Barcode Training Handout

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Barcoding

Dr. Raj Mohan

for

MSMEDI, Coimbatore

[email protected]

• Bar Code

• Why use barcodes?

• Barcode types and use

• Choosing the best barcode type to use

• Products available for printing barcodes

• Reading barcodes• Barcode Terminology

• How it works? & Machines

• Applications

• Different Bar Code System

• How to Register for Bar Code

• Financial support



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Why use barcodes?

During 1960s, barcodes were used in

industrial work environments.

Early implementations of barcodes included

the ability identify rail road cars.

In 1970s, common barcodes startedappearing on grocery shelves.

To automate the process of identifying

grocery items, UPC barcodes were placed on

products.

Today, barcodes are just about everywhere

and are used for identification in almost all

types of business.



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Benefits

• Accuracy of Data

• Zero Human Error

• Easy Monitoring

• Easy Traceability

• Higher Productivity

Barcode types and use

The type of barcode to use for a particular situation

depends upon:

1. The use.

2. The data encoded in the barcode.

3. How the barcode will be printed.Symbologies are the types of barcode standards

for different purposes.

Each type of symbology (or barcode type) is a

standard that defines the printed symbol and

how a device, such as a barcode scanner, reads

and decodes the printed symbol.



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Barcode standards define how to use the

barcode symbology in a particular situation.

ISBN is a standard for labeling books and

periodicals as per EAN-13 symbology.

There are two types of barcodes

Linear barcodes 2D barcodes

Code 128 Data Matrix

UPC PDF417

Interleaved 2 of 5 Maxicode



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Some established barcode industry standards include:

AIAG Automotive itemidentification

Data Matrix

UPCA, EAN13 Items for saleworldwide

UPC/EAN

MIL-STD-130L US Department ofdefense

Data Matrix

SSCC-18 Shipping cartons Code 128

Established Standard Common Use Symbology

Snapshot of a software which helps in

creating barcode

Minimum

size is

29.83 x 21

mm (W, H)



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Choosing the best barcode type to use

Determining the best type of barcode to use

depends on the environment, requirements,

application, and printer.

When dealing strictly with barcode fonts, there

are two types:

1.Fonts that require encoding with use of afont tool (Code 128, UPC, Data Matrix,Code 93)

2.Fonts that do not require encoding. Self-checking fonts (Code 39, Codabar)

Products Available for Printing Barcodes

Determining the best product to use for printing depends on

the environment, requirements, application and printer.

Several methods for printing barcodes are provided below.

Barcode Fonts

Applications

Components

Hosted Services (Dynamic Barcode Generator Service or

XML Barcode Webservice)



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Font Size StyleArial Narrow 7 Normal + Bold

Line Printer 7 Normal + Bold

Letter Gothic (PCL6) 7 Normal + Bold

Impact 7 Normal

Haettenschweiler 7 Normal



Clarendon Condensed (PCL6) 7 Normal + BoldClarendon (PCL6) 8 Normal + Bold

BAR CODE TERMINOLOGY

o BAR

- The darker, non reflective element of a Bar Code

o BI-DIRECTIONAL SYMBOL

- A Bar Code symbol format which permits reading in

either direction across the bars and spaceso CHECK DIGIT

- A calculated character included within the Bar Code for

error detection

o FIXED BEAM SCANNER

- A stationary Bar Code Scanner. The symbol must be

moved through the light beam to be read



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TERMINOLOGY …

• HAND-HELD SCANNER

– A scanner held and operated by a human operator

• INTER-CHARACTER GAP

– The space between the bars or spaces

• MOVING BEAM SCANNER

– A Bar Code scanner that uses a moving light beam to

dynamically scan and decode a Bar Code symbol

TERMINOLOGY …

• SPACE

– The lighter, reflective element of a Bar Code

• START CHARACTER

– A special pattern of bars and spaces used to

identify the beginning of a Bar Code symbol

• STOP CHARACTER

– A special pattern of bars and spaces used to

identify the end of a Bar Code symbol



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Bar-code system

Cell phone cameras and Smartphone• While cell phone cameras

without auto-focus are notideal for reading somecommon barcode formats,there are 2D barcodeswhich are optimized for cellphones, as well as Data

Matrix codes which can beread quickly and accuratelywith or without auto-focus.

• Smart phones havinggoogle’s android operatingsystem or nokia’s symbianoperating system featuresa barcode scanner whichcan scan barcodes



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GS1 Classification

Product CategoryNo of

classes

Food and Beverages 21

Machinery, Equipment and Information

Technology21

Textile, Clothing and Footwear 17

Chemicals and allied products 17

Printing, Publishing and packing 8

Miscellaneous 16

BAR CODE APPLICATIONS

• INVENTORY CONTROL

– Portable readers

• WORK-IN PROCESS TRACKING (WIP)

COMPANY INVENTORY – Raw materials

– WIP (Components, Assemblies, Semi finished

Products)

– Finished Products



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APPLICATIONS …• SHIPPING

• ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI)

– Direct communication between computers of

two companies (Manufacturer & Vendor)

– Industry-wide EDI standards

– Reduces cost and saves time of business

transaction

APPLICATIONS …• RETAIL APPLICATIONS

– Super markets

– Counter-mounted Bar Code scanners

– Universal Product Code (UPC)

– Price and description information

• WARE HOUSING• HEALTH CARE APPLICATIONS

– Drugs, devices, instruments

– Identification of expiry date

– Blood banking

• Blood group

• Expiry date

• Donor traceability



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BAR CODING IN LIBRARIES• EFFECTIVE LIBRARY NEEDS EACH

DOCUMENT BAR CODED

• TWO LABELS PREFERABLY

• LABEL TO CONTAIN

– Accession number equivalent Bar Code

– Call number – Institution logo advantageous

• ISBN BAR CODE COULD BE USED

Applications of Barcode

• HOSPITALS: Barcodes can allow for the organization of

large amounts of data. They are widely used in the

healthcare and hospital settings, ranging from patient

identification (to access patient data, including medical

history, drug allergies, etc.) to medication management.• RETAIL Speeding up checkouts and ordering.

• OFFICE Recording transactions.

• HEALTH :Ensuring correct dosage and treatment.

• TRAVEL: Making ticketing more efficient, ensuring safety

and speedier check in.

• LIBRARIES: Logging borrowers and books



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• Barcoded tickets allow people to enter sports

arenas, cinemas, theatres, fairgrounds, and

transportation, and are used to record the

arrival and departure of vehicles from rental

facilities etc..


• Barcodes can also be used to keep track of

objects and people; they are used to keep

track of rental cars, airline luggage, nuclear

waste, registered mail, express mail andparcels.



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• In the 21st century many artists have started using barcodesin art. An artist named Scott Blake has produces somemagnificent modern art as shown in the picture.

Left Hand Guard Bars

These bars serve as a starting reference point for the scanning

devices.



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Number System Bars

These bars correspond to the Number System Character.

Manufacturer ID Bars

These bars correspond to the Manufacturer's ID Number.



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Tall Center Bar

These bars serve as a middle reference point for the scanning

devices.

Item Bars

These bars correspond to the Item Number.



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Modulo check bars

These bars correspond to the modulo check character

Right hand guard bars

These bars serve as a ending reference point for the

scanning devices.



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Number System Character

This digit identifies the type of manufacturer or how the barcode will be

used. For example 0, 6, and 7 are generally used in the retail industry,

while 3 is assigned to the health and drug manufacturing industries.

Manufacturer ID Number

Each company must apply for a Universal Product Identification Number

with the Uniform Code Council. The UCC assigns each company a unique

six digit identification number for use on all of their products.



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Item Number

A person employed by the manufacturer, called the UPC coordinator, is

responsible for assigning item numbers to products, making sure the same code

is not used on more than one product, retiring codes as products are removed

from the product line, etc.

Modulo Check Character

This digit is derived from a mathematical formula based on the

unique set of numbers in each barcode that helps ensure the

accuracy of the data scan.



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How is the modulo check character evaluated?All of the digits in odd positions are added (digits

1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11).

6 + 9 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 9 = 32

That number is multiplied by 3.

32 * 3 = 96

The value of all of the digits in even positions are

then added (digits 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10).

3 + 3 + 2 + 0 + 3 = 11

This sum is added to the value in step 2.

96 + 11 = 107

The number in Step 4 is taken. To create the check

digit, the number is determined, that, when

added to the number in step 4, is a multiple of 10.

107 + 3 = 110The check digit is therefore 3.

STEP 4

STEP 5

STEP 1

STEP 2

STEP 3

How companies get barcodes?

• Companies usually need different UPC codes for eachproduct they sell. Each UPC can be used to produce aspecific barcode that can then be printed out andattached to products or, ideally, incorporated into theproduct design so that it is easily scanned at the

register.

• But going this route isn’t exactly cheap. Formembership in GS1 India, you must pay an initial fee of least ` .39247. The fees depend on the number of unique products you sell, along with your annualturnover. A membership form can be filled out onlineon GS1′s Web site, www.gs1india.org.

Documents

Barcode Training Handout