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TTT Language School

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gor er-ee gor gi A chicken. kor ki nai lo The eggs are in the coop. kor kuat k ng rao The bottles belong to us. kor kwaai ko naa The buffalo goes to the field. kor kon k ung k ng A serious person. kor r-kang kang f a A bell beside the wall. ngor ngoo jai gla A brave snake.

jor jaan chi dee A good plate to use. chor chng dtee dang The handbells ring loud. chor chang wng nh e The elephant runs away. sor sh lam dee The chain robe good. chor g cher ko gan A pair of trees. yor y ng soh paa A pretty girl. dor ch-daa s am plan Put on the dancer s crown.TTT Language School

dtor bp tak h on h n The rapid spear. thor t an ko maa rong The base supported. thor mon-tho nh k ao Mrs. Montho has a white face. thor po to dern yng The old person walks hunched over. nor nen mi mong The novice does not look. dor dk dtng ni-mon The children must invite. dtor dto l ng dtoong

~4~

The turtle has a humped back. thor ht ong bek k n The bag carries. tor ta-haan t ton The soldier is patient.

The bees make their hive. for f a ton taan The lid is strong. por paan waang dtng The tray is placed. for fan s-at jang The teeth are very clean. por s m-pao gaang bai The junk spreads its sails. mor ma kuk-kuk The horse chomps at the bit. yor yk keow yi The giant has big fangs. ror reua paai bpai The boat rows past.

lor ling dti raao The monkey climbs the railing. wor w en long yaa The ring is in lacquer. sor s a-laa ngap ng o The pavilion is lonely and quiet. sor reu see nat yaao The forest hermit has a long mustache. sor s ua daao k nong A tiger leopard. hor hep si pa A trunk of clothes. lor jo-laa ta p-y ng The chula kite poised to attack. or ang neuang nong A basin fulled.

tor tong kon n-yom The people s favorite flag. nor n o kwuk kwi The rats run around. bor bai mai tp t m The leaves pile on each other. bpor bplaa dtaa glom The fish has round eyes.

por peung tam rangTTT Language School

~5~

hor nk hok dtaadtoh The owl has big eyes.

Greeting someone Dialog; A. Sawtdii khrp How are you? Hello.

Khun sabaidii l krap B. I'm fine.

Chan sabaidii kh Khpkhun And you? Thank you.

LaewKhunLaKha A. I'm fine.

PhomSabaiDiiKrapTTT Language School

~6~Notes ; Sawasdii is a very common salute in Thailand. It may be used for greeting someone or for leavetaking.

It is usually accompanied by a 'wai' (

).

The 'wai' is illustrated in the picture below. The height of the hands in the 'wai' is in inverse ratio to the age and social position of the participants.

Grammar Notes The personal pronouns Phom, Chan, Khun and Kao are pronouns in Thai. Phom means 'I' and is used by males(PhuuChai) only. Chan, Dichan ( in formal usage Dichan) means 'I' and is used only by females.(PhuuYing) Khun is polite for 'you'. Caoh (in slow distinct speech Khao) means 'he, she, or they'. sabaidii sabaidii 'to be well, to be in good health' is a verb. The verb in

Thai does not undergo changes in form, hence sabaidii might be translated 'am, is, are fine' according to its subject. Word order in the sentenceTTT Language School

~7~

The subject precedes the verb in Thai, hence the sentence Phom sabaidii is the most common type of a statement.

Changing statements into questions Statements may be changed into questions by adding a question word at the end. Statement: Question: 'You're well.' 'Are you well?'

Khun sabaidii Khun sabaidii leuh

The question word

Leuh

reuh is a question word that is used to ask for verification. It may occur after words, phrases, or sentences. It is usually unstressed and may be pronounced in any of the following ways:y y

When sentence final:

lh

L h l

rh r

r h

Before kr p/ ka : r l

Final Polite Particles kr p (or k p) is a particle used as the final element of statements or questions. It indicates the the speaker is male. It is often pronounced h in rapid speech. k is a particle used as the final element of a statement. It indicates that the speaker is female. It may be pronouncedTTT Language School

in rapid speech.

~8~

k is similar in usage to k except that it is used at the end of a question. In rapid speech h may be used instead of .

The omission of the polite particles khrap, kha and kha may result in rather abrupt-sounding or impolite speech; it is, therefore, advisable to put one in at least once each utterance. la ew laew 'and' is used to connect sentences. (khun, khao, etc.) la ( krap, kha) is a kind of echo type question; that is, it forms a question which is based on the previous statement. Statement: Echo question: I'm fine And how are you?

Phom sabaidii laewkhunlakhrap Drills Expansion drill sabai (am) fine I am fine. sabaidii / Phom/chan Sabaidii / SabaidiiTTT Language School

(am) fine

Phom/chan I am fine.

~9~

Substitution drill I am fine You are fine. He/She/They is/are fine. You are fine. I am fine.

PhomSabaidiiKhrap KhunSabaidii KhaoSabaidii Krap KhunSabaidii PhomSabaidii Krap

Repeat the drill using / for / Substitution drill And you?

LaewKhunlaKhrap And he?

LaewKhaolaKhrap And you?

LaewKhunlaKhrapTTT Language School

~ 10 ~

And they?

LaewKhaolaKhrap Drill

PhomSabaidii laewKhunLa khrap

PhomSabaidii laewKhaola khrap

PhomSabaidii laewKhunLa khrap

Repeat the drill using / for / Transformation drill (change into questions with Statement / KhunSabaidii Khao/Ther sabaidii Question / Are you well? Is she well? KhunSabaidiiLu Khao/Ther sabaidii luTTT Language School

Lu)

~ 11 ~

Dialog variation drill If there are female members of the class, repeat the basic dialog using female pronouns and polite words. Exercisesy

y

y

y

Each person inquires about the health of the person next to him, to which that person replies that he is fine. The instructor asks each student how he is, and each student replies. Each student asks the instructor how he is, and the instructor responds. The instructor has student A ask student B how student C's health is, to which student B replies that it is good. (The instructor should continue this exercise until every student has asked and responded at least once.) I (female speaker) (to be) good polite particle, statement by a female polite particle, question by a female he, she; they (third person, singular and plural). It does not refer to things. thank you

Vocabulary ,, Chan,Dichan,Dichan Dii , Kha,ha , Kha,ha , Khao,Khaow Khopkhun

TTT Language School

~ 12 ~

, Khun

,

Khrap,ha,Khap

polite particle, used in statements and questions by males you (singular only) polite form question word

la and (sentence connective) Laew Phom , , Sawatdii , question word to feel well, be in good health hello (used for greeting or leavetaking) reu,reuh,leu,leuh Sabaidii I (male speaker)

Finding out someone's name. Prabas: SawatdiiKhrap John:

Hello. My name is Suphap. Excuse me. What is your name? My name is John.TTT Language School

PhomcheuSuphap Kho Thod KhunCheuAraiKhrap

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PhomCheuJohn Khrap Suphap: John: KarunaPudIikTiiDaiMaihKhrap Could you please repeat that? My name is John. Excuse me, what s Mr. Suphap surname?

PhomCheuJohnKhrap

KhoThod KhunSuphapNamsakuunArai Suphap: My surname is Rakwong. PhomNamsakuun Rakwong Khrap Excuse me, yours surname Thomson, isn't it?

Khothod KhunJohnNamsakuun Thomson chaimaih John: MaihchaiKhrap Suphap: John: My surname is Smith. John Smith, huh? That's right.) and the appropriate may be used

No, it isn't.

Note: For female members of the class use Mary ( instead of

pronouns and particles instead of John. If the instructor is female,

with appropriate changes.

Notes on the dialogTTT Language School

~ 14 ~

y

y y

cheu means 'name' or 'to be named' but refers only to the first or given name. Naamsakuun means 'surname'. Khothod means 'excuse me' or 'pardon me' and is used in the same way as the English words. Karunaa means 'please, kindly...' and is followed by a request form. Iiktii 'again' means literally 'an additional time'. Khun is a polite title that may be used with names of either sex. It is normally put before a person's given name, since that is the name that one is usually addressed by in Thailand. KhunAaree 'Miss Aree', KhunThawon 'Mr. Thawon', KhunNongkran 'Mrs. Nongkran' KhunBrown 'Mr. Brown'. Khun may be placed before the family names of foreigners, thus

y

y y

Grammar Notes Arai What? The word 'what?' occupies the same position in the sentence as the word it refers to. Question What is your name? Answer ChaiMaih My name is John.

When is added to a statement, it becomes a question. It is used when the speaker is seeking confirmation of something. It is very similar in usage to (see ) which it can replace in many situations.TTT Language School

~ 15 ~

Question

Your name is Thaworn, isn't it? KhunCheuThaworn ChaimaihKrapm Yes, it is. No, it isn't.

Affirmative response: ChaiKhrap Negative response: MaihChaiKhrap Cheu

If one wishes to disagree with a question with and give additional information, it can be done in either of the following ways: Question Your name's Somsak, isn't it? KhunSomsak ChaiMaihKhrap Negative response 1: MaihChaiKhrap PhomCheuPreechaa It isn't Somsak. My name's Pricha. I'm not named Somsak. MaihChaiSomsak Negative response 2: PhomCheuPreechaa PhomMaihDai ChueSomsak (My name's Pricha. ItTTT Language School

No, it is not. My name's Pricha.

~ 16 ~

isn't Somsak.)* Do not use contrastive stress as you would in English (My name isPricha. It isn't Somsak.) Observe that

can occur before a name (a noun) but not before (a verb),

must be used before .

leu Questions ending with are normally answered affirmatively with

, which indicates that what the speaker assumed to be true is indeed true. Question You're named Prapas? KhunCheuPraphas LeuKhrap Affirmative response: Khrap That's right.

The usual negative response to questions with Question

is

, thus:

(You're) Pricha?

KhunCheuPreechaa leuKhrap Negative response: MaihChaiKhrap ( ... ...) PhomCheu .. If one wishes to register strong disagreement with a may respond with .PraoTTT Language School

No, I'm not. I'm...

question, he

~ 17 ~

Question

He is named Pricha? No, he is not named Pricha.

KhaoCheuPreechaaLeuKhrap Negative response: PraoKhaoMaihDai CheuPreechaa

He is Somsak.

KhaoCheuSomsak Grammar Drills Expansion Drills Arai AraiKrap Arai AraiKhrap CheuAraiKhrap Cheu Arai Khrap Khun Cheu Arai Khrap Khothod KhunCheuAraiKhrap

John

JohnKhrap CheuJohnKhrap PhomCheuJohnKhrap

TTT Language School

~ 18 ~

Sam

KhaoCheuAraiKrap

SamKhrap CheuSamKhrap KhaoCheuSamKhrap

Recognition and Familiarization Drills Q: Khothod KhunCheuAraiKhrap John: Q: Mary: Q: Bill: Q:

PhomCheuJohnKhrap Khothod KhunCheuAraiKhrap DichanCheuMaryKha Khothod KhunCheuAraiKhrap PhomCheuBillKhrap Khothod KhunCheuAraiKhrap George: Q: PhomCheuGeorgeKhrap KhothodKhunCheuAraiKhrapTTT Language School

~ 19 ~

Sam:

PhomCheuSamKhrapWhenever masculine pronouns and polite forms occur, the instructor may replace them with the equivalent feminine forms. To save space generally only the masculine forms will be given.

Response Drills 1. The teacher asks the question

'What's your name?' and

each student responds with 'My name is ...' giving his correct name. 2. The teacher has each student address the following question to him: and the teacher responds with his correct name. 3. Teacher asks each student the following question:

and each student responds with his correct name. 4. Pairs of students take turns asking and answering the question: 5. Each student asks another student his name using an incorrect name, to which the student responds by giving his correct name. 6. Each student asks another student his name using an incorrect name, to which the student responds by giving his correct name. 7. The following question is to be asked using the real names of the students: Question: (X) Answer: (X)

8. The following question is to be asked using an incorrect student name: Question: (X) TTT Language School

~ 20 ~

Answer:

(Y)

9. The question following may be used with the correct or incorrect name of the student addressed. The answer will depend on the question. Question: (X) Answer:

(Y) (X)

Repeat drills 7, 8, and 9 may be repeated with preceding each question if desired. 10. The teacher has each student address to him the question (X) using an incorrect name, to which he gives the following That's not right, (Y) my name is Y. (X) or (Y) My name is Y. (X) My name isn't X. My name isn't X.

response:

Transformation Drills Use the actual names of students. Student 1 Student 2

TTT Language School

~ 21 ~

(or) Substitution Drill

Have the students (in pairs) participate in short dialogs like the model below using their actual names. Student 1 Student 2

What is your name?

My name is John.

It's John, is it? No, it isn't.

It isn't George? Expansion Drill NaKhrap AraiNaKhrap NaKhrap AraiNaKhrap

(Question)

What? What is your name?

CheuAraiNaKhrap (Question)

What? What is your surname?

NamsakuunAraiNaKhrapTTT Language School

~ 22 ~

NaKhrap AraiNaKhrap WahAraiNaKhrap

(Question)

What? ... What did (you) say?

Puud wahAraiNaKhrap What did you say?

KhunPuud wahAraiNaKhrap

Progressive Substitution Drill Cue Pattern , ,

TTT Language School

~ 23 ~

Transformation Drill Model: Instructor: Student:

Instructor:

Cue: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Response Drill Affirmative: Instructor: Yes. Student: Negative: Instructor: No. Student: Cue: Question: No (it isn't). Response:TTT Language School

It's Brown, is it?

Yes (it is).

It's Brown, is it?

~ 24 ~

Yes No Yes No Yes

ExercisesStudents are to take the roles below.y

y

y

y

y

Mr. Jones meets Mr. Smith on the street. They greet each other and inquire about each other's health. Mr. Wichai meets Miss Nongkran and says, 'Excuse me. Isn't your name Absorn?' Miss Nongkran says that is not correct but that her correct name is Nongkran. Mr. Pricha sees Mr. Wichai and says, 'Hello, Mr. Somsak.' Mr. Wichai says, 'Excuse me. My name is not Somsak. It's Wichai'. Mr. Smith meets a Thai at the Embassy and says, 'Excuse me. What is your name?' The man says, 'My name is Pricha. What's yours?' Smith gives his name. Miss Nongkran accidentally bumps Mr. Wichai and asks his pardon.

The teacher asks the students to bring in pictures of well-known persons. In class the students ask each other the names of the persons pictured, sometimes intentionally using the incorrect name.

Vocabulary what (question word) in addition, more

TTT Language School

~ 25 ~

again, one more time Bill (name) Brown (name) to be so, to be it, be the one (meant, intended) Isn't it so? Isn't it the one? name, to be named George (name) John (name) Can (you)? Could (you)? Are (you) able to? Dick (name) Kambhu (Thai family name) please, kindly Mr, Mrs, Miss (a polite title) Malee (Thai girl's name)

It is not so. It is not the one (meant). Negative response question word Mary (name)

particle used to make the question sound less abrupt family name to speak, talk, say

TTT Language School

~ 26 ~

No (it isn't so). Particle indicating strong disagreement with the information content of the question Prabas (Thai male first name) Pricha (Thai male first name) Rakthai (Thai family name) Smith (name) Thaworn (Thai male first name) instance, case, time that (when used with verbs like )

Classroom Expressions PuudIik / Please repeat after me.TTT Language School

Please repeat.

~ 27 ~

PuudTaamChan Fang KhunPuudPid KhunPuudThuukLeaw LongPuudIikTee SiangKhuPid SiangKhunThuuk Please speak in Thai. Don't speak English. Please say it in chorus. Answer one at a time. Speak louder. Open your book. PuudPasaThai JahPuudPasaAngkit PuudPromtGan TobTiiLaKon DperdNangSueTTT Language School

Please listen. You said it wrong. You said it right. Try to say it. Your tone is wrong. Your tone is right.

PuudDangDangNoi

~ 28 ~

DperdNangSeu JahDuuNangSue

Close your book. Don't look at your book.

TTT Language School

~ 29 ~

Basic dialog: Identifying objects A: KhunMiiPheanTiiMaih B: MeeKhrap A: Is it good? It's good. What's this? That's a picture. A picture of what? A picture of a temple. Is it pretty? It's pretty. And what's this called? MeeMaih B: DeeKhrap A: NiiArai B: NunRuupArai A: B: A: B: A: RuupAraiKhrap RuupWatKhrap SuayMaihKhrap SuayKhrap LeawNiiReakWaahAraiKhrapTTT Language School

Do you have a map? I do.

~ 30 ~

B: A: B:

It's called a 'window'. Excuse me. Don't open the window. Excuse me. What did you say? I didn't understand. Could you please speak slowly. I said, 'Don't open the window.'

LeakWaahNaahTangKhrap Khorthod JahPerdNahTangKhrap Khorthod KhunPuudWaahAraiKhrap PhomMaihKhaoJai A: KarunaPuudChachaNoiDaiMaih PuudWaahJahPerdNaahTang.NOTE: The Instructor should have the objects referred to before him and should point to them when necessary.

Notes on the basic dialogy

Wat is used to refer to the Buddhist temple compound. This includes the temple and other related buildings in the compound (usually fenced in with a gate). It may be translated as 'church, etc.' when referring to places of worship for other religions. Naow means 'cold' when referring to the weather or a person's feeling about the weather. Chaa means 'slow(ly)'. It is repeated for emphasis. Nii refers to a place near the speaker; away from the speaker; and Noon, still farther away from the speaker, but within view.

y

y y

Grammar notes Stative verbsTTT Language School

~ 31 ~

Dii, Suay, Naow, and Rohn are called stative verbs in Thai. They can be translated as 'to be good', 'to be be pretty', 'to be cold', and 'to be hot'. Omission of the subject When the meaning is clear the subject of the sentence may be omitted, thus: Question MeeTo Do (you) have a table? hMaihKhrap Answer MeeKhrap Negation of the verb A negative sentence is formed by repeating MaihMee 'don't have' MaihDii '(is) not good', etc. before the main verb: (I) do.

Use of the question word Mai (in slow speech ) is a question word that is used when a simple YES or NO answer is expected. The affirmative answer is a repetition of the main verb: Question: Do you have a book? MeeNangSueMaihKh rap Answer: MeeKhrap In the negative answer Maih is repeated before the main verb:TTT Language School

I do.

~ 32 ~

Question: Answer:

MeeNangSueMaih

Do you have a book?

MaihMeeKh (No) I don't. rap

Plurality in the noun There is no distinction in form between the singular and plural of nouns in Thai, thus means 'a table' or 'tables' (in general). However, plurality in general may be indicated by other forms in the noun phrase, thus: 'some good tables' where repeating the stative verb serves this purpose. Jah in negative request When 'don't' is repeated before a command or request form, it is changed into a negative command or request: open the door. PerdPraTuu Don't open the door. JahPerdPratuu Nii, Nun, Noon in verbless sentences When , 'this' , 'that' or 'that one over there' is the subject, the sentence has no verb expressed. 'This (is) a table' NiiTohTTT Language School

~ 33 ~

Leu in negative questions When yes-no type questions are asked in the negative, question word used, Negative question: RongRe 'Isn't the school any good?' anMaiDiiLeu Confirmatory response: 'No, it isn't.' Khrap Since is used to indicate that the information in the question is correct, and the information was given in the negative, it must be translated as 'No, it isn't.' Prao as a response would indicate that the information in the question was incorrect, and it would be translated something like 'On the contrary', is usually followed by a sentence giving the correct information: can not be used. is the

Negative question: 'The food isn't any good, huh?' AaharnMaiDiiLeuKhrap Contradictory response: 'On the contrary it's good.' PraoKhrap Dii Grammar DrillsTTT Language School

~ 34 ~

Substitution drill Cue Pattern rap What's that? What's that (over there)? What's this? What's that? What's that (over there)? What's this?

NunAraiKhrap NoonAraiKhrap NiiAraiKhrap NunAraiKhrap NoonAraiKhrap NiiAraiKhrap NunAraiKh What's that?

Recognition and Familiarization Drill Question Answer

TTT Language School

~ 35 ~

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

()

door

() window () () () table book notebook map

() ()

blackboard

8. 9.

pencil pen

Note: The instructor points at the object referred to during the drill.) Response drill While pointing at the objects referred to in the previous drill, the instructor asks questions and the students respond as in the following example:

TTT Language School

~ 36 ~

Instructor: Student:

Recognition and familiarization drill Question 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Answer

Note:The instructor points at the object referred to during the drill. Response drillTTT Language School

~ 37 ~

While pointing at the objects in the previous drill, the instructor asks questions and the students respond as in the following example: Instructor: NunReakWa What's that called? That's a blackboard.

hAraiKhrap Student: NunReakWahKradaanKhrap

Substitution Response Drill The Instructor points at one of the objects previously named, and two students carry on an exchange like the following: Instructor: Student 1: (Pointing at the door of the classroom)

NunReakWahAraiKhrap Student 2: PratuuKhrap Student 1: () Khrap Substitution Drill Cue Pattern TTT Language School

NunReakWahPratuuLeuKhrap Student 2:

Do you have a map?

~ 38 ~

KhunMeePheantiiMaihKhrap Do you have a book? Do you have a notebook? Do you have a pencil? Do you have a watch? KhunMeeNangseuMaihKhrap KhunMeeSamudMaihKhrap ehMaihKhrap MaihKhrap Khun Do you have a newspaper? MeeNangseuPimMahiKhrap KhunMee Do you have paper? KhunMeeNgen Do you have money? KhunMeeDinSorhMaihKhrap KhunMeeNarikaaMaihKhrap KhunMeeBure Do you have a cigarette?

KradasMaihKhrap Response drill Cue yes no yes Pattern TTT Language School

Response MeeKhrap MaihMeeKhrap

KhunMeeNabgseuMaihKhrap KhunMeeKradasMaihKhrap

~ 39 ~

KhunMeeSamuudMaihKhrap no yes no no KhunMeeRuupMaih KhunMeeDinsohMaihKhrap KhunMeePheantiiMaihKhrap Khrap Response Drill Cue Question yes no yes no yes no yes KhaoDiiMaih AaharnDiiMaih RuubSuayMaih RongreanDiiMaih KhunRon ap NauhKhrap MaihDiiKhrap SuayKhrapTTT Language School

MeeKhrap MaihMeeKhrap MeeKhrap MaimeeKhrap

KhuMeeBureehMaihKhrap

Response DiiKhrap MaihDiiKhrap DiiKhrap MaihRonhKhr

KhaoDiiMaihKhrap

hMaih AakadNauhMaih

~ 40 ~

no

MaihDiiKhrap

NangSeuDiiMaih

Substitution Drill Cue Pattern PheanTiiDiiMaih KhaoDiiMaih KhruDiiMaih PaakKaaDiiMaih Is the pencil good? Is the blackboard good? DinSohDiiMaih KradaanDamDiiMaih Is the watch good? Is the pen good? Is the school good? Is the teacher good? RongReanDiiMaih Is the book good? Is he good? PaakKaaDiiMaih Is the map good?

NarikaDiiMaihTTT Language School

~ 41 ~

aih

KradasDiiM Is the paper good? Is the food good?

AaharnDiiMaih Progressive substitution drill Cue Pattern The weather's good. The weather's cold. I'm cold. They're cold. They're pretty. The picture's pretty. The pen's pretty. The pen's good. The food's good. The food's hot.TTT Language School

AaKadDii AaKadNNuaw PhomNuaw KhaoSuay RuupSuay PaakKaaSuay PaakKaaDii AaharnDii KhaoNuaw

~ 42 ~

AaharnRonh KhaoDii Transformation drill (change statements into questions) Statement Question RuupSuay WatSuay AakadNuaw AaharnDii KhunRonh RongReanDii He's hot. He's good. KhaoRonh

Transformation drill (change statements into the negative) Statement RongreanDiiTTT Language School

Negative

~ 43 ~

AakaadNuaw KhaoRonh AaharnRonh RuupSuay KruuDii Transformation drill (change from negative statement to negative question!) Negative statement 1. 2. RongreanDiiMaih AakadMaihNuaw 3. 4. Negative question

KhaoMaihRonh RuupMaihSuay 5. KhruuMaihDii Transformation drill (change the statements into questions)TTT Language School

~ 44 ~

Statement KhaoDii AaharnMaihRonh RuupMaihSuay KruuDii AaharnMaihDii KhaoSuay Response drill

Questions

KhaoMaihDii KhaoRonh

RongReanDii

PeanRiiMaihDii

Students will Indicate they are in agreement with the instructor's questions. Question ResponseTTT Language School

~ 45 ~

1. 2.

() ( )

NarigaaDiiLeuKhrap RongReanMaihDiiLeu 3. 4. 5. ( ( ( ) ) KhunNaohLeuKhrap AaharnMaihDiiLeuKhrap ) RuupSuayLeuKhrap

Lesson 4 Basic Dialog: Establishing Identity and Ownership of Objects A. Could you hand me that book?

ChuayShong NangSeuLemNan HaiPhomNoiDaiMaihKhrap B. DaiKhrap This book is good. NangSueLemNiiDiiTTT Language School

Yes.

~ 46 ~

KhongKraiKhrap A. KhongPheanPhomKhrap B.

Whose is it? A friend of mine. What's your friend's name? His name is John. Which person is named John? That person over there. Then who is (that) there? The woman or the man? The man. That's a student. Do you know him? Yes, I do. Who is he?TTT Language School

PheanKhunCheuAraiKhrap A. ( ) B.

(KhaoCheu)JohnKhrap KonNaihCheuJohnKhrap A. KonNoonKhrap B. LaeoNanKhraiKhrap A. B. PhuuYingLeuPhuuChaiyKhrap PhuuChaiyKhrap A. B. A. B. RuuJakKhrap NanNakReanKhrap KhunRuuJakKhaoMaihKhrap

~ 47 ~

KhaoPdenKhrai A. KhaoPdenPeanPhomKhrap Grammar notes Use of Unit Classifiers The following type of construction is used to indicate the number of items when referring to concrete nouns: Noun + NangSeu NakRean Gaowii Number + Shong Shong Shong Lem Kon Tua UnitClassifier two books two students two chairs He's my friend.

When specifying a particular noun in a class, the following type of construction is used: Noun + Unit Classifier + Determiner Phean Samud PaakGaa Lem Darm Kon Naan Nii Naih which pen? this notebook that friend

A unit classifier is one of a special class of nouns which are used in constructions to enumerate or specify concrete nouns. There are about 200 unit classifiers in Thai, and each of them is normally used with aTTT Language School

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large number of concrete nouns of very different meanings. Since the unit classifier must be used in any situation in which you wish to indicate the number of items (of concrete nouns) or wish to specify a particular item out of a group (of concrete nouns), you will have to learn which unit classifier is used with each noun. Since there is usually no obvious connection between the classifier and its Noun, using the correct one will be a matter of having learned it. There are a few classifiers for which noun reference is relatively predictable: Unit Classifier Noun Reference (Kon) (Tua) (Phean) (Bai) (Thang) people (professions and positions held by people) animals, objects with arms and legs flat objects containers sticks

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The Classifier Phrase as a Noun Replacement After a noun has been mentioned or otherwise identified, Classifier+Determiner or Number+Classifier can replace it in sentences following immediately: A. Here are 2books.

NiiNangSeuShongLem LemNaihKhongKhun Which is yours? B. A. B. LemNanKhrap MiiNangSeuhMaih I have two. MiiShongLem The classifier functions like a substitute word here, but it can not occur without either a number before it or a determiner after it. (Khong) used to indicate 'Possession' 'of' or 'belonging to is used to indicate 'possession'. It occurs after the thing possessed and before the possessor. Its occurrence in the Noun Phrase is optional when the head noun (thing possessed) is present, thus: his book Do you have any books? That one.

NangSeuKhongKhao or his book

LeuNangSeuhKhaoTTT Language School

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But the occurrence of is obligatory when the head noun is not present, thus: KhongKhao The head noun can be omitted only after it has been identified since acts as a replacement for the whole Noun Phrase. The Position of ' '(Khrai) in the Sentence like (see 2.2a) has the same position in the sentence as the noun it refers to, thus: Question: Answer: Question: Answer: KhaoPdenKhrai KhaoPdenPheanPhom KhunJohnPdenKhrai KhunJohnPdenKruuPhom (lit: John is who) What is John? John's my teacher He's my friend (lit: he is who) Who is he? his

When the main verb in the sentence is , normally occurs in the predicate. Observe that it may be translated 'what' in some situations. How to Express 'Being' The verb 'to be' is translated differently according to its subject and complement. Observe the following examples:TTT Language School

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Subject Nii Khruu Khao Drills Response Drill

Verb Keu Pden Cheu

Complement PheanKhao KhruuPhom John This is his friend John is my teacher He is (named) John

The instructor points at a student as he asks the question and gives the actual name of the student as the cue. He asks every student the question. Questions: / Nan/Nii KhraiKhrap (actual name of student pointed at) Cue: Answers: / (Joe) Nii/Nan Khun(Joe)Khrap This/that is (Joe) Who is that/this?

The instructor gives a cue and points at a student. One student asks and another answers questions like the following:

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Instructor: Student 1:

/ / ......... 2. 5. 3. 6.

(pointing at a student) That/this is Mr. Taworn isn't it? No, it isn't. Who is that/this? (That/this is) ___

Student 2: Student l: Student 2: 1. 4.

Repeat the drill using actual names of students in the class. Substitution Drill Cue Pattern Whose book (is it)? Whose watch (is it) Whose pencil (is it)? Whose picture (is it)? Whose chair (is it)? Whose pen (is it)?

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Whose newspaper (is it) Whose cigerette (is it) Whose book (is it)?

Response Drill The instructor points at an object near a student and asks him whose is it. The student's response indicates the actual owner. Model: Instructor: / Student: 1. 4. 7. Whose book is that/this? Mine/his/Jim's

/ / 3. 6 9.

2. 5. 8.

This drill may be repeated one time with students repeating the thing referred to in the answer: and one time with students repeating the thing referred to and / : Expansion Drill Cue 1. Expansion Whose?TTT Language School

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2. 3. 4.

Whose book?

Whose book is that? Whose? Whose pen?

Whose pen is that? Whose? Whose notebook? Whose notebook is this? Whose? Whose pencil?

Whose pencil is that?

Reduction Drill Change from Pattern 1 to Pattern 2. Change from Pattern 2 to Pattern 1. Pattern 1 NangSeuKhongKhrai Pattern 2 NangSeuKhrai Whose book?

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PaakKaaKhongKhrai PheanKhongKhrai Rean SamudKhongNak KaowEeKhongKhrai

PaakKaaKhrai PheanPhom KaowEeKhrai SamudNakRean

Whose pen? My friend. Whose chair. Studen t's notebo ok.

ongKhunJohn KhruuKhongRao SamiiKhongKhao

PhanrayaaKh

KhongJohn

Phanrayaa John's wife. Our teache r.

Her husba nd.

Recognition and Familiarization Drill Question Response

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That one. The one over there. That one. The one over there. That one. That one.

KonNaihCheuJohn Which person is named John? KonNaihCheuJohn Which person is named Jim? KonNaihCheuMary Which person is named Mary? KonNaihPdenPheanKhun Which person is your friend? KonNaihPdenKruu Which person is the teacher? KonNaihPdenNakRean Which person is a student? Response Drill The instructor asks the names of students. Instructor: Student: (actual name) Which person is named .. ? This/that person.

/ (pointing to the student):

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Expansion Drill 1. Naih 2. Nii KonNii PhuuYingKonNii 3. Noon KonNoon KruuKonNoon KruuKhongKonNoon

Which? Which one (person)? Which student? Which male student? This This one (person) This female. This female student. That over there. That one (person) over there. That teacher over there. That teacher of yours over there.

KonNaih NakReanKonNaih NakReanPhuuChaiyKonNai

NakReanPhuuYingKonNii

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4. Nan KonNan PeanKonNan PeanKhongKhunKonNan PeanPuuYingKhongKhunKonNan Expansion Drill 1.

That. That one (person). That friend. That friend of yours. That female friend of yours.

KonNaihCheuJohn NakReanKonNaihCheuJohn NakReanPhuuChaiyKonNaiCheuJohn 2. KonNunhCheuNongYaow PeanPhomKonNunhCheuNongYaow PeanPhuuYing

Which person is named John? Which student is named John? Which male student is named John? That person is named Nongyao That friend of mine is named Nongyao That female friend of mine is named Nongyao

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3.

NangSeuLemhNunhDii 4. KonNunhSuay PeanKonNunhSuay PeanKhongKhunKonNanSuay

That book is good. That book of yours is good. That one (person) is pretty. That friend is pretty. That friend of yours is pretty.

NangSeuKhongKhunLemNanDii

That female friend of yours is PeanPhuuYingKhongKhunKonNanSauy pretty.

Transformation Drill Pattern 1 KonNaihCheuJim

Pattern 2 KhunJimKonNaih Which one (person) is Jim? Which one is Praphas?

KonNaihCheuPrapas

KhunPrapasKonNai h

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Which one is Prasert?

KonNaiCheuPrasert

KhunPrasertKonNa ih KhunNatchaanun KonNaih KonNaihPden Which is your KruuKhongKhun teacher? KonNaih KonNaihPde Which one is Thavorn's wife? Which one is Natchana n?

KonNaihCheu Nutchaanun

KruuKhongKhun

nPden PanrayaKhunThaworn

PanrayaKhunThaw orn KonNaih

KonNaihSamii KhunMary

SamiiKhunMary KonNaih

Which one is Mary's husband?

Recognition and Familiarization DrillTTT Language School

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Question

Response

PhuuYingLeuPhuuChiay Woman or man? Man

CheuJohnLeuJim Is (he) named John or Jim? Jim

KonNunhLeuKonNoon That one or the one over there? The one over there.

KhaoPendKhruuLeuNakRean Is he teacher or a student? A student.

DiiLeuMaihDii (Is it) good or not? (It's) good. SuayLeuMaihSuay (Is she) pretty or not? (She is) not (pretty).

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KhongKhunLeuKhongKhao Yours or his? Response Drill Pairs of students engage in an exchange of the following kind using actual names of other student). Student 1: ____ (actual name) KhaoCheu Student 2: (pointing to the student) KhraiKhrap KhonNiiLeu Student 1: KhonNiiNahKhrap Response Drill Cue Question Response ( ) His.

CheuJohnLeuJim

KhonNunhLeuKhonNoon ( )

PenPheanLeuPenKhruuTTT Language School

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KhongKhunLeuKhongPhom PhuuYingKonNanh SuayLeuMaihSuay

CheuNiiDiiLeuMaihDii Response Drill Cue CheuJim PenPean , CheuJim,PenPeanPhom ,

CheuMary,PenPanraya KhunJohnTTT Language School

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CheuPrapas PenKruuPhom ,

CheuPrapas,PenKruuPhom CheuChodChioy PenKruu ,

CheuJohn,PenPeanPhom Recognition and Familiarization Drill The instructor points at two or more of the objects as he asks the question and selects one of them as he gives the response. Question 1. Response

NangSeuLemNaihDii

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Which book is good? That one. 2.

PaakKaaDarmNaiDii Which pen is good? 3. That one.

DinSorhThaeng Which pencil is good? This one. 4.

GaowiiTuaNaihDii Which chair is good? That one. 5.

PaenTiiPaenhNaiDii Which map is good? This one. Response Drill Selecting two each of the objects listed below, the instructor asks questions about ownership using the following model: Instructor: Here are 2 books.

NiiNangSeuShongLem Which (one) is yours?TTT Language School

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LemNaihKhongKhun Student 1: 1. 3. 5. / Gaowii Dinshor Naligaa 2. This one/that one. Samud

4. PaakGaa

In the question may be replaced by or / Substitution Drill Cue Pattern ( ) ( )

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Substitution Drill Cue Pattern , , , , , ,

Exercisesy

One student points at an object and asks who it belongs to. Another student (the actual owner) says that it's his. Continue until ownership has been established for all the objects the students are familiar with. Find out the names of all the students by asking questions like this: What's the name of that person? A student will respond with theTTT Language School

y

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real name.y

Find out the names of all the students by asking questions like this: Who is named ____? (using the names of students). The student with the name will respond: I am (named) ____. One student will point to an object and will ask another student if it's his. He will respond that it is. Find out if other students think various objects in the room are good or beautiful. Ask someone to pass you something. He pretends he isn't sure which one you want and asks, 'This one or that one'. You indicate which one and he passes it. You thank him. classifier for 'picture', etc. Jim (name) Chotchoi (Thai female first name) please classifier for 'pen', etc. can, could, be able for (the benefit of)

y

y

y

Vocabulary

()

people, also classifier for humans of, belonging to

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who, what (in some constructions) classifier for 'book'

Nongyaw (Thai female first name) () student, pupil that (determiner) which (one(s)) (determiner) this (determiner) Nuchanan (female first name) the one over there (determiner) to be , wife (elegant term) classifier for 'map, picture, paper' sheet-like () man, boy (male human of any age) woman, girl (female human of any age) Prasert (male first name) we, our, usTTT Language School

, , ,

()

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, , etc.

to know, to be acquainted with, to be familiar with or classifier for 'watch, clock' husband (elegant term)

to pass, to hand (someone something) two classifier for 'animals, objects with legs (chairs, tables, etc.) classifier for 'pencil', etc.

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Lesson 5 JuBasic dialog: Mr. Smith meets a Thai in the provinces. (Part I) A: SawasDiiKhrp B: You speak Thai very well. What nationality are you? I'm an American. You (can) speak Thai very well. KhunPuudPasaThaiKengJang A: B: PenKhonChartAraiKhrap PhomPenKonAmerigan KhunPuudPasaThai DaiDiiMaakKhrap A: KhopKhunKhrap I can only speak a little. PhomPuudDaih NidNoiThaoNunKhrap B: Who taught you Thai? Miss Nongnut. KhraiSornPasaThaiKhunKhrap A: KhunNongNuchKhrapTTT Language School

Hello.

Thank you.

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She is a Thai language teacher at the language school.

KhaoPenKhruuPasaThai TiiRongReanSornPasaThai

Grammar notes (Jung) 'extremely, a great deal, very much' is used as an intensifier for stative verbs like , , , etc. It is used in making comments primarily. It never occurs in questions. (Geng) means to be skillful, adept, expert (at something). It occurs after verb phrases ( 1. 2. , etc.) or before noun phrases ( , etc.). (He learns with facility) He's a good student. He plays (music) poorly. His teacher is good in Vietnamese. (Aan)'read',

3. The verbs and

(Rian)'study, learn', (Kian)'write',

(Shon) 'to teach' do not occur without object complements; if (NangSeu) is used, thus (AanNangseu) 'to read', and (RianNangseu) 'to study (in a school)',

there is no other complement, (KianNangseu)'to write (books)',

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(ShonNangseu) 'to teach'.

Nationalities The Thais use the following terms to refer to people of various nationalities:y

For all nationalities: (Kon) + name of country KonThai KonYiipoon KonPamaah etc. KonYeraman KonEgip a Thai a Japanese a Burmese a German an Egyptian

y

For people from Malaya, Indonesia, India, and the Middle East only: (Keak) + Name of Country. a Malayan an Egyptian 'an Indian'TTT Language School

KeakMalaysia KeakEgip KeakIndia

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etc.y

y

The terms (Keak) and (Farang) are used alone to refer to certain large groups of people. (Farang)refers to white-skinned people, including Europeans, Australians, and white Americans. Q: A: KhaoPenFarangChaiMaih Chai KhaoPenKonSpain He's a 'farang', isn't he? That's right. He's Spanish.

y

(Keak) refers to people from Malaya, Indonesia, India, Ceylon, and the Middle East. (Normally dark-skinned people). He's a , he comes from India.

KhaoPenKeakMajak PrathedIndiay

The Moslem people living in South Thailand are referred to as 'Thai Moslem'. (Meang) + name of city (Meang)+ (name of city) or name of city alone is used in colloquial

language to refer to cities, thus

(MeangWoshington)or (Krung Rome) 'Rome',

'Washington'. In the mass media (Krung) + (name of city) is used to refer to some capitol cities, thus (KrungParis)'Paris', etc.

(Meang) + name of countryTTT Language School

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(Meang) + (name of country) or name of country alone is frequently used in spoken Thai to refer to a country instead of (Prathes) + (name of country) which is more formal and is used in newspapers, speeches, etc. KhaoMaaJaak KhaoMaaJaakMeangYiiPoon KhaoMaaJaakPrathesYiipoon position of (Khrai) As was Indicated in 4.1, (Krai)usually occurs in the complement position after (Pen) ( KhaoPenKhrai, etc.). In some situations precedes . Observe the following two examples: 1. 2. JulietPenKhrai Who's Juliet? (I never heard of her.) He comes from Japan. He comes from Japan. He comes from Japan.

Who's Juliet? (Who is playing the part of Juliet in the KhraiPenJuliet play by Shakespeare.)

When the main verb in the sentence is (Keu) 'to be', if the subject of the sentence is a pronoun, (Khrai) is in the complement position. Who is he?

KhaoKeuKhrai

With noun subjects (Khrai) may precede or follow (Keu)optionally:TTT Language School

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KhunNongnutKheuKhrai or KhraiKheuKhunNongnut

Who is Nongnut?

With verbs besides (Pen) and (Kheu), (Khrai) may occupy the subject or complement position: KhraiShonPasaThai KhunPrapasShonPasaThaiHaiKhrai Grammar drills Recognition and familiarization drill () KhaoPenKonThai () () KhaoPenKonAngKrit () KhaoPenKonFarangses () () KhaoPenKonJiin KhaoPenKonYeraman KhaoPenKonAmerican Who teaches Thai? Who is Prapas teaching Thai to?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

He's a Thai. He's an American. He's an Englishman. He's a Frenchman. He's a German. He's a Chinese.TTT Language School

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7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

() KhaoPenKonYiipoon () KhaoPenKonLao () KhaoPenKonYuan () KhaoPenKonPamaah () KhaoPen(Kon)Kamen () KhaoPenKonGaolih

He's a Japanese. He's a Lao. He's a Vietnamese. He's a Burmese. He's a Cambodian. He's a Korean.

Substitution dril Cue Pattern

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Recognition and familiarization drill Question 1. KhaoPenKonChartArai KhaoPenKonThai 2. 3. 4. 5. Response What nationality is he? He's a Thai. What nationality is he? He's a Vietnamese. What nationality is he? He's American. What nationality is he? He's Burmese. What nationality is he? He's Chinese.TTT Language School

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Transformation drill (Change to the negative in two ways.) Affirmative Pattern Negative 1Pattern Negative 2-Pattern

Response drill Cue Question Response He's Thai, isn't he? No, he isn't. He's Chinese. He isn't Thai.

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He's Thai, isn't he? No, he isn't. He's Lao. He isn't Thai. /

Are you Thai? No, I'm not. / I'm not. I'm Lao. I'm not a Thai. /

You're a soldier?

No, I am not/No, I'm not. I'm a civilian. I'm not a soldier.

/

You are a USIS official?

No, I'm not/No, I am not. I'm an Embassy official. I'm not a USIS official.

/

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You are a Bangkoker, aren't No, I'm not/No, I am not. you? I'm an out-of-towner. I'm not a Bangkoker. She's John's wife? No, she isn't. She's a friend. She's not his wife.

Substitution drill Cue Pattern ( ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ) ) He's from Thailand, He's from America. He's from France. He's from Vietnam. He's from Burma. He's from Russia.

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( ( ( (

) ) ) )

He's from China. He's from Cambodia. He's from Malaya. He's from the Philippines.

Transformation drill Pattern 1 Pattern 2 ( ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ) )

) )

Substitution drill Have two students do the following exchange substituting the cue words for those underlined. Student 1: Student 1: 2: , 1. 4. , Student 2: Student

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2.

,

5.

,

/

3. , Substitution drill Cue Question Response

What city do you come from? Bangkok.

What city do you come from? Washington.

What city do you come from? New York.

What city do you come from? Rome.

What city do you come from? London.

What city do you come from? London.

What city do you come from? Denver.

What city do you come from? San Francisco. Substitution transformation drill Cue Pattern 1 Pattern 2

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,

, , , ,

( )

( )

Recognition and familiarization drill 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. He's a 'farang'. He comes from Paris. He's a 'kheek'. He comes from Malaya. He's a Thai. He comes from Thailand. He's a 'kheek'. He comes from India. He's 'farang'. He comes from England. He's Chinese. He comes from Hong Kong. He's a Thai Moslem. He comes from Pattani. He's a 'farang'. He comes from Washington.

Substitution drill Substitute the cue words in one of the exchanges below (only one will fit the cue word): MODEL I: (for ) Cue word: TTT Language School

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A: B: A: B:

MODEL II: (for others) Cue word: A: B: /

1. 2. 3. 4.

6. 7. 8.

9.

5. 10.

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Recognition and familiarization drill 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Thais speak Thai. Americans speak English. Englishmen speak English. Chinese speak Chinese. Lao speak Laotian. Malayans speak Malay. Vietnamese speak Vietnamese. Australians speak English.

7. 8.

Substitution drill Cue Pattern

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Substitution drill Have two students engage in the following exchange, substituting the cue words below for those underlined: Cue: Student 1: Student 2: ,

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7. 8.

,

, , , , ,

9.

,

10. , 11. ,

12. ,

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Lesson 7 Basic dialog Mr. Smith meets a Thai in the Provinces (Part II) A. B: Where are you going? To the market. You speak Thai very well. What is your nationality? I'm an American. Excuse me, do you speak English? No, I don't. Are you a native of this province? No, I'm from Lampang Have you ever been there?

A:

B: A:

B: A:

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B:

No, I haven't, Where is it? In the North.

A:

Notes on the basic dialogy

y y

A is an administrative unit in the Thai government. It may be translated 'province'. There are 71 in Thailand. means 'resident' or 'native'. Observe the difference in meaning between 'good' (in the sense of skillful) and 'good' (in general). 'He's a good (or nice) person'. 'He's a good student (studies well).'

y

is frequently used as a casual greeting.

Grammar notes to indicate past experiences + Verb Phrase is used to refer to experience in the past. He used to be a teacher. Have you ever been to Thailand?

The affirmative response to + Verb Phrase + the negative response is TTT Language School

questions is ;

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+ place expressions 'to go' and 'to come' may be followed by place expressions

( , etc.) or by Verb Phrases indicating an activity ( 'buy things', etc.). Either the place expression or Verb Phrase may be replaced by in questions, thus: Q: Where are you going? (or) What are you going (someplace) to do? A: (I'm) going to school.

(or) (I'm) going shopping. Lack of verb inflection Since the verb in Thai does not have changes in form to correlate with changes in time (tense changes), a sentence like might be interpreted as I'm going to school', 'I go to school', or 'I went to school'. This does not usually result in ambiguity, however, since the context the utterance occurs in usually makes it clear which interpretation is intended. Omission of subject pronoun The pronoun subject may be omitted anytime its omission does not result in misunderstanding. Observe these examples: A: B: Where are (you) going? (I'm) going to the market.

The pronoun is sometimes omitted in statements; it is frequently omittedTTT Language School

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in questions, and is almost always omitted in responses to questions. Sentence + to indicate possibility or suitability The sentence + construction is used to indicate that something is 'possible, suitable, all right', thus I can speak Thai. Can you speak Thai? Yes, I can. No, I can't.

Affirmative response: Negative response:

Since is considered to be the main verb in constructions of this type, the negative is placed just before it in negative statements, thus: She is unable to go to the market.

The subject of the sentence is the sentence

Sentence + to indicate ability to perform some activity The Sentence + construction is used to indicate that 'someone knows how to perform some activity', thus: Statement: Negative statement: I know how to drive a car. He doesn't know how to play a musical

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instrument. Question: Can you play a Thai music? Yes, I can. No, I can't.

Affirmative response: Negative response:

is considered the main verb in constructions of this type, consequently, the negative is placed just in front of it, and it is the normal response to questions. The sentence is the subject of the combined sentence.

Use of or when skill is involved In situations where ability to do something is a matter of having learned the technique of doing it, either or may be used interchangeably, thus: I can speak Thai.

I can speak Thai.

In situations in which inability to do something results not from a lack of technique or skill but for other reasons, only and not can be used. I know how to drive a car, but I can't drive today. I don t feel well.

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Use of + or Both 'used to' and or can occur in the same sentence, thus: He used to be able to play music. Were you formerly able to speak Chinese?

The affirmative response to this question is 'Yes, I was.' The negative response is 'No, I wasn't.'

Substitution Drill Cue 1. 2. Pattern (I'm) going to the restaurant. (I'm) going to the school. (I'm) going to the office.

3.

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4. 5.

(I'm) going to the market. (I'm) going to the hospital. (I'm) going to the bank. (I'm) going home. (I'm) going to the Post Office. (I'm) going to the shops.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

(I'm) going to the Erawan Hotel.

Response Drill Cue Question Response

Where are you going? To school.

Where are you going? To the office.

Where are you going? To the restaurant.

Where are you going? To the Post Office.TTT Language School

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Where are you going? To the shops.

Where are you going? To the bank.

Where are you going? To the market.

Where are you going? Home. Substitution Drill

Cue

Pattern I went to work. I went to school. He went to school. He went out (for fun). He went shopping. He went to drink coffee.

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He went to eat.

He went to mail a letter. I went to mail a letter. I went to see a doctor. I went to telephone. I went to work.

- could be translated as 'go, is/are going, or went'. Response Drill

Cue

Question

Response To work.

Where are you going?

Where are you going?

To school.

Where are youTTT Language School

To study.

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going?

Where are you going?

To buy something at a shop

Where are you going?

To mail a letter.

Where are you going?

To telephone. To work.

Where are you going?

Where are you going?

To drink coffee at the Tip Top shop.

Where are you going?

To eat at the Rama.

Where are youTTT Language School

To see a doctor on

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going?

Sathorn (street). Out (for pleasure).

Where are you going?

Where are you going?

Out to the market (special one day market) for fun.

Where are you going? Substitution Drill

To the embassy on business.

Cue 1.

Pattern He comes from Chiangmai Province. He comes from Uttaradit Province. He comes from Pitsanuloke Province.

2.

3.

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4.

He comes from Udorn Province. He comes from Khonkaen Province. He comes from Korat Province. He comes from Lopburi Province. He comes from Ayuthaya Province. He comes from Bangkok.

5.

6. 7.

8.

9. 10.

He comes from Ratburi Province. He comes from Nakorn Sri Thammarat Province. He comes from Phetburi Province. He comes from Songkla Province.

11.

12.

13.

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14. 15.

He comes from Yala Province. He comes from Ubon Province.

Substitution Drill

Cue 1. 2.

Pattern He's a native of Yala. He's a native of Songkla. He's a native of Nakorn Sri Thammarat. He's a native of Phetburi. He's a native of Ratburi. He's a native of Bangkok. He's a native of Ayuthaya. He's a native of Lopburi.

3.

4. 5.

6. 7. 8.

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9.

He's a native of Khorat. He's a native of Ubon. He's a native of Khonkaen. He's a native of Udorn. He's a native of Pitsanuloke. He's a native of Uttaradit. He's a native of Chiangmai.

10. 11. 12. 13.

14. 15.

Response Drill

Cue

Question

Response

What part (of Thailand) is Lopburi in? It's in the Central part.

TTT Language School

~ 102 ~

What part is Chiangmai in?

It's in the Northern part.

What part is Udorn in?

It's in the N.E. part.

What part is Uttaradit in?

It's in the Northern part.

What part is Konkaen in?

It's in the N.E. part.

What part is Petburi in?

It's in the Central part.

What part is Songkla in?

It's in the Southern part.

What part is Korat in?

It's in the N.E. part.

What part is Yala in?

It's in the Southern part.

TTT Language School

~ 103 ~

What part is Ubol in?

It's in the N.E. part.

Transformation Drill

Pattern 1 1.

Pattern 2

He comes from Chiangmai Province. He's a native of Chiangmai Province. 2. He's a native of Yala Province. He's a native of Lopburi Province.

He comes from Yala Province. 3.

He comes from Lopburi Province. 4.

He comes from Ayuthaya Province. 5.

He's a native of Ayuthaya Province. He's a native of Uttaradit Province.

He comes from Uttaradit Province.

TTT Language School

~ 104 ~

6.

He comes from Pitsanuloke Province. He's a native of Pitsanuloke Province. 7. He's a 'Bangkoker'.

He comes from Bangkok. 8.

He's from the provinces.

He's a 'out-of-towner .

Response Drill

Teacher: Student 1:

Yala. He comes from Yala Province. He's a native of Yala, is he? Yes (he is).

Student 2: Student 1:

Continue the drill by substituting the following names forTTT Language School

:

~ 105 ~

1. 2.

4.

7. 8.

10.

13. 14.

/

5.

11.

3. 6. 9. 12. 15.

Transformation Drill

Pattern 1

Pattern 2

Response Drill Teacher: What province is he native of? Udorn.TTT Language School

~ 106 ~

Student: / He's a native of Udorn (Province).

Continue the drill by substituting the following names for : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. 10. 11. 13. 14.

8. 9.

6.

12. 15.

Recognition and Familiarization Drill 1. 2. 3. 4. He comes from the North. He comes from the Northeast (of Thailand) He comes from the Central part. He comes from the South (of Thailand).

NOTE:

refers only to the Northeastern part of Thailand. It is not is used to

the usual word for Northeast. Likewise rather than refer to the Southern part of Thailand. Substitution Drill Teacher:

He comes from the Central part.

TTT Language School

~ 107 ~

Student:

Northeast. He comes from the Northeast.

Continue the drill by substituting the following items after 1. 6. 7. 8. 9.

:

2. 3. 4. 5.

10.

Substitution Drill Cue Pattern 1 1. Pattern 2

He comes from the North. 2.

He's a Northerner.

He comes from the Northeast.

He's a Northeastener.

TTT Language School

~ 108 ~

3.

He comes from the South. 4.

He's a Southerner.

He comes from the Central part. He's a native of the Central part. Substitution Drill Teacher: South. He comes from the South. Is he a Southerner? Yes, he is.

Student 1:

Student 2: Student 1:

Continue the drill by substituting the following items for : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. TTT Language School

~ 109 ~

Basic Dialog: Americans at Work in Bangkok A. B. Where are you going? I'm going to work. Where do you work? I work at the American Embassy. Does your friend work at the Embassy too? No, he doesn't. What does he do? He's a USIS officer. Where's his office? On South Sathorn Street.

A.

B.

A.

B. A. B.

A. B.

Grammar notes Thai CompoundsTTT Language School

~ 110 ~

Thai compounds like those of any other language can be explained in terms of the regular rules of syntax of the language. If asked, the native speaker can provide a derivation of any particular compound. For example, if asked to explain (provide a derivation) for the compound parking permit, a native speaker of English would probably say 'It's a permit for parking your car', or 'It's a permit needed for parking your car', or something like that. Although there is an obvious meaning relationship between these derivations and the compound, the syntax is not the same. The relationship between a compound and any of its derivations in Thai reveals the same kind of similarities and differences. If you do not know the meaning of a Thai compound , ask any of your instructors. They will provide you with a derivation that should make the meaning clear. If you decide to originate Thai compounds, you will find you have only limited success. This should not inhibit you from doing this, but you should check your efforts with the native speaker before using them. In this text compounds will be analyzed into their constituent parts and the meaning of each part will be given, and the meaning of the compound as a whole will be given. In some cases the form class of the parts will be given, thus: Noun + Noun: 'place' + 'ambassador'. This will be done to illustrate the different types of compounds in Thai. Noun Compound: Noun + Noun embassy = place + ambassador official, officer, staff member = ruler + duty. This

word is normally followed by a particular office, as in police official, etc. soldier = boat, military person + earth sailor and

air, thus

airman.

government employee = servant +TTT Language School

- pertaining to the

~ 111 ~

king +

work, affairs military government employee civilian government employee Ministry of Foreign Affairs = + ministry + defense'

different, other + country means 'Ministry of Defense. police Department = police.

department (major subdivision of a

ministry) +

The Army = military forces + land The Navy = + boat air

The Air Forces = +

was used originally to refer to students who lived in. Now only part of the students live at Chulalongkorn, Kasetsart, and the Fine Arts University, but students at those universities are still called . Students at Thammasart University are called are called . Other students

rice farmer

gardener, orchardist or person who works on a rubber plantation an upland farmer who grows crops like tobacco, tapioca, corn, etc.

merchant = male engaged in + tradeTTT Language School

~ 112 ~

hospital =

building +

to nurse

female nurse = woman +

Noun Compound: Noun + Verb expert = person, one who + experienced to be expert,

student (in college or university) = - one who (agent noun) + to study

occurs before a large number of verbs to form agent noun compounds (like -er in English farmer). It rarely occurs alone. - expert, authority occurs before a limited number of verbs to form agent nouns. It can not occur alone. Other examples are author, musician, etc. position of noun compounds Noun compounds (like those iust described) take the same position as single nouns in compounds, for example: This police official Those 4 students

+ place 'to be located at, live at' is normally followed by place expressions: USOM is on Petburi Street.TTT Language School

~ 113 ~

Responses to The question 'What do you do?' can be answered in either of the following ways: ( , etc.) I am a USIS officer, etc.

(

, etc.) I work at the American Embassy, etc.' and

difference between

Although both (see 7-2b) and mean 'Where are (you) going?', they are used in different situations and receive different answers: Q: A: Q: Where are you going? I'm going to eat. Where are you going to eat? at the Red Arrow Restaurant.

A: () Drills

is used when you wish to specify the place.

Recognition and Familiarization Drill

TTT Language School

~ 114 ~

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

He's a teacher. He's a student. He's a doctor. She's a housewife. She's a nurse. He's a soldier. He's a merchant. He's an expert (or specialist). . He's an engineer. He's a community development worker. They're government employees. He's a policeman. He's a rice farmer. He's a gardener. He's a crop farmer.

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Substitution Drill

TTT Language School

~ 115 ~

Cue

Pattern He's a teacher. I'm a teacher. I'm a policeman. I'm a doctor. I'm a sailor. I'm a merchant. He's a merchant. He's a farmer. She's a nurse. He's a community development worker. I'm a community development worker. I'm an engineer. I'm a policeman. You are a policeman.TTT Language School

~ 116 ~

He's a policeman. He's a soldier. He's an expert. They are government employees.

Substitution Drill

Cue

Pattern What do you do (for a living?) What does he do? What does this person do? What does that person do?

Substitution Drill

What does Prichaa do?

Cue

Pattern TTT Language School

~ 117 ~

Response Drill

Cue teacher nurse doctor soldier engineer civilian government employee rice farmer community development worker

Question

Response

TTT Language School

~ 118 ~

merchant airman expert university student

Recognition and Familiarization Drill

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. -

I work at the hospital. I work at the school. I work at USIS. I work at USOM. I work at AID. I work at JUSMAG. I work at the Embassy. I work at the State Department. I work at the Ministry of Defense.

7. 8. 9. Substitution Drill

TTT Language School

~ 119 ~

MODEL: Teacher:

Student:

Continue substitution using the following words: 1. 4. 5. 6.

2. 3.

Response Drill MODEL: Teacher: Student: Where do you work? (Actual place of work)

Continue until all students have responded. Response Drill MODEL: Teacher: .... You work at ...... don't you?TTT Language School

~ 120 ~

Student: or:

.......... No, I don't. I work at .......

Yes, I do. (whichever answer is correct.)

Continue until all students have responded at least once. Response Drill MODEL: Teacher: ....... .... Mr. ....... works at .......... doesn't he?

Student: or:

Yes, he does.

...... No, he doesn't. He works at . .......

Recognition and Familiarization Drill

1. 2. 3. 4.

I'm a teacher at (this) school. I'm a doctor at Chula hospital. I'm a student at FSI.

I'm a soldier at the Ministry of Defense.

TTT Language School

~ 121 ~

5.

I'm an engineer at USIS. I'm a community development worker at USOM.

6.

Substitution Drill

Cue

Pattern I'm a student here I'm a student at FSI. I'm a teacher at FSI. I'm a teacher at the Ministry of Defense. I'm a sailor at the Ministry of

-

-

-

-

TTT Language School

~ 122 ~

Defense. I'm a doctor at the Ministry of Defense. I'm a doctor at the Foreign Ministry. I'm an employe e of the Foreign Ministry. I'm an employe e of USIS. I'm an official of USIS. I'm an official at Embassy.

Transformation DrillTTT Language School

~ 123 ~

Combine the two sentences on the left to form one sentence. Sentence 1 Sentence 2 Sentence 3

1.

He's a student at Thammasart.

2.

He's an Embassy employee.

3 .

I'm an employee of the Foreign Ministry

4.

TTT Language School

~ 124 ~

He's an employee of the Interior Ministry

5.

He's a student of this school.

6.

He's a Chula student.

Transformation Drill

Pattern 1

Pattern 2

TTT Language School

~ 125 ~

Transformation Drill Combine Sentences 1 and 2 into 3. 1 .

2. -

3.

TTT Language School

~ 126 ~

4.

5 .

6.

(

)

(

)

Recognition and Familiarization Drill 1. 2. The train station is on Rama 4 Street. Hualamphong is on Rama 4 Street.

TTT Language School

~ 127 ~

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Hualamphong station is on Rama 4 Street. The Embassy is on Wireless Road. The American Embassy is on Wireless Road. The USIS auditorium is on Pat Pong Street. USOM is on Petburi Street. USIS is on South Sathorn Street. iUSMAG is on South Sathorn Street.

9. 10.

The Bank of America is on Suriwong Street. The PX is at Klong Toei. The Sports Club is on Race Track Road. The Main Post Office is on Charoen Krung Street.

11. - 12. 13.

Substitution Drill

CueTTT Language School

~ 128 ~

Where is USOM? Where is USIS? Where is Hualampong Railroad Station? Where is the American Embassy? Where is the Thai Bank? Where is the Sports Club? Where is JUSMAG? Where is the Erawan Hotel? Where is the USIS Auditorium? Where is USOM?

Response DrillTTT Language School

~ 129 ~

MODEL: Teacher: Where is USOM? Petburi Street

Student:

USOM is on Petburi Street.

The teacher will continue the drill using real names and places on the map of Bangkok accompanying this lesson as the cues. Variations on the Dialog: Repeat the basic dialog using the following sets. , , , ,

, ,

, ,

-, ,

Exercisesy

Find out where various kinds of buildings in the neighborhood are located.

For example: 1. banks 4. hotels

2. universities 5. schools

TTT Language School

~ 130 ~

3. embassies 6. the post office Find out the occupations and places of work of the students, the wives of students, and the friends of the students.

y

Vocabulary - () () () () - A.I.D. (Agency for International Development) A.U.A. (American University Association) land (as opposed to sea) Charoen Krung (name of a street in Bangkok) JUSMAG (ioint Military Assistance Group) ruler (literally 'prince') official, officer, staff member rice farmer a crop farmer gardener, orchard!st Chula (an abbreviation for Chulalongkorn University) F.S.I. (Foreign Service Institute) Hualampong (name of the main train station inTTT Language School

~ 131 ~

Bangkok) U.S.I.S. (United States Information Service) pronounced , U.S.O.M. (United States

Operations Mission) () Klong Toei (Section of Bangkok) division (subdivision of a ) () agriculture; also the name of the university of agriculture in Bangkok to trade, engage, in trade government employee civilian government employee

military government employee

the armed forces (of a country) the Air Forces the Army the Navy work, affairsTTT Language School

~ 132 ~

Ministry of Defense Ministry of the Interior Ministry of Foreign Affairs department (major subdivision of a ministry)

()

police department university housewife too, also female, Mrs. () female nurse duty () student student (at Chulalongkorn, Kasetsart, and the Fine Arts Universities) work the Pentagon

()

()

TTT Language School

~ 133 ~

Phahonyothin Road (in Bangkok) Pat Pong Street (in Bangkok) a community development worker the PX (Post Exchange) civilian father, male engaged in... merchant

() ()

()

Pra-aathit Street (in Bangkok) Rama the Fourth (street) the main post office an expert a train a pavilion, a hall, a public building the USIS auditorium Rachadamnoen (Road) Rachadamri (Road) TTT Language School

() ( ) ( )

~ 134 ~

( ) ) ( ) )

Raiawithee (Road) building boat race track (name of a street in Bangkok) The Royal Bangkok Sports Club place, location station the railroad station South Sathorn (street in Bangkok) four

( (

()

Red Arrow (name of a restaurant in Bangkok) Suriwong (street in Bangkok) to study, learn police agricultural () airmanTTT Language School

~ 135 ~

() () )

soldier sailor Thammasart (university in Bangkok) the Bank of America (the American bank) the Bank of Thailand street, road where (as question word) anywhere (in negative statement) here the ambassador (common usage) an engineer Withayu (Thai name of a street), Wireless Road (English name)

( ()

() Street map

TTT Language School

~ 136 ~

Basic dialog: Going to Don Muang to pick up a friend Where have you been?

Dialogue for listening A: B: A: B:

To a movie. Where are you about to go to? To Don Muang (airport). Want to go along? No (thanks). Why are you going?

TTT Language School

~ 137 ~

A: B: A: B: A: B: A:

To pick up a friend. Mary isn't home? She is.

She didn't go to Ayuthaya? That's right. She didn't go What's she doing? She's studying

TTT Language School

~ 138 ~

Grammar notes Means of indicating time and aspect of the verb Thai verbs do not have tense, i.e. there are no changes in form that correlate with time as in English (see, saw, etc.) The time or state of an action is indicated by the use of time ( ,etc.) and aspect ( , etc.) particles. The use and meaning of these particles and various words relating to time and frequency of occurrence are illustrated on the next chart, which is arranged in normal sentence word order. Time Words Subject Time and aspect Particles Verb phrases Freq. Word Meaning

Time unspecified (1) (2) Repeated action Present time action in progess Action imminent

(3) (3)

TTT Language School

~ 139 ~

(4) (5)

Future Future

Past

Indefinite Past Action just completed, returned to former place

Notes: 1. Time unspecified means only that there is no formal indication of time in the sentence 2. everyday 3. 4. 5. at this time, at present soon, today, tomorrow yesterday a short time agoTTT Language School

~ 140 ~

Role of the question word in the indication of time In questions the question word may play a role in the indication of time or of the state of the action. For example, Future time: Past time: Will you go? Did you go? Do you go

Habitual action: everyday?

Function of the question words The question word may also serve to signify the speaker's purpose in asking the question: seeking information, issuing an invitation, asking for confirmation of something he is more or less sure about, indicating surprise, etc. The chart below illustrates the meaning and use of various question words. Sentence Type Question Meaning Word Invitation Affirmativ Negative e Response Response ( ) ... Future Habitual Past (TTT Language School

(

)

)

~ 141 ~

Confirmatio ( ) n of what one is very ( ) sure about Confirmatio ( ) n of what one is very ( ) sure about Confirmatio ( ) n of what one is very ( ) sure about Confirmatio ( n of one is ) less sure about )

( )

( )

( )

( , ) ( ( ) ( ( ) ( ( )

Confirmatio ( n of one is ) less sure about

)

Confirmatio ( n of one is ) less sure about

)

( )

TTT Language School

~ 142 ~

( ( )

Confirmatio ( n of one is ) less sure about

)

( )

Negative Questions Sentence Type ( ( ( ) ( ) ) Past ) Intention Question Meaning Affirmative Negative Word Response Response Future , , , , ( ) , ,

Note: Between intimates replace

(pronounced with strong nasal quality) may

Grammar drills Response drillTTT Language School

~ 143 ~

Cue (Teacher)

Question Translation (Student 1) Where have you been? Where have you been? Where have you been? Where have you been? Where have you been? Where have you been?

Response (Student 2)

Translation

Out on business. On excursion to Ayuthaya. To a movie. To eat. Shopping. To the library

Substitution drill Cue 1. Pattern Translation Are you going to the library soon? Are you going to the laboratory

2.

TTT Language School

~ 144 ~

soon? 3. Are you going to the dining room soon? Are you going to the toilet soon? Are you going to the classroom soon? Are you going to the Thai classroom soon? Are you going to the work room soon? Are you going to the registrar's soon? Are you going to the telephone

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

TTT Language School

~ 145 ~

room soon? 10. Are you going to the dining hall soon?

Response drill (respond according to situation) Model Teacher: ()

Are you going to the laboratory soon? Student: Affirmative: Yes I am I am not.

Negative:

Question 1.

Respons Translatio Translatio e n n (Audio) Are you going to the library soon? Are you going to the dining room soon? Are you going to theTTT Language School

()

I am

2.

I am not.

3.

I am not.

~ 146 ~

toilet soon? 4. Are you going to the classroom soon? Are you going to the Thai classroom soon? Are you going to the work room soon? Are you going to the Railroad Station soon? Are you going to Hotel Rama soon? Are you going to the registrar's room soon? Yes.

5.

Yes.

6.

I am not.

7.

Yes.

8.

I am not.

9.

Yes.

TTT Language School

~ 147 ~

10 .

Are you going to the Airport soon?

I am not.

(Students ask each other the same questions.) Response drill Model 1: Cue: Question: Response: Model 2: Cue: Question: Question: No. () Yes. ()

Cue Pattern No Yes No Yes

Response

TTT Language School

~ 148 ~

Yes No No Yes No

Substitution drill Cue Pattern () Translation Are you going to school soon? Are you going to the post office soon? Are you going to the Post Office today? Are you going to the embassy today? Are you going to the embassy tomorrow? Are you going to USIS tomorrow? Are you going to USIS soon?

TTT Language School

~ 149 ~

Are you going to the Bank of America soon? Are you going to the Bank of America tomorrow?

Response drill Cue Question 1. No Response

Aren't you going to the restaurant soon? No, I don't intend to 2. Yes Yes, I am.

Aren't you going to the lab today? 3. No

Aren't you going to the embassy tomorrow? 4. Yes

No, I don't intend to.

Yes, I am.

Aren't you going to USIS tomorrow? 5. No

Aren't you going to the state department today? 6. Yes TTT Language School

No, I don't intend to.

~ 150 ~

Aren't you going to the library soon? 7. No

Yes, I am.

Aren't you going to the dining room soon? 8. Yes

No, I don't intend to.

Yes, I am.

Aren't you going to the auditorium soon? 9. No

Aren't you going to the hospital today? No, I don't intend to. 10. Yes Yes, I am.

Aren't you going to the market tomorrow? Substitution drill Cue Pattern

Translatio n Do you go to the office every day? Do you go to the bank every day?

TTT Language School

~ 151 ~

Do you go to the restaurant every day? Do you go to the state departmen t every day? Do you go to USOM every day? Do you go to USIS every day?

Do you go home every day?

Response drill Model: Teacher: Do you go to the office every day? Affirmative Answer: Yes, everyday. Negative Answer: No, not every day.

TTT Language School

~ 152 ~

Cue Question 1. Yes

Response Yes, everyday. No, not every day. Yes, everyday. Yes, everyday. No, not every day. No, not every day. Yes, everyday. No, not every day.

Do you go to the bank everyday? 2. No

Do you go to the market everyday? 3. Yes

Do you go to the Foreign Ministry everyday? 4. Yes

Do you go to the school everyday? 5. No

Do you go to the hospital everyday? 6. No

Do you go to the post office everyday? 7. Yes

Do you go to work everyday? 8. No

Do you go to the embassy everyday?

TTT Language School

~ 153 ~

9. Yes

Yes, everyday. Yes, everyday.

Do you go to the Department of State everyday? 10. Yes

Do you buy food everyday? 11. No

No, not every day. Yes, everyday.

Do you go to the Consulate everyday? 12. Yes

Do you go to the laboratory everyday?

Transformation drill (change from affirmative questions to negative questions) Pattern 1 1 . Pattern 2

Do you go to the State Department everyday? 2 .

Don't you go to the State Department everyday?

Do you go to the school everyday?

Don't you go to the school everyday?

TTT Language School

~ 154 ~

3 .

Do you go play golf everyday? 4 .

Don't you go play golf everyday?

Do you go swimming everyday? Don't you go swimming everyday? 5 .

Do you go shopping everyday? 6 .

Don't you go shopping everyday?

Do you go to the laboratory everyday? 7 .

Don't you go to the laboratory everyday?

Do you go buy food everyday? 8 .

Don't you go buy food everyday?

Do you go to the market everyday? Response drill Model: Cue: Yes (1)

Don't you go to the market everyday?

TTT Language School

~ 155 ~

Question:

Don't you go to the embassy everyday? Yes, I do.

Response:

( ) No (1)

Cue:

Question:

Don't you go to the embassy everyday? No, I don't.

Response:

( )

Cue 1. Yes 2. No 3. Yes 4. No 5. Yes 6. No 7. Yes

Pattern

Response (Audio)

TTT Language School

~ 156 ~

8. No 9. Yes

1 Yes indicates that the answer is in the affirmative, No, in the negative. However, since the question is in the negative a No answer confirms the question, whereas, a Yes answer denies it. Substitution drill Cue Pattern Translation Yesterday I went to the embassy. A short time ago I went to the embassy A short time ago I went to the toilet A short time ago I went to the library A short time ago I went to listen to tapes in the language laboratory A short time ago I went to eat A short time ago I went shopping at the market

TTT Language School

~ 157 ~

Yesterday I went shopping at the market Yesterday I went to the Post Office

Transformation drill (affirmative to negative statements) Pattern 1 Pattern 2

Substitution drill Cue Pattern

TTT Language School

~ 158 ~

(1)

1 or

may be pronounced also with a high falling tone on the first 'i'

Response drill Cue Question No Response ( ) Did you go to the market yesterday? Yes

No, I didn't Yes, I did.

Did you go to the market yesterday? No

TTT Language School

~ 159 ~

( Yes No ( Yes No ( Yes ( No ( Transformation drill (affirmative to negative question) Pattern 1 FSI FSITTT Language School

)

)

) ) )

Pattern 2

~ 160 ~

Ask each student one of the affirmative questions above, and then ask him the same question in the negative (or in reverse order). His answers should be based on the facts of the situation. Response drill (give negative responses to the questions) Question Translatio Respons Translatio n e n No, I didn't. Didn't you go to Ayuthaya ( yesterday? ) Did you go to theTTT Language School

No, I didn't.

~ 161 ~

movies? Are you going to the ( library soon? Are you ( going to play tennis today? Are you ( going to his house tomorrow? ) No, I'm not.

)

No, I'm not.

)

No, I'm not.

Response drill (response negatively or affimatively according to the cue word) Cu Question e Yes Translatio Respons Translatio n e n He didn't go to Ayuthaya? Yes he went. Yes he went.

Yes

Didn't he go to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? Didn't he go pick up his friend

Yes

Yes he went.

TTT Language School

~ 162 ~

at Don Muang? No Didn't ( ) No, she Mary go to didn't. Ayuthaya? Didn't yo go to the lab? ( ) No Haven't ( ) No, I you been to haven't eat? No, I didn't.

No

Substitution drill (student 2 is to supply an 'activity' that fits the location given) Model: Cue words: ... Student 1: Student 2: Student 1: 1. ... ( )

2. ... 3. 4. 5. ...

... ...

TTT Language School

~ 163 ~

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

... ... ...

...

... ...

Note to the instructor: If the students have difficulty supplying an activity to go with drill, the instructor may suggest one.

Exercises Find out from other students: If they went to any of the following places yesterday: 1. school 2. post office 3. Bank of America 4. market 5. work 6. a restaurant Where they did any of the following things:

TTT Language School

~ 164 ~

1. went to work 2. went shopping 3. went to see the doctor 4. went to mail a letter 5. went for a walk 6. played tennis If they went to the following places a short time ago: 1. laboratory 2. library 3. home 4. school 5. a restaurant 6. to work 7. Boston Who did any of the following things a short time ago: 1. go to the bank 2. play golf 3. go home 4. go to the hospital 5. repair a carTTT Language School

~ 165 ~

6. cook food 7. do some typing 8. read a book 9. make a phone call What they do everyday. If they didn't do any of the following things yesterday: 1. drink coffee 2. eat food 3. go shopping 4. go to the lab 5. speak Thai 6. go to the Registrar's 7. study (at home) 8. speak English 9. went to pick up a friend 10. work If they will do any of the following things today: 1. go to the doctor's 2. play music 3. teachTTT Language School

~ 166 ~

4. go on business 5. write a book 6. go to work 7. go home 8. go to the library 9. swim 10. eat