American Colonies Emerge

American Colonies EmergeChapter 2Spains Empire in the AmericasSection 1

Spains Empire in the AmericasSpanish claim the new landsConquistadores(Spanish explorers)In search of..GoldSilver Conquered the Aztec empire

Spanish Pattern of ConquestColony of New SpainPeninsulares & Native womenMestizoForced Natives into encomiendasSpain enters golden age of wealthConquer Mayans & Incas

Conquistadores Push NorthLand in Florida, not as richFounded St. Augustine (originally a fort)Leave FL French then claim itSpain wants to reclaim

Settling the SouthwestFrancisco Vasquez de Coronado claims the SouthwestPriests look for converts in congregacionesTreated much betterInhabited New Mexico

Resistance to SpainNatives resist Spanish culture/religionRebelled & punished Successful rebellion led by Pope which lasted 14 yearsSpain begins to lose dominanceEnglish Settlement at JamestownSection 2English Colonization1606 King James I grants chartersVirginia Company of LondonWealth and fortuneArrive on Virginia coastNew settlement: Jamestown

Disastrous StartJohn Smith: Leader of VA Co.Unprepared, GreedEnergy put on Gold ONLYSmith warned, nobody listenedDisease, hunger ruin startColonist die quicklyChief Powhatan aides SmithJamestown begins to growSmith burned in accidentSmith returns to EnglandJamestown disintegratesPowhatan, fearful, kills colonists livestockFamine sets in

Brown GoldNew English settlers arriveNew leaders have a plan, organizedColony risesValuable crop: TobaccoJohn Rolfes experimentHigh demand for tobaccoColony now flourishes

Labor SupplyLabor needed to plant tobaccoHeadright system50 acres of land, plus 50 to familiesImmigration risesIndentured servants4-7 years of serviceExchange for food/shelterNothing to lose by leaving

Clashes w/ NativesEnglish wanted Natives off the land Burned Powhatan villages Chief Powhatans daughter, Pocahontas, is kidnappedShe married John Rolfe, peace was nearPowhatan decides to rid the colonistsSlaughters hundreds of colonistsVirginia becomes a royal colony

Bacons RebellionNative American and Frontier colonistsFrontiersmen wanted supportWilliam Berkeley (VA Governor) refusedNathaniel Bacon, a frontiersmen, raises an armyBacon protests Berkeley Bacon and his men attack JamestownBacon dies shortly afterBerkeley returns, rids frontiersmenConsequences felt 100 years later

Puritan New EnglandSection 3Puritans Create New EnglandLook to build model societyBelieved in Faith, Prayer & BibleJohn Winthrop becomes first governorPuritans wanted complete separation from Catholic churchSeparatists want to keep some Catholic traditionsFound Plymouth colony

Massachusetts Bay ColonyMassachusetts Bay Company = joint-stock enterprise Thousands follow WinthropWell planned Great Migration 1630-164020,000 migrate

The Founding of ProvidenceRoger Williams Banished from MA Bay ColonyWent against Puritan beliefsWilliams fled in 1636Est. Colony of ProvidenceGuaranteed: Separation of church and statePromised religious freedom

Dissent in Puritan CommunityThreatened by two:Roger WilliamsFavored NativesFreedom of beliefsEstablishes new colony Anne HutchinsonBigger threatNo need for Church or leaders

Natives Resistance ExpansionLand/religionDifferent views on landNatives = heathensConflicts lead to Pequot WarHorrific outcomePequot tribe destroyed

Is There Peace?40 years no conflictsNatives unite under MetacomEruption of King Philips WarNatives flee/surrender but English suffer major casualties

Settlement of Middle ColoniesSection 4New NetherlandDutch settle new colonyHenry HudsonFur trade w/ Iroquois Trading posts along Hudson RiverTrade not conflictExpands to Delaware River

Diverse ColonySlow to attract peopleOpen doors to immigrants German, French, ScandinavianAfricans, both free & enslavedReligious toleranceKept peace w/ Iroquois

English TakeoverEnglish seize colonyJames, Duke of YorkOrdered to drive out DutchDutch governor surrendersNew proprietorRenames it New York

Lovely PennsylvaniaEnglish want to expand empireKing Charles II debtsGrants William Penns father landPennsylvania is colonizedAcquires Delaware

Quakers in PABelieved in Gods inner lightNo formal ministersDressed plainRefused militaryDisliked by PuritansCity of Brotherly LovePhiladelphia(capital)