CONDITIONALS (TYPE 1, 2 AND 3)

Kondicionalne rečeniceSu složene rečenice koje koristimo da bi

govorili o situacijama koje su moguće u sadašnjosti ili budućnosti (Tip 1), o zamišljenim situacijama u sadašnjosti ili budućnosti (Tip2) ili o zamišljenim situacijama u prošlosti (Tip 3).

Sastoje se iz dve proste rečenice od kojih jedna izražava uslov, a druga rezultat.

Conditional Type 1

If + present simple / will + inf.Lisa has lost her watch. Sue tells her: “If I

find it, I’ll let you know.”If rečenica uvek izražava uslov (“ako ga

nađem”), a druga rezultat (“javiću ti”).Tip 1 izražava situaciju koja je realna,

moguća u sadašnjosti ili budućnosti.Na srpski se prevodi kao:Ako+ prezent / futurAko ga nađem, javiću ti.

PrimeriIf we invite Bill to the party, we ___________

(have to invite) his friends too.If I catch the early bus, I ___________ (not be

late) for the exam.If I see Kate today, I _____________ (tell) her

the good news.

Conditional Type 1Ponekad se umesto Present Simple, u if

rečenici može upotrebiti Present Continuous ili Present Perfect:

If we're expecting visitors, the flat will need a good clean.

If you've finished with the computer, I'll put it away.

U glavnoj rečenici obično je will. Ali mogu se koristiti i drugi modalni glagoli (e.g. can).

If you haven't got a television, you can't watch it, can you?

If Henry jogs regularly, he might lose weight. If Matthew is going to a job interview, he

should wear a tie.If rečenica je obično prva, ali može da bude i

posle glavne rečenice.If I hear any news, I'll phone you./I'll phone you if

I hear any news.

Kondicional 1 koristi se za ponude i predloge:If you need a ticket, I can get you one. If you feel like seeing the sights, we can take

a bus tour. Kao i za upozorenja i pretnje:If you go on like this, you'll make yourself ill. If you don't apologize, I'll never speak to you

again.

Zero ConditionalIf you heat water, it boilsPonekad se Present S. koristi u obe rečenice.

Naziva se nulti kondicional:If you heat water, it boils. If Daniel has any money, he spends it.If you press this switch, the computer

comes on.Znači da jedna stvar automatski sledi iz

druge (jedan uslov uvek dovodi do istog rezultata).

Conditional Type 2If + past simple / would + inf.If I found a wallet in the street, I would take it to

the police station.Tip 2 izražava situaciju koja nije realna: ovde se

samo zamišlja uslov i rezultat, ne očekuje se da se to i desi.

Iako koristimo prošlo vreme, ne govorimo o prošlosti, već o zamišljenoj situaciji u sadašnjosti ili budućnosti.

Srpski: Kad bi / potencijal (bih, bi) ili Da + prezent / potencijal

Kad bih našao novčanik na ulici, odneo bih ga u policiju.

Da nađem novčanik na ulici,...

PrimeriIf there __________ (be) an election tomorrow,

who would you vote for?They would be offended if I ____________ (not

go) to their party.If they offered me the job, I _____________

(take) it.If we caught the 10.30 bus, we ______________

(arrive) too early.

U if rečenici uvek koristimo past simple. U drugoj rečenici, umesto would, moguće je upotrebiti might/could.

If you took more exercise, you would feel better (=I’m sure of it.)

If you took more exercise, you might feel better. (=it’s possible that you would feel better.)

If it stopped raining, we would go out.If it stopped raining, we could go out. (=we

would be able to)

Type 2 (nastavak)Često je nerealna situacija koja se zamišlja,

suprotna od stvarne.Sarah wants to phone Polly, but she can’t do

this, because she doesn’t know her number. She says: “If I knew her number, I would phone him.”

U stvarnosti, ona ne zna broj telefona. Ovaj kondicional odnosi se na sadašnjost.

PrimeriTom would read more if he had more time. (=

but he doesn’t have more time.)We wouldn’t have any money if we didn’t

work. (=but we work.)If I didn’t want to go to the party, I wouldn’t

go (= but I want to go.)It would be useful if you could drive. (= but

you can’t.)

I wish I knewI wish (“želeo/la bih”) je izraz koji izražava

žaljenje govornika što situacija u sadašnjosti nije onakva kakvu bi želeli.

I wish I knew his phone number. (= I don’t know it and I regret this.)

It’s raining! I wish I had an umbrella.Iako se iza I wish koristi past simple, zapravo

se govori o sadašnjosti:Pada kiša! Želela bih / Bar da imam kišobran.

PrimeriDo you ever wish you could fly? (Da li nekad

poželiš da umeš da letiš?)It rains a lot here. I wish it didn’t rain so

often. (Ovde često pada kiša. Bar da ne pada tako često.)

I wish I didn’t have to work tomorrow, but unfortunately I do. (Bar da ne moram da radim sutra, ali nažalost moram.)

I wish I had something to read. (Bar da imam nešto da čitam.)

If I were / if I wasPosle if i wish, može se koristiti were (past

tense od glagola to be) u svim licima. Tako se može reći:

If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that coat. Ili If I was you...

I would go out if it weren’t so cold. Ili if it wasn’t...

I wish Carol were here. Ili Carol was here.

Conditionals 1 and 2Type 1: If you have a lie-down, you'll feel

better.Type 2: Ifl had a million pounds, I'd

probably buy a yacht.Present S. (have) odnosi se na moguću

radnju u budućnosti.Past S. (had) odnosi se na nerealnu radnju. If I had a million pounds znači da zapravo

nemam milion funti, samo zamišljam da imam.

Uporedi:Type 1: If we take the car, we'll have to

pay for parking.Type 2: If we took the car, we'd have to

pay for parking.Ovde se obe rečenice odnose na moguću

radnju u budućnosti. Ali tip 2 označava manju verovatnoću da se se radnja dogoditi. If we took the car može da znači da smo odlučili da ne pođemo kolima.

Conditional Type 3If + Past Perfect / would have + past

participleIf the road had not been icy, the accident

would not have happened.Za razliku od kondicionala 2, kondicional 3

odnosi se na prošlost, tj. na zamišljenu, nerealnu situaciju u prošlosti.

I didn’t see you when you passed me in the street. (realna situacija u prošlosti). If I had seen you, I would have said hello. (nerealna)

Uporedi:I’m not hungry. If I was hungry, I would eat

something. (sada)I wasn’t hungry. If I had been hungry, I

would have eaten something. (u prošlosti)Srpski: Da + perfekt / potencijal2: Nisam gladna. Da jesam, pojela bih nešto.3: Nisam bila gladna. Da sam bila, pojela

bih nešto.

Tip 3 se koristi da se govori o prošlim događajima kao da su se odigrali drugačije nego što je stvarno bilo. Koristi se za prekorevanje, kritikovanje, kajanje zbog nekog prošlog događaja:

If you'd been a bit more careful, you wouldn't have cut yourself.

If Matthew had set his alarm clock, he wouldn't have overslept.

If I hadn't fallen ill and missed the interview, I might have got the job.

Past Perfect se koristi iza I wish na isti način:

I wish something had happened = I’m sorry that it didn’t happen.

I wish I’d known Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him. (Bar da sam znala da je Gari bolestan. Otišla bih da ga posetim.)

I feel sick. I wish I hadn’t eaten so much cake.

NapomeneUmesto would have, možemo koristiti i

could/might have:If the weather hadn’t been so bad, we would

have gone out.... we might have gone out. (perhaps we

would have gone out.)... we could have gone out. (we would have

been able to go out.)

PrimeriSkraćeni oblik i za would i za had glasi ‘d:If I’d seen you, I’d have said hello.I decided to stay home last night. I’d have

gone out if I hadn’t been so tired.If he’d been looking where he was going, he

wouldn’t have walked into the wall.The view was wonderful. If I’d had a camera

with me, I’d have taken some photographs.

Type 2 and 3Uporedi:Type 2: If you planned things properly,

you wouldn't get into a mess. (You don't plan.)

Type 3: If you had planned things properly, you wouldn't have got into a mess. (You didn't plan.)

Mixed ConditionalsTip 2 i 3 mogu se kombinovati u rečenici

(kombinovani kondicional). Tada se tip 2 odnosi na sadašnjost, a tip 3 na prošlost.

If you had planned things at the start, we wouldn't be in this mess now.

If you hadn't left all these dirty dishes, the place would look a bit tidier.

If Matthew was more sensible, he would have worn a suit to the interview.

If I didn't have all this work to do, I would have gone out for the day.

Type 2 and type 3 ► Mike: You look tired. Harriet: Well, if you hadn't woken (you / not / wake) me up in the

middle of the night, I wouldn't be (I / not be) so tired. 1 Rita: Is Trevor a practical person? Laura: Trevor? No, he isn't. If ..........……………………. (he / be)

practical, …………………………….(he / put) those shelves up a bit quicker. It took him ages.

2 Tom: Why are you sitting in the dark? David: Let's just say that if............................................. (I / pay)

my electricity bill last month, ......................................... (I / not be) in the dark now.

3 Matthew: Why are you so angry with me? All I did yesterday was play basketball.

Emma: If ............................................(you / love) me, ……………….(you / not / leave) me here all alone on my birthday.