American Colonies Emerge Intro.

Illustrated Timeline

Directions

• Create a timeline with the dates and events provided• Events SHOULD NOT be proportional (evenly space them)

• Alternate between top and bottom of the timeline

• Each event must be labelled with appropriate title and date(s)• Choose 5 to illustrate; choose 5 to describe

• Yes, it must be colored

American Colonies Emerge

• 1492-Christopher Columbus lands in the Americas

• 1521-Cortes Conquers the Aztec Empire

• 1540-Coronado explores the American southwest

• 1565-St. Augustine established by the Spanish

• 1585-English establish colony at Roanoke Island

• 1607-Jamestown established by John Smith and other English

• 1620-English “Pilgrims” establish the Plymouth Colony

• 1630-English Puritans establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony

• 1664-English take New Amsterdam from the Dutch

• 1681-William Penn receives charter for Pennsylvania

BELLRINGER

-Describe the first meeting between the Spanish and

the natives according to this picture.

-How does this interpretation foreshadow the relationship between

the two groups?

Take out a blank sheet of paper and fold the

left side to the middle.

Draw a line down the crease.

The Spanish Empire

“God, Gold, and Glory”

Spain’s explorers

• Juan Ponce de Leon

• Vasco Nunez de Balboa

• Ferdinand Magellan

• Hernan Cortes

• Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca

• Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

• Hernando de Soto

Ponce de Leon

• Hidalgo- • low ranking noble

• Named Florida in 1513• Searched for mythical

“fountain of youth”• Given Puerto Rico, but

replaced by Diego Columbus

Balboa

• Landed in Panama

• First known Europeans to see Pacific Ocean

• Condemned to death on false charges of treason and Native American abuse

Magellan

• Portuguese, but hired by Spanish King

• First to sail around South America and to the Pacific

• His men were the first to circumnavigate the globe

Cortes

• Aztecs governed 20 million people • 200,000 in capital

• Cortes joined enemies of the Aztecs together

• In three years destroyed Aztec empire

Cabeza de Vaca

• Explored Texas area after being shipwrecked

• Spread Native’s stories of seven golden cities• Pueblo villages

• Lured further explorers to North America

Coronado

• Searched for golden cities

• Explored Southwest with 1400 men and 1500 animals

• Allowed for Spain’s claim to entire Southwest

• Found guilty of atrocities against Native Americans

de Soto

• Landed in Florida, to “conquer, populate and pacify”

• He wanted golden cities

• AL, FL, TN, MS, OK

• Recorded Native tribes

St. Augustine

• Needed defensive bases to protect ships carrying gold and silver

• 1565, St. Augustine established

• Presidios, or forts, developed but most not maintained

Encomienda System

• Hidalgos-most conquistadors-low-ranking nobles

• Goal was to gain wealth and prestige

• Rewarded with control over portions of the Empire

Spanish American Society

• King splits empire in America into viceroyalties

• Leader known as Viceroy

• Didn’t find gold; lots of silver instead

• Haciendas-Large ranches to feed miners

Spanish American Society

• Peninsulares-people born in Spain; highest

• Criollos-Spanish parents, born in colonies-middle

• Mestizos-Spanish and Native Am. Parents- lower middle

• Other

• Based on: birth, income, and education

Moctezuma and Cortes

First Meeting

Moctezuma and Cortes-8 mins.

• Who was Hernan Cortes?

• Who was Moctezuma?

• What happened when Cortes met Moctezuma in 1519?

Document A-10 mins.

• Who wrote the document and when was it written?

• Who was the recipient of this document?• How might this influence the content of the document?

• According to the document, what did Moctezuma say to Cortes?

• Does this document corroborate the textbook document?

• What is one reason Document A would be a reliable source to understand what happened when Moctezuma met Cortés?

• What is one reason Document A would not be a reliable source to understand what happened when Moctezuma met Cortés?

Document B-10 mins.

• Who wrote document B and when was it written?

• Who supervised the writing of document B?

• How might this influence the content of the document?

• According to document B, what did Moctezuma say to Cortes?

• Does this document corroborate the textbook document?

• What is one reason Document B would be a reliable source to understand what happened when Moctezuma met Cortés?

• What is one reason Document B would not be a reliable source to understand what happened when Moctezuma met Cortés?

• How does Document A compare to Document B?

Document C-10 mins.

• Who wrote document C? When was it written?

• Based on this information, do you think this is a reliable account of what happened when Moctezuma met Cortes? Why or why not?

• According to Document C, why did Moctezuma tell Cortés that the Aztecs had been expecting him?

• According to Document C, why did Spanish missionaries claim that Moctezuma believed Cortés was Quetzacoatl?

• How does Document C’s account of what happened when Moctezuma met Cortés compare to Document A and Document B?

Summary-8 mins.

• What is one reason why you might believe that Moctezuma welcomed Cortés into the Aztec capital?

• What is one reason why you might NOT believe that Moctezuma welcomed Cortés?

• Based on these three documents, how confident are you in knowing what happened during their first meeting? Explain.

English Exploration and

Settlement

John Cabot A.k.a. Giovannia CabotoA.ka. Juan Caboto

• Arrives in 1497

• First Englishman, second European

• Explores the Labrador Coast• Claims Canada for England

• Doesn’t come back from second expedition..

Sir Martin Frobisher• Expeditions in 1576, ’77,

78

• Looking for the Northwest Passage

• Thinks he finds gold, then iron ore

• Hired as privateer• Shot trying to steal gold

from a Spanish fleet

Henry Hudson• NW passage again

• Explores Greenland, Northern Arctic, eventually Chesapeake Bay

• Explores up the Hudson River

• Dies after mutiny

England’s Sea Dogs• Privateer- Hired by a

government to harass other countries’ ships

• Raided Spanish treasure ships

• Spain is Catholic, England is Protestant

Sir Francis Drake

• Starts as slave trader

• Privateer in 1572

• Known for raiding Spanish settlements and stealing gold/silver

• Basically causes the Spanish Armada

• Dies of dysentery

Settling the Americas1. Need a base to sail from

2. Still looking for a Northwest Passage

3. See the natives as a new market for trade

4. Send unemployed and homeless to America

Settling Roanoke• Established by Walter Raleigh in 1585

• First attempt, people are starving and go back to England

• Second attempt, everybody vanishes

• Only clue left is word “Croatoan” carved into a tree

The Colonial Charter System

Granting Settlements

•The King offered charters based on reason for settlement

•King James I, 1603-1625

•King Charles I, 1625-1649

Joint-stock

•Organized as a corporation

• Investors fund and run company

•Profits and losses shared by investors

•Ex., Jamestown

Proprietary

•Granted by the King

•One person, or a small group

•Had full governing rights

•Ex., William Penn’s Pennsylvania

Royal

• King appointed Governor• Governor served as chief official• Colonial assemblies approved laws• The King converted most colonies to Royal by early 1700’s

Self-Governing

• Independent of the King and of corporations

• Separatist religious groups

• Developed their own government

• Ex., Pilgrims- Mayflower Compact

On a separate sheet of paper..

• You will translate the Mayflower Compact into Modern English

• Then in 3-4 sentences:• Explain the importance of the compact on the

development of the colonies

Jamestown

• Draw a line across your paper at the 8th line

• Read the document on the settlement of Jamestown

• Above the line, illustrate what’s going on in the colony according to the document

• Below the line, describe the colony of Jamestown in 10 sentences

• Choose 5 key words from the document to write around the image

Jamestown

Jamestown• 16 years after Roanoke before another attempt at

settlement

• 1606 the Virginia Company gets a charter from King James I

• Charter called for a joint-stock company• A company funded and run by investors, who

share the company’s profits and losses

Jamestown• 1607, Virginia Company sends colonists• About 100

• First settlers included many gentlemen (36)

• Also barber, tailor, carpenter, mason, and laborers

May 14, 1607:Settled 60 miles up the James River- Why?

How do they compare?

Native Village Fort at Jamestown

Hardship

• Jamestown nearly failed• Native attacks

• Not physically prepared for labor

• Weather, swamp, diseases

• Initially no firm leadership

• All this = famine and death

There is hope…

• Powhatan Confederacy trades with settlers

• More men and supplies arrive

• Captain John Smith developed into strong leader

Captain John Smith

• Captured by Natives, released as a friend

• “He who does not work, will not eat”

• Strengthened defenses

• 1609- Injured, returns home

Starving Time

• October 1609 to March 1610

• 70 survive

• Eat whatever they have• Horses, dogs, cats, mice, boots or

anything of leather

Jamestown Moving Forward

• Marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe eases relations with Natives

• Rolfe planted tobacco seeds from the Caribbean, sweeter and milder

• Tobacco makes Jamestown profitable

Tobacco• Demanded laborers

• Indentured servants- • Work for a master to pay for

their voyage, usually 7 years

• System of Headrights• Gave 50 acres to those who

paid for passage or bought stock

• Additional land for bringing family and servants

Self-Government

• 1618, begin electing own assembly for law making

• Virginia government includes:• Governor, 6 councilors, 2 Reps from

each of the 10 colonial towns• Assembly called House of Burgesses (bûr'jĭs)

Epic Fail

• Tobacco money not enough

• 1624-King declares VA Company bankrupt

• Converts to a royal colony

• First in the New World

Desparate times...

The Separatists and Plymouth

Separatists v. Puritans

• Cut ties with Catholic Church

• Anglican Church created after Reformation

• Many feel Anglican is too similar to Catholic

• 1 group wants to separate; other wants to Purify from within

What’s the Difference

Separatists• Membership in a false

church dooms own soul

• Start a new one with our own beliefs

Puritans• Persecution is test from

God

• Want to remain with Church to purify from within

Separatists

• Leave England 1608

• Go to Netherlands

• Dutch people are open to all religions; doesn’t sit well with Separatists

Bigger Issue

• Truce between Spain and Holland expires in 1621

• If Spain takes back over, Separatists will be persecuted again

• Must leave in 1620

The Mayflower

• Look for purer place to settle in 1620

• Ship is 1/3 separatist, others just looking for fresh start

• Jamestown is up and running; looks nice

Where to settle?

• Land at Cape Cod

• North of Virginia Company borders

• Winter is approaching

• Settle in abandoned Womponoag village

Help from the Natives

• Squanto is intermediary

• Relationship allows pilgrims to trade with various natives

• Pilgrims taught to grow native crops

• Better friend to English than natives

Running the Colony

• William Bradford is governor

• People submit to laws based on MC

• Colony grows with supply ships

• Peacefully expand in the beginning

• Leads to friction later on

In your notes..CAUSE EFFECT

PERSECUTION OF PURITANS IN ENGLAND

PURITAN’S BELIEF IN HARD WORK

ROGER WILLIAMS DISSENTING BELIEFS

RAPID COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• John Winthrop

• Massachusetts Bay Company (J-S)

• Transfers company to New England

• Authority to set up own govt.

Establishment

• 1630

• 17 ships in first year

• Capital of Boston

• Plymouth included in Colony

Running the Colony

• Church and government are close

• Officials have duty to carry out divine law

• Swearing, theft, drunkenness, idleness all illegal

“City Upon a Hill”

• Beliefs:

• Should be an example for society

• People were not capable of earning merit in God’s eyes

• Predestination-God already knows what will happen to your soul

• Live by divine law or you were not one of the elect

“City Upon a Hill”

• “Some must be rich, and some must be poor”

• Extend right to vote to all stockholders and church members

• “Freemen” voted for the General Court

• GC elected the governor

The Family

• Most who made voyage were families

• Take care of your family or community will

• Bad kid? No punishment? Kid goes to more “God-fearing” home

• Arguing with spouse and can’t settle it? Both of you to the stockades

Roger Williams

• Controversial minister

• “Forced religion stinks in the nostrils of God”

• Govt. should not punish settlers for religious beliefs

• English settlers don’t have divine right to land; must purchase from native

Roger Williams

• Banished

• Begins settlement at Providence

• Guaranteed religious tolerance

Worse than Williams.. A Woman!!

• Anne Hutchinson

• Worshipers didn’t need the church to interpret Bible for them

• Rhodes Island then New Amsterdam

• Gets massacred by natives

Thomas Hooker & Connecticut

• Leads group out of Mass. in 1630’s

• Needed land for cattle

• “Foundation of authority is laid in the consent of the governed”

• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

CAUSE EFFECT

PERSECUTION OF PURITANS IN ENGLAND

PURITAN’S BELIEF IN HARD WORK

ROGER WILLIAMS DISSENTING BELIEFS

RAPID COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT

CAUSE EFFECT

PERSECUTION OF PURITANS IN ENGLAND

PURITANS SETTLE IN THE NEW WORLD

PURITAN’S BELIEF IN HARD WORK

COLONY HAS SUCCESS AND QUICKLY EXPANDS

ROGER WILLIAMS DISSENTING BELIEFS

LEAVES AND ESTABLISHES COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND

RAPID COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT

INCREASED CONFLICT WITH THE NATIVES

Take out your terms and people

• Study on your own for 5 minutes

• Spend remainder of class period with a partner quizzing on your Terms and People for tomorrow!

• Quiz will give 16 options for 10 questions..

Who settled New York and what was the city

first named?

The Middle and Southern Colonies

Middle Colonies• Very diverse- Included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, and others

• Dutch West India Company wanted to develop trade in North America

• Traded goods ($24 worth) with the Natives for right to use Manhattan

What was New Netherlands like?• New Amsterdam- Present day

New York City

• Trade open to any country

• 18 languages spoken

• Religious tolerance strictly enforced

• First “New World” synagogue

So What Happened?

• English jealous of Dutch success and want to link colonies

• Dutch have no strong forts or army• English send in four ships with 400 men, King claimed land belonged to Duke of York- Who else!

• Dutch give up without a fight

Other Middle Colonies

• Hi.. I'm in.. Delaware....• Delaware- New Sweden, then taken by Dutch,

then captured by English, William Penn- gets rights to it to have a port for his Pennsylvania

• New Jersey- Divided into East and West, united in 1702

Pennsylvania• Proprietor- William Penn

• Saw colony as a “holy experiment”

• Land use agreements with Natives

• 50 years of peace with Natives

• Quaker ideals- equality, religious toleration, pacifism, right to vote (men)

Maryland• Catholics

persecuted in England

• Lord Baltimore-wants haven for Catholics

• Maryland Toleration Acts

• Protected anyone who believed in Jesus

Southern Colonies

• The Carolinas

• Divided in 1691

• Thrived on trade

• Furs

• Tobacco

Georgia• Led by James Oglethorpe

• Haven for the poor to start over

• Also created to protect from a Spanish Invasion out of Florida

• No slaves, no liquor, and peace with Natives. Short-lived

For the remainder of the period..• You will create an ad with the goal of populating your colony• Either a colony we’ve discussed or your colony for

your group (GA, SC, NC, VA, DE, MA, NJ, NY, CT, RI, MD, NH)

• Image should take up 2/3 of the page (should be colored) with bottom 1/3 describing what to expect in the colony

• These were not always truthful, however, they must be historically accurate (NO PROMISING IPHONE 6’S TO ALL TRAVELLERS)

Bellringer.. Grab yours on the way in and get started!

• What is this image and how does this image convey European ideas about settling in the New World?

Conflict with the Natives

Pope’s Rebellion/Pueblo Revolt

Pequot War of 1637

King Philip’s War of 1675

Pequot War of 1637• Smallpox devastates NE tribes• Pequot not hurt by plague, become

dominant tribe; ally w/ Dutch• Pilgrims and Puritans start out friendly w/ natives

• Mohegans and Narragansett ally w/ English; don’t like the Pequot

Pequot War of 1637

• 1634-Capt John stone killed• Eng demand those responsible

• 1636-English sailors attacked, killed

• Moh. and Nara. push for war w/ Pequot

• May 1637-Mystic River Massacre

Mystic River Massacre

• +500 Pequot live in MR• Bigger than expected

• Set fire to both sides of village

• English shoots those trying to escape

Continuing Fighting

• Go from village to village

• Survivors sold into slavery

• Surrounding tribes submit to English

King Philip’s War

• Metacom begins selling land to buy guns

• Father was first to sign treaty with Pilgrims

• Takes Christian name of Philip

• One more chance to unite and push Eng into sea

King Philip’s War

• 1675-76

• Narragansett ally w/ King Philip

• John Sassamon accused of murder; catalyst for war

• Benjamin Church America’s first action hero

End of King Philip

• BC and men kill Philip while he’s in hiding

• Drawn and quartered

• Head put on display ~30 years

• Ends native resistance in NE

Spanish in America

• Stories of golden cities lead Spanish north

• God, gold, glory

• Conquistadors in search of gold

• Friars travel with conquistadors to ensure peace with natives

Spanish Response

• Pueblo city in 1599

• Spanish take hostages to extort food

• Natives kill 1, take 12 hostage

• Spanish attack killing 800/1300

Spanish Response

• Men 25+ have one foot cut off and sentenced to 20 years of servitude

• Men 12-25 and women 25+ sentenced to 20 years servitude

• Economic exploitation and religious/cultural domination take turns dictating Spanish control

Buildup to Rebellion

• Pueblos continue practicing own religion

• Accused of bewitching a friar

• Governor arrests 47, kills 4

• Pueblo take Trevino hostage to secure freedom

The Rebellion

• Pope is one of the survivors

• Plans a widespread revolt; August 12

• Organizers all Pueblos in revolt

• Able to drive Spanish out of Santa Fe

Closing thoughts..

• What precedent has been set by the conflicts we looked at today?

• If the natives try to resist expansion, the we will fight and kill to get our way