The American Colonies Emerge

1519 Conquered Aztec Empire in Mexico

1535 conquered Inca Empire in Peru

1. Spanish had better weapons 2. Aztecs and Incas had never seen

fair-skinned people or horses 3. They thought that they were gods 4. Lacked immunity to European

diseases

1507 America named after him A German mapmaker mistakenly

gives him credit for discovering the New World

1513 discovered Florida while searching for the Fountain of Youth

1513 discovered the Pacific Ocean Called it the South Sea

1521 leader of the first expedition to circumnavigate the world

Gave the world physical proof that the Earth was round

1540-1542 discovered the Grand Canyon while searching for the “Seven Cities of Gold”

Explored the Southwest (United States)

1539 began an exploration of the southeastern section of the United States

Discovered the Mississippi River

1565 – present day Florida Settled by the Spanish First permanent European settlement

in the Americas Purpose – protect Spanish trade at

sea

Revolt by the Pueblo people against the Spanish in New Mexico

Leader was Pope’

Interested in settlement Many desired religious and political

freedom

Italian navigator who sailed for King Henry VII of England

Opened the way for English claims to the New World

Founded Greenland Discovered the Hudson River

Most famous English “sea dog” Pirate who stole Spanish treasures First British explorer to

circumnavigate the world

Tried to start a colony off the coast of North Carolina known as Roanoke Island

All settlers vanished Called Lost Colony

1607 established by the English Main interest was to find gold First Permanent English settlement Established by the London Company joint-stock company chartered by the

King

Group of investors who share in the colony’s profits and losses

Leading figure of Jamestown Demanded every colonist work 1609 had to return to England

Winter of 1609-1610 Only 60 of 600 settlers survived in

Jamestown

Named governor of Virginia Helped get the colony back on its

feet

1610 credited for developing the strain of tobacco

Became Virginia’s staple crop Married Pocahontas

Anyone who paid for their own or another’s passage to Virginia received 50 acres of land

Caused large increase in immigration to Jamestown

Many landowners imported indentured servants

Person who agrees to work for another in exchange for transportation, food, and shelter

Term of service – 4 to 7 years Usually lower class citizens in English

society Reasons for coming:

• Enclosure movement• Religious and political freedom

Arrived in Jamestown in 1619 Only about 20 Brought to Jamestown by the Dutch Treated as indentured servants

Bacon’s Rebellion• Led by Nathaniel Bacon• Disagreed with Governor Berkley’s policies

in Jamestown (high taxes, • Led a rebellion against the Governor

Berkley and Indians on the frontier• Seized Jamestown• Died one month after• Governor regained control of Jamestown

1. Showed settlers frustrated with a government concerned only with the wealthy

2. showed poor colonist unwilling to tolerate such a government

Left the Church of England

1620 Plymouth, Massachusetts Mayflower Compact William Bradford – leader

• Started the Plymouth Colony – 2nd Permanent English Colony

Squanto – taught settlers about the Americas

First Thanksgiving

Massachusetts Bay Colony Leader – John Winthrop

• “City Upon a Hill”

Disagreed with Puritan Leaders• Believed that land belonged to Native

Americans• Believed gov’t officials should not punish

colonists for religious beliefs• Fled Massachusetts before arrested and

returned to England• Started the colony of Providence (Rhode

Island)• 1636

Different Religious Beliefs than Puritans• Preached that worshippers did not need the

church or ministers to interpret the Bible• Banished in 1638

First major conflict in Connecticut in 1637

Colonists formed an alliance with the Narragansett (old enemies of Pequot)

Set fire to Pequot village Massacre of 500-600 Pequot men,

women, and children

Led by King Phillip or Metacom 1675 Final attempt to push the English out Failed because

• Food shortages• Disease• Heavy casualties• Metacom killed

William Penn – leader Founded Pennsylvania Philadelphia “city of brotherly love”

Royal Proprietary Joint-Stock Penal

MA, RI, CT, NH Puritan Shipbuilding and distilling

NY, PA, NJ, DE mixture Farming – wheat Tread colonies

MD, VA, SC, NC, GA Anglican Farming – tobacco, rice, indigo