10 Oef; ref;emif;
vBjokwf;oAifjoBmqfgugMb-OMjeB/
cdif;arM,MeefhuBhuBh n.ufbymufbvmwfj
OMj-]zfgcfgjwBmwBm zfgcfgjvdyf;vdyf; nrfbuAOfb
oifuOf? yDje.ifhqdlOfhcdlOf;uOfnrfbyM;aoauMU/
uOfcfgj,MauMjaw,M ? uOfcfgjrOf;auMjawrOf;?
nrfbuAOfboifzfg} -OMjeB/
arM,MauMUeBh ,mrf;vAOfwMbvBjuMj
vOfj[Midkef;cOfjx.if;ydkwfbymifo.ef ZBmbwlpf;
vlulef;yAef/ arMuAyf;vkufj midwife
(n,mefbwM;zgM;) n.efb,dif; efg;OAif;
e.ufjOAif;au;oD;qdlOf;ugMbyefoAefjrBmrD; 80 yBm
uAyf;idkef;edkifjauMU 210b000 ysM;,Ofh-OMjeB/
arM,Mrmefjau;oD; ukrfbrOf;vOfj
vMjvDj,M yB.bulef;yAefvBjwBm
cOfjyuf;efg;eMjvdef qkrf;udkwf;odkuf;/
3U ayM;x.efwyfhauMj x.efn.ufbvDvD?
ayM;nrfbx.efauMj odkuf;rmefjawnOf
nAef[Fif;odkuf;v.ufbidkwfj-qArfqdlOf;eBh/
uAOfbuyf;v.ifjeBhao zljrD;qefh qkrf;
rdlif;vM;qOfjedkifjvmwfjOMj- ]z.if;,mrf;
awMjvAOfeBh odkuf;rmefjyBbayM;cAifj ayM;cFif
uMj[dkOf? idef;cmOfbOMjtwh OBm;nlOf@vdrf@ydufh
,Ofh qmifjyAefrM;xFifjvBm;edkifj-OMjeB/ [Of;
twh Zlefwluf;rdlOfjvfg wdkOf;ukyf;rdlOfjeefh
yfgUwlpf;iOf;vBm;? x.rfboAifu.if uMjq.rf;ulpf;
,Ofh}-OMjeB/
zljyuf;wMiOf;vBm;umefrldif;rd lif;wB;
qOfjekdifjvmwfjOMj-]Zlefwluf;rdlOfjvfg wdkOf;
ukyf;rdlOfjeefhtwhqfgj,lb? ulpf;uMj qlOfjZlef
yBbwluf;eefh awwdkOf;oif nrfbeef uifj
q.ifjtebOBwlpf/ eifb[dkOfydlefjaw nrfbnlrf
ndkefqdlOfhqmwfjeefh xkufbvD[mifj[Fef; ukyf;
wlpfOBhqdlifh[dkOfeefh yAefv.ifjcdkufhvdkufhokwf;}-
OMjeB/ ¾
l6bxyj,krokhS@%
zlj[ufhqmwfjurfjerfvMj/ rmifzOfb-awMj
odkuf;[mefzljrD;qefhefg; SSA y.wf;+ifburfj
z.ifj ayM;nrfbcfgj=Uquf;w.if;udkrf; yMbwDb
rfgbokifqdkifjwB;,Ofh/
zljn.ef=Of SSA y.wf;+ifb cOfqOfj
twh ayM;xdkifOef;udlwfbyMbwDbrM; uBUuBU[Awf;
ymifckuf;xlyf;wDjoFifuFOfh? Omefj[B;? v.BzM-
erfhvefj qdlOf;eBh,lb/ v.ifjauMbwifjyMbwDb
rfgbokifqdkifjwB; SSPP rM;eefh ,dlif;nmef;
wMb{julef;rdlif;vBjcOfj=rfjefg;umefyBm;rdlif;
vBm;vkufhzdkefh? wMbnOfumefrldif;n.ufbqdkOfj
erf;eMjumefodkuf; - qOfjqmifh ,.if=pfj?
qOfjoFifodkuf; cOfqOfjqdlOf;n.ef=OfauMb
wifjyMbwDbz.if;eefh ,mrfjvmwfjeifbeB/
qOfjodlOfbOBmb (nrfbeef) qOfjqmifh ,mrfj
yAefzljy.ifumefyMbwDb/ OBm;qOfjoFifjodkuf;,Ofh
qOfjnkif;y.ifb ([dkOf) qOfjodlOfcefb nef
wluf;okrf;eMjodkuf; 5_12_1978 wif;qOfj
ydkef;wB; nefwluf;okrf; rdlOfjyD 1985 cOfo.if
qOfjodkyfbyAef=OfyOfjyMbwDbrM;/ ¾
l6bxyj,krokhS@#
Shan Herald Agency for News 17
INDEPENDENCE
05b'yrl6bdyrl6oyr06b;yj (The Art of War
by Sun Tzu) @$ doyc9t p;yt95;yhd.kjp;yt?
v,yjo,ygdkhgvj g9,urz:oyr]ug9kjz5h
vKoyjs;yrp5j? gxkrvKoyjp;ytg,k;5oyt0:,yr
06b'y g9soy;kh,oyr0y.T96b;yr]whoy.rdKoyl6bdyr
d5Pyrv,yj0y.h/ 0y.T96b;yr]whoy.rdKoy,5b'yr dKoy
,Kdyh,urc]h ]wK9uh]wK9K'yr? ,6'yh,:'yr;kh g9
0K'yhvb9yj]whxGoyxxyts'yr,oyrgl v:dyj05r
lwK9kz5hvKoyj 05b;yrl5oy0y.mC'yhd,yro6b'yh?
9'yhc9j]5boyowtd.kj ;5oyt;wT;khg9v;y
xxyt Jg9sG9yrs6b;y,urv5PyrgdkT c]h 06'y
0oy0y.d5oyr" (How to win friends and
influence people) voy Dale Carnegie
9C,yhx6boy0G,y,5b;yh @+$) s6b'y,kr )Q xuxwKp;yt
gdkh p'yr]GxyhsGoyr0y.T96b;yr]wh ,urz:oyr]u
s'yrzy.,oyr? ;wKr,5b'yr,Koyh]whd:oyrg-kp;ytgdkh
0:,yz:'yr]5'y v5ro6 9'yh06b;yh;kh rdwWAvËDumZ]wKr,urgdkTglho,yXowgl sy>hv;yl:oy
oy.rs'yrsGoyr]5rd:oyj?
vGoyrvKoyr,oyr0;yh ]CxyhxGoy9kj
z6bdyrd5oyro6,yjd5h05b;yt-5b;yrz:,yts,yhdoyx5dyrx:'y
;Koyh,5b'yr?
d5Pyrdkh v,yjsoyz:oyr]ul'ygl
;:9yh ;wKrpGoyswKd.kjoy.rs^'yrsGoyr?
gxkr;5oty95Pyr p:oytl'yxGoyooyd.kjow
gdkh g9soy]:'yhp5xyhp:,yr]wKx5b'y?
q -5rl:oyg,kl:oy-;yowt pbxyrxxtyvKoyj
p;ytgl,krl:oyxoydoyd5Pyr? 95;y-;y
v,yj]whsxytdKoyz6bdyrl:oy]u?
q 95;yv5ro6d5Pyrgdkh p:oytdKoyo,yc]h
]5'y]6b,yrv,yj]wh0y.T96b;yr05b'yr voy
,oyr0;yhxboyjzklk;wtxoy?
q sG9yrooygl d.K,yrl'yjl:oyx:oyh05b;yr
ooytgdkh v;ygdTd.kj d5oyr9'yro,y
v,yj0y.T96b;yr? zy.0K,yr0y.T96b;yrgdkh m6dyjd5b;yt
]Goyhc]h v,yjs9yr0y.Tdoy? ]uglr]wKc9t
c9t?
0'yj;kh06b'yh,5b'yrs,yh96,y voyz5ho,yr
-K'y -\K'yr 9wr ,Koyh v:oydoygdkj9'yh,kr,5b;yh
@+%) owt m6b'y,kr @+(# gdkh ]wh]6]C;yd.kj
g9kjm6b'y,5b;yh]G;y?
z5h9C,yhl6b;ytvKoyjgldGxyr;wT 0G,y,5b;yh
]y.,5b;yh]u/ v,yj]wh05dyr,krz6Pyjczhxoy
z5hvKoyjs;yr? m6b'y,krxuowt d5hawKjawKj xkrdoy
-9yr0y.g9x5dyr9'yh-6boyh ]:'yhz:,yts^,yh9wr/
]:'yhz:,yts^,yh,5b'yr9wrowc]h 0'yj,kr;5oyt;kh
g9]wh9C,yhl'y o'yjs6b;yg9xGoy 9K'yrd,ty
0w:h 9uhvoyd5hawKj-9yr0y.? 0'yj,krsoyxxyt
owtp;ty?
]:'yhz:,yts^,yh9wrowt sG9yr,kr]wKx:dyh
]wK-kr? sG9yrpKxyjsG9yrpGoyr/ 06b'yl,ytdw:'wKh
okj? gxkrm9yrlK'y95Pyr05b;yrowt06b'y g9
soy]:'yh9K'yr]wKx5b'y o'yjd;yj?
u ';yr]wKrsG9yrsy>h9CdyjpCdyh c9j0G,yawKj
-:,yH,b;yHob9yt 9'yr awKjfuH,:dyH-giH
luH ? awKjdkTpkhc]h awKjv,yjs9yrdkTpkh?
awKjd6b9yrl6bdyrc]h awKjv,yjd6b9yrl6bdyr?
u z5h-Goygdkh-9yr0y.l5oyrcljv;ypwKh?
u z5ho,yr9wrs;yrgdkh v,yjg,k]GoyhgdkT
doy? m6b'y9uh 0;yhlwK,5b'yr ,'yriwKr gxkr
9C,yh;kh z5ho,yr9wrs;yrowt gxkrd5oyro:dyhc9t
p:,yrsxyt'wKh'wKh? gxkrs;yro'yjdoyc9t d5b;yrl'y
;khg9p:,yrsxytdoy 9kTp:,yr9wK/ xGoy]C9yj
gdkh v,yj9Kdyj-;yh/ xGoy0;yhgdkh v,yjp:,yr
d5,yhg9kjdoy?
g-khp5xyhp:,yrawKj]'yowt xkr0G,yz5h
9C,yh 96boyr,ur,kr? g90K'yh;khgdkjlK'yh,kr
]:'yhz:,yts^,yh @+_$S+* voy]6]C;yd.kj
ooyt o,yo,ygvjgvjg9xkr]5Pyhz5h9C,yh
z:'yhp5j?
0'yj;kh ]whdGxyr9uh]u9uhp,y,oyrgl
,krxboyjzklkxoy x5b;yh9kjs;yr9'yrlG'yh
xkr0G,yz5h9C,yh ]GxyhsGoyr;5oyt-:xyh0y.T96b;yr
z6bdyrl:oyxoydoyd.kj?
g,k]5'y Dale Carnegie c9t coto,yr
;khS
u sy>hvKoyj0:,yr doy]y.doyooyt]u]u?
9'yr,59yr,ur $Q doy?
u ;5oyt]u]u;kh g90y.T96b;yr]wh05b;yts6b;y?
u v;y0y.T96b;yroy.r96b;yt9K'yr voyd5b9yj
,ur,kr? 0y.TxGoyd5h,6b;yr ZHandbook
xxytdC,y,6b;yrX 9kjcdhxoyskd5h;oyr?
u ;wTv5PyrgdkT0,y0y. 9kjg9xy.T9dyT;kh
s;yrsG9yrzb9yrd.K,yrl'yjl:oy05b;yts6b;y?
gxkr]whm6dyj9dyT,5b;yh]y. sy>h,C'yjxoy
'6boyr0wKj,oyr?
voyz5hxboyjzklk-y.h0b,ymC'yhc9tS
gxkr;khsTp;ytv;yd.kjl:oyxoydoy? gxkrl:oy
xoy95;yd;yj-Coyr9:'yr -Coyrg,k -Coyr0y.T96b;yr
c]h -Coyr]whz:oyr]ux6oyh95;yd;yj vbdyj
05b;yt-5b;yr ooytp;yt?
xxytawKj9wrowt 9'yh06b;yh;wt 05b'yrsdyT
x:'yj;kh ]wKr9kjg9sG9yrsy>hsdyTdoy? gxkrs;yr
sdyTdoy ]:'yhz:,yts,yhs;yrgdkh g9,oyhd6b,yr?
q q q
qldif;[ufhcM@euD@ (Carnegie)
How to win friends and influence people
Ph
oto
: w
eb
site
18 Vol. 25, No. 247, 2008
L
doyo6b'yh
lzk;d5oyrd,yho,yowt s^;yxKdyj ++
d,yr d5b9yjxoysk,kr v,yjsoy9uhzb9yr95;y
d;yj? v,yj;khd5oyr]us6b;y gdkTvoy95'yj;5'yr
d5oyr;khxGoyd5oyrswKT?
,5b;yh;oyrmb ) ]5boyg,H @+$@ x]bdyh
;G'yrob;yHp:dyT9b]wh Jd:'yhl:'y];yr" -¤5;yH
g]H (“Two Gun” Crowley) ;wKrx6b9yrp6b;yr
doy 05;yh,5'yrxwK?
9K'yrx]bdyh-;y;khS ,oyr0wKrowt gxkr
]:'yh9kjsC,yx5boyh9wK ,6b;yr;wrokj? d:oyjokhg9
d5b9yj]5b'yhooyt ,oyr9'yr06,oyr 96bdyTv6xyj
]Goyhdoyp5j9uh ]:'yHvwH]CoyH (Long
Island) ,urx]bdyhgdkTo6b'yhxw,krgl p:oyr
95Pyr;y.gskhdkr (Driver's License) ,oyr?
-¤5;yHg]H v,yj9dyrlG'yl'y 0dyTd:'yhp6b;yr
d,yr]G;y? gxkrp;ty ]Kdyhv;yd:'yhx]bdyh gdkT
voy]5,y tv;y0y.p5jooyt p6b;yrly.jmC'yh
d,yro6b'yh?
d5Pyrdkh ,5b;yh9b]wh,oyrowt ]whsoyxkr
g0ho6dyr]5b9yh,K'yo6b'yh voy,oyr9C,yh;wT
,5b;yhp6b;yrdoy95b;yt,K9yj? J9y.hl5b;yhd;y-khowt
,urs^;y0y.voys^b;yto5oyr/ xGoys^;y0y.voyg,k
gvr]5/ v,yj,ur0y.-y.hsG9yr-Goyg9kjzy.?"
,ur-¤5;yHg]H gdkT]G;yd5Pyrs6b;y soy
m6b'y95;yd;yj05b;ytooy? d5oyr05b;yr]whm6dyj
9K,yj9wK 9uh-:dyh]5'ylb'yrlb'yr (Sing Sing)
9uhob;yHp:dyTooytgdkh xGoyooyd5Pyr/ z5h
d6,yr-:dyhgdkTo6b'yh-whco?
d5oyrswKTd5Pyrs6b;y ,5boyooy/ d5oyr]u
9'yro,ygdkhxGoyooy? d:xyh;kh ,oyrxGoy
lzk;d5oyrd,yho,y? gxkr]whm6dyjcorm6dyj
x:'yt06b'y v,yjl5h;wT0y.pGoyglm9yrlK'y-6boyr
95;yd;yj? 0y.owtg9d6b'ytdK'yt]5b9yj,krgl c-
95;yd;yj;kh v,yj0y.h95;yd;yjxGoygdkTzb9yr?
,5b;yhxu @_%# vCxyH[ikHs,yH ]b'yH
-oyH (Abraham Lincoln) gdkTvoyc9j
xGoy0:,y06b'yh]5'y 06b;yhs^'ysK'yr ,5b'yrs^,yh96,y
vg,Hib-5b;yH ,5b;yh @_(QS(* ,krooyt 9C,yh
]bdyhcltl:,yrodyTdKoy,5b'yrgdkTo6b'yh 06b;yh
dG\,yHly l\uH]y (James Shields) m6b'y9uh
gdkTooyts<'yt9kT 9kjg9kjl5hdoy95;yg9kj
95;y g9kjm6b'y9wK? ]b'yH-oyH v,yj-y.hg9kj
l5hgl9kT v,yj0K'yhc;h]wh/ d:xyh;kh,oyr
xGoyab'yhxKoyooyt? gxkr96,yt95b;yt06b;yhlG'y
okh9kdoy06b'y 9dyrv;ylwK0y.0u;b9yt]Cdyh
doy? d5Pyrdkhm6b'y,kr;oyrpK,yr voy-kl:'y
gdkTg9aoyrdoyooyt ,urd5oyr,kr0w:h];yj
0w:h;:oyr9'yrl:'yawKj sy>hsKoyt0y.gl ]5b'yh,oyr
gdkhp;ty95;yhd.kj?
]5b'yhooyt xoyg-khl'yjl:oy voy
]b'yH-oyH v,yj]6b,yrg9kj05;yhvkp6l69yr
lG'yh dG;yj]5Pyh]:'yh]GoyhgdkTd5oyr? ]bdyh
clTcorgdkh v,yj9C,yhmC'yhglx:dyh? d.K,yr
cltl:,yrgdkh v,yjl5h]K9yhmC'yhglx:dyh?
,5b;yhx5boyh9'yro,y v:oydoyx:'yt]kjd5oyr,5b'yr
x:9yr0Koyr 05b;yr-6b'yzK9yjv:dyjooytgdkh
]b'yH-oyH ;kh Jv,yj9Kxyh;khs'yr-;y/ gxkr
s;yrp5j9y.h';yr]wKr05b'yt-;y s;yrgdkh0K'yhsG9yr
,5boy-;yp5j?"
d;y-kh0'yj;kh z5b;yjg9corx5boyh cor
95;yd;yj-6boyrgl c,r95;yd;yj v,yj]u]5b;y
s6b;y? d:xyh;kh o6b'yhS,oyr,urz:oyr]u/ l:'yS
,oyrv,yj,urgzr-Goy/ lK,ySv,yj]whl6,yr
v5PyrgdkT?
Jpkj-K'yr]:'yh,5Pyg-kj o5b;y]'y-kr
s^boyrx5boyh/ ,5b;yh9K'yr-;yhzdyr950;yhowt;6dyT
;6Pyrp5j" Z-5'y06b;yjX
gxkrsG9yrdKoyawKjz:'yr9K'y (diplo-
macy) dKoy,5b'yr (politics) ow pb'yh-Coyr]u
l9bpy.j ]:'yhcltcordoy?
z:'yr,5b;yh [CoyHd\,boyH aiC'yH-]boyH
(Benjamin Franklin) 96bdyto6,yjowt dwT]K9yh
9:dyjl6b;yh/ d5Pyrdkhpy.j,krowt g,k]GoyhgdkT
x5boyhokjc]h ]whsxyt9C'yj9'yhsy>hxGoyz:'yr
9K'yd.kj,5b'yrai'yjlG9yh 9kjl5oyr96,y,5b'yr
ooyt ,kr0w:h96bdyrvb'yrd]G9yh? z;yjooyt
vg,HibdoyH p'yr96bdyt]6dyTz6boytvb'yrd
]G9yhp5j? ,oyr0;yhpK,yh;kh Jd;y-khg9
v,yj;kh0kTzy.? d5Pyrdkh9K'yr]uvoy-kh
sT]:'yhd5hgdkTooyt d;y-kh96boyrg9]K9yh?"
]u0kT
05b;yrs;yr g9v;y]:'yhz:,tys^,yhgdkh
g9khooy? gxkrv:dyjxKdyjd.K,yrcordoy06b'y
v,yj0y.hgdkTo6b'yhgdkh mC'yhgdkTo6b'yh 0K'yh
g9kT9wj-whcodoy? d.K,yr0kTowt gxkrgdkT
o6b'yh]K9yhvb9yro6b'yh/ mC'yhgdkTo6b'yh0K'yh
,krxGoyl:'yvb9yr/ ]wKgdkTgdkh g9xGoy
]wKvb9yrgl g9v,yj,ur;oyr]udoy]wh?
0'yj;kh
]dyrdKoy @
pkjx:'yt/ pkj]kj/ pkjcor
cfgjvBjerfhzkdifj nrfbwmyfj,lif;=if;ref;
vCxyH[ikHs,yH ]b'yH-oyH
Ph
oto
: w
eb
site
Ph
oto
: w
eb
site
dG\,yHly l\uH]y
Shan Herald Agency for News 19
INDEPENDENCE
d.K,yrl:oy,5b'yrx5boyh
(2) Polarities Z]dyrdKoylxyrzb9yrX
Striving to be beautiful makes a person uglyThe braggart probably feels small and insecureWho would be first ends up last
* The wise leader does not push to make things happenBut allows process to unfold on its own
The Tao of leadership, John Heider (1985)
u c,rsK'yhokj 0K'yhsK'yh0kT,5boy]b'yr
l,yj,Coyv59yjvK9yjokj 0K'yhxGoy9uh]5,;y
sbxyhs<oytokj 0K'yh95dyr]6boyr]'y
u 0'yj;kh z5ho,yr]u v,yjz6b9ytv,yjvursy>hd5b9yj]5b'yh/
d5Pyrp5jx5xKdyhxw:jsy>h]5b'yh,oyrd5b9yj-6boyh,kr
0:,yr-dyTdKoy,oyr
]wKrv:oys;y-:'y ];yj06b;yj
x6boyrx:9yr9;ty
9;yt95b;yd\b'yr Zm,yr]:'yhlGoyh9K'yrc]hvGoysC'yrX owt p6,yjp,ydoy;kh9C,yh]5Pyh ];yj06b;yj 0;yhxwKrsTvoysb;yhsb'yr,5b;yhxus;yxKdyj %
d,yhz:'yh;kh xus^;yxKdyj ( d:oyj-ib9yt/ xGoyxKoy]G;ydoy9'yr0;yhlb9yt99ytmd5;yr9, x69ytm0;yh9'yr -5'y06b;yj Z**@S%)+ BCX
9'yr l6oyr06b;yj gdkT9C,yh05b'yrl6bdyr l6oyr06b;yj (The Art of War) ? xxyt 9;yt95b;yd\b'yr owt ,urgvkr0kjo5b;yxxyt05b'yrl6bdyr-:'y l6oyr06b;yj
c9tc9t/ g9]whsoy9uhvoyl:oysy>hd5oyrd5hgdkT 0:,yrlzk;o,ytgl -6b'yx:'ylGoyh9K'yr-6boyhpy.j,y.jl6'y95;yd;yj?
l6b;yr,kj-\Coy Z@%*S_( BCX 9C,yh;wt;kh ,oyr0;yhxGoyz:'yr]5'ygdkTo6b'yh? d:xyh9K'yrsTpy.jc]h v,yjx6b9yjs'yrsGoyrgl9kT ,ur]6dyhlb9yj
]6dyhsGoyro,y? ;wKrowt,5b;yj0Koyh-5r;G'yrgl -ujdw.Krv:dyj,5b'yrd.kj;oyr95dyr? ,krm6b'y]Coy]boyp;yt d5oyrxy.TpK,yr06b;yh pboytl6b;yj (Yin Hsi)
mK,ydGxyr-:oyj? 0'yjsT;khxGoy ];yj06b;yj owc]h v:oyh;:oyrsy>h9C,yhxoyd.K,yrl:oy,oyr0;yh? gxkrpboytl6b;yj ]whvKoyjp;ytgdkh v:dyjdKoygl
d.kj0:,yr ];yj06b;yj ;khow?
d.K,yrl:oy,oyr0;yh voy'wKrd.K,yrl:oyx69ytm0;yh,uro,y? c-jd,yhz:'yhp'yrp6,yj;kh ];yj06b;yj owt xGoyIlkjx69ytm0;yh]5rd:oyj?
d.K,yr9C9yh
oy.rdkh9wr9'yrlG'yh voyv,yj]wh9wj05bdyh06boyj95;y pkjsy>h95dyrlwKT95dyr-.kowt,ur mwr 9'yr ]K;yr d5Pyr? d:xyh;khx5boyh,ur;Koyh,ur,5b'yr
]6,yhakTvbdyj,5b'yrpy.j,5b'yr]5'ysb,yrs<,yr sxyts<'yr;wt?
x5boyh;khd.K,yrswKgdkh-5b;yr9wK/ 0'yj;kh05b;yrs;yrsdyT9wrd5h9uh9uhgdkh -9yr0y.p5js'yrzy.,oyr/ x5b;yh9kjp6dyTp:'yhx5dyrx:'yd.K,yr9wrs;yr?
,oyrxGoydKoyvoy,6oyl6'y ]up:'yhgpkr? -;yhxkroy.r,'yjd]kj $_ voyx69ytm0;yh l'yjl:oy;wT?
d5Pyrdkh 0;yhlb9yt99ytm -6b'yx:'y96dydi 0ibpk ]wKr-k95;y0y.,krooyts6b'yoKoyr ( xugdkh v,yjsoym6b'y9uhp:9yhs<9yh9uhxwK
v:'yjgxtc]h dkh]whsklGoyh9K'yr,y.j? 0'yj,krsoy;kh JlwK,oyr-G'yhokj 0K'yh-K9yj/ lwK,oyrpKoyrokj v,yjxGoyd.K,yr"/ 0'yj]wh]Cdyh]wKh
lGoyh9K'yr,y.j lGoyh9K'yrxKoydK'y voys<'yt;kh lu] l,kmb xPk ?
9wrs;yr-6b'yx:'ydKoy05b;yt0K9yh;Koyh,5b'yr dKoyzklk lklok ,krgdkh xGoy]wKrd;yj]wKr]G;y,krs6b'ypK;yh? dKoyzklkd.K,yr]K9yh]bdyh]wKr
owt pb'yh-Coyrs6b'ygdkh;kh]wh? 0G,y,5b;yhxwj]whd:oyrg-ksKoytg9kj;oyr,5b;yh]G;y?
s;yr,urxuh,uro:'ytp5jsb,yr0,y 0,y]5b;yxuho:'yt9wrvks,y-;y? ,ursK;yr9kjs;yrg99K;yrlwKT9K;yr-.kgl 9wjd.kj9K'yrokh/ l,ytd6,yj96b;y9oy
x6b'yh95;yd;yjgdkT]G;y-b'yrd5Pyrgl 9wjv5b'yjvK'yv:'yjvC'yp5jowt 0:'yjg9zC;y]wh9uhvGoyrvKoyrM? z5h]y.sdyT9wrgdkh -y.hsy>h9:'yhmK,y95Pyr
95;yd;yj?
vb'yrd]G9yh mwr lG'yv:dyj 9wr;kh]wh mw:h9wr2,Koyhvoy0y.Tp5j
Blueprint �������⌫ zb,yH-G;y zb,yr-G;y zCoypw:h/ zCoydKoypw:h
Bluff �� �� zk-\oyH zk0oyr ]kjskT/ ]kjdKoyt
Bluff ����� ����� ]:dyj/ d]C'yt ]:dyjdC'yh S
Blunder ���������� -.K,yrzb9yjz]K9yt ]:'yhzb9yrx]K9yh ]:'yhzb9yrzCdyj/ ]:'yhzb9yrx5b'yh
Blunt ���� m6b;yt m6b;yt m6b'yt/ m6b'ytm6b;yt/ m6b'ytm6b;y
Blur ��������!� m,yHswTzikT sG9yrsy>hz5b;yhzkh S
Blush �������� �� okTfC'yH/ vwKH okh]C'y/ vwK S
Bluster ����!����� z9yrpK'yjiC'yH z9ytly.jsC'yr S
Boarder �����⌫������� odyriuHFpoyHdboyHo:oyH odyTsGoyrdboyo:oyr ]6dyhsGoyrdboyo:oyr
Boarding school "����⌫������� ¤5'yHiuHFpoyHdboyHo:oyH s^'yrsGoyrdboyo:oyr gxkj9kj
eifjnrfbxkufb vkufhao
If sitting is not all right, stand up.
�������� � ���⌫����
txkdifaeom;rus=&yfumxvkduf
