A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON IMAM AL-GHAZALI

A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON IMAM AL-GHAZALI

KOJIRO NAKAMURA

Associate Professor, University of Tokyo

A great number of books and articles have been written on the life and

thought of Imam al-Ghazali since the 19th century. Although some attempts

were made so far to list up the publications on him, they are far from complete.

The following bibliography, which does not claim to be complete either, covers

as many works published both as studies on al-Ghazali and translations of some

of his own works as I have been able to collect (except some titles) up to the

present time. Being published in this form, I hope, it will be of some help tothose who are interested in the same field.

The bibliography is divided into two parts. Part One is devoted to the

publications in the European and Japanese languages, and Part Two to thosein the main Muslim languages (Arabic, Persian and Turkish). This latter

part, which I believe is the first bibliographical attempt, is apparently in-complete. This is particularly so since the Urdu works are totally neglected

(For these works, see M. M. Sherif ed., A History of Muslim Philosophy [2 vols.,Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1963-66], I, Chaps. XXX, XXXI, on al-

Ghazali by M. Saeed Sheikh and Abdul Khaliq, and the bibliography quoted

therein).

It is also to be noted that the general works on Islam which include some

observations on al-Ghazali such as the title by M. M. Sherif just quoted and

D. B. Macdonald, Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitu-

tional Theory (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1903; repr. 1965), and the

published texts of al-Ghazali's own works which often have important intro-ductory remarks are not listed in this bibliography.

Part One

Abd-el-Jalil, J. M.; "Autour de la sincerite d'al-Gazzali." Melanges Louis

Massignon (3 vols.; Damascus: Institut Francais de Damas, 1956-57),

I, 57-72.

119

Abul Quassem, Muhammad; "Al-Ghazali's Rejection of Philosophic Ethics."

Islamic Studies, XIII (1974), 111-27.

-; The Ethics of al-Ghazali: A Composite Ethics in Islam. Selangor: Central

Printing Sendirian Berhad, 1975.-; "Al-Gazali's Conception of Happiness." Arabica, XXII (1975),

153-61.

Abu Ridah, Muhammad 'Abd al-Hadi; Al-Ghazali und seine Widerlegung der

griechischen Philosophie (Tahafut al-Falasifah). Madrid: Blass, S. A.Tipografica, 1952.

Aguilar, E. Galindo; "Sur un livre recent: La notion de la ma'rifa chez Ghaz-

zali (sic) par Farid Jabre." IBLA, XXI (1958), 213-20.

Ahmad, Rashid; "Al-Ghazali." Dr. C. Krishnaswami Aiyangar Commemoration

Volume (Madras: 1936). 109-110.

Ali, Syed Nawab (tr.); Some Moral and Religious Teachings of al Ghazzali. La-

hore: Ashraf Press, 2nd. ed. 1944.

Alonso, Manuel Alonso; "Influencia de Algazel en el mundo latino." Al-

Andalus, XXIII (1958), 371-80.-; "Los 'maqasid' de Algazel. Algunas deficias de la edicion caradiense."

Al-Andalus, XXV (1960), 445-54.

Antes, Peter; Prophetenwunder in der As'ariya bis al-Gazali (Agazel). Freiburg:

D. Robischon, 1970.

Arnaldez, Roger; "Controverses theologiques chez Ibn Hazm de Cordoue et

Ghazali." Les Mardis de Dar el-Salam, 1956, 209-48.

Asin Palacios, Miguel; "La mystique d'al-Gaazali." MFO, VII (1914-21), 67-

103.

-; Algazel: Dogmatica, moral, ascetica. Zaragoza: 1901.-; "Sens du mot Tehafot dans les oeuvres d'El -Ghazali et d'Averroes."

Revue Africaine, L (1906), 185-203.

-(tr.); El justo medio en la creencia. Madrid: 1929.-; "El origen dellenguaje y problemas conexos, en Algazel, Ibn Sida e

Ibn Hazm." Al-Andalus, IV (1936), 253-81.

-(tr.); "Une introduction musulmane a la vie spirituelle-le 《Chemin

Assure des Devots》 d'Algazel: Analyse et Extraits (1)." Revue d'-

Ascetique et de Mystique, IV (1923), 275-94.

-; La Espiritualidad de Algazel y su sentido cristiano. 4 vols. Madrid, 1934-

41.

120 ORIENT


-; "Notes sur les philosophes arabes connus des latins au moyen-age."

MFO, VII (1914-21), 397-406.

Bagley, F. R. C. (tr.); Chazali's Book of Counsel for Kings (Nasihat al-Muluk).

London: Oxford University Press, 1964.

Barny, Frederick J.; "The Moslem Idea of 'Ilm (Knowledge) (Illustrated by

al-Ghazali's Experience)." MW, IX (1919), 159-68.

Bauer, Hans; "Zum Titel und zur Abfassung von Ghazali's Ihja." Der Islam,

IV (1913), 159-60.

-(tr.); Die Dogmatik al-Chazali's nach den II Buch seines Hauptwerkes. Halle:Max Niemeyer, 1912.

-(tr.); Uber Intention, Reine Absicht und Wahrhaftigkeit. Halle: Max Nie-meyer, 1916.

-(tr.); Von der Ehe: Das 12. Buch von al-Chazali's "Neubelebung der Re-ligionswissenschaften", ubersetzt und erlautert von Hans Bauer. Halle: Max

Niemeyer, 1917.

-(tr.); Erlaubtes und verbotenes Gut: Das 14. Buch von al-Chazali's Hauptwerk,ubersetst und erlautert von Hans Bauer. Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1922.

Bell, Richard; "A Moslem Thinker on the Teaching of Religion: al-Ghazzali

A. D. 1058-1111." The Hibbert Journal, XL (1943), 31-36.

Bencheneb, M.; "Lettre sur l'education des enfants par Abou Hamed El-R'Az-

zaly." Revue Africaine, XLV (1901), 101-110.

Bercher, L. (tr.); "Extrait du Livre XXIII du Kitab Ihya 'Ulum ad-Din

d'al-Gazali." Hesperis, XL (1953), 313-31.

-(tr.); "La censure des moeurs selon al-Ghazali." IBLA, XVIII (1955),313-21; XX (1957), 21-30; XXI (1958), 389-407; XXIII (1960), 299-

326.

-(tr.); "Livre de l'obligation d'ordonner le bien et d'interdire le malselon al-Ghazali (Kitab al-amr bi-l-ma'ruf wa-n-nahy 'ani-l-munkar)."

IBLA, XVIII (1955), 53-91.

Bhuyan, A. F. M. H.; "The Concept of Causality in al-Ghazzali." Islamic

Culture, XXXVII (1963), 88-91.

Binder, L.; "Al-Ghazali's Theory of Islamic Government." MW, XLV (1955),

229-41.

Blasdell, R. A.; "Religious Values in al-Ghazali's Works." MW, XXXVI

(1946), 115-20.Borrmans, Maurice; "Note sur l'observation de la nature et son utilisation chez

Vol. XIII 1977 121

Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali." IBLA, XXI (1958), 117-52.

Bousquet, G. H.; Ih'ya 'ouloum ed-din ou vivification des sciences de la foi, analyse

et index. Paris: Max Besson, 1955.

Bouyges, Maurice; Essai de chronologie des ouevres de al-Ghazali (Algazel). Edite

et mis a jour par M. Allard. Beirut: Imprimerie Catholique, 1959.-; "Al-Ghazaliana I: Sur dix publicaions relatives a Algazel." MFO,

VIII (1922). 479-519.

Brunschvig, Robert; "Pour ou contre la logique grecque chex les theologiens-

juristes de l'Islam: Ibn Hazm, al-Ghazali, Ibn Taimiyya." ConvegnoInternazionale 9-15 Aprile 1969 (Roma: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei,

1971), 185-209.-; "Valeur fondement du raisonnement juridique par analogie d'apres

Al-Gazali." Studia Islamica, XXXIV (1971), 57-88.

Calverley, Edwin E. (tr.); Worship in Islam, Being a Translation, with Commentary

and Introduction of al-Ghassali's Book of the Ihya' on the Worship. London:

Luzac, rev. ed. 1957.-; "Vitalizing of the Religious Sciences: The Mysteries and Essentials of

the Worship-Analysis of al-Ghazzali's 'Book of the Mysteries and Essen-

tials of the Worship'." MW, XIV (1924), 10-22.

Cabanelas, D.; "Notas para la historia de Algazel en Espana." Al-Andalus,

XVII (1952), 223-32.-; "Un capitulo inedito de Algazel sobre la 'razon'." Miscelanea de

Estudion Arabes y Hebraicos, VIII (1958), 29-46.-; "Un opusculo inedito de Algazel: el 'Libro de las intuiciones intel-

ectuales'." Al-Andalus, XXI (1956), 19-58.

Chelhot, Victor; "《Al-Quistas al-Mustaqim》 et la connaissance rationelle

chez Gazali." Bulletin d' Etudes Orientales, XV (1955-57), 7-98.

Chidiac, R. (tr.); Refutation excellente de la divinite de Jesus-Chirist d'apres les Evan-

giles. Paris: 1939.Davids, T. W. Rhys; "Does al-Ghazzali use an Indian Metaphor?" JRAS,

1911, 200-201.

Davis, George W.; "Sufism: From its Origins to al Ghazzali." MW, XXXVIII

(1948), 241-56.de Beaurecueil, S.; Gazzali et S. Thomas d'Aquin: Essai sur la preuve de

l'existence de Dieu proposee dans l'Iqtisad et sa comparasion avec les'voies' thomiste." Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Archeologie Orientale,

122 ORIENT


XLVI (1947), 199-238.

de Boer, S. T.; Die Widerspruche der Philosophie nach al-Gazzali und ihr Ausgleich

durch Ibn Roshd. Strassburg: 1894.de Boer, Tjitze; Die Ewigkeit der Welt bei Algazzali und Ibn Rosd. Strassburg:

Karl J. Trubner, 1894.

Demeerseman, A.; "Ce qu'Ibn Khaldoun pense d'al-Ghazzali." IBLA, XXI

(1958), 161-93.-; "Le Maghreb a-t-il une marque ghazzalienne?" IBLA, XXI (1958),

109-16.

de Meynard, M. C. Barbier (tr.); "Traduction nouvelle du Traite de Ghazzali

intitule le Preservatif de l'Erreur, et notices sur les extases (des soufis)."

Journal Asiatique, 7th ser., IX (1877), 5-93.

de Vaux, Carra; Gazali. Paris: Felix Alcan, 1902.

-(tr.); "Tahafut al-falasifa." Le Museon, XVIII (1899), 143-57, 274-308, 400-408; N. S., I (1900), 346-79.

-; "Gazali: Le traite de la renovation des sciences religieuses Ihia ulumeddin." Rendu du Congres Scientifique International des Catholiques (Iere Sec-

tion, Introduction), Paris: 1891, 209-34.

Dingemans, H. H. (tr.); Al-Ghazzalis Boek der Liefde. Leiden: 1938.

Donaldson, Dwight M.; "Mohammed al-Ghazzali." MW, XI (1921), 377-88.-; "A Visit to the Grave of al Ghazzali." MW, VIII (1918), 137-40.

Ettinghausen, Richard; "Al-Ghazzali on Beauty." Art and Thought, Issued in

Honor of Dr. Ananda K. Coomeraswamy on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday

(ed. by K. Bharatha Iyer. London: Luzac, 1947), 160-65.Fans, N. A.; "The Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din of al-Ghazzali." Proceedings of American

Philosophical Society, LXXXI (1939), 15-19.-; "Al-Ghazzali's Rules of Conduct, Based on Al-Qawa'id al-'Asharah."

MW, XXXII (1942), 43-50.

-(tr.); The Book of Knowledge, Being a Translation with Notes of the Kitab al-'Ilm of al-Ghazzali's Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din. Lahore: Ashraf Press, 1962.

-(tr.); The Foundations of the Articles of Faith, Being a Translation with Notesof the Kitab Qawa'id al-'Aqa'id of al-Ghazzali's "Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din".

Lahore: Ashraf Press, 1963.-(tr.); "Ghazzali's Epistle of the Birds: A Translation of the Risalat al-

Tam." MW, XXXIV (1944), 46-53.

-(tr.); The Mysteries of Purity: English Translation of the Kitab Asrar al-

Vol. XIII 1977 123

Taharah of al-Ghazzali's Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din. Lahore: Ashraf Press,

1966.

-(tr.); The Mysteries of Almsgiving: A Translation from the Arabic with Notesof the Kitab Asrar al-Zakah of al-Ghazzali's Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din. Beirut:

The Heidelberg Press, 1966.

Field, Claud (tr.); The Alchemy of Happiness by al-Ghazzali. Lahore: Ashraf

Press, 1964.

Foster, Frank Hugh; "Ghazali on the Inner Secret and Outward Expression

of Religion in His 'Child'." MW, XXIII (1933), 378-96.

Frick, Heinrich; Ghazalis Selbstbiographie: Eine Vergleich mit Augustins Konfessionen.

Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1919.

Fujimoto, Katsuji (tr.); Ayamari karano sukui (Deliverance from Error). Series

of World Classics 68: Arabic and Persian Literature (Tokyo: Chikuma-shobo,

1964), 99-131.

Gairdner, W. H. T.; An Account of al-Ghazzali's Life and Works. Madras: 1919.-; "Al-Ghazali's Mishkat al-Anwar and the Ghazali-Problem." Der

Islam, V (1914), 121-53.

-(tr.); Al-Ghazzali's Mishkat al-Anwar ("The Niche for Lights"): A Transla-tion with Introduction. London: Royal Asiatic Society, repr. 1924.

Gardener, W. R. W.; "Al-Ghazali as Sufi." MW, VII (1917), 131-43.

Gardet, L.; "Qu'est-ce que I'homme?: Texte d'al-Ghazali traduit et presente

par Louis Gardet." IBLA, VII (1944), 395-426.-; "Raison et foi en 'Islam: Les solutions de l'Islam orthodoxe, al-

Ghazali." Revue Thomiste, XLIII (1937), 439-78; XLIV (1938), 145-

67; 342-78.

-(tr.); "Texte d'al-Ghazali traduit et annote par Louis Gardet." RevueThomiste, XLIV (1938), 569-78.

-(tr.); "L'abandon a Dieu (tawakkul): Texte d'al-Ghazzali." IBLA,XIII (1950), 37-47.

Gatje, Helmut; "Logisch-semasiologische Theorien bei al-Gazzali." Arabica,

XXI (1974), 151-82.Gautier, Lucien (ed. and tr.); Ad-Dourra al-Fakhira: La Perle Precieuse de Ghazali.

Leipzig: Otto Harrassowits, 1925.

Gintsburg, I. I.; "Rukopisnaya evreiskaya versiya Mizan al-'amal al-gazali."

Zapiski Istituta Vostokovedeniya Akademii Nauk SSSR, VI (1937), 141-68.

Goldziher, Ignaz; Streitschrift des Gazali gegen die Batinijja-Sekte. Leiden:

124 ORIENT


E. J. Brill, 1956 (First published 1916).

Gosche, R.; "Uber Ghazzalis Leben und Werke." Philologische und Historische

Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1858,

239-311.

Gottheil, Richard; "A Supposed Work of al-Ghazali." JAOS, XLIII (1923),

85-91.

Hachem, Hikmet (tr.); Ghazzali: Critere de l'action (Mizan al-'Amal). Paris:

Maisonneuve, 1945.

Hell, Joseph; Die Religion des Islam I: von Mohammed bis Ghazali. Jena: Eugen

Diederichs, 1915.

Hitzig; "Ueber Gazzali's Ihja 'ulum al-din." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgen-

landischen Gesellschaft, VII (1853), 172-86.

Holland, Muhtar (tr.); al-Ghazali: On the Duties of Brotherhood. London: The

Anchor Press, 1975.

Horten, Max; Die Hauptlehren des Averroes nach seiner Schrift: Die Widerlegung

des Ghazali. Bonn: A. Marcus und Webers, 1913.

Hourani, George F.; "The Chronology of Ghazali's Writings." JAOS, LXXIX

(1959), 225-33.-; "The Dialogue between al Ghazali and the Philosophers on the Origin

of the World." MW, XLVIII (1958), 183-91, 308-14.

Jabre, Farid; La notion de la ma'rifa chez Ghazali. Beirut: Imprimerie Ca-tholique, 1958.

-; La notion de certitude selon Ghazali dans ses origines psychologiques et historiques.

Paris: J. Vrin, 1958.-; "L'extase de Plotin et le fana' de Ghazali." Studia Islamica, VI (1956),

101-24.

-; Essai sur le lexique de Ghazali: Contribution a l'etude de la terminologie de

Ghazali dans ses principaux ouvrages a l'exception du Tahafut. Beirut: Im-

primerie Catholique, 1970.

-(tr.); Al-Munqid min adalal (Erreur et delivrance): Traduction francaise avecintroduction et notes. Beirut: Commission Internationale pour la Traduc-

tion des Chefs-d'oeuvre, 1959.-; "La biographie et l'oeuvre de Ghazali reconsiderees a la lumiere des

Tabaqat de Sobki." Melanges de l'Institut Dominicaine d'Etudes Orientales

du Caire, I (1954), 73-102.

Kamali, Sabih Ahmad (tr.); Al-Ghazali's Tahafut al-Falasifa (Incoherence of the

Vol. XIII 1977 125

Philosophers). Lahore: Ashraf Press, 1953.

Kassim, Husain; "Existentialist Tendencies in Ghazali and Kierkegaard."

Islamic Studies, X (1971), 103-28.

Kempfner, Gaston; "Rationalisme et mystique: A propos d'al-Ghazali." IBLA,

XXI (1958), 153-60.

Kindermann, Hans (tr.); Uber die Guten Sitten beim Essen und Trinken das ist das

11. Buch von al-Ghazzali's Hauptwerk; Ubersetzung und Bearbeitung als ein

Beitrag zur Geschichte unserer Tischsitten. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1964.

Krawulsky, Dorothea (tr.); Briefe und Reden des Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Gazzali,

ubersetzt und erlautert. Freiburg: Klaus Schwarz, 1971.

Lambton, A. K. S.; "The Theory of Kingship in the Nasihat al-Muluk of

Ghazali." The Islamic Quarterly, I (1954), 47-55.

Laoust, Henri; La politique de Gazali. Paris: Geuthner, 1971.

Lazarus-Yafeh, Hava; "Place of the Religious Commandments in the Philosophy

of al-Ghazali." MW, LI (1961), 173-84.-; "Philosophical Term s as a Criterion of Authenticity in the writings

of al-Ghazzali." Studia Islamica, XXV (1966), 111-21.-; "Etude sur la polemique Islamo-Chretienne: Qui etait l'auteur de

al-Radd al-gamil li-ilahiyat 'Isa bi-sarih al-Ingil attribue a al-Gazzali?"

REI, (1969), 219-38.-; "Some Notes on the Term 'Taqlid' in the Writings of Al-Ghazzali."

Israel Oriental Studies, I (1971), 249-56.

-; Studies in al-Ghazzali. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, 1975.

Lelong, Michel; "Actualite de Ghazzali." IBLA, XXI (1958), 195-212.

Lohr, Charles H.; "Logica Algazelis: Introduction and Critical Text." Tra-

ditio, XXI (1965), 223-90.

Macdonald, Duncan Black; "The Life of al-Ghazzali, with Especial Reference

to His Religious Experiences and Opinions." JAOS, XX (1899), 71-132.-; "Al-Ghazzali." SEI, 111-14.

-(tr.); "Emotional Religion in Islam as Affected by Music and Singings,Being a Translation of a Book of the Ihya' 'Ulum ad-Din of al-Ghazali

with Analysis, Annotation, and Appendices." JRAS, 1901, 195-252,

705-48; 1902, 1-22.-; "The Meanings of the Philosophers by al-Ghazzali." Isis, XXV

(1936). 9-15; XXVII (1937), 9-10.Maejima, Shinji; "Isuramu no shinpishugi to bukkyo: Gazari no shogai o

126 ORIENT


chushin toshite" (Islamic Mysticism and Buddhism with reference to

the Life of Ghazali), Toyogakujutsukenkyu (Journal of Oriental Studies),

IV, No. 10 (1966), 15-27.

Malter, Heinrich (tr.); Abhandlung des Abu Hamid al-Ghazzali. Antworten auf

Fragen die an ihn Gerichtet Wurden. Frankfurt a. M.: 1896.

Margoliouth, D. S.; "Ghazzali." Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics (ed. by

James Hastings. 13 vols.; New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1908-27),II, 677-80.

Marmura, Michael E.; "The Logical Role of the Argument from Time in the

Tahafut's Second Proof for the World's Pre-eternity." MW, XLIX

(1959), 306-14.Massignon, Louis; "Le Christ dans les Evangiles selon Ghazali." REI, VI

(1932), 523-36.Matsumoto, Akiro; "Aru-Gazari no kami ni tsuite" (On al-Ghazali's Concept

of God), Chuseishisokenkyu (Journal of Study of Medieval Thought), XII

(1970), 141-52.-; "Aru-Gazari no kami no sonzaishomie ni tsuite" (On al-Ghazali's

Proof of the Existence of God), Shukyokenkyu (Journal of Religious

Studies), XLIV, No. 206 (1971), 77-79.-; "Gazari ni okeru shukyokanjo to shinko no ronri" (Religious Sen-

timents and the Logic of Faith in Ghazali), Isuramusekai (The World

of Islam), No. 9 (1973), 25-36.

McKane, William (tr.); Al-Ghazali's Book of Fear and Hope. Leiden: E. J. Brill,

1965.

Mehren, A. F.; "Etudes sur la philosophie d'Averrhoes concernant son rapport

avec celle d'Avicenne et Gazzali." Le Museon, VII (1888), 613-27;

VIII (1889), 5-20.

Meier, F.; "Bucherbesprechungen-al-Gazzali, Abu Hamid Muhammad:

Nasihat 'l-Muluk. Herausgeg. v. Galal-i Huma'i, Teheran, Maglis

1315-17 (samsi)." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft,

XCIII (1939), 395-408.

Muckle, J. T. (ed.); Algazel's Metaphysics: A Mediaeval Translation. Toronto:

St. Michael's College, 1933.

Muhiy-ud-Din, A. H. M.; "Al-Ghazali: Recollection of His Works." The

Islamic Literature, VI (1954), 591-604.

Naish, C. D.; "Al Ghazali on Penitence." MW, XVI (1926), 6-18.

Vol. XIII 1977 127

Nakamura, Kojiro; "Gazari no shinpishiso: tawhidron o chushin toshite"

(Ghazali's Mystical Thought with reference to His Concept of Tawhid),Shukyokenkyu (Journal of Religious Studies), XLIII, No. 203 (1970),

99-121.-; "A Structural Analysis of Dhikr and Nembutsu." Orient, VII (1971),

75-96.-; "Gazari no shinpishugyoron (I) (II): Dhikr to Du'a'o chushin toshite"

(al-Ghazali's Theory of Mystical Exercises (I) (II), with reference toDhikr and Du'a'), The Memoirs of the Institute of Oriental Culture, LIII

(1971), 101-80; LVII (1972), 215-301.

-(tr.); Ghazali on Prayer. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, 1973.-; "Gazarikenkyu to sono mondaiten (I): Chusei yori 19seikimatsu

made o chushin toshite" (The Study of al-Ghazali and Its Problems (I),

with reference to the Studies from the Middle Ages through the End

of the 19th Century), The Memoirs of the Institute of Oriental Culture,

LXVII (1975), 1-110.-; "Gazarikenkyu to sono mondaiten (II): Kaishin to intai no mondai

o chushin toshite" (The Study of al-Ghazali and Its Problems (II), with

reference to the Problem of His Conversion and Retirement), The Memoirs

of the Institute of Oriental Culture, LXIX (1976), 131-92.-; "Aru-Gazari," Seiyotetsugakushi no Kisochishiki (Elementary Knowledge

in the History of Western Philosophy) (ed. by Keizo Ikumatsu et al,

Tokyo: Yuhikaku, 1977), 94.

Obermann, Julian; Der philosophische und religiose Subjektivismus Ghazalis; Ein

Beitrag zum Problem der Religion. Wien & Leipzig: Wilhelm Braumuller,

1921.

Ochoa, L. Duran; "Abu Hamed Ben Mohamed Algazali." Africa, Nos.

63-4 (1947), 138-40.

Othman, Ali Issa; The Concept of Man in Islam in the Writings of al Ghazali.

Cairo: Dar al-Maaref, 1960.

Padwick, Constance E.; "Al-Ghazali and the Arabic Versions of the Gospels."

MW, XXIX (1939), 130-40.

Pedersen, J.; "Ein Gedicht al-Gazali's." Le Monde Orientale, XXV (1931),

230-49.

Pennings, G.J.; "God's Decrees and Man's Responsibility: An Attempt by

al-Ghazali to Reconcile the Two." MW, XXXI (1941), 23-28.

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Pretzl, Otto (tr.); Die Streitschrift des Gazali gegen die Ibahija, im persischen Text

herausgegeben und ubersetzt. Munchen: Die Bayerische Akademie der

Wissenschaft, 1933.

Quraishi, M. A.; "Al-Ghazali's Philosophy of Education." Journal of theMaharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, XIII (1964), 63-69.

Rahman, S. M.; "Al-Ghazzali." Islamic Culture, I (1927), 406-11.

Reza-ur-Rahim; "Al-Ghazzali's Shifa' al-Ghalil (An 800 Years Old Arabic

Manuscript on the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence)." Islamic Studies,

II (1963), 399-401.

Renon, A.; "L'education des enfants des le premier age par l'Imam al-Gha-

zali." IBLA, VIII (1945), 57-74.

Ritter, Hellmut (tr.); Das Elixir der Gluckseligkeit. Jena: Eugen Diederichs,

1923.

Robson, James; "Al-Ghazali and the Sunna." MW, XLV (1955), 324-33.

Sabbagh, Toufic (tr.); Letter au disciple (Ayyuha 'l-Walad): Traduction francaise.

Beirut: Commission Internationale pour la Traduction des Chefs-

d'oeuvre, 1959.

Salman, D.; "Algazel et les latins." Archives d'Histoire Doctrinale et Litteraire

du Moyen Age, 1935/36, 103-27.

Sawwaf, Abdul-Fattah; Al-Ghazzali: Etude de la reforme ghazzalienne dans l'histoire

de son developpement. These presente a la Faculte des Lettres de l'Univer-

site de Fribourg (Suisse), pour l'obtention du grade de docteur, 1962.

Scherer, George H. (tr.); O Youth, Being a Translation of al-Ghazali's Ayyuha'l-Walad. Beirut: The American Press, 1933.

Sherif, Mohamed Ahmed; Ghazali's Theory of Virtue. Albany: State Univer-

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Abbreviations:

EI2: Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)

IBLA: Revue de l'Institut des Belles Lettres Arabes a Tunis.

JAOS: Journal of the American Oriental Society.

JRAS: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.

MFO: Melanges de la Faculte Orientale de l'Universite St. Joseph de Beyrouth.

MW: The Muslim World.

REI: Revue des Etudes Islamiques.

SEI: Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam.

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Documents

A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON IMAM AL-GHAZALI