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TRUBNER’
S LANGUAGE MANUALS
ED ITED BY J. H. FREESE, M.A.
FORMERLY FELLOW OF ST JOHN’
S COLLEGE , CAMBRIDGE
A MALAY MANUAL
WITH GRAMMAR ,READ ING E! ERCISES ,
AND VOCABULAR IES
SECOND IMPRESSION
LONDON
PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER 827 CO. , LTD.
BROADWAY HOUSE,68 -74 CARTER LANE, E C.
PREFACE
THIS little b ook is adapted from A . Seidel ’s Praktische Gramma tikder ma layischen Spra che (2nd ed., Vienna and Leipzig). Considerab le alterations
,however, have b een made . The grammatical
section has b een somewhat enlarged, and additional exercises haveb een given . The English -Malay Vocabulary is in the main an
independent compilation . Several English words will b e foundin it unaltered, which have b een adopted and are wel l understoodin the Straits Settlements. Much of the Reading Lessons in Malay
has b een omitted,and
,while the a ccount of the Arab ic alphab et
has b een retained, as an introduction to the study of printedbooks
,the Roman character has been used throughout.
The following works have also b een utilized : P. Favre ,Gram/moire de la langue ma laise (Vienna , N. B. Dennys,
A Handbook of Ma lay Colloquia l, as spoken in Singapore (London
and Singapore , W. E. Maxwel l , A Manua l of the Ma lay
Language (London , 1911, especially valuab le for its collection of
idiomatic examples) F. A. Swettenham,English
-Ma lay Voca bu lary
(Singapore, W. G. Shellab ear,Ma lay
-English Voca bu lary
(Singapore, J . Rijnenb erg, Spreekt giy Ma lcisch ? (Leiden ,1901)Other works that may b e consulted are W. Marsden
,Grammar
and Dictionary of the Ma layan Language J. Crawfurd,
Grammar and Dictionary of the Ma la y Language (London , 18 5 2)W. G. Shel lab ear, Pra ctica l Ma lay Grammar (Singapore , 1899, theb est for general purposes) ; E. Dulaurier
,C'hrestoma thie ma laye
(Paris, A . Mersier,Choir: do tewtes ma lais (Paris,
u1 aé3 4 7
vi PREFACE
A. Meursinge, Ma leisch Leesboek (Leiden , J. van Dissel,
Ma leysche Ohrestoma thie (Leiden ,Kelly and Walsh
,Hand
book of the Ma lay Language (Singapore , Traveller’ s Ma lay
Pronouncing Handbook (Singapore, A . H. L. Badings,
Hollandsch-ma leische en ma leisch-hollandsche samenspraken (Harderw gk, H. Clifford and F. A. Swettenham
,Dictiona ry of
the Ma lay Language (1894, in progress) ; R. J. Wilkinson , Ma lay
English Dictionary (Singapore, H. van der Wall and
H. N. van der Tunk, Ma leisch-nederlanclsch Woordenboek (Batavia ,18 7 7 H. O. Klinkert
,Nieuw nederlandsch - ma leisch en
ma leisch-nederlandsch Woordenboek (Leiden , 18 8 5 - 18 98 ) A . Tugaul t,
Dictionna ire ma lais-frangais (Paris,I t may b e added that a knowledge of Dutch is extremely
desirab le for the student of Malay.
“ It is not too much to say
that any one aiming at a thorough knowledge of the language ,
literature, and history of the Malay people should commence histask by lea rning Dutch ”
(Maxwell).
CONTENTS
PART I
INTRODUCTION
ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION
VowELs
CON SONANTS
ACCENT
THE ARABIC ALPHABET
EUPHONIC CHANGES IN DERIVATIVES
PART I I
GRAMMAR
ARTICLENOUN
LI ST OF NOUN S
ADJECTIVE
SOME COMMON ADJECTIVES
PRON OUNs
VERBS
DERIVATIVE VERBs
ACTIVE VOICE
viii CONTENTS
PASS IVE VOICEI
To BE AND To HAVE
MUST , LET, OUGET, CAN , WOULD , SHOULD
SOME COMMON VERBS
INTERROGATIVE AND NEGATIVE SENTENCES
NUMERALS
NUMERAL COEFFICIENTS
MANNER OF E! PRESS ING TIME
PREPOSITIONS
ADVERBS
CONJUNCTIONS
INTERJECTIONS
PART I I I
E! ERCISES (MALAY~ENGLI SH AND ENGLI SH-MALAY)
EASY READ ING E! ERCISES
CONVERSATIONS I N THE VULGAR D IALECT
PART - I V
THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE
MALAY-ENGLISH VOCABULARY To THE E! ERCISES
ENGLISH -MALAY VOCABULARY
M A L A Y M A N U A L
PART I
INTRODUCTION
THE b irthplace of the Malay language is the island of Sumatra .
Thence it s read,in the thirte enth century, to the peninsu la of
Malacca, an sub sequently, as the resu lt of Malay immigra tion ,
over the greater part of the Eastern Archipelago. At the present
day it is not only 3 Oken and understood on the Malay peninsu la,the Great and Little Sunda islands as far as the Philippines, b utit is the general means of communica tion on the coasts of the
whole of the Indo-Chinese archipelago up to the Chinese ports,and its influence extends as far as New Guinea and even b eyond.
Everywhere it has estab lished itsel f over an extensive coast- lin eand driven b ack the original dialects into the interior. At the
present day it is the language of four mill ions of peo le. Fromthis point of View
,when the commercial importance of t e districts
where it is spoken is considered,it is particu larly valuab le as a
means of communica tion for trading purposes, to which it is
Specially adapted by its simplicity and the ease with which itcan b e acquired .
Under Indian influence Malay adopted a large numb er OfSanskrit words, and later, owing to the advan ce Of the Mohammedan
religion and civiliza tion,b orrowed largely from Arab ic, and, later
still, from Western languages.
Considering the extensive area over which it spread, it is notsurprising that a large numb er of dialects is in existen ce . Theirpecuharities, however, are comparatively small . The grammar
1 A
.MALAY MANUAL
Is nOt affected at al l , the vocabulary only to a comparatively smallextent, especia lly as regards the personal p ronouns. Thus
,the
pronoun of the second person is in Batavia kweh, in Borneo kita ,
In Malacca awah, in Perak mika . But a ll these dialects followthe same grammatical rules, and , in the matter of vocabu lary,exhib it a common nucleus, the knowledge of which renders theacquisition of dialectic pecu liarities a tolerab ly easy task.
The influence of these dialects upon the written and spokenlangua e of the edu ca ted classes is trifling. The langua e of the
less e ucated natives is certainly less precise in vocab u ry, butfollows the general grammatical ru les The dialect of the ports,Of Malay speaking Chinese and Indian artisans, tradesmen
,and
servants is a mixture of Ma lay, Dutch, Spanish, and Chinese ,the grammar of which is extremely simple and the vocabularyextremely limited.
ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION
MALAY is a very melodious language . I t contains twenty-three
sounds, represented in writing by letters of the Arab ic a lphab et.I t is pro bab le that the Javanese was the alphab et formerly in
use, and that it was displaced with the advance of Arab iccivilization .
The Arab ic written characters are, however, ill adapted to re
roduce the spoken sounds of Malay. The difficu lty of readingalay texts is increased by the fact that as a rule only theconsonan ts are expressed, little a ttention b eing paid to the vowels.After the decline of Arab ic pow er and commerce the maritimeeoples of Europe strove to ob ta in possession of the richly endowedgistricts of the Ma lay archipelago, with the object of exploitin
their wea lth“ At the
present day the archipelago is dividefi
amongst the Western peop es,with commercia l ram ifica tions extend
ing over a l l parts of the world . Throughout the entire poly lotdistrict of IndO -China the medium of communica tion for tra ing
purposes isMa lay. Natural ly, therefore , European merchants feltthe need of freeing a langu a e
,in itself so easy and simple , from
the trammels of Arab ic, an of re resenting its sounds by the
letters of their own alphab et. At t e present day Roman lettersare used by Europeans in a ll commercial correspondence
,and are
Often employed in printed books. But the day when they willfinal ly and completely displace the Arab ic a l hab et is still fardistant. Malay na tiona l literature still uses t e Arab ic Writtensigns, a knowledge of which is indispensab le to the student whoaims at a more thorough insi ht into the spirit of the lan age .
Hence it will b e necessary to evote some attention to the'
abicalphab et.
ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION 3
The twenty-three sounds of the Malay language proper (excludingforeign elements) are the followingVowels : A , E, I, O , U.
Consonant: 3, CH, D, G, H, J , R ,
L,M,N , NG, Nr, P, R, s, r, w r
1 . VOWELS
The vowels are, as a rule, pronounced as in Italian
a as in fa ther i as in pique
e as a in p laxy o as in no
u as In tru th
In words of purely Malay origin Short a must never b e pronounced as a in ca t (rather as u in but) nor short it as in out
(rather as ao in book) .There also exists in Malay what is called an
“ indeterminate ”vowel , usually romanized as C. This is pronounced as short as
possib le ; indeed, in some systems of translitera tion it is omittedalto ether, or represen ted by an apostrophe : thus
,berap a (how
muc is very commonly written brapa or b’rapa . R. J.
Wilkinson l describ es this indeterminate vow el as an attempt toomit the vowel a ltogether be tween two consonants which do not
readily comb ine : thus, an attempt to sound the k in knee wouldgive an indeterminate vowel sound b etween k and n .
The vowels a,e,i,o,u,are nearly always long when they occu r
in an op en (ending in a vowel) accented sylla ble : garam, békin,tima , roda , lfiku .
They are short when they occur in a shut (ending in a con
sonant) syllab le : tampa t, ber, chinchin,lambok, bibmbu , séka
'
rc‘
ing.
Unaccented vowels in open syllab les are Short, at the end of a
word half-long (e.g. the u in Ica'
lu ), and b efore the accentedsyllab le tend to disappea r altogether. Thus, selca
'
rang is pronouncednearly as skarang (see the indeterminate vowel ab ove) .When a vowel in a shut syllab le is to b e pronounced long, it
may be written twice or marked long (besa ar, besar).The short and half- long vowels a and e
,a and it, especially if
unaccented, are frequen tly interchan ed. Thus,lampu, anggz
‘
zr,
sekarang are indifferently written an pronounced lampo, anggor,sdkarang.
2
1 Appendix to Ma lay-English Dictiona ry (Singapore , According to
him ,there are only three norma l vowe l-sounds
,a ll others b eing exceptiona l.
These sounds are
a intermedia te b etween ar In ba r and a in French facilee, i a i wa it cc sweet
0, u00 school 0 a lone
a It is important to remember this in consulting vocabularies and
4 MALAY MANUAL
There are no diphthongs in Ma lay, and in the comb inations a e,
a i,ci,on each vowe l is to b e pronounced separately.
2. CONSONANTS
pronounced as in church.
go (never as in gin) .ha t. At the end of a word it is silent, andhas the effect of shortenin the last syl lab le.
c in ca t. At the end Of a wor it is silent,and
has the effect of Shortenin the last syllab le .
I t then represents a kin of catch in theb reath
,such as may be heard after “
an”
in pronoun cing “an ice pudding as
tinguished from “a nice pudding.
” It
answers to the Arab ic Hamza and the
Greek spiritus lenis.
ng in singer, not as in finger, where a second g isheard : this second g, when necessary, isrepresented in Ma lay by a second written9 (cp . ang
-in and ang-gor) . The comb ina
tion ang ispronounced like the first syllab lein (h)ungry, not as in angry. Like ny, it
is considered a single letter.ni in Spaniard, poniard : it is the Spanish 73
,or
the French gn in campagne. I t it con
sidered a single letter.
The remaining consonants are pronounced as in English, bu t rshould always b e sounded - clearly and with emphasis.
ACCENT
In radicals (which are mostly disyllab ic) , that is, words to whichno , refixes or suffixes have b een added , the accent is, as a rule ,on t e penultimate (the last syllable b ut one). This is always the
case when the syllab le is shut,and general ly when it is open.
Exceptions are indicated by an accent on the last syllab le (m e).I n derivatives the place of the accent is frequently altered. NO
definite rul es can b e given for the a ccentuation of foreign words.
THE ARABIC ALPHABET
The Arab ic alphab et b eing insufficient to express al l the sounds
Of the Malay spoken language , the form of certain kindred lettersmodified to denote g, ch, j , ng, ny, and p .
ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION
Eq uivalent.
Isolated Fina l . Med ial Initia l.
da (da )
Cf 4 ka (kaf)
I.
rm 5. (mini )
l J J 15. (lam)
jfi (jim )
wa (wan)
P and g are very frequ ently written with one dot instead Of three .
MALAY MANUAL
Arab ic is written from right to left.With the exception of a ,
jand all the letters have slightly
different forms, a ccording as they occu r at the b eginn ing, in themiddle
,or at the end of a word— the resul t of the attempt to
combine the letters of a word in writing. The three lettersdo not comb ine with a following consonant.
The forms in the first column of the tab le are those of the letterswhen standing a lone . I t follows from the preceding remarks thatthese forms are used
(a) at the b eginning Of a word only a ,J
and e.g., E.)
(b) at the end of a word if c, J orJprecede
,e.g.
, w};
(c) in the middle of a word only a , Jand if one of these
letters precedes, e.g. , gu n)
The forms in the second column are used at the end Of a wordif neither a nor nor
Jprecedes, e.g., ma fia .
The forms in the third column are used when none of the
three letters g ,j’ J
precedes.
Thed
forms in the fourth column are used at the b eginning of
a wor
As a rule the short vowels are not indicated. According to
the Arab ic grammarians the consonants are the essential part of
a word. The vowels have no independent existence,but must
always b e atta ched to a consonant,which they follow. Where in
Engl ish a vowel ap ears to stand alone, as a t the b eginning of a
word, or where it orms a s llab le (as in again), Arab ic employsa special sign to indicate t e ab sence of any other consonant.This sign , which is called A
’
lif,
1 has the form l when standingalone and the form l in comb ination with a preceding consonant,e.g., M a l ampat,
ufl api.
When It stands at the end of a word it is represented by d“
1 This Al if denotes the ca tch in the voice , indicated in Greek by the
spiritus lenis, and referred to in the remark on the letter 57.
ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION 7
I t is sometimes necessa to indicate the short vowels, as in the
case of proper names,wor s with similar consonants bu t different
vowels. The Arabic vowel -signs are then employed
(above the consonant), Arab ic fat-ha , Malay baris di-atasto express d and open 6 : 3 5 , tada
!
.
(b elow the consonant), Arab ic kesra , Malay baris di-bawah,to express! and shut é' A} ttdci.
(above the consonant), Arab ic dhamma , Malay baris di
hadapan , to express a and it : Maid ; 33°
tidal .I
To indica te the long vowels the three consonants l , 4 , Jare
cg?bi. bé,
flbiz, be. In vocalized texts it is customary to add the sign for
the corresponding short vowel, in which, as the Arab ic grammarians
used, l for a, d for i or e, jfor 22 or 6
,e.g.
, b bd ,
express it, the consonants l , rest, e.g., U bd,L3A bi
,be,
f? 612, be.
The inadequacy Of the above is Ob vious. Not only is there no
distinction be tween i and e, 22 and b ut it is often very difficultto decide in ea ch particular case whether the vowel - letter inquestion is quiescent or itsel f ca rries a vowel , e.g. , fl
may b e
read ba/wa and ban as well as be and bo.
Au and at are written53 q
’
,e.g. , j , j .
“ bau ,£5 0
3LS”
ba i.
The Malay vocab ulary contains many words b orrowed fromArab ic and Persian . These words have preserved their originalorthogra b y, necessitating the addition Of fourteen letters to theMa lay al
)
hab et. As a ru le the native does not a ttempt to re
produce t e original sou nds, b u t uses the sounds of his own langu e
that appear most nearly to resemb le the foreign sounds. I t shou (1b e Ob served, however, that educa ted natives do endeavour to re
produce the Arab ic pronunciation ,SO that for a thorough know ledge
of the language it Is necessa ry for the student to make himselfa cqua inted with the correct sounds of the more difficult Arab icconsonants (such as Ain
,Often wrongly described as a vowel ).
The fou rteen additional letters are shown in the followingtab le (page
MALAY MANUAL
Form.
Initia l . M ed ia l. Fina l . Isolated .
gt; in Arab ic as th in think, t, or s in Malay as s in sit
in Arab ic a strong guttural aspirate in Malay as an
ordinary h
in Arab ic a strong guttural (as ch in loch) : in Malay generallyC
as an ordinary k
ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIA'I’
ION 9
Ain Arab ic as th in this,d, or z : in Malay sometimes as ds
,
sometimes as 2.
in Arab ic and Malay as z.
J
u
: inA rab ic and Malay as sh.
up in Arab ic an emphatic s in Malay a sharp s
in Arab ic an emphatic d in Ma lay as cl l 1 or l.
l; in Arab ic an emphatic t in Malay an ordinary t
Bin Arab ic z or an emphatic d in Malay as tl l or l.
tin Arab ic a harsh gu ttural , the sound of which can only
learned from a native : in Malay not pronounced lIn the middle Of a word it I S general ly indicated by a
kind‘
of hiatus or doub ling of the vowel .‘
iin Arab ic a guttural r (l ike the Northumbrian r or the
French r grasseye’
e) in Malay as g gif ) .
q in Arab ic and Malay asf (in the latter frequently asp).
(5in Arabic a guttural k : in Malay as an ordinary k d ) .
In addition to the vowel -signs the following are frequently used
in voca lized texts : Jezm or Teshdid Wasl Hamza
3»
In voca lized texts Jezm is placed over all vowel less con
sonants : W ,tamp a t.
Teshdid indicates the reduplication of the consonant overwhich it is placed meddah.
Wasl is placed over the initial A lif Of the Arab ic article
dl (a l), which , together with its vowel , is then omitted
in pronunciation . As the result of this the final vowelOf the preceding word is closely comb ined with the l
9 L~O
of the article :uL
‘
SfiJ l Ej j ’ ro’
hu’l{budus instead of
fi lmclleudus.
1 Where dl, tl occur in
‘genuino Ma lay words an indeterminate vowel has
b een omitted , e.g ., dlap an (eight) dilapa n .
10 MALAY MANUAL
(d) In Arab ic Hamza regularly accompanies the radical A lif.Its position changes a ccording to the nature of the
accompanying vowel : u i, g ).In Malay Hamza is chiefly used as a mark of separationb etween two su ccessive vowels.
(e) Medda denotes the reduplication of A lif :LSSTfor
Lsil l , api.
Further information on the subj ect wil l b e found in P. Favre,
e nwnaire de la langue ma laise (Vienna , pp. 7 -30.
EUPHONIC CHANGES IN DERIVATIVES
The followin rules are of great importance , and should b eca refully studie
Radicals in Malay are, as al ready mentioned,with few exceptions
disyllab ic.Derivatives are formed
(a ) by prefixes or sufl‘
ixes or both together.(b) by reduplica tion of the radica l .(c) by comb ining two radicals.
The prefixes are—me pe ber pcr ter bel pel kw , kau kasa di
The suffixes are— u an,
-i,Joah
,Jean
,-ku
,-lah
,-ma
,-nya , -tah.
Prefixes—When the prefixes me and p e are placed b efore a
radica l certain eu honic changes take place according to thenature Of its initia letter.
Before t and d the prefix b ecomes men pen- z t drops out,d remains.
Before It and g the prefix b ecomes meng p eng- z k drops out
,
9 remains.
Before p and b the prefix b ecomes mem pom- z p drops out,
b remains.
Before vowels and h the prefix b ecomes meng p engBefore oh and j the prefix b ecomes men p en or
,more rarely,
meny penyBefore 8 the prefix b ecomesmeny peny 3 drops out.Before y and w, n , ng, m,
ny, l, r the prefix remains unaltered
1 It must b e rememb ered that ny is regarded as one consonant, not astwo separate letters.
MALAY MANUAL
When any of the remaining sufiixes is’
added to a word, the last
syllab le of which ends in a vowel,the same ru le holds good added
to a word ending in a consonant,they often cause the accent to b e
transferred to the syllab le preceding them .
Several su ffixes are frequently added to a word. in w hich casethe word as it appears b efore the last suffix is added. is regardedas the radical : e .g. ,
dikd ta b ecomes dika’
takan by the addition of
Joan, dika ta'
kann a by the further addition of -nya , and fina llydika tcikannya
’
lah by adding-lah.
Redup lication.—I f one of the syll ab les of the radical is shut
,no
alteration takes place ora’
ng-orang. If both syllab les of the radica l
are open,the vowels of the first member of the compound are
shortened : e .g.,kuda
,kuda -kuda .
Words a ccented on the last syllab le, however, remain unalterede .g. , semi
,seriz-seru.
If a derivative formed by prefixes or suffixes is to b e reduplicated,the chief rule is that only the radica l , not the s llab le of derivation ,is repeated ; for the re etition of the radical t e rules given aboveapply. I t is to be furt er ob served tha t
(a ) the second part of the compound is altered by a derivativesuffix in accordance with the rules given above : e .g.,
ldki, ldkimya , laki- laki-nya (but la’
ki-ldki)the initial letters p , k, t, s are re laced, e.g.,
by ng afterthe refixes me and pe in r uplication the secondmem er also b egins with ng : e.g.
,ka rang, mengarang
nyarang .
If the radical b egins with a vowel and has the prefix me or pe
(in the form meng or peng in reduplication the second memb eronly begins with ng if the radical ends in a vowel : e,g.
,ada
,
ada -ngada , b ut ugut, mengugut-ugut.
Combina tion of two Radica ls—When two words are comb ined toform a new idea the same ru les hold good as in redupl ication :
e.g.,maté (eye) , ha
’
ri (day) , mald-hari (sun) .
PART I I
GRAMMAR
ARTICLE
THERE is no article in Malay, nothing exactly corresponding to“a”or
“ the .
” Thus kuda ma mean“the horse,” “
a horse,” or
Sim ly“horse .
” In the case 0 persons the prefix si is sometimes
use for “ the,
” while the numeral sa tu (one) or its abb reviatedform sa often supplies the place of the indefinite article. Thus :si-laki- laki (the man), si-p eramp uan (the woman), ada sa -orang (therewas a man) , di-sini sa tu ka reta (here is a cab ). I tu (that), ini (this),and yang (which) are also used to specify particular objects .
NOUN
Nouns are either
(a ) Radica ls, such as in their primitive form are sub stantives(rumah, house kuda
,horse) ‘
or
(b) Derivatives, formed by the addition of prefixes or suffixes,or both comb ined
,to nouns or other parts of speech.
Two prefixes, pe and ka and one suffix
,-an
,are used in the
formation of derivative nouns.
Nouns formed by the prefix p e and its modifications (see page 10nerally denote the agent or instrument of the a ction ex ressey the verb , and may b e compared with English nouns en ing in
-sr (in French -eur,-air) churi (to stea l), pen-churi (rob b er) aim
(to teach) , p eng-aj ar (tea cher) ; j ay'
a (to peddle), penj aj a (peddler) ;sapu (to sweep), eny
-apu (sweeper, b room). 0
Nouns form by the suffix -a h (1 ) have a passive sense , (2)denote or condition , (3 ) have a collective significa tion
makan-an (that which is eaten,food) ; minum (to
- an (that which is drunk) ; dengar (to hear),dengar
-an (that which is heard, noise) ; man ia (sweet), manis-an13
14 MALAY MANUAL
(that which is sweet, sweetmeats) ; hwmpifr (near), hampir am
(nearness) ; buah (fruit), buah-an (fruits, fruit generally) ; laut(sea ), ta ut-a n (seas, the ocean).Nouns formed by the p refix pe and the suffix -an correspond to
English verb al nouns in -ing aj a r (to tea ch),peng-aj a/r-an (tea ch
lari (to run), pe- la ri-an (running, flight) . The prefix Oftenthe form er or cl especia lly when the verb from which the nounis forme has the prefix ber (verbs of state or condition). Thederivatives then genera lly have a passive
, sometimes a localmeaning (nouns of p
la ce) burn (to hunt) , per-buru -an (that whichis hunted, game) ; er-u lih (to acquire), er-u lik-an (that which isacquired, an a cquisition ) ; ber-prang (to ght), pe(r)-prang
-an (fieldof battle) ; adu , ber
-adu (to sleep), p er-adu -an (sleeping place,bedroom) .Nouns formed by the prefix ka and the suffix -an have a passive
sense. They are ca lled by Favre “
passive participles used sub
stantively,” by Marsden gerunds in form as well as in sense
,b eing
in fact a verbal noun ap lied infinitively in constru ction ”: puku l
(to strike), ka -
pa lcu l-an e or that which is struck) ; da tang (to
come), ka -da tang-an (the thing or place which is come to) tiada ka
tahu -an (not to b e understood) ; ma tahari tiada ka - liha t-an (thesun was not to b e seen ).They sometimes answer to the English adjectives in -able
,-ible
ka -liha t-an (visib le) ; ka -da tang-an (accessib le). Formed from
adj ectives or verbs Of condition the deriva tives are ab stract nouns,
ex ressin the quality of the adjective or the condition of the
su j ect aya (rich) , ka -kaya-an (wealth) ma ti (to die), ka -ma ti-an
(death).1Malay is also rich in compound nouns
,many of which are very
expressive (see Shellab ear’s Grammar).
Gender.—In the case of l iving creatures gender is indicated
b the addition ,for persons, of laki- laki (male)
(fibmale) ; for animals and plants, of j antan and betina anak taki
laki, son (child male), anak p erampuan, dau hter (child female) ;sudara laki- laki (peramp uan), relative male (fema le) ; kuda j a ntan(stallion), kuda betina (mare) ; lembu j antan (bull) , lembu betina
(cow).
Nwmber.—A noun , standing alone with nothing to define it, may
generally b e taken as plural ada orang di
-luar (there are personsoutside). To restrict the numb er to one , sa tu ,
sa must b e used.
In the case of persons or animate b ein s,when the whole class
is meant the noun is often repeated to in ica te the plural : orangorang (all men , mankind), raj a -raj a (kings). Hence this method1 For a full account of these derivatives, see P. Favre
,Grammaire ole la
langue ma laise (Vienna , pp. 60-68 .
GRAMMAR 15
of expression should not be used when the noun is accompaniedby a definite or indefinite numeral .To prevent amb iguity the plural is Often expressed by the
addition of indefinite numerals,su ch as banyak (many) , sega la ,
samua (a ll), barang (some) : sega la kuda (all the horses).
Declension .—Malay, b eing a non-inflexional language, has no case
endings. The cases are expressed, as in English, by prepositions,the noun itself undergoing no alteration .
The Genitive may b e expressed in two ways
(a) by simply placin the governed after the governing noun
rumah raj a (t e house (of) the king), pintu rumah (thedoor (of) the house)
(b) by the addition Of punya : raj a punya (the king’s). In this
case the noun indicating the possessor stan S first : rajapunya rumah (the kin s house), sakaya , sahya , (I), sakayap unya (of me
,my), so ya punya rumah or rumah sahaya
(my house) . This use of punya should b e avoided, exceptI n the case of the personal pronouns.
The Dative is supplied by the prepositionsakan (for) ; the Ablative by dengan (with), deri,u lih (by).The Accusative is the same as the Nominative : as a ru le it
follows the verb .
LIST OF NOUNS
1 . THE CITY THE TOWN
Negri, city, town ,country : the
Ma lay equiva lents are il l-definedOrang negri , citizen , countryma n
Kap a la negri, capita l , chief townKamp ong , qua rter, villag e kamp ongChina
,the Chinese q uarter
Kamp ong di-mulca
,sub urb s
Tamp a t ya ng berku lil ing , environsP intu gorba ng , city ga teJa lan
,leboh
,street j a la n raya , main
road j a lan ka reta , carriage -road
Lorong , lane , a lleyJa la n ayer, gu tter
Ham ra n ba tu, pavement
M n, pub lic square
P asar, pekan , market , market-place ;
ha/ri p a sa r, market day ; p asarika n
, fish-market ; p a ge: ka-
pasar,to go to market
Jamba ta n ,b ridge membuat
'
amba tanka -sa brang sungei, to b uil a b ridgeover a river
Astana,mal igei, palace
Rumah bicha ra, ba lei rua ng, town
hall,king
’
s a ssemb ly ha llRuma h ma /ca n
, hotel , hote l ; ruma hsop i, ta vern
Rumah sakit, hospita l
Gre'
a,chu rch
P aguburan, b urying
-
groundSkolah
,ma lctab , school
Rumah j aga , guard -house
fil asjid , mosqu eRumah solda do
,tangsi, barracks
Ka ntorp os, post-Othee
Prigi, well
16 MALAY MANUAL
Rumah, house
Bangunan ,b uilding
A tap ,bumbong , roo f
Ginting , tile (for roofing )Ba tu -ba ld , b rick
Tanda angin ,wea ther-cock
P intu , door, ga te
Bandul pintu ,threshold
Sa rambi, porch , vestibule
Tangga , staircase
Yang ampunya rumah, tuan tanah,tuan rumah, owner, la ndlord
Yang-menyewa , tenant
Bilile, kamar, roomBililc (kama r) tidor, b edroomKanching . b olt , b ar to fasten a
door
La ngit-langit, ceiling
Dinding ,wa ll (partition)Kacha j andela , chermin window
pane
Pap an j andola , shuttersPronchuran , sa luran , gutter
4-8 . HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND FURNITUREDapur, ovenKayu ,
wood kayu ap i, firewoodp untung , a sma ll log
Ap i , fire p asa ng ap i, to light a fire
Arang , charcoa l
Arang ba tu , coa l
Tamp at a pi, fireplacePengumbus, b ellowsDian
,lilin
,cand le ; dian le malc
,
ta llow -candle
Ka li dia n, hahi lilin ,candlestick
Serba rumah, p erkakas rumah,
furnitureMej a , tab le mej a bu la t, round tab lemeja am t p ersagi square tab le
m ej a tu lgfz
wrl ting-tiib le , desk
Kauchi, sofaP eti, hopp er, b ox
Ka in selima t, sheet
Tilam ,ma ttre as
Tilcar , mat
Krusi, lewrsi. chair
HOUSE
Kayu p ernegang, handrailAna /c ta ngga , step (of stairs)Tin Ica t
,Storey loteng , upper storey
Ha aman,courtyard
gal
/£010
,outsidewa ll
ong asap ,ta rhp a t asa chimne
Kandang , sta ll (for cattlef’ y
Bangsa l , sta b le (for horses)Rumah ka reta
,coach-house
Orang sa -kampong , neighb our
Locheng“
,b ell
Jamban , wa tercloset
Bili/c (kamar) ma lcan ,dining
-room
Tampa t mandi, b a th-room
K lambu , curtain (mosqu ito)Tirei
,ta bir, curtain (window)
Kunchi , lock
Ana le hunchi , keyLoba ng a na l: hunchi, key
-hole
La nteip ap an ,floor
Ja ndela , findela ,window (of Euro
pean ), tinglcap (of native houses)Bomba , pump
Gunting dian ,snu ffers
Sumbu ,wick
Sepit ap i, tongs
Chuchu le ap i, poker
Sudolc, schap abu ,shovel
P elita , lamp u ,lamp
Lantera , lantern tenglong (Chinese)M inyak, OilSap u , menyap a ,
to sweepSampah, refuse , dirt, sweepings
A lmari , wardrob e , cupb oard , chest
of drawers
La chi , Icota lc sorong-sorong, drawer
P erma da ni, hamp aran , carpet
Tampa t‘
luclah, spittoon
Chermin muka , mirror
Tamp a t tidor, b ed
Katil,b edstead
Banta l, pillow sarong banta l , pillow
case
Selinmt, kambli, b lanket
GRAMMAR 17
Pasu chuchi mu lca , wash-hand b asin
Jag , wa ter-jug
M enchuchi diri-nya , to wash oneselfSabun , soapP ermandia n , b ath p erma ndia n ayer
sej ulz, cold b a th p ermand ia n ayer
ha ngat, hot b a th p erma ndia n
ba th
Sap u , p enyapu ,broom
en
per/ca lms dap ur, kitchen
Cherelc, betel , leiri, kettle
Kua li,frying-pan goring, to fry
Tapisa n ,strainer, filter
Chorong , funnelTimba , b ucke t ,Tu lcang masak, cook
Kua li,leawah, pot, saucepan (iron) ;
blanga , priuk (earthenware )Tu lup an , tudangan , lid, cover
Perleakas mej a , tab le serviceKa in mcj a , ta b leclothTaruhmej a , to lay the tab leAngka t mej a , to clear the tab le
Jaga mej a , to wait a t ta b leSendolc, spoon
Pisau ,knife
M a ta , knife -b ladeHutu ,
knife-handlePunggung , b ack (of a knife )
9 . FOOD
Makanan ,food, eatab les, a mea l Kuah
, sup ,soup , sauce
M aka n,maka n na si,
1 to ea t Daging , mea t
Buah-bua lza n ,dessert D aging lmnb a , sap i, b eef
M a lca na n pagi, b reakfa st ; ma lean D ag ing a na /c lembu ,vea l
Jada pagi, to b reakfast D aging bra -bra
,daying
‘lcambing ,
a lca nan tengahha rt, dinner ma laa n mu tton
tengah hart, to dine Daging ba bi, pork
ida ngan , course (at a mea l D ag ing ana lc biri, lamb
1 To ea t rice ,which is more idiomatic than the simple maker/n : so tu lis
m eat (write a letter) for tul is a lone .
Ayer, water ; ayer sejule, cold
wa ter ayer suam,warm
, tepidwa te r ; a werp a nas, hot wa ter
Tua la,sapu tangan ,
handuk,towe l
M cuyap a mulca , to wipe the fa ceBrus, silca t
,b rush brus (sika t)
p a lccian , clothes-b rush bra s (sika t)
gigi, tooth-b ru sh bersugi, to brush
the teeth brus (sika t) kap a la ,hair
b rush brus lcuku, na il-brush
Pacha k, spit
Ayah, sieveAnta n
, pestle
Lesong ,morta r
Tong , ca sk , pail
Ba lcul,kranj ang , b asket
Botol , bo ttleGedong ma ka nan , larderP ip a , ba rrel
S umba t, p rop ,
cork (of bottle )P encba bu t sumbat, kunchikorkskrew,
corksc rew
P inggan , dishTua la
,serbetta , tab le -napkin
P iring , pla te , sa u cerTamp at sup ,
soup tu reen
Tamp a t ga ram , sa lt-ce llarTamp a t lada , pepper
-b ox
Tamp a t gu la , suga r-b a sinGarfa , forkGlas
, glass (for drinking )
18 MALAY MANUAL
Bifstik, b eef-steakTelor, egg telor baharu ,
fresh eggs ;telor busa le , sta le eggs telorgoring ,fried eggs telor ma sa /c lcras
,ha rd
b oiled eggs ; telor dadar, omeletteRamp a lc-ramp a lc, spicesLada , pepper
Chuha , vinegarHa lia , ginger
Kul it ma nis,kayu manis, cinnamon
Ma lcana n ma lam, supper ; ma lcanma lam
,to sup
Sos, sauceIflldah
,tongu e ; liolah lembu ,
ox
tongue
Ha ti , liverP aha (paha t) babi, ham, hamDaging p erburuan, game
Hayam, poultryI lcan, fish
Nasi, rice (b oiled)
10. DRINK
Minuman ,drink ; minum,
to drink wa ter ; ayer baharu , fresh water'
;Anggor, wine ; a nggor p u tih ,
white ayer blanda , minera l water ; ayer
wine ; anggor merah,red wine ; soda
, soda water
anggor puf , samp ani, champagne ; Bir,b eer
sa tu botol a nggor, a b ottle of wine
sa tu gla s anggor, a gla ss of wine Kap a la susu, creamKop i , Icahwah
,coffee ; buah loopi, brandi, b randy
coffee - b ean ; loop i dengan susu,
C kolat, chocola te
coffee with milk tamp a t loop i, Teh, tea ; teh hitam, b lack tea ; tehcoffee -
pot hiy'
an, green tea
Ayer, water ; ayer minwm, drinking Sop i manis, liqueur
11-13 . CLOTHING
P a leeian ,1 clothing
P a leei lca in , to dress, put on
clothes
Bu /ca lca in , menangga lkan p a lceian ,to undress
Ka in , cloth, stuffKanching , b utton ; lobang kanching ,b utton hole menganching , to
b u tton membu lca , to unb utton
Ka in lehcr, shirt collar
Ka in ika t leher, necktie
K ochelc, sahu , pocket
Sp a ta ,
kasut, boot, boot , shoe
mengena lcan , to pu t on,menang
1 Pronounced pahia n .
Ubi, ota toes
Sa la sa lad'
Kobz’
s,kol
, cabb age
Roti,b read roti putz
’
h,white b read
roti kasar,b lack b read ; roti sa
p u tung , a slice of b read ; roti sa
buah, a loa f of b readM ada
, ayer mada , h oneyMantega , b utter
Kej ’a , cheese
Ga ram , sa lt
Sesawz’
,ma stad , mustard
Bunga chinglceh, clovesGula ,
‘
sugar ga la hiiam,b rown
sugar ; ga la p om, moist (granulated) sugar
M anisan,sweets
Kweh, pa stry , cake
M inya /c, oilZa it
, olives
ga l/can , to take off b oots ; 8a
ang Sp am, a pair of shoes
0 rp n , sanda ls (lea ther) ; trump ah
(wooden )Baj u ,
baj u kot, j as, coat ; baj u p anj ang ,frock -coat ; baj u p ana s, overcoat
Ta nga n baju , coa t sleeveA la s
,lining
Selua r,chelana
,trousers
Chelana da lam,drawers
Tali selua r, b races
Tapa k, soleTamit
,heel
Ku lz’
t, leather
20 MALAY MANUAL
Pangku, riba , lap , b osomKaki, leg (genera lly) ; betis (fromknee to ank le )
Jari, finger ; iba j ari, thumb ; j aritelunj uk , forefinger ; j ari ha nta
,
middle -finger ; j ari manis, thirdfinger ; j a ri klingking , little finger
Huj ong j ari, tip of the fingerKuku j ari, finger-nail
Anggola , limb
Pa m, perspirationBaging , fiesh
Da ra /i , b lood
Nadi, pu lse
J antong , heart ; ha li (asthe a ffections)
Ka lil , sk in
Ura l damn, veinUra l p utih, nerveNafas , breath
A er ma ta ,tear
uka p ucha t, pa leness
Ka lemahan , weakness
17-18 . SICKNEss AND INFIRMITIES
Kahidup an , ngawa , b a iga l , life(opposed to dea th)
Kama lian , maat, dea th
Sakit gigi, toothache
Sa kit Imp a la , heada che
Sakitpru t, stoma ch-a che
Ba tuk kring , consumptionS akit bm
'
angkit, infectious diseaseBa tuk, cough‘Umur , age
Ngaman ,siha t,
‘afiya t, good healthSakit, penyakit, illness
Muntah, sickness (vomiting )Demam kwra , ague
Bua ng-buang ayer, chirit, diarrhoea
Samp ar, plague , epidemic
Dukun , bomo , doctor (native doktor Kadei oba t, chemist's shop
(one who practises uropean Oba t-oba t, prescription
medicine ) Sakit, pain
Oba l , medicine Ta li, p ckdk, dea f
Tukang oba t, chemist Chaps/c, p enchang, temp ang , lame
Ma ta kaki, ankleTamil , heelG gam,
fist
B ng , b ack
Ra sa k,side
Ta lang ra sak, ribI / a ta t
,knee
Kaki, foot ; tap akfoot
Agarmaka , complexionSikap , figure sikapnga bailshe has a good appearance
Ta la ng , b oneI sip rut, intestines
P araa -
p a raa , lungs
P ra t,stomach
La dah, spittle
Pri j a lan , walk , gaitHati
,liver
Rap a , appearance
Ka lelahan,weariness
,fa tigue
Tidor,sleep
Selismah, cold in the headselismah, to ca tch cold
Demam,fever
Chachar. sma ll-pox
Baang-baang ayer damn, dysentery
Semblit,constipa tion
La ka , woundP a ra
,ul cer
Bisa l,boil
M ahanan ta’
haj am,indigestion
P engsan , faintness, to fa intP asing Imp ala , giddinessKadis
,itch
Benglca lc, swellingP ara t, scar
Sombap ,dropsy
GRAMMAR 21
P enawar, cure , antidote
katek , dwarf K asembuha n,recovery from illness
Ba ta,b lind
draught Bisu,dumb
Oba t lama t, powder Bangkok, hunchb ack
Waktu,mm ,
ka la , temp o, time
Sa -ra tus tahwn , centuryWakta yan seka rang ini
, present
time ; w a gang sa dah la la , past
time wakta yang kemdian , futuretime
Bul an ,month ; 1 bulan ini, this
month ; bulan lal u , last month ;ba lan dapdn , bu lan da tang, nextmonth
P agi, morningTengah ha ri, stmga ri, midday yesterday kelma rinJam,
hour ; sa -tengah j am ,ha lf an ay b efore yesterday
hour ; sa -sa ka j am,quarter of an Esok
,besch. to -morrow
hour ; sa tu j am sa -tengah, an hour Lusa,day a fter to -mori'ow
and a ha lf
20. THE UNIVERSE
Da nya , the world
La ngit da n bumi, the universeKha la ik, nature , created things
La ngit , sky , hea ven ; shwrga (as theab ode of the b lessed )
Bintang , star
M ataha ri, sun ; ma taha ri na ils or
tarbit, sunrise ma taha ri masa k or
ta ra n ,sunset ; cha ha ya ma taha ri
,
sunshine sina rma taha ri, sunb eamEdam,
da rkness
Sia ng , daylight
Bula n, moon ; chahaya bu lan ,moon
21 . WEATHER AND NATURAL PHENonENAHawa , udara , air, atmosphere
Nga la ,flame
Asap ,smoke
Awa n,cloud
A ngin . windAp i, fire
Ba nga ap i, spa rks, fireworks
1 The names of the months, of the days of the week,and the method of
expressing the hours of the da wil l b e found in the Grammar.Ma lays generally use tug
'
u ri (seven days).
Sa‘a t , minit, minute
Sa -kej ap , sekon ,second
Kotika , momentOrang tuah, old man ; ka tuahan ,
oldage ; brap a.
‘umur tuan , how old
are you
M inggofl j am‘a t
,week
Hari,day ; ha ri ini, to
-dayM a lam,
night ; tengah ma lam,mid
night
shine ; ba lan baha ra ,ba lan timba l
new moon ; bulan pernama , ful lmoon
Gerha na . graham ,eclipse
Tadak,shade
Bag/any , shadow
Pri hawa ,a da ra , clima te
Timur,east tima r la ut, north-east
ta nggara , south-east
Sela ta n , south ; bara t da g/a , southwest
Uta ra , north barat la a t, north-west
Bam t,west
Ha ap ,a wap , steam
Musim , temp o, wea ther,
season of
the year
Cha a cha ,fine weather
Kabu l,mist
Agar, wa terTi tak
,drop
Sab , sa lj u , snow
22 MALAY MANUAL
P anas, kap anasan , heat season ; haj an lebat, heavy rain ;D ingin , kad inginan ,
cold huj an rintek -rintek, light ra inRebia, sp ring , spring M a sim p anas, kamara a ,
dry season
M a szm nas, summer Haj an ba ta , hailuahbuahan , kha rif, autumn Emba n
,dew
Gu‘
mp ah bami, earthquakeHagan , ra in ; masim haj an , rainy
22. THE EARTH
Kami, arth
B a ttab, pole
Bina tang (twelve animals), signs of
the zodiac
Tanah bcsar, mainlandBa tu la a t, rock
Kha tt istiwa , equa torDammit , degreeP antei, tept la ut, shore , coast
Pulau , island
Danaa . kolam, tasek, lake , pond
P aya , swampGunong, mountain
Kamanchak,top (of mounta in)
Ka lci,foot (of mountain)
Gwnongganongan ,mountain-range
Padang , pla in (0 on country a s
opposed to jungles)
P asi/r, sand
Sdai , strait
Tobing, tep i, b ank (of river)A ro
'ngan , fordTambangan , ferry
23 . THE FAMILYBapa , fatherI ba , mak, mother
Sada/m laki-laki , b rother
Sa dara p eramp ua n , sisterKakala, e lder sisterAddc, ounger sister
Anakgrid -la id ,son
Ana kp eramp uan , daughter
Ka um ka la rga , sana lc, rela tivesMa lamuda
,mak sudara , aunt
Bap a sadara , mama sudara,uncle M entua p eramp uan , mother-in-law
Anak suda ra , nephew Bap a tiri, step -fatherAna l : madam p eramp ua n , niece I ba tiri
, step-mother
Laki, sa ami, husband
(b y sister) ; Bini, isiri, wifePia ta
,etim
,orphan
n-law Janda ia lci-lalai,widower
d,infant
Kahwin, marriage, to marry”ber
Amp ang, damGa ah
,cave
Belantara,desert
Ombak, waveK arang, reef, cora lBahaman bami, zoneLa a t, se aLantan, ocean
Aye? sa ra t, ebbAyerp asang , flow
Huta n, a tan ,forest
, jungleBakit, hillJa lan sempit, passGa nong berap i , volcanoTanah
,land dara t (opposed to
water)Teli
’
ilc,bay, gulf
Sa ngei, riverKa a la , mouth (of river)M a ta agar, source , springAgar terj a n ,
waterfa llLembah
,va lley
Deba,leba , dust
istrilcan (of the man) , ba 'lakikanof the woman)asiat, will , testament
Waris, yang mendap a tp asaka , heirPusaka , inheritance
Nenek laki-la lci, grandfatherNenekp eramp uan , grandmotherChuchu laki-laki, grandson
Pengaj ara n , instructiontea cher
pupil
GRAMMAR
24. INSTRUCTION
Ha raf, letters of the a lphab et
Kartas, paper ; kartas sa -lei
,
of paper ; kartas sura t,
sheet
writing
paper ; kartas kemba ng, b lottingpa per
M a ka, page
Sal in,
-to copy sa linan , copy
25 . AMUSEMENTS ART
P emna inan , amusement , games
Ma in bola , b illia rds
M a in dada , dice throwingP arma ina n undi, casting lots
Untong , la ba , winnings
Ragi , loss
Tari,dancing
Main cha ta r, chess ; raj a , kingmantri, queen ; gaiah, b isho p ;kada
,knight ; tir, castle ; bidak ,
pawn ; sah, check ; ma t, mate
Dam,choki, draughts
Ramah wayang , the atre ; wagang,
performance ; ma in wayang , to wt
Bangsa , nation, peopleOrang using , foreignerOrang sa negri, native
,
man
26. THE STATE
towns
Orang dasa n , countryman (opposedto dweller in town)
Ra m, kingRaga peramp ua n , queenKaraga an
,kingdom
Makkola , taj , crown
O mng bangsawan , nob leman (by
P arentahan , government
Mantri,minister ; p erdana
prime minister
Ka adilan, justice
Ania ya , injusticeHakim
, judgeBa lsam judgment, sentence
mantri,
27 . JUSTICE , LAW
23
Ta dahan , accusa tion
P enadah, accuser
P embunuha n ,murderer
murder p embunuh,
Skolah, maktab , schoolKa ta ,
word , to sayK el imah
,sentence
fi’
a,syllab le
Seba ta n , lidah, banyi , pronunciation
P emba cha -an, reading
Ta lisan,writing
Tinta , dawa t, ink ; tamp a t tinta ,ink
stand
Kalam, p enna , p en , pen
P a tla t, p ensil , pencil
Ba ngi-ba nyia n , musicN afiri, trumpet‘I lmu , hilana t, art, knowledge
P andei memaha t , pengukir,carver
,
scul ptor
P cna l is, p aw/Mei menulis gambar,painter
Gamba r, pictureTalis, to draw , sketch ; ta lisan ,
drawingBangsi, sa ling , fluteNganyian , song ; nyangi, to sing
I si negri, anak raga t, inhab itantsN egri bap a , fa therlandHamba , patek, slaveMaha ri
’
v'
a,emperor (grea t king )
P ut'ra , prince ; p a t/Ii , princess
Raja mada,heir apparent
Ta ichia , singgahsana , throne
Jawa t, office , post ; p enj awa t, officia lGuberna r
, governor
Da ira , j aj alian , provincePolis, police ; mata -ma ta , policeman ;rumahp asong , police Sta tion
Dusun ,loam
,village
Cha kei, to
ax,totoll
Orang minta sadakah, b egga r
24 MALAY MANUAL
Kacha ria n, theft Dosa , sa la li , crime , offenceOrang pencha ri, thie f Orang sal ah, criminal , convictP erta nda , executioner P ena la ng bicha
'ra
, advocateTia ng gantungan , ga llows Ba nah diri
,suicide
Undang-a ndang , law Rachun
, poison
Tamp a t Ila /cam,bicha ra , law court Silcsa , punishment
Penanglcap an , arrest tanglcap ,to Amp a n , pardon
arrest Pa/nj a/ra , j el , prison
28. TRAVELLING
to emb ark
to disemb ark
Praha , b oat
Kwra ng, kamar, cab inKa/reta ,
kreta,coach
,cab
Ramah cha lcei, custom -house
P eti, kopp e'r,b ox
, trunk
Ja lan best, railwayRel , rails
29. TRADE
Bcrngaga ,menngaga , trade , commerceOrang daga ng , sa dagar, merchantBorong , wholesa leJaga lan , retail
Barang , goods
Kira -him , bill , account
Sura t betal , resit, receipt
Sura t, letter
Saronpsura t, envelope
E u a raj a , stamp , stampBill
y
!?ta lis, loa ntor, ofis, officeKadei, shopJa a lan , sa le
Lelong, auction
Elian , purchase
Bag/afran , payment
30. TRADES
P elmj a -an , p cncharian , occupation,trade , means of live lihood
Ta lcang, workman , artisan
Katya ,work
P arka lca s, tools
Tukang 1 ka reta , carriage makerBest, b la cksm ithP a lm ,
na il maker ; p a lm,nail ; pa lm
slcrap ,screw
Pisa a , cutler
1 Tuka ng , answering to the termination -or (painter, baker), is to besupplied before all the remaining nouns in this section.
steamer
voyageKamm,
Shipwreck
P em’
alanan, journey
Samp ei, to arriveJal a n , berangka t, to set out
Sura t karota ap i, ticket, ticketBarang-barang , luggage
Sura tp ass, passport
Kareta ap i, locomotive, train
Faklar, invoiceBla nj a , expensesLak, sea ling -wax
Wang yang disimp an ,savings
pa n ,to save
, pu t b yTa ka ng wa ng , cashierTa ka ng ta kar wang, money-changer
Timbangan , sca les
Ha tang, deb t
Piha tang , credit
Wang , money ; wa ng kechil , change ;wa ng ka/rta s, paper money, cheque
Amas, ma s, goldP erak, silverTembaga , copper, brass
Spain, shoemakerJahit, ta ilor
Kacha, gla zier
Kaya , carpenter
A lma ri, joinerTong , cooper
Besi kuda,farrier ; la/nolasan , anvil ;
ema ka l, ma rtil , hammer ;p engamb e llows
Tenan,weaver
GRAMMAR
Samak, tanner
Roti, baker
P engilinggan , millerPria k, potter
Chap , printer
Orloj i, j ,am watchmaker
31 . AGRICULTURE
ntryman, peasant
P enuwe an , harvest menawe,mena bes, to reap
K awa n, herd
Gomba la,herdsman
,shepherd
a hunter
Kaban , garden, plantation
32, 33 . ANIMALS , BIRDS , FISHES, INSECTS
Binata ng , animalKa l il , skin
M angst, kera, monkeyBruang , b earA 'nfi ng. dosKuching , cat
r
Tika s, rat , mouse
La nda k, porcupine
Gaaah, e lephant ;ivory bela ici
,trunk
Ba bi, pigOnta ,
camel
K ambing , goatEula
,hair
I ka r,ekor, tail
Ba rong , b ird ; sarang ba rong, b ird’
s
nest ; sagap , wing , parah, b eak ;hul a ,
fea therM erp a ti, pigeon (tame) ;(wild )
Hayam Blanda , turkeyOnta , ostrich
Cha t, painterDaging , butcher
Bir, b rewer
Amas, goldsmith
M ina ta ,washerman
Ka ban, gardener
J ilid ba ka,b ookb inder
Jua l buka , bookseller
Benih, biji, seedSa bil , sickle
Bangsa l, shedP ada ng rampa t, meadow
Kanda ng , sta ll (for ca ttle) ; bangsa lkada , sta l , stab le (for horses)
P agar, hedge , fenceCha ngkul , hoe (large , used for
digging )P engga li, spade
Sika t tanah, merada , rake , b arrow
Kla ang , vampireGa rg , wolfSinga , lion ; bula tengkok, mane ;ka ka
,Claw
Kwela,hare
Tup ei, sq u irrelBadak
,rhinoceros
Ka da ayer, hippopotamus
Ka ldei,ass
Ra sa,stag
K ada,horse ka ka
, hoo f ; bul u
lengkok, mane
Ie mba ,sap i, ox
Biri-biri,domba
,sheep
Ika n pans, wha le
I tek, duck
Ika n , fish ; tulang, b one ; telor, roe ;sisek
,sca les
Belat,ee l
Ula r, snake
P enya ,ka ta ng , turtle
Kura -ka ra,la bi-labi
,tortoise
B aa ga , cro codile
Penga il , fisherman ; had , mengaa,
26 MALAY MANUAL
to fish with a rod , mcnj a la (with a
net) ; ha il , hook ; ta li ka il , line ;j aran , rod amp an , b aitKumbang , b eetle
Lebah, b ee singa t, sting ; ma du ,
honey indoloma du,honeycomb
Kra'met
, tabuan ,wasp , horne t
Hcla ng , tang , hawk , fa lconRafa-watt, eagleB antu , pungguk, owlNari, parroq uetP ip it, sparrowGaga l
7c, crow
Hag/am j antan , cock ; kukuk,to
crow ; hag/am betz’
na,hen
34. PLANTS
Tumbuh-tumbukan,tanaman
, plants
Pokola, tree ba ta ng , trunk aka r,
kulit, bark dahan, cha ba ng ,
b ranch da un, lea f ; bunga ,
b lossom ; buah, fruitPokok yang berbuah, fruit-treePisang , b anana
Dalima , pomegranate
Ara , figSukwn, bread-fruitP ina ng, be te l
-nut
Kayu m nz’
s,cinnamon
Bambu , b ambooJagong , maize
Retan ,ra ttan
Ubi kladi, yam
Bag/am ,spinach
Kachang , peas, b eansLobak, radish
Tombz'
lcm’
,wa ter-melon
Klap a , coco-nut
35 . MINERALS
Galian , mine Sendawa,sa ltpetre
Perak, silver Tanah lia t, clayBaj a , steel Tembaga mem h, copper
Timah hitam,lead Ttmahp unk , .
tin
Tembaga loaning , brass s ah 3 am,21110
Best berani, magnet Raksa , ayerp erak, quicksflver
Ba tu berani, loadstone Ba tu ,stone
I ntau ,diamond
Yakut, rub y, hyacinth marb le
Kapur, lime kap'wr slaked
lune ; kapm‘ toner, quicklime
Nyamok, mosquitoAgas, gnat
La la t,fly
scorpionUnam
,sna il
Hu la t,u la t
,cha ching , worm
Chichek,l izard
”
(common house)Ka ta /c
,kuduk
,frog
Ha dang , shrimpHuda ng ga la , lob ster
K etam,kap iting, crab
Timm,oyster
Semat , ant ; anez'
anew? (white ) ;kerangga (large red)
Bilalang , locustLa ba -la ba
,spider ; sarang laba
-la ba ,spider
’
s web
Hu la t su tra , silkworm
Khurma , dateLima u asam
,lemon
Limau manta , orangeLimau mpt
'
s, limeM angga ,
mango
Badam,a lmonds
Saga , sago
Tebz’
c,sugar
-cane
Padi, rice (in the husk ) ; bras (unhusked ) ; nasi (boile d )
P a la , nutmegKap as, cotton
Ubi, pota to
Kobts,Icol , cabbage
Ba zoang, onion
Chendawam,mu shroom
Tamm,indigo (plant) ; nila (dye )
A°
un,afiun , ma da t, opium
E5391” barns, camphor’
ayu a’rang , eb ony
Gandum,trtgu ,
corn ; berkas, shea
28 MALAY MANUAL
Mahal, dear (not cheap) Bahama , bham , new
Bangsawan , barbangsa , nob le (bydifficult
Tub
gz’th)
d d)01 age
(of food ) Lax/mid (of things)Terb Open
La in , other, differentWolanda , DutchSiang , early poor
Ma dah,easy
Koscmg , empty, hollowI ng
'
3,English
B o g , tiada betal, fa lse
J auh, far
Lekas fastGems/i, tambun , fat
P eramp ua n ,fema le
Ham s,
a t, fitting , suitab leBodoh
,OOlish
Asing , foreignBebas
,free
Bahama, bha ru , freshP ena/i
,fu ll
Ba ils, good
Hija u , green
Klaba , greyBagus, handsome , b eautifulKras
,hard
Brat, heavyTinggi, high
52mm , hot
p ar, hungM a la s
,idle
ry
Bcbal,ignorant
Sakit,ill
Raj in , industriousBesar, largeLamba t, la te
Kiri, leftn an
,light (not hea vy
Twa ng , light (not darkSa -frup a , rupa sama
,li e
Hidup , livingP anj ang , long (in space)Lama
,lon
g(of time )
Kwa t, louRendah
,low
Gila,mad Lemah, weak
Laki-la lci,ma le Ba ik, we ll
M a laya , Ma layan Ba sah,wet
, dampTel anj ang , naked Pu tih , white
Sa np it, sesa lc, narro Kuning, yellow
Dakat,nea r M ada , young
Ham s,wajib, necessary
Kaga , richKanan
,right (Of direction)
M asak,ripe
Kasap , roughBula t
, round
Chetek,sha llow
Taj am, sharpP endck
,short
Terta tup ,shut
Chondong , slantingM engantok, sleepyLambat
, p erlaha n , slowK echil
,sma ll
M ohin , smoothLembut, softA sam
, ma sam,sour
La nclwng , spurious (money)Amp at p srsagi, squareBusuk
,stale (of food)
I / urus, trus, straight
Kwa t,stro
Cha kup ,su cient
Manis,sweet
Tebal , thick (not thin)Nipis, thin (of sub stances)Kurus
,thin (lean)
Ha as,thirsty
Leldh, tired
Kwrang bagus , huduh, uglyTm usah, unnecessaryM a da
,unripe
Eerguna , usefulTiada bcrga na , uselessAdat , usua l
I ndah-indah, va luab le
GRAMMAR 29
Persona l
There are many equivalents of the pronouns I and You . Theiruse depends pa rtly upon locality, partly upon the rank Of the
speaker or the person spoken to.
I Sahayu (sahya ), aka , hamba , hamba tuan, pa tek, teman , beta .
Of these sahya is the form general ly used by Europeans and
the upper class Of natives ; ahu chiefly in writing and b nativesOf equal rank ; ha/mba (slave), hamba tua/n (master’s s ave), byinferiors to superiors, or politely by persons Of rank ; pa tch and
teman b y natives, the former by inferiors to their social or officialsuperiors, the latter b etween persons Of equal rank. Beta is con
fined to the w ritten language . In a direct statement “ I ” is
frequently omitted, and the sentence made impersonal , e .g. henduk
huj an rupa-nya (I think it will rain ; lit. , it will rain , 1t seems) ;
kha bar-nya (the news is) instead Of sahayu dengar (I hea r).
You (singular) tuan or angka u (to in feriors). Ka u,ang, ha ng,
mika , kita , kwe, awah are local forms. Tuan (master, sir),non a or mem (madam), nonna (miss) are the ordinarym es Of addressin Europeans. Angka a should b eavoided where possible , and, generally speaking, ronouns
Of the 2nd person may b e omitted unless a solutelynecessary. In speaking to servants the name of theerson addressed is fre uently sub stituted for the pronoun .
arions terms are use in addressing persons Of differentsocial status.
1
The roper use Of these different equivalents and modes Of addresscan on y b e learnt by p ractice and intercou rse with natives. TheEuropean should confine himsel f to sahya , tuan , and ungka u (toinferiors
,when necessa ry) .
We : kita (kita ora ng) , and hami (kami orang), the la tterexcluding the person addressed.
You (plural) : the same as for you (singu lar), usually withthe addition of an indefinite numera l to denote theplural ; hamu (kamu orang), in addressing inferiors.
He,she
,it dia (less commonly ia ) .
0
They : did orang. Marika - ita is confined to the writtenlanguage .
1 See Maxwell , Manua l of the Ma lay Language, pp . 50, 75 .
30 MALAY MANUAL
Possessive
The possessive pronouns are generally expressed by the simplegenitive construct1on
Kuda sahaya , my horse Kuda kita, our horse
Ka da tua n or angka u , your (sing ) horse Ka da kamu , your horseKuda dia , his or her horse Ka da dia orang, their horse
The construction with p unya (see Declension) is also used sahaya
punya kuda (my horse) ; tuan punya kuda (your horse). The firstm ethod is preferab le , except in translating mine
, etc.
“Your ” isfrequently omitted in conversa tion .
Certain su ffixes are also used to express the possessive pronounsSing ular
Ka rla -ha,my horse
Kuda -ma, your horse
Kuda -nya , ,his
,her (its) , horse .
Of these Jou , -ma are confined to the written language , but~nya is in common use (especially in the passive construction )for plural as wel l as singu lar.Sub stantive possessive pronouns are expressed as follows : herta
ini herta hamba (these things are mine ; lit. , things these thingsof me).
D emonstra tive
This,these, ini : that, those, itu , more correctly placed a fter
the noun . I ni and ita are frequen tly added to adverbs andpronouns : sekarang ini
, (just now) ; aha ini (I myself, it is I) .
I nterroga tioe
Who ? siapa—kuda siap a ? ( whose horse ?) sama siap a ? (to
whom ?) a lih siapa ? (by whomWhat ? apa —Apa (tuan) ma n ? (what do you want l).Apa isOften used to introduce an interrogative sentence ,apa tua n
minta itu ? (do you want that ?) The adj ectival interrogatives,which what ? what sort Of are also expressed by siapa (of persons)and apa (Of things).
Siapa orang itu ? What sort Of a man is that ?Siapa nama orang ini What is the name of thismanApa na/ma negri ini What is the name Of this'
c
'
ountry ?
Mana (properly meaning where ?) is also used to express the
adj ectival interrogative pronoun .
GRAMMAR 3 1
Rela tive
Who, which , is yang, placed after the word to which it refersraj a yang adil (a king who is just) . An idiomatic relative con
struction (found also, e. in Arab ic and Modern Greek) shouldb e noticed. When in ginglish the relative is in the possessivecase or governed by a preposition , a corres nding persona l or
possessive pronoun must b e added at the en of the sentence inthe case re uired for the relative .
Thus,
“t e king whose kingdom is very great ” should b e
translated, raj a yang - terla lu besar karaj aan - nya (the king who
very great his kingdom) ; “ the man to whom the kin givesmoney,
”orang yang raj a kasih wang sama dia (the man w 0 the
king gives money to him) ;“ the man Of whom I s
peak
,
”orang
yang sahaya ka ta deripada-nya (the man who I speak Of im).
Reflexive
“ Self ” is expressed by sendiri (kcndiri), diri. They are used withor without the personal ronouns in the sense of myself, yourself,etc. Diri precedes, se iri follows the pronoun , and is always
used when the pronoun refers to the subject of the sentence : iapuka l ia sendiri (he strikes himself) Instead Of diri sahayu, diridia
,etc.
,the possessive suffixes -ku
,-nya , etc. ,
are frequently usedanahdiri-ma (you r own child).
Some : bebrap a , barang-barang.
Something barang ap a , sa tu apa
Any ba rang anybody, barang siapa anyth ing, barang ap a .
Every (each) sa -eu-orang, musing-musing, eu-sa tu .
Every one sega la orang, eu-barang orang.
Some one sa -orang, barang eu-orang.
(German , man French , on ) orang, orang-orang.
tiada apa , sa tu pun tidah.
N0 one eu-orang tiada , eu-sa tu tia da .
Whoever : ba rang siapa .
Whatever barang apa , barang eu-sa tu
, barang yang.
m e
The verb in Malay undergoes no alteration to denote mood, tense,
numb er, or person . I t is radica l,originally a verb (makan
,to ea t)
or deriva tive, formed from verbs, nouns, adj ectives
, by means of
32 MALAY MANUAL
refixes or suffixes : j a lan (a road), menj a lan (to travel), bini (a wife),er-bini (to have a wife , b e married), ba ta (b lindf,
mem-bu ta -ka n (tomake b lind) . The verb is general ly translate by the infinitive
,
although its meaning is rea lly indefinite , and is defined by its
position in the senten ce
,or by particles placed b efore or after.
he tenses where necessary) are denoted by auxiliaries, and thepersons nee not b e expressed.
Derivative Verbs
The chief derivative particles are. the prefixes me (with its
modifica tions mem men meng meny see page ber ter andthe su ffixes Jean and -i.
Derivatives are extremely frequent in the written language andin polite conversation ,
but far less common in the language of thelower classes.
Me (mem men meng meny prefixed to verb s and other words, ~
forms verb s which express an action as Opposed to a sta te or
As a rule , when the verb has a possib le transitiveapplica tion , the derivative is transitive.
As a general rule , in the written langua e,every Malay radical
prefixes me whenever it takes an Obj ect, u t this does not holdOd in commercial or ordinary col loquial language : minam (toggink, meminum (to drink water, j aga (to watch ), mengaya(to nard) ; luka (a wound), meluka (to wound) ; deka t (near),men chat (to a proa ch) ; ha bis (finished), mengha bis (to complete) ;ba lik (b ehind, ack) , memba lik (to retu rn , give b ack).Ber on the other hand
,forms intransitives, denoting a sta te or
condition, which therefore never have an Object. They are rea llyadj ectives to which “
to b e must b e supplied : suami (a husb and),bersa ami (havin a husband
,to b e married) ; ha bis (finished),
berha bis (to be ished) ; p uku l (to b ea t), berp a lcu l (hea ting, tob eat).1
The suffix Jean forms the so-called causa tives,which
,if transi
tive, in good style also take the prefix me Colloquially thismeaning is
generally expressed by other verb s
,sa ruh (order),
bekin (make), asih (give). Bua t (to do), bua t-kan (to do somethingto somebody, Jean b eing really a shorten ed form of akan) ; ada
to b e), mengadahan (to create) ; da tang (to come), menda tangka n
(to ‘
make any one come) ; liha t (to see) , meliha tkan (to make anyone see something) ; haya (rich), mengayakan (to enrich) ; anugrah(a resent), menganugrahhan (to make a present Of something).{he su ffix -i (generally w ith rue- v erbs) forms transitives : kras
(hard) , hrasi (to treat hardly) bails (good), membaiki (to make good ,
1 Without an Ob ject. TO b eat him.
”would be translated b y memulea l or
GRAMMAR 3 3
improve) ; d uayrah (a present), menganugrahi (to make some one a
present) ; da tang (to come), menda tangi (to rea ch a lace) ; na a ng(shade), mena a ngi (to protect) . I t also forms dou ly transitiveverbs when a dded to a verb already transitive : buka p inta , openthe door ; buka -i hamba pintu , open me the door (with doub leaccusative).
Active Voice
A numb er of auxiliaries are used (where necessary) to expresstenses or ven ous shades Of meanmg.
Ada is, are tiada is not
,are not, will not.
Sa dah
Habiswas
,d1d
,has
,had.
Akan
Man will,shall
,would, should.
Jadi is, was, b ecame
,b ecome .
Bu lih
Dap a t
Pa ta t : ought.Biyar : let .
can , could, may, might.
These and other similar words precede the verb , but may beplaced either b efore or after the subject Of the sentence .
The tense Of the verb standing a lone is indefinite , b ut if it isclear from the context that present, past, or future time is intended
,
the auxiliaries need not be used : thus, I went yesterday, I sha ll go
to-morrow,can b e simply rendered, I go yesterday, to-morrow.
Present— Ii it b e desired to lay special stress on the fact that a
rson is engaged in doing something, that an action is going on
{le
arn b reakfasting, they are sleeping) , the particles ada,lagi (still),
sekarang (now), may b e used : sahaya ada tidor,lagi tidor, tidor
sekara/ng (I am sleeping). The Present Particip le may also b e
expressed by lagi (lagi tidor, sleeping), or by sambit,serta (while),
or seraya (at the same time).
Imperfect—May b e expressed in mu ch the same way : ap a bila
dia da tang, sahayu ada tidor (when he came, I was asleepin
Sometimes - lah is added to the. verb , which then precedes thepronoun : diam-Zak dia orang (they were silent).
Perfect,—Sudah, ha bis, la lu , telah (written language) may beinserted before the verb : sahaya sudah tidor (I slept or have
34 MALAY MANUAL
Pluperfect. - Expressed like the perfect, sudah habis being Oftenused together.
Future—Expressed by man , henduk, nanti, aha/n : dia ma a jua l(he will sell) ; na nti sahaya cha ri (I am going to look for) .
Past Future—Expressed, like the pluperfect, by two particlesnanti sahayu sudah makan (I shall have eaten) .
Impera tive—Expressed by the radical standing alone, or -lahmay
b e added for the sake Of emphasis : masuk dida lam ! (come in l
la lu ! (get ou t Of the way ka la u mau porgi, p ergilah ! (if youwant to go, g
o I t is Often introdu ced by sila, minta , choba
(please) ; sila an duduk dia ta s krusi (please sit down,lit.
, on a
chair). I t is negatived by j angan : gangan lupa (don’t forget)
j angan p ergi (don’t go) ; surah dia jwngan porgi (tell him not
to O
“gT)o” b efore the infinitive he came to ask for money) is
not expressed.
Passive Voice
The passive is denoted by the prefix di the me prefix Of the
active b eing dropped. The noun or pronoun expressing the agent
is as a rule simply pla ced after the verb dian sa dah ha bis dimakan
tikus (the candle has b een eaten by the m ice) rumah dimakan api
(the house was consumed by fire ) ; sahaya dip aku l orang (I wasb eaten by men). The use Of the su ffix -nya (by him ,
by her, bythem) is also common in this construction : ditangkapnya ehw i
(the thief was seized by him ) ; diliha tnya eu-ikur herd (he saw a
monkey) ; disuruhnya (he ordered ; lit. ,it was ordered by him).
A sort Of passive participle is formed from transitive verbs bythe prefix ter terta lis (written) terpuka l (struck) terliha t (seen).A su bstantive passive participl e is form ed by prefixing ha and
su ffixing a n : ku likutan, that which is seen (see on“Derivative
Nouns
TO BE and TO HAVE
When “ to b e is a simple copula , it is generally Omitted rumah
banyak besar (the house is very large) ; ka rta s ini ha sar (this paperis coarse) . Bu t if it is used in an impersonal sense
,
“there is
,
”
“there are ,
” it should be expressed by ada : ada . banyah orangdida lam rumah (there are many people in the house) ; disini ada
sata kareta (here is a cab ).
36 MALAY MANUAL
SOME COMMON VERBs
The prefix me and itsmodifications, usually found m the written
language, are here omitted.
Samp ei, arriveTanya ,
a sk
Mandi,b athe
Ada , b eJ adi
,b ecome
P erchaya (akan ), b elieve , trust (in)M u la i
,b egin
M in ta p inj am,borrow
P echah, p a tah, b reak
Bawa,b ring
Sika t,b rush
Bli,b uy
P anggil , ca ll
Bul ih,can , b e ab le
Tukar, change (money)Sa linka a ,
change (clothes)P ikul , carry (on b ack )Suchi
,chuchi, bekin bresih, clean
Tu tup , close , shut
Da tang , come
M asak,cook
P u tung , cut
igi) ,) departHendak
)
desire
M a ti,die
Bua t,bekin , do , make
P akei ka in ,dress
M inum,drink
M aka n ,ea t
M a sa k, enter
Nan tika n, expect, wait for
Ja tah, fa llRa sa , feelI eika n ,
fill
Dap a t, find
Turu t, ikut, followLarang , forb idI / upa , forgetAmp a n/can ,
forgiveDap a t, get
Bri , kasih, giveP orgi pigi), go ; p ergi kla ar, go out
Dengar, hear
Tu la ng , helpHa rap ,
hOpe
Bri or kasih tahu , informSimp an ,
keep (take care Of,sa ve up)
Tahu ,know (understa nd)
Kenal, know (be acqua intedTahan last
Tertawa , laughB laj ar, learnTingga lka n , leaveBrip inj am,
lendBri sewa
,let (for hire)
Biyar, let (permit)Suka
,like
Hidup ,live
Hilang , loseBulih
, mayHarus
, dap a t tiada , (misti), mustUnj uk, OfferBuka
, open
B erhutang , oweBayar, payBri suka
, sa kakan, pleaseJa nj i, promiseTaruh , pu t
Bacha , readTarima
, trima , receive , acceptSambu t
,receive (in the hands, a
gu est)I nga t, recollect
Sahut, j awa b, reply, answer
K a ta,say
M ha t,se e
Chahari, cha ri, seek
J ua l,sell
K irim,send
Chuka r, shaveDuduk
,sit
Tidor,sleep
Hisap (minam) roko, smoke (tob acco)Cha kup , tu ta r, speakB erhenti, brenti, stopAmbil , take bawa pergi, take awayTrima kasih
,thank
P ikir,him , think
Ja ba t,touch
Sa lin, tery
'
amah, translate
Berj alan ,travel
Choba , tryM engarti, understandNanti
, lungguh, wa itBery
'
a lan -j alan, makan angin , p asear,take a wa lk
Hendak, mau ,
want, wish
Basoh,chuchi
,wash
Bekerya , buat kery'
a, work
Ta lis, write
GRAMMAR 3 7
INTERROGATIVE AND NEGATI VE SENTENCES
In conversa tion,the tone Of the voice is general ly sufficient to
indica te a qu estion ; sometimes,however
,apa ? (what ?) is used
as an interrogative expletive, or kah may b e added to any wordon which special stress is to b e laid : tu an apa ba ik ? (are youwell ba lih-kah tu an da tang ? (can you com e
The use Of the affirmative particle ya (yes) is generally avoided,
the verb or some em hatic word b eing repeated sa dah tu tap pintu ?
(have you shut the dhor sa dah ( I have) besar-kah rumah tuan ?
(is you r house large ?) besar (it is large) ; ungka u orang Ma laya ?
(are you a Malay sahaya (I am ). Sahaya is Oftefi u sed in the
polite sense Of “ Yes,sir
,
” “All right ” —panggil ka reta sewa ! (cal la cab l) : sahaya (yes, sir) .The negative particles are tidak, tiada (ab b reviated form ta
’
,t’ada
,
and a lso found as trada , tra ), bukan , j angan , belam (beldn) .
Jangan has already b een noticed in speaking of the imperative .
Tidah is the usual direct negative reply : tu an minam roko ?
(do you smoke tidak (no).
If the sentence conta ins an auxiliary, this is generally repeatedwith ta
’: tahukah menyura t ? (do you know how to w rite l) : ta ’
tahu (I don’t know ) bu lihkah da tang ? (can you come ta
’ bu lih
(I can ’t) .
As a rule, however, the native avoids a direct negative by the
use of non -committa l phrases.
Ba kan is more emphatic than tidak,and is used alone or
with kah in the sense Of “ is not,
” “ is it not ? tuan
? (are you an Englishman ?) bukan (certainlynot) ; inilah rumah dia a ta u bukan ? (is this his houseor not
Belam (not yet) impl ies a prob ab il ity Of the action negativedeventual ly taking place : sahaya belam ha bis makan (Ihave not yet eaten) .
NUMERALS
Ca rdina ls
1 sa tu,eu
,sua tu 6 anam
2 dua 7 tuj u3 tiga 8 d
’lapan
4 ampa t 9 sembila n
10 sapa la h (one ten)
3 8 MALAY MANUAL
From 1 1 to 19,the digits add betas (blas)
16 anam blas17 tuj u blas18 d
’lapan blas
19 sembilan blas
20 to 90 add pu luh (ten) to the digits
20 dua pu luh (two tens) 60.
anam p u luh
30 tiga pu luh 70 tuj u pu luh40 ampa tp u luh 80 d
’lapan pu luh
50 lima pu luh 90 sembilan pu luh
21,22
,23 , etc. , are formed by adding the units dua pu luh sa tu ,
dua pu luh dua , dua pu luh tiga , and so on .
21 to 29 are sometimes (especiall in dates) expressed by likursa -lilcwr (one and a score), dua lika r (two and a score)
100sa -ra tus (one hundred)200 dua ra tus
300 tiga ra tus, and so onsa -ribu
dua riba
eu-
pu lah ribu or sa -laksa
dua pu luh ribu or dua laksa
sa-keti or sa -
pu luh laksa
eu-j u ta or eu-ra tus laksa
1913 sa -ribu sembilan ra tus tiga blas
The words kurang (less) and tengah (hal f) are also used in
expressing quantities : kurang tiga sa -ra tus (ninety-seven) ; tengahdua (one and a half
, two less a half) ; tengah lima ratus (fourhundred and fifty).
Numera l O’oefiicients
These eculiar and important elements Of the Malay language
consist O“a set Of Specific and technical terms, cal led by t e
grammarians numera l afi a es, some One or other Of which is always
used as a coefficient to the numeral , the term b eing selecteda ccording to the class under which the Object falls.
» 1 Their use
may b e compared with that of the English head (Of cattle), fi le(Of soldiers), fleet (Of ships), brace, covey, and the German Stuck,
1 Colonel Yule in Journa l of the Anthrop ological Institute (Feb ruary,
GRAMMAR 39
Blatt. They also occur in Burmese; Siamese, Turkish, and
other languages.
Orang (person), for human b eings : laki- laki lima orang, five
men (lit., male five ersons) anak p erampuan dua orang,two daughters (child femal e two persons) anak laki
laki sa -orang, one son (child male one person )Ikur
,ekor (tail) , for animals : eu ikur kuching (one cat) ; duaikur la la t (two flies) ; ikan lima ana/m ikur (five or six
fish) ; sembilan ikur burong (nine b irds).Batang (stem) , for trees and lon Obj ects general ly : bambu
tiga ba ta ng (three bamb oo stalks) p isang dua ba tang (twob ananas) ; lembing dua batang (two spears) .
Buah (fruit), for fru its, also applied to towns, houses, ships,islands : la bu ampa t buah (four gourds) ; ada sa -buah
negri (there was a city) tiga buah ru/mah (three houses)lima buah kap a l (five ships) eu-buah pu la u (an island).
(seed), for grain and small round Obj ects : telor dua biji(two eggs) klap a muda eu-bij i (a green (young) coco-nu t)
Keping (flatness), Of flat, thin Obj ects, as pieces of money, paper,wood, metal pap an sa -kepiny (a plank) .
Ha lei or lei, Of hair, feathers, leaves, and other thin Ob'
ects
eu-ha lei rumpu t (a b lade Of grass) kamej a eu- lei (a s t)bag
'
u dua tiga lei (two or three jackets).
Many other similar terms,more or less limited in their applica
tion, will b e found in the larger grammars.
Ordina ls
“First,
” “ the first,
” is ertama, yang ama , or yang sa tu . The
other ordinals are forme by lacin ka efore the cardinals kadua,
ya/ng kadua (second, the secon an so on.
Fra ctiona l Numbers
Tengah, sa -tengah (stengah), sa tu or sa -
per-tiga , suku , sa
suku , dua -
p er-tiga , 13 eu sr- lima
,tiga
-
per-ampa t, 2. Other
fractions may b e similarly ormed by inserting p er b etween the
numerator and denominator.“ On ce
,
” “ twice,
”etc.
,are expressed by ka li (ganda fi lapis, lip a t)
eu-ka li (once) dua ka li (twice) tiga ganda (three times), and so on .
“ One at a time,
” “ in airs,
” “ by threes,” “ by thousands,” and
similar phrases are trans ated by prefixing the particle ber to the
numeral : ber-sa tu, ber-du a , ber-tiga , be
-ribu -ribu .
“Fold ” is lipa t : lip a t sa -
p uluh (ten fold) ; lipa t sa -ra tus (ahundred fold).
40 MALAY MANUAL
MANNER OE Exa se G TIME
O’clock ” is expressed by puku l (it has stru ck)Sudah p uku l brapu ? (what time is
‘
it ? lit. , it has stru ck howmu ch ? ) p uku l satu (it is one O
’clock) sudahpuku l amp a t
(it is past four) .Pukul tiga suku (a quarter past three) .B a ka
iltiga dua pu luh lima minit (twenty-five minutes past
t ree).Puku l tiga stengah (half-past three).Puku l amp a t kurang (less) dua pu luh lima minit (twenty-five
minu tes to fou r, lit. , four less twenty-five minutes).Puku l ampa t kurang suku (a quarter to fou r).Sudah ampa t hari dia ma ti (he died four days ago).Sa -suku j am (a quarter Of an hour).Stengahj am (half an hou r) .Sa tu j am stengah (an hour and a half) .Kapada hari ahad, tuj u hari bu lan , pada ma la/m puku l sembilan
(on Sunday, day seven of the month,at night struck
nine,i.e.
,on Sunday, the seventh, at nine O
’clock in the
evening).
Months and Days of the Week
JuliAgostu (Angus)SeptemberOktob erNovemb erDesemb er
The Mohammedan n ames Of the months are also in use .
The names Of the days of the week are b orrowed from the Arab ic
Sunday hart ahad orminggo.
Monday hari ienia or senein hari sa tu .
Tuefi
ay hari selasa hari dua .
We esday : hari arba ‘a or rebu ; hart tiga .
Thursday hari khamis hari ampa t.
Friday : hari j uma‘a ; hari lima .
Saturday hari sa btu hari ana/m.
The Malays themselves also express the divisions Of the day bya numb er Of pictures ue phrases : e .g.
,buntar membayang (when
the shadows are roun i e. , noon) .1
1 See Maxwell , Manua l of the M a lay Language, p. 139.
GRAMMAR 41
The Arabic figures are used by the Malays
PREPOS ITIONS
The chief prepositions,which al l precede the noun
,are the
followingAkan
, (1 ) to, for, expresses the dative(2) som etimes used (like sama ) with the direct Obj ect
and in the assive construction ;(3 ) as for, in regar to .
I t is not mu ch in use colloqu ially.
Antara,b etween .
Da lam,in
,into .
Datang, up to : deripada da tang, from to ; da tangkapada , up to.
Dekat, near.Dengan , with (rarely instrumental) tiada dengan , without.
Deri,deri-pada , from ,
than (in comparisons) . I t is also used
to form a numb er Of prepositional expressions answeringthe question “Where from l ”
atas, upper part, to deri-a tas,from the top Of.
ba/wah, under part, ottom deri-bawah,from the b ottom of.
blakang, b ack deri-blaka ng, from b ehind.
da lam,interior deri-da lam,
from inside .
hada
pan, presence deri-hadapan , from the front of
,from
siore .
luar,ou tside deri- lua r, from the ou tside Of.
muka , face , front (Of a house) deri-muka,from b efore.
sabarang, farther side deri-sa bara ng, from the farther side Of.tengah, middle deri-tengah, from the middle Of.
Di,at, in, on . Like deri
,forms prepositional expressions
answering to the question “Where ? ” e
Ganti,instead of.
Hingga , same meaning as da tang.
Ka,to . Like deri
,forms prepositional expressions answering
to the question “Whither ?”Ka rana (karna ), on account Of.Ka liling, round about.
12 MALAY MANUAL
Pada (kapada ), at, to, on , towards
1) represents the dative2) during, on (temporal) : kapada sa tu hari bu lan
,on
the first day of the month ;(3 )
“ in order to ” b efore a verb .
Sa -kadar, according to, in pro ortion to.
Sama , w ith to ative). Also used colloquiallywith the direct Obj ect (compare akan) .
Sampei, same meaning as da tang .
Sebub (Arab ic), same m eaning as karana .
Serta,with .
Tentang, con cerning, Opposite.
Trus,through
Ulik,by (in passive construction) .
ADVERBS
Adjectives may b e used as adverbs without alteration Of form.
Adverbs may a lso b e formed by reduplication or by prefixing sa
with or without the su ffix -nya , to other parts Of speech sangga h
sungguh, eu-su/ngguh
-nya (really) pagi-
pagi (early in the morning)eu- lama -lama -nya (always)
Adverbs
M ana 2di-mana where lDeri mana 1 whence ?Ka -mana ? whither ?Sini, di-sini, here
D eri sini, from here
Ka -sini, hither
Sana , d/i-sana ,di-situ , there
E u-sana , thither
A tas, di-a tas, ab oveBawah, di-bawah, b elowI / uar, di-luar, without
Adverbs
E u an ? when ?Se rang, lagi, now
Sa ben ta r, a t once
Tadi, just nowD ahu lu (da ta ), b efore , formerlyKemdia n ,
a fterwardsI ni ha ri, to
-dayI nip agi, this morningInip etang , this a fternoon
of Pla ce
Dalam,di-da lam, within
D i-kiri, ka -kiri,to the left
Di-ka nan , ka -kanan , to the right
Dekat, tiada j auh, nearJauh, fa r
Sa barang, sa brang , across
D i- blaka ng , b ehind
D i-muka , b e fore , in frontK a -blaka ng, b ackwards
Di-mana -mana , everywhere
yesterdayKelama rin dahulu , the day b eforeyeste rday
Esok (besOk), to -morrow
I / usa (beeék lusa ) , the / day after tomorrow
P agi-p agi, in the morningSore-sore
,in the afternoon
44 MALAY MANUAL
the meaning Of “ too,
” “also sahayu pun (I a lso), or Of “ neither
nor”
siang pun tidak ma lam pun tidah (it was neither daynor night). I t a lso enters into the formation of adverbs : itu -
pun,lagi-pun .
INTERJECTIONS
The commonest interj ections are
Hei ! hallo ! hi ! Diam‘
! hush ! silence !Ya ! (in addressing any one) Wah b
‘
ela ! what a misfortuneAdah ! Oh (Of pain) Wayi alas
Nyah- lah ! b e Off Na h ! there you are take it
Wah ! (astonishment) Jam mah forwardsBa ik ! b ravo Kasihan !
Chi ! for shame Sayang 1what a pity
Many religious expressions, b orrowed from the Arabic, are a lso
in use.
PART I I I
E ! ERC I S E S 1
Tuan ada b aik ? Silakan duduk di-atas krusi. Bahasa Malayuapa kata ini ? Orang ini ada anak laki-laki sa -orang dan anak
eram uan dua orang. Kapal dia jauh b anyak . Besar ku chinggeri ti us. Brapa tuan b li ini ? Tuan man minum roko ? Chakapperlahan
-
perlahan . Kaki-nya sakit. Dia b elum pakei kain lagl .
Sab aya b anyak trima kasih. Tuan kenal -kah dia Panjang sakali
ramb ut-nya . Tuan kirim tab ek banyak- b anyak . Bawa anggor
sama ayer. Masak telbr dua b iji. Sudah pukul brapa ?
Tuan,master
,sir, Mr ; the usual polite form Of address=you
(tuan - tuan,when more than one person is addressed) .
Ada,to b e . Ba ik (
pronounced ba i’ : see on letter k in
Grammar), OOd,wel
Silaka u (silakan h,sila
,sila - lah) , have the goodness to, please .
Dudak, to sit
,take a seat. Di-a tas
, upon . Krusi, a chair .Bahasa
,language . Ma laya (the attributive adj ective follows its
noun) . Apa ? what ? Ka ta,to say.
Orang, man , person (the numeral coefficient for persons : see
Grammar). Anak, child. Laki- laki,male : anak laki-laki
,
b oy. Pera/mpuan ,female an ak p ermnpuan, girl .
Kapa l, ship . Dia,see genitive constru ction in Grammar ; the
su ffix -nya can also b e used kap a l-nya . Jauh
,far Off (as a
ru le the copula to b e ” is omitted) . Banyak, very (adverbsfollow the adj ectives they define).
1 The ab sence Of grammatica l inflections and irregularities, and the extreme
simplicity of the ordinary Ma lay construction , make it unnecessary to givespecia l exercises on grammar or synta x . The specimens of the writtenlanguag e , given la ter on
,will illustrate the difference b etween it and
colloquia l Ma lay. The numerals shou ld b e committed to memory, sincethey will not b e given in the Vocabulary.
45
46 MALAY MANUAL
Besd/r, b i ere stands for the com retive . Kuc cat.
Deri,
gfi1
dm,out Of, has the mea
Iiia
ing a
com arative. rat,mouse.
Brapa ? ow much ? Bli, to b uy.
Mau , to want, wish. Minum,to drink
, smoke (tobacco) .Roko
,tob acco (the native cigarette
Ohakap , to speak. Perlahan -
perlahan (plan-
p lan) , slowly.
Kaki, foot. Kaki nya , his foot (see ab ove). Sakit, ill , bad.
Belam,not yet. Pakei
, to put on (clothes). Kain,clothes
,
properly any textile fab ric. Lagi, yet (pleonastic).Sahayu (pronounced sahya ), I . Trima
,to accept. Kasih, to
give,'
ft,favour ; trima kasih, to thank.
Kenal, to now.-kah
,interrogative particle , attached to the
word in the sentence on which the stress is laid.
Panj ang, long. Saka li, very. Rambut,hair.
Kirim,to send. Ta bek
, greeting. Banyak-banyak, the reduplication expresses the superlative .
Bawa , b rin Anggor, wine. Sa/ma,with
,and . Ayer, water.
Masak,b Oi Telor, egg. Biji, numeral coefficient for small
round Obj ects : telor dua biji= two eggs.Sudah, auxiliary Of the past tense.
Translation 1
How do you do ? (Are you well ? ) Please sit down . What isthis called in Malay ? This man has one son and two daughters.His ship is a long way Off. The cat is larger than the mouse.
How mu ch did you pay for this ? Would you like to smoke ?
Speak slowly. He has a b ad foot. He is‘
not et dressed. I amvery much ob liged to you . DO you know him His hair is verylong. The master sends his warmest greetings. Bring some wineand water. Boil two eggs. What O
’clock is it ?
II (for Transla tion into Ma lay)
You have a b eautiful horse . Whe re is you r house ? This isb etter than all . This room is very spacious. Where did you getthat ? Can he not write ? The tea is ready. I cannot Open the
door . He went by ship to Sin apore. I t has stru ck half pastten . Call a cab ! He does not rink wine. Let me see that silk.
What ishe plantin (is b eing planted by him Howmany childrenhave you ? He di not accept it (use passive construction).
You,tuan. Have (express b ada ). HO
‘
rse, kuda . Beautiful,
bagus (adj . follows noun).1 This and other English versions given should b e retranslated into Malay.
E! ERCISES 47
Where ? di-mana . House, rumah. Your, genitive constructionwith tuan (the master
’s house).
Better than , baik deri.Room ,
bilik. Very, saka li (after the Spacious, luas.
Get, dapa t (use sudah to express past tense see Verb in
Grammar) .Can he not ? tiada -kah bu lih? Write , tu lis usually tu lis is not
used alone,b u t sura t (letter) is added so ,
“to read books ”
instead Of the simple “ to read,” “ to eat rice ” instead Of“ to ea t.
”
Tea , teh. Is ready, sudah sedia .
Open,buka
,membuka . Door, p inta .
To go by ship,berlayar. TO, ka (connected with the following
word by a hyphen ). Singapore , Singapura .
I t has struck , etc. see Numerals in Grammar.Call
, panggil. Cab , kareta sewa .
Let,biyar. See
,lika t, meliha t. Silk
,sutra .
To plant, tanam (see Passive constru ction in Grammar use the
suffix -nya ).How many, etc. translate you have got children, how many
persons (orang)Accept,
III
(VULGAR B IALEG’I‘)Tab ek , tuan ! Slamat datang, tuan ! Tuan apa b aik ? Baik juga ,
tuan . Deri mana tuan data Kita datang deri negriWolanda
(Blanda). Erepa lama tuan a a di-laut ? Ampat b ulan se -tengah.
Apa tuan kena chelaka di-jalan ? Ada satu tiang yang patah. Di
mana kita bulih da at kareta sewa ? Dekat juga— b iyar tuan su ruhamb il satu ? Hei kuli
,mari sini ! Apa tuan punya suka ? Pigi
amb il kareta sewa . Kalu tuan suka kasih wang. Brapu dia punyasewa se -tengah harian ? Tiga rupiah se -tengah , tuan . Inidia punyawang. Biyar lekas komb ali. Saya , tuan . Kusir
,b awa sama kita
di-kantor tuan Residen . Baik, tuan . Apa tuan Residen ada dikantor ? Saya , tuan . Chob a tanya kalu kita b u lih b ertemu sama
tuan . Tuan b u lih masuk. Tuan Residen sekarang trada sempa t.
Kalu tuan suka datang kombali pukul satu . Baik,kita nanti
datang.
1
Ta bek,the usual formula Of greeting (=good day) .
S lama t (An ), health, peace . Da tang, to come , arrive .
Apa . This sentence is identical with the first sentence ofExercise I , except that apa is substituted for ada
,which
1 From Roorda va n Eysinga, Verzameling van eene menigte noodzakel .Sew nsp raken (3rd cd.
, Schonhoven, n.
48 MALAY MANUAL
here,as often
,is omitted. In interrogative sentences
which are not in troduced by an interrogative pronounor adverb apa is Often used to indicate a question (inthe written language and polite conversation the sufifix-kah is added to the word it is desired to emphasize).
Juga , also added to adj ectives,Often has the
f
force Of “ very,uite .
”
Kita , gve, Often used for “ I,
” which is generally expressedby sahayu , sahya . N egri, country. Wolanda (Blanda ),Holland.
Lama , time : brapu lama , how long ? (b etter brapu lama -nya ) .Ada : it b eing clear that the question refers to the past
,
the tense need not b e further indicated. La a t,sea .
Bu lan,moon
,month.
Kend,to meet with (tense
’
not further defined). Chelaka
mishap . Ja lan , way.
Tiang, mast. Pa tah, to b reak (intransitive).Biyar, to let : tuan biyar, the master allows= let me
,shall I ?
Sa rah, to order (depending on biyar) . Ambil, to take
,
fetch (depending On sura h) .Ka li, porter, coolie . Mari
, come here ! (only used in
imperative) .Tuan p unya , your (see Pronouns) . As a ru le the simple
genitive construction is preferred ; thus, “ the m erchant’sOffice ” is b etter transla ted kantor daga ng than dagang
punya kantor. Only in the case Of the genitive of the
p ersona l pronouns, which is used to supply the place of
the possessive pronouns, the u se Of punya is preferredkita punya , mine tuan punya , you rs. Suka , wish .
Pigi, common vulgar form of p ergi, to go.
Ka sih, to give . Wang, money.
Dia unya , his (see ab ove). Sewa , hire , fare . Hariana
Rupiah?the Dutch florin or guilder also the Indian rupee.
Lekds, quickly. Komba li,to come b ack .
Saya (ab b reviated form of sahayu), yes (see on Interrogative andNegative Sentences).
Ka sir (Dutch), cab man ,coachman . Bawa
,take , drive . Sama
kita , me (in vulgar language this superfluous use Of sama
with the Ob ject of the verb is common) . Di-ka ntor,to the
Office (more correctly ka Residen (Dutch), Minister.Ohoba , to try : Often used, as here , in giving orders like
“please .
” Tanya , to ask . Bertemu,to meet
,have an
interview with .
Masuk (masok), to enter .Trada (tra , tida for tiada ), not.Nanti sign Of the future tense
E! ERCISES 49
Transla tion
Good day, sir ! Welcome , sir ! How do you do ? (Are youwell ? ) ! uite w el l
,sir. Where have you come from ? I have
come from Hol land. How long were you at sea ? Four months
and a half. Did you meet with any mishap on the way ? One
of the masts was b roken . Where can I get a cab ? Just closeby— shal l I send for one ? Hi
,coolie
,come here ! What do you
want,sir GO and fetch a cab . If you will give me some money.
How mu ch is his hire for hal f a day ? Three rupees and a half .Here is his money. Let him come b ack soon . Yes, sir. Coachman
,
drive me to the Minister’s Office . Very OOd, sir. Is his Excel len cyin his Office ? Yes, sir. Please ask I can see him . You can
come in . His Excellency has no time now. Wil l you (if youwill ) come ba ck at one O
’clock ? Very well , I will come ba ck .
IV (for Transla tion into Ma lay)
(VULGAR DIALECT)
Good day, madam did you send for me Are you the washerman ? Yes
,madam . Can you wash my things ? But you must
wash them very clean . Madam wil l see . You must a lso iron a llthese things. When can I have the things back ? In a fortnight,madam . You must wash three times a month ; how much doyou want for that ? How many persons (are there), madam ? A
gentleman (man) , a lady (woman) , and three children . Twentyrupees. Very well .
Madam ,nonya (married woman ,
Mrs in the Straits only usedOf Chinese women ; in the Dutch Indies
,Of any married
woman) . Send for,suruh p anggil (order to fetch : use
sudah to form past tense) . Me,sama sahayu .
Washerman,tukang mina ta (Batavian : elsewhere usually dobi
or binara ) ; introduce the sentence by ap a .
Wash,chuchi. Things, ba rang.
But, tapi (more correctly tetapi). Must, misti, musti (vu lgar) .Clean
, berseh, bresih. Very, saka li. Them to b e omitted .
Madam wil l see use na nti for the future . See , liha t.Also
,la gi. TO iron
,striku
,istrika . A ll
,samua.
When ? kapan ? Have b a ck,dapa t komba li.
In, d a . A fortnight, dua minggo.
Three times a month, tiga ka li eu-bu lan. Want, minta . For
that, deri itu.
Person, orang.
so MALAY MANUAL
Slamat jalan . Slamat pagi. Slamat tidor. Slamat tinggal .Apa khab ar ? Khabar b aik. Minta ampun Ampun-kan
(ma'
af-kan ) sahya . Chob a : minta tu lung. Trima kasih . Adakah ? Apa itu ? Bra a ? I tu mahal . Tidak
,tuan
,itu murah .
Mana dia ? Apa mau Apa nania tuan (angkau) ? Ini-lah dia .
Lekas,lekas ! Ingat b aik-b aik . Siapa itu ? Mari sini (di-sini) !
I tu b etul . I tu salah . A a sebab ? Tidak apa . Ta ’ usah . Janganb uat itu . Ada -kah rumahdia b anyak jauh deri sini Tada jauh ;ada dekat. Sila duduk. Dimana tinggal ? Sahya ta
’tahu
entah-lah.
VI (see N umera ls in ‘Grammar)Tahu -kah (minta b ilang) puku l b rapa ? Sudah puhu l sa -puluh
stengah (satu ku rang suku) . Ada kira -kira sa -b las stengah . Baharupuku l dua b las. Sudah pukul satu lalu . Buku l brapa dia sudahdatang ? Dia datang kira -kira tengah hari dan pergi
2 petang.
Puku l dua b las sama dengan tengah hari. Hari apa m i ? HariSelasa . Hari b rapa b ulan ini ? .Tuju hari bulan Desemb er. Horloj isahya tida jalan baik . Sahya sudah lupa memu tar dia . Jam tuan
jalan terlalu leka’
s (dras), lamb at. Horloji sahya sudah b erhenti.3Horloj i tuan b eti
'
il -kah jalan -nya ? Brapa‘
umur tuan ?'
Umu rsahya dua pu luh tiga tahun lima bu lan . Ada kira -kira dua puluhlima tahun ‘
umur-nya . Mingg
o lalu . Apa macham musim ? Hari
hendak hujan rupa -nya . Ka an esok hujan ta ’ usah datang. Kalau
tiada hujan , sahya nanti pergi. Sudah b erhenti hujan ? Sudahb erhenti. Leb ih b aik b awa satu
payong. Ini hari leb ih sejuk
deripada kelmarin . Kalau chuacha usa sahya hendak pergi. Ada
kah tuan mendengar4“
guruh Tidak sahya melihat kilat sahaja .
Buat esok ; itu bulih . Bila b ulih datang ? Sahya ta’suka ini.
Apa chari ? Apa kata dia ? Kamana ungkau sudah pergi ?
Mengapa angkau tida datang dab u lu ? Dia ada disini sekarangini. Tidak patut b ua t b agitu . Sa -telah tuan sudah sedia
,b ri
tahu . Bulih - kah chakap Inggris ? Nanti disini sampei sahyab alik. Sahya ta
’ pernah mendengar itu . Sahya mengantok ;
1 The sign represents Ain in words Of Arab ic origin. The rea l sound isvery difficu lt for a European . I t is usua l ly ignored in Ma lay, where it onlyserves, like Hamza (see on letter K in Alphab et) , to mark a sort of ca tch in
the b reath ,showing that the vowe ls a re to b e pronounced separa tely.
2 Genera lly pronounced p eggy orp iggy,3 Usua lly pronounced brenti.4 Also mencagar.
52 MALAY MANUAL
mengarti ? Sahya tida mengarti. Huruf~nya sama, tetapi sebutannya lain . Patut-lah tuan b acha surat Malayu sa -kurang
-kurangdua jam lama -nya pada tiap
-tiap hari. Kalau tuan chakap Malayu
sa -hari-hari tuan bulih b lajar dengan sigra. Sahya mau tu lis surat,tetapi tida ada tam at dawa t (tinta ). Bawa dua stamp ,
1satu pen
(kalam) , kartas sa ci,kartas kemb ang. Bawa ini surat di pos.
Surat itu sudah serah-kan ? Nanti jawab -nya.
Bila tuanmau makanan (makan pagi) Sedia -kan makanan pukul
tuju sten ah. Makan pagi sudah sedia . Apa tuan minum kopi
a tau teh sahya leb ih suka chokolat. Bawa kopi dengan susu,
dua b iji telOr stengah rebus, roti, dan mentega . Kopi ini terlaluhangat ; b awa susu sejuk . Mau lagi sedikit ayer ; teh ini terlalukras. Tuan teh. Ay er ini ta ’ hangat ; apab ila mendideh b awa .
Mau gula engan mangkok teh. Bawa teh di - bawah ; tarubdi-atas meja b esar. Bawa satu krusi.
Bila makanan (makan petang, malam) sedia ? Menaruh mejadi b ilik (kamar) sahya . Apa tuan suka makan ? Ikan ini sudahb usuk . Leb ih suka daging panggang a tau rebus ? Ta ’ suka da inglemb u (b iri-b iri) . Mau daging ang matang atau mentah sedi it ?
Pisau ini tiada makan . Kasihsatu glas b ir (anggor) . Bawacorkscrew ; chabu t penyumb at. Anggor ini ta ’ b aik ; buka lainb otol . Tuan minum roko ? Ini tembakau b aik derimana tuan
da at ? Minta kasih satu tarek api (mach). Goyang (tarek)loc eng. Jangan bawa pergi kain meja .
A a sahya b ulih dapat b ilik (ka1nar) tidor di rumah makan (dihote Leb ih suka kamar di-atas
, sebab sahya tinggal sa-b ulan
lama -nya . Ada kain selimu t kring ? Kasih ayer sejuk, sabun
,
satu tuala . Sahya mau chuchi tangan . Sikatkan (bruskan) pakelansahya . Boot tuan b elum bresih ; apa mau pakei spstu tuan ?Suruh datang sini tukang chukur. Minta untingkan rambutsahya j angan putung terlalu . Sahya man man idan sa lin pakeian .
Kasih lilin mau tidor. Ada -kah klambu Nyamok buat banyak
1 Many common words from English (and other languag es) are understoodby the na tives.
E ! ERCISES 5 3
Fukul brapa mau sahya b angun- kan (kasih b angun) tuan ?
Mau bangun siang-siang. Min ta tunjuk sahya dimana jalan b esi
(karsta api) . Trus sahaja . Pukul brapa kareta api (tren) b erangkatka Kasih sa tu ticket (surat) klass satu pergi pulang. Brapa
b ayar ? Apa b ulih sahya minum roko disini ? Ta ’ bu lih, tuan
di-lara Bawa b arang—ba rang sahya di kareta . Ada -kah suratass ukul b rapa kapal api b erangkat ? brapa lama -nya pe layaran ?
hya sa-lalu mab uk lau t. Per dib awah b aring. Ini rumahchukei. Ada pakeian sahaja di- (falam itu peti.
Bulih tukar ini wang kartas ? Mau mas dengan perak . Sahyata
’ada wan kechil . Ini ringgit baik-kah ? rupa -nya lanchong.
Tuan mau li sa -ba rang ? Sahya mau cheru t,tembakau , pipa ,
machis. Ub i b rapa harga -nya ? Kasih resit. Kirim itu di-rumahsahya . Rrapa sahya b erhutang ? Harga itu kitab (buku ) duaringgit. I tu terlalu mahal ; sahya ta ’ bu lih b ayar bagini b anyak.
Rrapa mau jual ini ? Tida bu lih kasih leb ih murah ? Kalau
pergi ka pasar , b li telor-telor. Mau -lab bayar tunei.
! VII
Dob i,misti basoh ini barang-b arang sa -lekas-lekas. Brapa lama
nya sampei dapat komba li barang-b arang ? Dalam dua minggo
sahya nanti b awa kombali. Ada tiga kameja, 1ima pasang sarongkaki
, losen sapu tangan . Apa bulih b uat satu coat (baju) sama
sahya ? ini coat terlalu b esar. Kain ini terlalu hitam sahya suka
putih deripada ini. Kalau tuan suka, sahya nanti menghukur
sekarang. Misti b ekin ini seluar leb ih pendek . Pang'
1 tukangkasut ; mau su ruh dia buat pasang kasut. Apa tuan su choba ?rupa-nya terlalu sesak.
Transla tion
V
Good-bye (go in eace) ! Good morning ! Good night ! Goodbye (ab ide in eace VVhat’s the n ews ? The news is good. Ibeg your par on. Pardon (excuse) me. Please. Thank you.
Have you ? What is that ? How mu ch ? That is dear. No,
sir,it is cheap . Where is he ? What do ou want ? What is
your name ? Here it is. ! uick , quick ! ake care ! Who isthat ? Come here. That is right (correct). That is wrong. What
5 4 MALAY MANUAL
for ? Never mind (it is nothing). Never mind ~(it is not necessary).Don ’
t do that . Is his house very far from here ? Not far ; it isnear. Pray sit down . Where do you live ? I don ’
t know ; itis uncertain .
Do you know (please tell me) what time it is ? I t has stru ckhalf-p ast ten (a quarter to on e) . I t is ab ou t half-past eleven . I t
has just struck twelve . I t is past one .(What time did he come ?
He came ab out midday and went in the afternoon . Twelve o’clockis the same as midday. What day of the week is it ? I t isTuesday.
What day of the month is it ? The 7 th of Decemb er . My watchdoesn ’t go well . I forgot to wind it up . You r watch (clock) istoo fast, too slow . My watch has stopped. Does your watch gocorrectly ? How old are you ? I am twenty
-three years and five
months old. He is ab out twenty-five yea rs old . Last week . Whatsort of weather is it ? I t seems as if it would rain to-day. I f it
rains to -morrow , you need not come . I f it doesn ’t rain,I shal l go .
Has the rain stopped ? I t has. You had b etter take an umb rel la .
To-day is colder than yesterday. If it is fine the day afterto-morrow, I shal l go. Did you hear the thunder ? No
,I only
saw the lightning.
Do it to-morrow that will do . When can you come ? I don’tlike that . What are you looking for ? What did he say ? Wherehave you b een ? Why did you not come b efore ? He was here°
ust now . You ought not to do so . As soon as you are ready,let me know . Can you speak English ? Wait here till I come
b a ck . I never heard that. I am sleepy, I want to go to b ed.
Are you hungry ? I am very hungry . Are you thirsty ? Excuseme ; I am very busy. Let him come in if you like . I cannothea r say that again . Has any one b een to e nquire forme ? Ask
him he knows well . Who is outside ?
That 1s not my fault. Is that you rs or his ? I t is mine his
is lost. Tell him he must finish that . Of what is that made ?I cannot rememb er. He has opened the window. I don’t knowhim . Shut (lock) the door . Are you an Englishman ? I am not
an Englishman . What countryman are you ? Cal l the‘
servant.Wait for an answer. That’s no use . He has done tha t h imsel f.Is there any news tod ay ? Anything will do. I cannot say,
E ! ERCISES 5 5
b ecause I do not know . How many times have you b een there ?The sun rises, sets. I shall start early on Sunday. I have livedhere thirteen years. Last Tu esday at midday. You must b ringmy shoes at two o
’clock withou t fail .
I want to go for a drive can I get a cab here Tell the coachman not to come too late . At what time did you tell him to b e
here ? Coachman ,drive me to A S treet stop at Numb er 3 . Can
we get there in half an hou r ? Sto I want to get down (getou t). Let’s go for a walk. Where s all we go ? Where you like.
Which is the nearest way to A Turn to the left (the right).
Where does this road go ? Which is the way to Mr A’s house ?
Is he at home ? Yes,sir. Will you drive or walk ? Is not this
the road No,it is farther on . Can you show me the right
road ? This is the nearest way to get b ack . Do you understandMa lay Translate that into Malay. Can you read English Can
you write German To speak a l ittle Malay is very easily acquired(it is very easy to learn to speak a little Ma lay).
Speak loudly. How is this word spelt ? What is the meaningof this word ? How is this word pronounced ? Did you understand ? I don
’t understand. The letters are the same
,b ut the
pronunciation is different. You must read Malay at least twoours every day. If you speak Malay every day you will quicklylearn . I want to write a l etter
,b ut I have no inkstand. Bring
two stamps,a en
,a sheet of note -
paper, b lotting paper. Takethis letter to t e post. Did you deliver that letter ? Wait foran answer.
When do you want b reakfast ? Get b reakfast ready at hal f-pastseven . Breakfast is ready. Do you drink coffee or tea ? I preferchocolate . Bring coffee with milk, two soft-b oiled eggs, b read and
b utter . This coffee is too hot ; b ring some cold milk. I wanta l ittle more water the tea is too strong. Pou r out the tea . Thiswater is not hot ; when it b oils b ring it . I want some sugar anda tea -cup . Take the tea downstairs ; put it on the large tab le,Bring a chair,
5 6 MALAY MANUAL
! III
When will dinner b e ready Lay the tab le in my room. Whatwould you like to eat ? This fish has gone b ad. Do you preferroast or b oiled meat ? I don ’t like b eef (mutton). Do you like
the meat wel l-done or under-don e ? This knife doesn’t cut. Giveme a glass of b eer (wine) . Brin a corkscrew ; pu ll out the cork.
This wine is not good open anot er b ottle . Do you smoke ? Thistob a cco is good ; where did you get it ? Please give me a match .
Ring (pull) the b ell . Don ’t take away the tab lecloth.
! IV
Can I have a b edroom in the hotel ? I prefer a room upstairs,b ecause I shall stop a month . Are the sheets dry ? Give me somecold water, soap, a towel . I wan t to wash my hands. Brush myclothes. Your boots are not clean will you wear your shoes ?Tell the b arb er to come here . Please cut my hair ; don ’
t take off
too mu ch . I want to have a b ath,and to change my clothes. Give
me a candle I want to go to b ed. Have you a mosquito net ? Themosquitoes are very troub lesome.
When do you want me to wake you I want to get up very early.
Please show me where the railway is. Straight on . What time
does the train for sta rt ? Give me a first- class return ticket.How mu ch have I to pay ? Ma I smoke here ? No
,sir it is not
allowed. Take my things to t e carriage. Have you a pass ort ?
When does the steamer start ? How long is the voya e ? amalways sea -sick . Go downstairs and lie down . Here is t e customhouse. There are only clothes in that box.
Can you change this b ank-note ? I want gold and silver. Ihave no change ( smal l money) . Is this dollar ood ? I t looks bad
(s urions). Do you want to buy anything ? want some cigars,toliacco, a pipe, and ma tches. What is the price of potatoes ? Giveme a receipt. Send it to my house . How mu ch do I owe ? The
price of that b ook is two dollars. That is too dea r ; I cannot payso mu ch. How mu ch do you want for that ? Cannot you let me
have it cheaper ? If you go to the market, buy some eggs. You
must pay cas
! VII
Laundryman , you must wash these thin as soon as possib le.
How long b efore I can have the things bac I will b ring them
E ! ERCISES 5 7
back in a fortnight. There are three shirts, five pairs of stockings,a dozen pocket handkerchiefs. Can you make me a coat ? This oneis too b i This cloth is too dark ; I want something lighter thanthis. I you like I will take your measu re now . You must make
these trousers shorter. Ca ll the shoemaker ; I want him to make
me a pair of boots. Will you try them on ? They seem too tight.
EASY READING E! ERCISES
The words we'
ll befound in the Vocabu lary
Bri-lah itu kapada anak -nya . Sa -sa -orang yang meninggikan
diri-nya, ia akan di-rendahkan . Ingat-lah akan diri-ma . Sam ei
ukul dua -b las malam kita ada jaga . Rumah b aharu tuan su ah
hab is ? Sikat-lah rambut-mu . Tuan minum roko ? Apa angkau
hendak b uat ? I tu bukan sahaya punya salah . Harta -nya samua
sudah hilang. Sab aya ada banyak ker
éja . Matahari sudah masuk .
Siapa b uat ini ? Anak siapa angkau Sa -hari dua kali sab aya
mandi. Tulung sama sab aya. Kalau mau pergi, pergi- lah ! Sab aya
lapar. Mau apa-a a lain lagi ? Ada angkau dengar b unyi locheng ?
Angkau leb ih ta u itu deri sab aya . Sab aya tida bu lih kata
sekarang ; nanti sab aya mau pikir dahulu. Brapa jauh deri sinika -pulau Penan Dia sudah j atuhkan ,
hab is pechah . Pagi ini
sab aya b angun agi glap. Datang- lah esok pagi-pagi ! Kain ini
sahaya b li tuju ru iah. Bila dia b erlayar ? Dia sudah tu run kaprahu . Mata -nya iru . I tu orang kikir. Brapa orang ada anak
mu ? Madat tida b anyak laku sekaran Pikiran sab aya lain
deri itu . Ada puku l tengah lima . ia mengaku dia buat.
Dia sa - kampong dengan kita . Di - rumah kita terlalu b anyak
tikus. Saha a tiada kenal sama dia . Salinkan itu dalam b ahasaMalayu . A at kita tidor siang
-siang. Dia datan minta upah -nya.
Bila mau mul ai itu ? Bulih-kah dapat kentang i-sini ? Tangannya sudah patah . Kalau siang
- siang sab aya tahu itu , sahaya
larangkan . Ka lau esok hari hujan,ta
’usah datang. Ingat b aik
b aik l Jangan jatuh ! Nanti sab entar l Brapa mau jual ini ?Choba b unyikan perkata -an ini. Harga -nya b elum lagi terb ayar.
Sab aya sa -lalu pelupa . Ini snapan ada herisi ? Banyak negridia sudah jalani. Buah pala b anya laku sekarang . Ada b aikkah ? Kitab siapa ini ? Ini sahaya punya . Chob a sa -ka li lagi !
Tiada perhiasan ada muka rumah itu . Sia a melara ngkan kita
pergi ? Nan ti-la di-situ . Bangun
-lah lek s. Ia sakit b agituanyak, maka ia tiada b erkata lagi. Segala kalihatan bu lan itu
ia -itu bu lan pernama dan b ulan erb ani. Lilin itu sudah mati.Ikan kechfl di - makan ikan b es r. Besi itu sudah di - makan
karatan. Ia. ada (ii-rumah. Ia. sudah buat itu dengan murka -nya .
5 8 MALAY MANUAL
Serta minum arak orang itu jadi seperti binatang. Hamb a sudahb iasa minum anggor. Harus tuan m enurut dia . Maka hamb akira tuan lagi tidor. Karna kakurangan nasi maka ia makan
roti. Kita turun deri nenek moyang, yang b esar-b esar. Siapa
orang punya b arang-barang itu Maka tiada mau ia mengombalikan
wang yang di-pinjam -nya deripada kita . Yang di-peru lih dengantiada hak
,maka ia itu tiada b erguna juga . Daging itu sudah jadi
b usuk . Sudah pukul ampat. Maka negri yang di-alahkan -nya itu
pun di-masukkan -nya ada karaja -an -nya . Buah itu tiada akan
jadi masak . Maka kapa -nya pun terdampar pada gusung. Dengarlah dua tiga patah kata ! I tu b enar ? Apa angkau bua t saharianitu ? Apa juga sebab -nya ? Tanya sama dia ; dia tahu itu b aikb aik . Besar guna-nya ini deri harga -nya . Sahaya ta
’mau jual
bri-bri hutang. Adat-nya b angun sa -b elum matahari terbit. Maka
ibu itu tiada meninggalkan anak -nya . Perhamb a -an m engurangkan
kab ranian . Brani-nya sudah hilang. Sudah angin ribu tmerusakkan
rahu . Hamba pun tu run - lah pada ulau Penang. I a ergialuar
,tiada akan komb ali ada sa -b u an lama -nya . Tia a l a
m inum ayer anggor sakali.Iiacha ini b aik -b aik , sampei jangan
lupa lagi. I bu m enidorkan anak -nya . Hab is b u lan ini maka
sahaya akan b erpindah. Telaga itu hab is kring. Nanti sahaya
pergi pada tampat yang lain . Kita b elum m embayar upah padaorang b ekerja. Pisau itu tiada makan . Pohon itu memb ri b anyakbuah . Tuan kurang kaya deri dia . Ada -kah b arang orang yangtahu itu ? Ada sa -kira -kira lima puluh tahun ‘
umur-nya . Pohonitu sudah luruh daun -nya . Orang asing itu b anyak sakali dalam
negri. Jangan-lah angkau buat itu lagi. Orang itu b aik rupa -nya .
Rupa-nya mau hujan . Dia orang b etul . Ingatan
-nya wang saja .
Brapa tuan punya‘
umur ? Ini-lah dia . Di-mana tuan sudahdapat itu ? Tarima kasih , tuan . Pergi tukar ini ringgit. Apa
sebah angkau tertawa ? Keria ini terlalu kras. Ini hari terlalupanas. Tiada b anyak guna-nya . Sab aya tida senang.
CONVERSATIONS IN THE VULGAR DIALECT
ARRIVAL
Hei kuli panggil satu karsta sewa .
Bawa sekarang ini b arang-b arang ka -rumah makan tuan N .
Trada b ulih tuan angkat b arang-b arang-nya deri sini bagitu
sahaja ; b oomwachter (juru b atangan ) misti priksa dulu .
Lekas-lekas, kalu b ulih .
Apa tuan ada lain barang-b arang di-dalam itu kopper-kopperdenbarang pakean ?Tida 1 k
'
weh bulih b uka samna-nya , kalu saku.
60 MALAY MANUAL
Sudah hilang, tuan .
Ini perkara kurang trang.
Apa bul ih sab aya perchaya sama kweh ?Tuan b isa erchaja sama sahaya , tuan bulih choba .
Baik,kwe b ulih jadi yonges sama sahaya . S ahaya kasih dua
b las rupiah sa-bu lan,tetapi kweh misti jaga baik-b aik . Apa kweh
b isa samna kreja rumahBisa
,tuan .
Kweh b u lih datang seb antar,b awa di-sini kweh punya b arang
samna ; kalu kweh sudah kombali,kasih tahu sama sab aya .
CONVERSATION WITH A SERVANT
Apa kweh ketok pintu , Raksa ?Sahaya , tuan , sudah jadi siang.
Buka papan jandela ; lantas kasih ayer chuchi muka dan ayernnnum .
Di-mana gosok gigi ?Tra tahu
,tuan .
Kasih sa tu handuk dan b uang ini ayer !Kasih ayer b edidi, sab aya mau minum teh.
Ayer-nya trada b edidi, api tida mau b ernyala , tuan .
Ka
pan tuan mau makan pagi
Du u sab aya mau makan serutu ; b awa roko dan temb ako dan
amb il pipa ; lantas sab aya mau melanchong sedikit,b ekin sedia
makanan puku l semb ilan s’tengah .
Makanan sudah sedia,tuan .
Baik l Ini hari nommer b rapa ?Ini hari-hari am at b las bulan Jaunari .
Tempo apa ada i-lua r ?Kamaran
,tuan .
Angin derimana sekarang ?Angin deri u tara , tuan .
Bawa spatu tinggi di-sini, sama t0pi dan payong.
Spatu tinggi b elon bresih b arangkali tuan mau pakei spatu
kain putih.
Suruh tukang kuda , dia misti pasang kuda lantas bawa ini
surat sama tuan N .
Apa sab aya nanti tangguh khab ar ? 1l a 1 dan itu surat b awa di-pos.
CONVERSATI ON WITH A STABLE-ROY
Hei apa satu orang di-stal ?Sab aya tukang kuda , tuan.
1 The Arab ic kh is usually pronounced as k inMalay.
E ! ERCISES 61
Apa kweh sudah b ekin bresih (roskam).
kuda, sudah kasihmakan dan minum ?
Sahaya, tuan.
I ni kuda kenapa b elOn di-roskam ? Kalu tida mau jaga kudaleb ih b aik , misti k’luarSaha a minta tuan , jangan marah sama sab aya , lain kali sab aya
jaga ls ih b aik .
Fukul brapa kweh kasih kuda minum ?Pukul sa -b las sama puku l anam,
tuan .
Dan kapan di-kasih makan ?
Pa
gi ukul dlapan , siang puku l sa
-b las sama puku l tiga , malam
puku pan .
Malam misti kasih rumput kring b uat tidor.
Sekarang tuntun ini kuda jantan hitam ka -muka rumah.
I tu kuda ada sakit satu kaki di-mana dia dapa t sakit ?Tra tahu, tuan .
Angkat sella dan pasang kareta ; sab aya tida tunggang, sab ayamau naik kareta .
Kalu kita sudah pulang, kweh misti pergi sama doktor kudadan tanya apa tuan b ulih datang kemarin .
Sahaya, tuan. Kareta apa tuan mau pakeiKareta itu yang b aharu .
Bom patah dan glas lantera pechah .
Kweh misti bawa kat eta sama orang china . Sekarang chaharikarsta sewa .
WITH A COACHMAN
Ensir , b rapa lama kita b ul ih pakei Ini kareta —Anam jam,tuan .
Pukul b rapa sekarang iniBarangkali ada puku l tuju sa -tengah .
Raksa, ukul b rapa b isa makan di-sini
Pukul dha b las sa -tengah , tuan .
Kalu ada b agitu , sab aya mau pakei ini kareta tiga jam , kusir.
Barangkali tuan suka tangguh seb antar, kuda-nya b elum di-pasan
Tuan,kareta sudah sedia . Pergi (or b awa sahaya ) di- ruma
makan Jawa,di-kampong china , di-pasa r ikan ,
di edong b ichara ,di rumah nya Tuan Besar, di-wayang china
,(fi- rumah sakit.
Jangan jalan terlalu plahan .
Sekaran b awa sab aya di-kantor tuan N.
Kenapa rhenti ?Kita sudah sampei di
-rumah makan apa tuan mau masuk ?Kweh b ulih balik pu lang b rapa sahaya misti bayar sama kweh ?Tiga rupiah sa -tengah, tuan .
Ini apa dia .
Banyak trima kasih , tuan .
62 MALAY MANUAL
AT TABLE
Pukul brapa orang makan di-sini ?Puku l tiga sa -tengah, tuan . Kalu makanan sedia
,kasih tahu
sama sab aya .
Makanan sudah sedia,tuan. Baik
,kunchi’
kamar dan ~ jagasab aya di-meja .
Tarub sup, lantas salin anggor. Anggor apa tuan suka
Bawa sa tu b otol anggor merah sama sa tu gendi ayerI tu anggor merah sudah hab is apa sab aya bu lih b uka lain b otol ?Bawa anggor pu ff (sampani), sopi ahit dan glas kechil .Kasih chabut setop. Itu glas tida bresih, angkat- lah dan kasih
lain . Sab aya tida suka anggor itu ,sahaya minta b ir.
Unj ifk daging sama sab aya la i
I tu sayor sudah hangus kwelli Juga taruh terlalu banyak garam .
Sab aya m in ta roti.Angkat makanan
Sab aya mau minum roko ; tarub roko yang b esar di-meja,dan
kasih api sama sab aya .
Apa ada orang tanya sama sab aya ?
Trada , tuan .
Tutup papan jandela sekarang, sab aya mau tidor sedikit. Priksa,
apa ada a as di-dalam klamb u kalu ada,kasih k ’luar.
Ka lu a a pukul lima sa -tengah , m isti kasih bangun sama sab aya .
Sedang sab a‘
ya tidor, b awa masuk barang- barang di
-da lam kamar,
b ungkar kopper kechil , sikat pakean dan chahari tukang chukurdan tukang minatu .
WITH A WASHERMAN AND A BARBER
Tukang minatu sudah ada
Sahaya , tuan .
Suruh dia masuk di-dalam .
Apa kweh tukang minatuSahaya , tuan .
Apa kweh mau chuchi sab aya punya b arang ? Sab aya mau kasihchuchi sab aya punya b arang, tetapi sahaya tra mau bayar potong,tapi mau janj i dulu b ayaran hitung satu -sa tu b ulan punya .
Brapa sahaya misti bayar akan ini samua-nya ? Ada semb ilan
puluh anam potong b esar dan tiga pu luh tiga potong kechil .Lima b las rupiah , tuan .
I tu terlalu b anyak. Sab aya mau kasih dua b las rupiah peraksa -b ulan .
Baik , tuan .
Brapa lama-nya sam ci sab aya b isa dapat kombali barang-
Lb a’
rang ?
Ini klambu tampat ti or misti ada kombali dalam lima harI .
Dalam sa -tengah bulan sahaya nanti bawa komb ali dia .
E! ERCISES 63
Kweh misti chu chi bresih s’kal i dan suruh strika b arang samud
nya dan misti jaga , jangan hilang satu apa dan jangan kweh kasihorang lain punya barang sama kitaMau apa kwehSab aya b awa tuan punya b arang-b arang.
Sahaya mau priksa dulu ada kurang tiga , sa-
pu tangan dan duachelana , hitung- lah sendiriBetul Sahaya minta sab aya punya upah.
Bukan b aik,b awa dulu itu ba rang yang kurang.
Siapa ada di- luar
,Raksa
Tukang chukur, tuan , ada orang china .
Apa dia men rti bahasa malayu
Apa dia b isa ichara malayu ?Bisa , tuan .
Potong sab aya punya ramb ut, tetapi baik-baik.
Jangan potong terlalu pendekApa tuan mau chuku r juga ?Raksa
,apa di-sini ada rumah mandi
Sab aya , tuan .
Sediakan lain pakean ,nanti sab aya mau mandi dan tukar pakean .
Di-mana kamar mandi
S’teng
’hari sab aya tida makan di-rumah, sahaya pulang ini sore
sahaja . Besok sab aya mau b angun pagi-pagi kasih bangun pukulanam s
’tengah.
WITH A TAILOR
Raksa , pergi suruh sama tukang menjahit, dia misti datangdi-sini seb antar.
Tab ek,tuan apa tuan punya suka
Apa kweh b ulih bekin sa tu rokki sama sab aya
Warna apa tuan suka
Yang hitam .
Tuan,sab aya bawa chonto-chonto
,tuan bu lih pilih.
Kasih lib at sab aya sega la chon to .
I tu ada chara yang b aharu .
Lagi kweh misti b ekin ampat chelana deri kain putih.
Baik,tuan kalu tuan punya suka
,sab aya mau menghukur
sekarang.
Kanching-kan ching deri chelana misti di-jahit kwat-kwa t.Kanching a pa tuan mau suruh pakei ? 0
Kanching yang hitam .
Di-dalam a ta s-nya chelana misti kweh b ekin kandong kechil purmasukkan horlop .
Yas, yang sampir di-sana , sudah putus apa kweh b isa menjahititu b etulTantu bulih
,tuan .
PART I V
THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE
The following specimens of narrative style will illustrate thedifference b etween it and the colloquial language . The sentencesare longer, and the constru ction is not so Simple.
The notes are intended to ex lain any syntactical or otherpeculiarities that might present ifficul ties to the learner, whilethe translation of single words and phrases will b e found in
the Vocabulary.
Ada suatu hutan di - dalam - nya b anyak kera duduk di-ataschawang kayu . Maka datan
gIsa -orang u tas hendak men -ambil
kayu , hendak di-
per-buat per akas rumah. Telah b rapa anyak
di-amb il -nya tingga l sa-b atang kayu amat b esar tiada ter-bawa
u lih-nya . Maka di-b lah u lih u tas kayu itu,di-bubuh-nya baj i.
Maka hari pun sudah tengah hari, maka di-tinggal-kan -nya kayu
itu dengan b aji-nya lalu ia pu lang makan ka -rumah-nya . Apabila
di-lib at u lih sa - ekor kera orang itu pulang, maka ia pun turun deriatas pohon kayu itu , lalu naik ka -atas kayu yang di
-b lah orang itu.
Maka di-grak-
grak -kan -nya , maka b aj i itu pun ter-b antun , ekor-nyapun ter-sepit pada b lah-an kayu itu
,tiada dapat di-lepas-kan -nya ,
maka kera itu mati. Maka orang yang mem -b lah kayu itu pun
datang, di- lib at-nya sa -ekor keramati ter-sepit : lalu di-amb il -nya ,
di-b uan -kan -nya .
Ini-la pri-nya orang yang peduli akan pe-kerja -an orang b ukan
pe-kerja -an diri-nya . Maka di-
dper-u lih-nya b inasakan atas diri-nya
deripada sebab kurang b u i bichara -nya.
Di-da lam-nya , in the interior of it, in it.Maka
,of constant occurrence in and a lmost exclusively confined
to the written language in many cases simply marksthe b eginning of a sentence , and cannot’ b e translated ;
1 From Kalilah damDaminah (in F . Muller, Textesmala is, Vienna ,64
THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE 65
(2) answers to “now
”
(“now there came a workman
“then ”
(3 ) introduces the apodosis. B enda le (see Grammar)may here b e translated “ in order to ,” “ for the purpose of.”
Telah an auxiliary used to express past time telah
di-ambil-nya , “there had b een taken by him .
”Brap a ?
how mu ch ? ” is here equivalent to bebrapa ,“some .
”
Batang, a numeral coefficient (see Gramma r), used of treesand long objects generally. Tear-bawa
,a sort of passive
participle : tiada terbawa,
not to b e carried,
” “whichcould not b e carried.
”
Pun, an expletive particle , which , however, frequ ently givesforce to a phrase, even
,
” “too
,
” “also
,
” “nor
,
” “neither ”
according to one authority it is the distinctive sign of the
nominative . La lu,
“ to pass,” “
proceed,” is frequentlyused in the sense of “
and then .
” Pn lang makan ,“he
went b ack to eat”: the word “
to” is not indicated (cp .
Fr. j e vais chercher).Ekor (flour), numeral coefficient
,used of animals (see Grammar) .
Orang itu ,“ by the man
”: in the passive construction the
preposition u lih b
y”
) may b e omitted .
Di-grak-
grak-kan-nya : t e intransitive radical grak (here re
duplicated to add intensity), to move,
” b ecomes transitiveby the addition of Jea n : it was repeatedly, violentlyshaken by him .
” Blah- an the suffix -an is very common
in the formation of nouns from verbs.
Ini- lab, lah is either a mere expletive or (more commonly) anintensive pa rticle , asini- lah this is
,
”dia - lah “ he it was ”
it is frequently added to the radical to give an imperativesense
,and also in the formation of the past tense . Pri
nya nya here stands for the plural of the pronoun “this
is the way of those persons who .
”Orang : plural , “
ofother people.
”
Jnga may here b e translated “merely,” “simply.
” Deripada
sebab,lit.
,
“ from the reason ,” l e.,
on account of.”
Free Transla tion
In the interior of a certain forest a numb er of monkeys lived on
the b ranches of the trees. Now a workman came to get wood forb uilding purposes. After he had taken away a great deal thereremained one very b ig 10 which he was unab le to carry.
» So hespl it it and inserted a we ge (wedges) . Then
,when it was midday,
he left the log with the wedge in it and w ent home to dinner.When one of the monkeys saw that he had gone home he came
down from the tree and°
umped up on the split log, and keptshaking it violently till t e wedge tumb led out. His tail wascaught in the cleft, and, being unab le to extricate it
,he died. Now
E
66 MALAY‘
MANUAL
when the man who had split the log came back he saw a deadmonkey caught in the cleft, took it, and threw it away.
This is what happens to those who interfere with other people’sbusiness instead of minding their own . They bri destructionupon themselves b ecause of the lack of wisdom in
I
t
l
lgi eir counsel .
Ada sa -buah negri, maka dalam negri itu ada dua orang saud rb ersahabat, b erkasih
-kasihan kadna-nya . Maka sa -orang mem li
b esi sa -ribu piku l banyak-nya , maka di - taruhkan - nya amanatkapada sahabat-nya itu serta kata-nya : Biyar-lah tinggal b esi ini
kapada tuan hamba , karna hamb a hendak u lang ka-negri hamba,
maka apab ila datan bu lih-lah kita jual. ata maka saudagar itupun komb ali
-lab . a—telah b eb rapa lama -nya ia pulang itu , makau lih saudagar, sahab at-nya itu , di-jnalkan -lah b esi itu dengan hargayang b aik . Maka ka -dengar-an -lah khabar kapada saudagar yangul ang itu ,
meng-ata -kan b esi ada baik harga : maka segra-lah iadatang men -dapat-kan sahabat-nya serta kata -nya : Apa
-kah hal
b esi kita itu , karna sekarang ada harga b aik ? Maka sahnt sahab atnya itu Tiada -kah tuan hamb a men -engar khabar, b ahwa b esi yangtuan hamb a amanatkan kapada hamb a itu sudah hab is di-makantikus ? Maka
°
awah sahabat-nya : Jikalau sudah hab is di-makantikus, sudah-la Adapun kalakuan
-nya terleb ih pula ia b erkasihkasilmn dengan sahab at-nya itu deripada dab ulu
-nya . Hata padasuatu hari di -jamu u lih saudagar yang kiyanat itu akan sahabat-nya .
Sa -telzih sahabat-nya itu pergi ka -rumah-nya , maka u lih saudagaritu di-b rikan kapada anak-nya b edak dan langir, kata -nya : Per i
lah angkau b ersama -sama mandi dengan sahab at-ku ini. La u
b erjalan -lah kadna -nya pergimandi. Sa -telah sudah,maka kombali
lah kadna -nya : sa -telah sampei ka-tengah jalan , lalu saudagar itu
mem-anggil anak itu , di-b awa-nya kapada sa -buah kam ong, lalu
di-sembunikan-nya . Sa-telah sudah , maka komb ali-la ia ka
rumah sahabat-nya . Maka kata saudagar, yang am unya anak
itu : Dimana anak hamba tadi yang b ersama-sama engan tuan
hamb aMaka sahnt sahab at - nya : Tiada - kah tuan hamba menengar
khab ar-nya , ta tkala ia mandi b ersama -sama dengan hamba tadi,tib a - tib a datang
-lab sa-ekor helang, lalu di-samb ar-nya akan dia,
di-b awa -nya terb ang ? Maka jawab saudagar itu :‘
ajaib sakali !
ada-kah bulih helang menyamb ar kanak~ kanak sa - b esar itu ?
Maka jadi berb antah-lah kadna-nya , lalu pergi- lab kadna-nya ,
mendapatkan hakim , serta men adu -lah yang kahilangan anak itu
kapada hakim . Maka kata ha im : Dimana-kah anak-nya, yangkau -b awa serta -mu itu ? Ada-kah bulih helang menyambar kanak
kanak sab esar itu ?
68 MALAY MANUAL
Conclusion of the a bove, for Transla tion into Ma la/y
And the merchant answered : Sir,could rats eat pikn ls of
iron ? If a hawk cannot carry off a child as b ig as that,neither
can rats eat so mu ch iron .
When the judge heard what the merchant said he was greatlyastonished, and said What is the meaning of your words I don tunderstand them tel l me.
Then the merchan t,to whom the iron had b elonged, related all
that had happened to him from the b e inning. When the judgeheard the merchan t’s story, he marvelle and said to the merchantto whom the child b elonged If this b e so, give him back his iron ,and no doub t he will restore your child to you .
Then the merchant sold his house and his valuab les and paid hisb rother merchant. After that his child was restored to him .
Order of Words and Hints for Transla tion
And answered that merchant : Can it b e,my lord, (that) rats eat
1000piku ls of iron ? For if a hawk cannot carry off so b ig a child,then rats also cannot eat iron such a quantity. And when was
heard by the judge the speech of that merchant,he was astonished
,
and said : What (is) the meaning of this thy s eech ? I do not
understand it : tell me. And was related by t e merchant whoossessed that iron
,his fortune from the b eginning to its end.
YVhen was heard by the judge the narrative of this merchant,then he was astonished, and said to the merchant who possessedthat child : If (it is) so
, give b ack his iron , certainly is ivenback by him thy child. And by that merchant was sol hishouse and his valuab les, and then was paid by him to that (other)merchant. After (this) happened, then his child was also givenoack by him to him.
And, maka . Can it b e , aria -kah. Rats, tikus (there is no need
to express the plural , the reference b eing to rats generally).For if
,maka j ika lau . Cannot, tiada bu lih. Then , maka
(introducing the apodosis). Also, pun . Such a quantity,set -banyak itu .
And, maka . When,apa bila . Was heard by the judge the
Speech (perka taom) : use the constru ction with akan,of
which examples occur in the Malay extracts. He was
astonished, terchengang lah. And said, l a lu ka ta nya .
What, apa -kah. Meaning, arti.
Understand, mengarti. Tell me, cheritrakcm-lah (narrate it).
And, maka . Possess, ampunya . Fortune, ha l. From
THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE 69
to,deripada samp ai. Beginning, permn laan. End,
kasudahan .
Narrative , cheritra (construction with akan) . He was astonished,ha iran - lah
,and said, serta ka ta -nya . To, kapada . So,
demikian . Give b ack, p u langkan . Certainly, nis-chaya .
By him,-nya . Thy child, anak-ma
By, u lih. Sell,
'
na lkan . Valuab les, herta benda . And then ,
la lu . Pay, ayarka n .
After this happened, sa -telah sudah. Then, maka . Was givenb ack by him , di
-komba likan-nya-lah.
Maka kata segala oran yang b erilmu Bahwa deripada sakalian ,
yang di-jadikan Allah a
‘
ala itu tiada leb ih b esar deri kalam ,
karna sakalian‘
ilmu deripada ertama datang ka ada kasudahan ,
itu tiada dapat di-katahu -i me ainkan dengan ka am juwa .
Bahwa dunya itu seperti perhentian'
uwa pada antara jalandengan dua pintu -nya . Baran siapa , yangdatang kapada perhentianitu , maka ada hari ini masaE-lah ia deripada satu pintu -nya , dan
pada esok ari-nya kaluar-lah ia deripada pintu -nya , yang lain .
Maka kapada sa -orang hakim orang b ertanya demikian : Apa
pri pada sa -orang manusia , yang men hilangkan segala kapuj ianmanusia
,dan apa pri, yang menghi angkan segala kachela -a n
manusia ? Maka kata hakim itu : Adapun pri, yang menghilangkan se
ga la kapuj ian manusia ia -itu pri kikiran ,
karna ba rang siapayang ikir suatu kab aj ikan pun tiada pada
-nya ; dan pri yangmenghilangkan segala kachela
-an manusia ia -itu pri kamurahan,
karna b arang siapa yang dermawan segala kabaj ikan pun ada
Ada sa -orang raja pada zaman dahulukala menitahkan b erb uat
maligeiyang amat indah perb uatan -nya dan perhiasan -nya. Apab ila
sudah -lah mal i
iei itu maka raja itupun menitahkan meman gil
segala isi negri erjamu akan marika-itu . Maka sakalian marigk
itu pun datang-lab ka -maligei itu , makan dan minum b ersuka
1 This and the two following extracts are from the Malay work Ka lilahdan Daminah.
70 MALAYMANUAL
suka-an . Shahadan raja pun menitahkan orang yang menun guintu Barang siapa kaluar deripada pintu maligei ini, hendakfiahamu tanya
-i akan dia : Ada-kah'
aib -nya maligei ini atau tiadakah ? Maka saka lian marika -itu pun masing
-masing kaluar-lab ,maka orang yang menunggu pintu itupun menanya
-i tiap -tiap,
yang kaluar, sa -orang-orang deripada marika -itu . Maka sab utmarika -itu Suatu pun tiada
’
aib ada maligei ini. Maka kasudahsudab an marika -itu kaluar-lab b e rapa orang, memakei kain kasa r
,
maka di-tanya-i penunggu intu -lah akan dia : Ada -kah kamu lihat
suatu'
aib pada mal igei ini Maka sahnt ma rika-itu Behkan,ada
dua‘
aib pada maligei ini. Demi di-den ar penunggu pintu katamarika -itu demikian
,maka ia -
pun mena ani marika -itu,lalu di
persamb ahkan-nya g
kapada raja demikian samb ah-nya Ya tuan -kn
shah alam ,ada -lah di-perhamb a da at b ebrapa orang, yang menga
takan Pada maligei ini ada dua'
aib. Demi raja menen ar samb ahnya demikian , maka sabda raja : kau -
panggil akan dia ! Maka
marika -itu pun datang-lah. Maka sabda raja : Apa dua
'aib
,
ang kamu lib at pada maligei ini ? Maka sambah marika-itu
a'
tuan ku shah alam,pertama
'
aib maligei ini, akan rusakb inasa j ua ada -nya , dan kadna
,mati jua segala isi-nya . Maka
sabda raja : Ada -kah kamu katahu -i maligei, yang tiada b inasadan tiada mati isi-nya ? Maka samb ah marika -itu : Ya tuan -ku
shah alam ,ada maligei, yang tiada b inasa dan tiada mati segala
isi-nya ia - itu shirk . Maka di-persamb ahkan-nya pu la segala
anika -anika b agei-b ei na
'
amat-nya hingga di-rindukan marika -itu
akan raja itu kapa a shirk. Maka di-persambahkan-nya pula
naraka dan se ala asab -nya dan di-pertakuti-nya akan raja itu
deripada b agei-bagci siksa naraka dan di-bawa ia u lih marika -itu
akan b erbuat ib adat akan Allah Ta'ala . Demi di-dengar raja samb ahmarika -itu ,
maka masuk insaf-lah pada hati-nya serta tobat. Lalu
kaluar ia deri dalam maligei-nya serta menin galkan segala karaja
an -nya , maka b erjalan-lah ia kapada j alan Alfah Ta'ala . Rahmatu’llahi 'aleihi.
VIII 1
Deri kisahpelayaran Abdu llah lea-negriMekak
Bahwa sab aya b erlayar deri negri Singapura dalam kapal shaikhAb du
’lkarim , yang b ernama Sub la as-sa lam
,ia -itu kapada sanat
127 5 , kapada 29 hari bu lan Jumad el -awal , ia -itu kapada tarikhMasehi 18 5 4. Maka dengan tulung Al lah dua hari, katiga sampeilah ka -laut Malaka , tetapi tiada singgah, maka b erlayar- lah j uga
dengan angin utara . Maka di-bri Allah tiga . hari, kaampat-nya
sampei-lab ka -pulau Penang, itupun tiada -lab singgah , la u juga
b erlayar. Maka kapada hari Ahad, tuju hari bulan , pada malam1 The work from which this extract is taken was originally written for the
use of Englishmen learning Malay.
THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE 7 1
paku l semb il an , turun -lab angin utara kinchang terlalu ; maka
ombak dan gelomb ang terlalu b esar. Maka kapal sa -b esar itu
menjadi seperti ku lit sab u t di-tengah laut, di-hempaskan gelomb angitu timbul - tenggalam . Maka segala peti
-
peti dan b arang-b arangdi-kapal yang di-kiri datang ka -kanan
,dan yan di-kanan ka -kiri
,
sahingga sampei-lah pada pagi. Maka ada puk sa -b las
,teduh-lah
angin itu ,maka di-layarkan - lah ju sampei
-lah kira -kira pukulampat
, petang ka-
pu lau Perak . A apun pu lau itu,tiada -lah sa
halei rumput atau pohon ohon,melainkan b atu sahaja b ertambun
putih,kal ihatan deri
'
jauli rupa -nya seperti perak . Maka seb ab
itu -lah di-namakan orang pulau Perak . Maka di-situ -lah perhim
punan segala burong-b urong b erjenis-jenis tidor. Maka pada waktumaghrib datang- lab ampa t ikur b urong terb ang b erku liling-kulilingkapal itu ,
maka seb éb ia sudah kamalaman hendak ergi tidorka -pu lau itu
,la lu menghinggap
-lah di-atas andang-an ang kapal ,
lalu naik -lah khalasi perlahan -
perlahan m enangkap ; maka dapatlah. Ada un b urong yang terseb u t itu ,
bu lu -nya b iru dan paruhnya ada kuning, maka kaki - nya seperti kaki itek . Maka ada
dapat ampat iku r lalu di-semb leh,maka di-masak dan di-goring.
Maka kapada semb ilan hari b ulan kalihatan -lab jajahan tanahAcheh , ada kira - kira dua hari b erlayar panjang - nya tiada -lah
b erputusan . Maka kemdian deripada itu b erlayar
- lah dalam lantan
b esa r dengan tiada melihat b arang sa -suatu , melainkan ayer danlangit, menyabrang lantan b esar semb ilan hari semb ilan malam
,
maka b aharu -lah kalihatan pulau Seilan . Kapada sa -b las haribaharu -lah sampei ka
-Gali ; maka datang-lah b eb rapa prahu pengail
ikan memb awa b eb rapa jenis ikan ,rupa -nya hampir -hampir seperti
bamb angan dan di-b awa -nya ikan sotong, ada kira -kira sa -
gantangmaka dI -b li dua blas sen . Sa -telah petang hari, maka datang
-lah
pu la dua tiga buah prahu memb awa sadikit limau manis dan limau
ambua dan nanas,serta di-b awa u lih marika -itu suatu sumpit yang
erikat ia -itu pen I'
Ih-lah dalam -nya dengan b erjenis b atu -b atu dan
chinchin -chinchin dan intan Seilan,dengan tiada dapat ku
-tuliskan
j enis-nya dan macham -nya , sakalian itu jualan b elaka . Hata sa
telah itu,maka sampei
-lah kapal itu b ertentangan dengan gunungSeilan maka dengan sab entar itu b ersurak -lah segala khalasi sertamemukul talam dan gendang, maka sab entar itu juga di-pakeikanlah ul ih marika -itu sa -orang Hab shi seperti orang tuah , dengantongkat di
-tangan serta b erjanggut panjang ; maka di-iku t u lih
kab anyakan orang lain dengan menarinari, datan ka -hadapannakhoda -nya serta aku ada duduk
,di-samb ah -nya . aka masing
masing pun memb ri-lah duit b ebrapa kadar -nya maka pada masa
itu b ertanya-lah sahaya kapada kapala khalasi itu ,
ia -itu serangMuhammad nama-nya , maka kata -nya Bagini
-lah adat-nya , b arangb arang ka al
, j ikalau sampei kamari,b ersuka -suka meminta du it,
sebab hen ak memb li barang-b arang makanan , hendak memb acha
fatihah nama bapa kita Adam,aleihi as-salam .
MALAY-ENGLISH VOCABULARY TO THE E! ERCISES
Active verbs with the prefix me and its modifications and
derivative nouns must b e looked for,as a ru le
,under the
radical (for the euphonic changes see Part I, page The
other particles used in the formation of derivatives shou ld also
b e b orne in mind.
I t is a lso important, when consu lting other vocabularies, torememb er that a and e, O and ii are frequently interchanged thus
,
suruhmay b e found elsewhere as suroh. Again ,the indeterminate
vowel sound (see Vowels in Grammar) , when preceding an a ccentedsyllab le , is often omitted, b oth in spellin and pronunciation :
thustbesar 1 is written bsar. Shellab ear in is romanized Ma lay
Eng lish Voca bu lary invariab ly omits this vowel .
pl .=plura1 trans.=transitive ; intrans.=intransitive ;vulg .=vu lgar dia lect.
Jav. Javanese Ar. Arab ic Pers. Persian Sk . Sanskrit ; EngEnglish D .
=Dutch Hind .=Hindustani Port .=Portugu ese Chin
Chinese ; Tam .=Tamil .
A eheh, Acheen
Ada , there is, are , wa s, were ; to b e ;
A llah God (Mohammedan)Ama na t tru stworthy trust,
an auxiliary u sed in the formation
of tenses a lso expresses to have ,”
possess”
Adap un ,now (introducing a sen
tence ), seeing that, a s forAda t custom ,
hab it
Adu , to lodge a complaint
Agas, a nat
Ahwa l (in ), pl . of ha l‘A ib sin , shame
, fault‘Aj aib wonderfu lAkan
,to
,for (da tive ) a s for auxili
ary used in expressing the futureAkhira t future life , the other
world
Aku,I
Aka , to confess, acknowledge , claimAtakhan ,
to defeat , conqu er‘A leihi as-salam I on him b e peace
trustee amana tka n ,to entrust
Amas, mas, gold
Amat, veryAmbil , to take
,take away, fetch,
procu re ; p ergi ambil,to fetch ;
suruh ambil, to send for
Amp un , pardon ; ampunkan, to
pardon , forgiveAmpunya , to own
A nak,child ; anak laki - laki, son ;
anak p eramp uan ,daughter ; a lso
u sed in the formation of manyidiomatic compounds
Andang , sail-
yard
A nggor wine
Angin ,wind
Angka t, to take away, lift up ;a ngka t mahanan , to clear the
tab le
1 Particular a ttention shou ld b e paid to these a ccented syllab les as an aid
to pronunciation . Except where marked ,the accent is as a rule on the last
syllab le but one .
MALAY-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
Angkau , you , genera lly used whenaddressing inferiors, but to b e
avoided where possib leAr
gi
ir
ét-a niba of a ll sorts
,mani
o
Antah, an expression of doub t ; I
don’
t know,I am not sure
Anta ra (Sk . space b etween , interval ;(ti-da lam antara itu
,meanwhile
Anu. a certa in (person or place )
Anugrah present , gift ; anu
grah/can , to make a present, b estow
a favourAnyaya Oppression ,
injusticeAp a ? what ? a lso an expletive introducing an interrogative sentence
Ap abila ,when
A i,fire
rak spirituous liquorArang , charcoa l ara ng ba tu , coa l
Arti sense,meaning ; meng
arti, to understand
Asa b,see
‘
A zab
A sa l origin
A sing, foreign ,stranger
Atas, top , upper part ; on, ab ove ,over ; dia ta s, on the top of
,up
sta irs ; deri a tas, from the top of,
from ab ove ; ta -a ta s,on to the top
of a tas hamba,it is my du ty
A tau,or
Ayer, water, juice ; ayer anggor,
wine ayer minum,drinking water
‘Azab torture
Bacha , to read
Bagci, manner, class
,sort ; bagci
bagci, of various kindsBagimana it? how ?
Baginda , prince , king ; orang yangdibawah baginda ,
the court
Bagini, thus, so ; bagini banyak, so
much
Bagitu , thus, so
B ahagiya good fortuneBaha ru , new ,
fresh ; just nowBaha sa language , goodmanners
Bahwa ,u sually an expletive , intro
ducing a speech or letter, some
thing like “now
, look you”
; it
may b e rendered by“tha t
!
a ftera verb like “
'
know,
“ learn,
”
“ hear,
” “say
Ba ilc, good ba ik-ba ik, take care
Baj i, wedge
7 3
Baj u , coatBa lms
,bekas, mark
,impression,
tra ck consequ enceBa las
,reply reta lia tion , requita l ,
revenge ; a la skan , to reply, re
ta lia te , requ iteBa lei
,ha ll , pub lic b uilding
B atik,to return , com e b ack
,turn
Bambangan , a kind of fish (unidentified )
Bangsa caste,family, origin
Bangun , to awake, get up ; ban
gunka n ,to wake (trans. )
Ba ntah,berbantah, to dispute , quarre l
Bantun,to pu ll out
Banyak, much,many, very ; quan
tity, amount
Bap a , fa therBa ra ng , some
,any ; ba ra ng orang ,
any one,whoever ; barang ap a ,
anything , whatever ; barangka li,
perhaps ; bara ng siapa , any one,
whoever ; barang sa -sua tu,
anything
Bara ng , thing , property ; barangbarang , luggag e , b aggage
Barang I wou ld thatBaring, to lie downB asoh,
to wash
Ba tang , stem ; num era l co -efiicient
(see Grammar), used of trees and
long ob jects genera llyBa tangan ,
toll-b ar
Ba tu,stone
Bawa,to b ring , take , drive ; bawa
p ergi, take away bawa ma suk,b ring in
Bawah, b elow ,
under di - bawah,b e low
,downsta irs ka bawah
,
b elow (of direction )Bayar, to pay ; baya ran , payment
Bebal , ignorant, foolishB ebrap a ,
some ; bebrap a lama -nya ,a fter some time
Bedak, cosmetic,toilet powder
Bedidi, see B erdidi
B ehka n, yes, certainly, moreover
Beit cl -ma l trea suryB ekerj a , to workBehin
, bikin ,to mak e , do
Bela misfortuneBelaka , a l l together, in one lot
Belo’ n,see Belum
Belum, not yet ; sometimes a simple
negative ; belum lagi, not up till
now
74 MALAY MANUAL
B end/r, just, tru e , correctB eranglea t,
1 to set out,start
B erbua t, to do , carry ou t ; di-p erbua t
(passive )Berba ra
,hunting (participle ) ; orang
berba ra ,huntsman to hunt
Bercherei,to separate , part (from ,
Berdusta , liar
Eerguna , use ful to b e of use
B erhenti (genera lly pronouncedbrenti), to stop
Berilea t, tied upBerilmu ,
learned
Berisi, loaded (of a gun)B eristri, to have a wife married
Bery'
alan,to wa lk
,set ou t ; berj a la n
j a lan ,to go for a wa lk
Berg’
ama,to enterta in (as a host ,
with akan), to b e a guest
Bery'
anggut, b earded , with a b eard
B ery’
enis-j enis, of a ll sortsBery
'
ua l, one who se lls,sa lesman
Berleasih-ka siha n , to love one anotherB ar/cam, to speak
Berkuliling-ka l il ing, round ab out
Berlabuh,to ca st anchor
Berla lci , having a husband to b e
married (to , akan)Berla lcu , to pa ss current
B erlayer, to sail,set sail
Ba r
ga in -ma in
,to play, amuse one
se fBernama , named
B ernya la ,b urning ; to burn
Berp a u t, to hold fastB erp indah, to change one
’
s ab ode
B ersa laha n , mistaken, to make a
mistakeBersama -sama , together withBersih, see Bresih
Bersuami , to have a husband , married(to , a kan ) bersuamikan , to take a
man as a husb and
Bersulcasuka -an,to enjoy oneself
B ersura lc, to shout for joyB ertambun , heaped up , in heap
s
Bertanya , to ask , enquire er
yakan , to a sk ab out
Berteguh, to b e firm ,secure
Bertemu, to come together, to meet
(with, dengan )Bertentangan (dengan), opposite (to)
1 For the nature of compounds with prefix ber see Grammar.
Berulih, to get possession of,acquire
Berutang , berhu tang , indeb ted , owe
Besar, largeB est (vu lg .
,be
’
ssi) , ironB esok , see Esolc
B etap a how ?Beta?
,true , correct , right (of a watch)
Bia sa accustomed to a ccustomoneself
Bicha ra (Sk . delib era tion , counse l ,advice
,opinion ; (vu lg . ) to speak
Bij i, numera l co e fficient of smallob jects (see Grammar)
Bila,when ,
when ?
Bilang , to count , reckon , tell
Bilile,room ; bilik tidor, b edroom
Binasa (Sk . ruin , destruction ; to
go to ruin , b e destroyed ; binasa
kan , to destroyBina tang , anima lB ir b eer
Biri biri,sheep
Biru,b lu e
Bisa , poison . poisonous (vu lg .
to b e ab le , to understand , know
how to
Biyar, to a llow,let
Blah, to split ; blahan , the part split,cleft
Blaj ar, to learnB li, to b uyBom (Eng ,
the pole or sha fts ofa carriage
Boomwaohter (D. )=j uru ba tangan
(see Juru )Boot (En b oot
Botol (Eng . b ottle
Bra ni,bra ve b ravery to b e b rave
kabranian ,b oldness, courage
Brap a 1’ howmuch how many ? brap a
ka li ? how often ? puku l brap a ?
what time is it ? bra a lama nya ?
how long ? Also use
a
d9
for bebrap a ,as brap a banyak , a considerab le
amount
Bra t , heavy , difficultBresih (bersih) , cleanBri
, to give , a llow ; bri amp un , to
forgive ; bri horma t , to honour ;bri mohon (pohon ) , to give lea ve ;bri tahu , to let know ,
inform ; bri
tu lung , to help bri huta ng . , to
lend brikan ,to give , present
Brus (Eng . b rush bruskan , to brush
MALAY MANUAL
D i-bawah, be low, downstairs
Di-luar,without , outside
D i-mana ? where ?D i-p erhamba (the slave) , IDiri , self ; diri-ku ,
I myse lf ; dirimu , you yourse lf diri-nya , he
himself ; sat-orang diri , a lone , b yonese lf p ekery
’
a -an diri-nya , their,one
’
s own a ffairsDi-sana , there
Di-sini,here
D i-sisi , close by , a t the side ofDi-situ ,
there
D laif weak
D o‘a prayer
Dobi (Hind ) , washermanDoktor doctor ; doktor kuda ,vete rinary su rgeon
Dras, quick , fastDuduk
, to sit down , dwell ; duduk
bareta , to go for a driveDuit, money (a sma ll copper coin)Du lu , see Dahu lu
Dunya the world
Durha lca , traitor
Dusta fa lse ,lying
Dusun , village ; country, as opposed
to town
Ej a ,’
tj a , to spell
E lcor,see I leur
‘E lma (Ar. knowledge , learning ,
science
Entah,see Antah
Esok,esok ha ri
,to -morrow
Faham l understandingFa tihah
,the first sura (chapter) of
the KoranFedluli to troub le oneself ab outPikir (Ar. to think
,reflect fikiran ,
thought, idea , Opinion
Gan,wages ; orang gayi , servant
Gamp ang (J ea syGantang , a measure of capacity ,
ab ou t a gallon and a quarterGaram ,
sa lt
Gedéng , storehouse
Gelombang , large wave , b reakerGendang , a kind of drumGendi, jug , water gla ss
1 In words from the Arab ic f is frequently pronounced p (j ikir as pikir,faham asp aham).
237i, tooth
a , mad
Glap , dark
Glas, drinking-
glassGoring , to fry, roastGosok , to rub gosokgigi, tooth-b rushGoyang , to ring (a b ell)Grak
,to move grak
-kan ,
to move (trans. )Ga la
,sugar
use
Gunap a ? why ?Gunong , mountain
Gunting , scissors guntingkan , to cutwith scissors
Guruh,thunder
G’usung , reef
Habis , finished , to b e a t an end likesudah (with which it is often comb ined), it is used in expressing pasttime ha biskan , to finish
Ha bshi , an Ab yssinian
Hadap , to present onese lf to some
one , to visit or interview some
one hadapkan , to introduce hada
pan , presence ; di-hadapan , in the
presence of
Hadlir hadir, present
Hak right, justiceHakim judgeHakim ,
wise man , philosopher
Ha l state , circumstance ; ha lahwal , circumstances, everythingconnected with the sub ject
Hamba , slave ; used for “ 1”when
speaking to superiors
Hamp ir-hampir, a lmost
Handuk towe l
Hanga t, hot (of a rtificial heat)Hangus, b urnt , consumed
Hanya , only, except, b utHanyu t,
'
to drift ; hanyutkan ,to se t
adriftHa rga priceHa ri, day ; ini ha ri, to-day ; esok
ha ri, to -morrow ; ha ri Aha tl , Sun
da
Harib’
na u (vu lg . , a riman ), tigerHarip ,
sle epy, tired
Ha rta herta , property , goods ;harta benda
, goods and cha ttels
Harus,necessary ; it is necessa ry
MALAY-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
Hata an expletive ; may b e
rendered “now
,
”and so
”
Ha ti, the liver, heart (as seat of the
feelings)Hans, thirstyHei , used in calling some one
,as
English hi i”
Heiran to wonder
Helan generic name for b irds of the
haw trib e
Hemp askan , to throw , hurl
Hendak , wish, intention ; to wish,
intend ; auxiliary u sed in express
ing the future ; hendak/ca n ,to desire
kahendak,wish
,will ,
intention
Hidup , life ; livi to live ; hidup i ,to sa ve a person 8 life
Hilang , lost , to b e lost , to lose ;hila ngka n , to cause to b e lost ;
{cahilangara deprived of
, ha vingost
Hingga , until , a s far as
Hinggap , to perch upon
Hin lei, to watch for, spy, lie inambush
Hitam, b lack , dark (of colour)Hitung , to reckon , count, ca lculateHorloj i watchHotel
,hote l
Hukum judgment , sentenceHukur
,menghukur, to measure
B a lurkan , to lower (a rope )Huruf letters of the a lphab etHutan , forest , jung leHutang , deb t, loan ; jua l bri brihutang . to se ll on credit
I a , commonly used in the writtenlanguage for dia
I a -itu , tha t is to say , namely ; thatone
‘I bada t (Ar. worship berbua t ‘ibada takan A l lah, to worship God
I bu , mother
I ka t, to b indI kur
,ekor
,ta il : numera l cc - efficient
of anima ls ; sa -ikur ha rima u , a
tiger
Ikut, to follow,overtake ; terikai ,
overtaken‘I lmu see
‘E lmaI n if ; in sha A llah (inshallah),God willing
7 7
I ndah,magnificent, va luab le
I nga t, a ttention, to tak e care
, paya ttention to (aka n ), to rememb er ;ingaia h ,
thoughts, a ttentionI nggris, EnglishI ni
,this
,these
I nsaf justiceI ntan
,diamond
I si, filled ; the contents of a thing ;isi negri, the inhab itants of a
city ; isi sura t,the contents of a
letter
I stimewa, especia lly, a ll the more
I stri wifeI tek
,duck
I tu,tha t
,these
I tupun , thereupon , then, therefore
Jadi,to b ecome
,come into b eing ,
happe n, suffice ; itu j adi-Za k, thatwill do ; j ad ika n , to create
Jaga , to b e awake , wa tch, wait uponJ aha t
, ba d ; kaj aha ta n , b adnessJahit
,to sew
Jaj aka n,district
Ja lan,way, road
,street ; to walk
,
go on, go (of a watch) ; j a la ni, to
journey, visit (places) slama tj alan !
good-bye ! (to a person going ) ;
ja lan besi, railway (iron road )Jam clock
,watch
,hour
Jamu, to enterta in (a gu est)
Ja nde la, j indela window
Jangan , the ne a tive of the imperative , do not also u sed in indirectnegative sentences j anganka n ,
farfrom , not onl y
Janj i, agreement,contract, promise
to agree , stipu lateJanta n
,ma le (of anima ls)
Jatuh, to fall ; j a tuhkan , to let fa ll ,
dropJauh
,far
, distantJawab answer
Janis kind,sort
J ika, j ikal au ,
ifJinalela
,see Jandela
Jua , see Juga
Jua l,to sell ; ju a lan , for sa le
Juga , a lso,likewise , just ; with an
adjective intensifies the meaningJamad cl -awa l
,the fifthmonth of the
Mohammedan year
Juru, a skill ed workman, like
tuka ng jwru ba ta ngan, customhouse official
7 8 MALAY MANUAL
Ka to (usually of places, answeringthe question a lso a
derivative prefixKa ampa t, fourthKa -atas, on to , ab ove, upwardsKaba ikan, goodness
Kabaj ika n , virtue , good deedsKa banyakan , numb er
Kaba r l (Ar.,kha bar), news, informa
tion ; ka barka n , to relate , informap a kabar f
’ what is the news ? how
goes it ? the usua l greeting amongMa lays, answered by kabar baik ,
the news is good, very wellKa chela -an , b lameworthy ; fau ltKadar-nya , in proportion to (theirmeans)
Kaolli, Ka oli,(judge , cadi
Kadua,secon b oth
-kah,an interroga tive suffix , which
may b e added to any word in the
sentence
Kahada n,to the presence of, b efore
Kain , 0 oth,clothes
Kaki,foot; leg
Kakurangan ,want
Ka la ik created b eings, nature ;ka lik, the creator
Ka lakua n ,b ehaviour
Ka lam penKa lau (vul ka lu ), if , in case that ;ka lau -ka au , perhaps
Ka li, time
(FL , f ois) ; brap a ka li ?
how oftenKa lu , see Ka la u
Ka lua r, out (motion to outside ) ; togo ou t
, get out ; pergi ka lua r, to
travelKamana ? where whither? (ofmotionto a place )
Kamar room ; kamar tidor,b edroom kamar mandi, b athroom
Kamaran , fine , dry weather
Kama ri, here
Kamey’
a shirt
Kami, we
Kamp ong , to a ssemb le ; quarter of
the town , villageKamu , you
K amuraha n , generosity , b eneficence
Kanak-kana k, infant, sma ll childKanan ,
right (opposed to “ leftka-kanan , to the right
H
1 In Arab ic kh is a strong guttura l, like ch in loch ; in Ma lay genera llypronounced as k.
Kantor,
Ka aola,to (used to indicate the
ative ), in , on (of time )Ka
pal .
)ship ; kap a l ap i, steamer (fire
8 1pK ap al a , head, chief
Kap an ,if,when
,when ?
Kap uj ia n that which is praiseworthy, virtue
Kara ta n , rust
Ka rela,kreta (Port. carriage ka rela
sewa , hired carriage , hackneycoach
,cab
Ka rna b ecausesee K ertas
Kasar,coarse
, rude
Kasih, favour, gift, love ; to give ,love ; a lso used in the sense of“ let , make kasih bangun ,wake (trans. ) kasih kluarut out ; ka sih liha t
,show me ;
sih tahu ,let me know
,inform me
Kasuolaha n , the end ; ka sudah-suclahan , fina lly
Kasut , shoes ; tukang ka sut,shoe
maker
Ka ta , a word ; to sa speak ; ka tanya , he sa id ; ka ta n
, to say, tell
(something )Ka tiga , third , the three
K an ,short for angkau
K awn pe ople , nation
Kaya , wea lth , rich
Kayu , wood
K echil , sma ll ; wang kechil , change
(sma ll money)Keii
’
tt, startled , frightenedKelamarin
,kelma rin , yesterday
K amarin , see Kelamarin
Kembang , to expand (as liquids inab sorb ent materia l) ; kertas kembang , b lotting-
paper
Kemdia n, a fter ; kemclian deripada
itu,a fter that
Kenal , to know (b e acquainted witha pe rson)
Kenap a ? why ?
K en ta ng , po ta to
Kera , monkeyK ery
'
a work, b usiness, callingkerj akan , to carry out
MALAY-ENGLI SH
Kertas, kartas (Ar ), paper ; kertassalei, sheet of paper ; wang kerta s,b ank note (paper money)Ketok, to knock
Khabar, see Ka bar
Kha la ik, see Ka la ik
Kha lasi (Pers. sa ilor
Khidma t, kidma t (Ar. service , office ,to b ow to
Khiyanat, see Kiyana tKikir, stingy, avaricious ; kikiran ,
avariceKila t, lightningKincha ng , strong (of windKira ,
to ca lcula te , think , suppose
kira -kira (1 ) a ccounts , (2) nearly ,
about ,kira -nya , b e kind enough to
Kiri, left , ka kiri, to the leftKirim , to send
Kisah story, narra tiveK ita , we , us
Kitab (Ar. book
K iyanat (Ar ) deceit, treacheryK lambu , mosquito net
K la ss , class
Kombali, to return,
come b ack ,
again ; komba lika n , to give backKop i, coffeeKapper b ox
Kotika , time ,moment
Kras,
)hard , ob stinate , strong (of tea ,
etc .
Krej a , vu lg . for kerj a.Kring , dryKrusi (Ar. kursi), chair-ku possessive su ffix o f the l st personKu , short for aku
Kaasa (Sk . power,°
might
Kuda,horse
Kulawarga (ka lurga ), family, relativesKu li
, porter, coolie
Ka lil , skin ,b ark
,shell ; kulit sabut ,
coco -nut shell
Kunchi , to lock
Kuning , ye llow
Kunun,certainly, surely
Kurang , less, insufficient ; often ex
presses the opposite of the a djectiveit precedes, a s kurang ba ik ,
b ad ;kur angka n ,
to diminish (trans.
Kusir coa chman
Kwa t Ar. kuwa t), strength, strongkwa t-kioa t
,loudly
Kwe,kweh you
Lagi, more , yet, still
VOCABULARY 7 9
-lah, an expletive joined to any wordto emphasize it : itu -lahhamba , tha t is my husb and ; it isespecially common with the im
perative and past tenses
La in ,other
Laki,husb and
La ki-la ki , man (as opposed to woman)Laku , to sell well
,be in demand
,b e
current (of coins)Da ta ,
to pass, past ; then , thereuponLama
,long ; length (of time ) ; sa bu lan
lama -nya , a month’
s time ; brap alama -nya ? how long ? bebrap a lamanya , som e time
Lamba t, slow , late
Lanchong , b ad (of money)Langir , cosmetics (used in the ba th)Langit, skyLa ntera lantern
Lap a r, hungry, hunger, to b e hungryLarang , to forb id, Oppose larangan ,prohib ited
Lari, to run ; larikan , to cause torun
, run away with
La ut, sea ; la nta n , ocean
Layer, sail ; belayer, to set sa il ;p elayeran ,
voyageLebih , more ; b efore an adjectivegive s it a comparative meaning ;lebih suka , to prefer
Lei,
numera l co -efficient used ofleaves ,
hair, sheets of paper, thin orfla t ob jects
Lekas, quick,fast (of a watch) ;
quickly, a t once ; sa -lkas-lkas, as
soon as possib le
Lembu , ox
Lep as, loose , free ; lep as-ka n , to setfree
Leskar army , soldier, sa ilorLetak, letakkan ,
to place , pu t down ,lay down
Diha t, to see ; ka liha ta n , there was
seen (impersona l ), visib le , as seen ;ka liha ta n bulan , phase of the moon
Inilin , wa x , candle
Lima u mania,orange ; lima u j ambu ,
j ambua , guavaLittena n lieutenantLiza i pleasure , enjoyment ,agreeab le taste , agreeab le to thetaste
Lobang , hole
Locheng be ll
Losen (Eng . a dozen
0 MALAY MANUAL
Lap a , to forgetI /wruh, to fa ll off (as leaves)I / ara ng , lorong ,
street
La sa,day a fter to-morrow
M a‘af pardon ; ma
‘afkan, to
Jardon
aba k,intoxicated ; maba k la a t, sea
sick
M a cham, kind , sort
M a chis matches
M ada t, opiumM aghrib the west
,sunset
M ahal,dear
Al aka,an expletive , which may b e
transla ted “and
,
” “ then,
” “so
it is rarely used except in the
written language , and then chieflyat the b eginning of a sentence , or
to mark the apodosis
M akan,to eat
,out (of a knife )
makan angin ,to go for an airing
(eat the wind) ; makan p agi,to break fast ; maka nan ,
food (agenera l term for any mea l)
M aksud intention , wish
M a lam,night
M alaya ,a Ma lay, Ma layan
M a ligei pa lace
M ana ? where ? which ? how ? (shortened form of ba imana )
M andi,to take a ath
M anda r landlord
M a ngkok, cupM ania
,sweet
M anasia mankind
M arah, angry, to b e angry (with,sama )
Mari I come hereM arika -itu , they, them
M a s,see Amas
M a sa,time
M asak, ripe , cooked , well done
Masehi, Christian ; tarikh M asehi,the Christian era
M asing-masing , each,
one b y one
M asak, to enter, set (of the sun) ;ma sukka n
,to cause to enter, in
corporate
Ma ta ,eye , b lade (of a sword or
knife )M a tahari, sun (eye of day)M a tang , well done (of food)M a ti
,dead , to die
Mau,to wish, want ; an auxiliary
used in expressing the future maa
Na‘ama t pleasure , favour
Na ik,to go up , get up ; na ik dara t,
to go ashore ; na ik ka rela,to go
for a driveNakhoda (Pers. captain of a shipN ama name
N anas, pineapple
Nanti,to wait aux iliary used in ex
pressing the future ; nantikan, towait for
ma a,either or ; ma a ta
man ,whether you like it or not
M ayit, corpse
M eka k, Mecca
M ej a tab leM ela inka n
,on the contrary, b ut,
except (after a nega tive )M elanchong to go for a wa lkM endideh, to b oilM e n e n g a r (for mendengar), see
D engar
Mengan tok, slee y7 why .
to understandto sew ; tuka ng mania /hit,
M entak, raw, uncooked mentah
sedikit,underdone
M eniega mantega , butterAl erah
,red
M eskin poor, wretchedM ina ta , see TukangM inggo (Port. domingo), a week ;hari minggo , Sunday
M inta , to ask for ; used like our“plea se minta do‘a to
prayM inam
,to drink to smoke (tob acco )
M isti ma sti,must
M a z kama,the 2ud personal pro
noun , usua lly plura l ; as a suffixit has the meaning of the possessivepronoun
M a a tkan , to load a shipM ada , youngM a dah, ea sy mudah madahan ,
perhaps, if possib le
M aka,face
,front (of a house ) ; di
ma ka , in front of, a tM a la , b eginning ; mu lai, to begin,b eginning
M a la t, mouthM a rah, cheap, generous
Ma rka angry, anger
M a sim (Ar. season , wea ther
MALAY—ENGLISH
Naraka hell
N egri, town , city, countryNenek moyang , ancestors
Nis-chaya certa inlyNombor nommor,
numb er
nya , pronomina l suffix of the 3rd
person singu lar, his,her ; a fter
prepositions it represents the a o
cusa tive of the persona l pronoun
of the 3rd person a dded to
verb s, it is usua lly found in the
passive construction , and is eq uiva
lent to “ by him,
” “ b y her,” “ by
themNyadar, deep (of sleepNyamok, mosquitoNya ta , plain, ob vious
Obat, medicine ; oba ti, to cure
Ombak, waveOrang , person ,
man orang kaya ,rich man (title of Malay chiefs)
P ada , at, on , to
P agi, morning ; pagi-
p agi, early in
the morning Slamat pagi I good
morning !
Pahala reward
P ahit, b itter
P akei pake, to put on, wear, use ;
p akei -d a ,kean
,clothes
P ana s, hot, ea t
P anda ng , to look , look at
P anggang, to roast , roasted
Panggil, to ca ll
Panj ang , long , lengthP anj ara , prisonP apa poor, wretched
P ap an , plank , b oard p ap anj andela .
shutter
Paras,face
,features
Para h, b eak (of b ird)P asa/ng , to put together, put to
(horses) a pa ir
Pasar marketP ass
,sura tp ass, passport
P a tah, to b reak (trans. and intrans.)
da a p a tah ka ta , two words
Pata t, right, proper ; used to expressought
”
P ayong , umb rellaP echah
,to b reak (trans. and intrans.)
P edali,see Fedla li
P ekerj'
a -an,work
,b usiness
,affairs
P elayaran ,voya e
Pelap a , forgetf
VOCABULARY 81
Pen , pen
P endek,short
P enga il , fishermanPariah, fu llP ena ngga , watchman ,
doorkeeperP enyamba t, cork (of a b ottle )P erak
,silver
P eramp ua n , fema le,woman
P erba a t,see Berba a t p erba a tan , act ,
work , construction ; p erba a tkan , to
cause to make
P ercha ya to trust,have con
fidence (in , akan )P ergi (vulg '
) i l l/9 7“: to go: goaway
P erhamba -an,slavery
P erhentian ,resting
-
place , stationP erhia san
,ornament
,decoration
P erhimp a nan , assemb ly , crowd
P erkakas,tools
, materia ls ; perkakasrumah
,furniture
P erka ra , circumstance,a ffa ir
,man
ner ; kad a a p erkara , in the second
place
P erka ta -an,word
,speech
P erlahan -laha n,slowly, gradua lly
P ermissi leave, permission ;
minta p ermissi , to a sk permissionP erma la -d a , b eginnin
P ersambah , p ersamba n , a resent
(to a superior) ; p ersambah n,to
make a present, to inform (asuperior)
P erta ka ti, to instil fear of (derip ada )P ertama , the first firstlyP era lih, se e Bera lihP etang , a fternoon ; ma ka n p eta ng or
ma lam, dinner
P eti , b ox
P ichah, see P echahP igi, se e Fergi
P ikir, p ikiran , see
P iku l , to carry (a load on the b ackor shou lder) measure of weight133 lb .
P ilih, to choose
F inj am,to b orrow
P inta,see M inta
Pinta , door, ga te
Pipa , pip e (for smoking)P isa u , knifeP lahan -
p lahan , p larap lan , slowlyP ohon
,tree
P 03, post (for letters)
P otong , to cut,cut off piece
Praha, p u la ng, b oa t
82 MALAY MANUAL
P ri,manner
,way
P riksa , to examine , enquireP af , anggorp ay?
!
champagneP uku l, to strike ; used in reckoningtime (see Numera ls In Grammar)
P a la , aga in, anew ,still
P a la ng , to get b ack (to the startingpoint), to go home
P a la a , island
P a n , an expletive particle ,“now
,“so
,
” “a lso
P a nya , to possess ; used in expressing the genitive (see Grammar)
P a r in order to
P a sing , to turn round
revolveP utih
,white
P a ta s,torn , b roken ; tiada
-lah ber
p a ta san, uninterruptedly
Ra bbi (Ar. my Lord.(God)
Rahim (Ar. compassionate
Rahma t (Ar. mercy rahma ta’
llahi‘a leihi / the mercy of God b e upon
him !Raga king , prince
R ambu t, hair (of the head)Reba s
,b oiled ,
(to boil
Rendahka n ,to ab ase
ReSi t (Eng . receipt
R iba , lap meriba,to take on the lap
Riba t, storm
Rinda kan , to long for, cause to longfor
Ringgit, dollar
Rokki (vulg coat
Rokok, roko, (native) tob acco , cigar
ette ; minam roko,to smoke
Roskom (vu lg. ,to groom (a horse)
R oti (Hind . read
Ramah, house ; di-ramah, at home
rumah chukei,
custom house
rumahmakan ,hotel rumahmandi,
b a ths ; rumah sakit, hospita l
Ramp u t, gra ss ; ramp a t kring , hayRap a (Sk . form, appearance rap a
nya , it se ems, apparentlyR ap iah, Dutch guilder, Indian rupee
Ra sak, to b e destroyed , fa ll to theground ; rasakkan , to destroy
Sa,see Sa ta
S a-bagimana : bagimanaS a barang , any , anythingSa bda , speak , command (of kings)Sa -belam
,b efore (conjunction)
S a -bentar, sebantar, a moment, at onceSa -bermula
,further
,now ; genera lly
(in writing) indicate s the transitionfrom one sub ject to another, or theresumption of a previous sub ject
Sa -besar,more emphatic than besar
Sa -blah,side (of anything divided)
Sabran to cross
Saba n Port ), soapS aba t, fib re , husk of the coconut
Saha ba t friend ; bersahabat, tob e friends
Sahafa , said , onlySa -ha lei, numera l co efficient (seeGrammar) of thin , flat ob jects sa
hal ei rumpu t, a b lade of grass
Sa -hari-hari,daily ; sa -harian , the
whole da
Sakaya , 3 ya , saya , slave the word
most commonly used b yEuropeans
for the pronoun of the l st person ,
I
Sahingga , untilSaha t, answer to answer
Saka li,once
,very a fter an adjective
gives it a superla tive meaningtiada sa -kali
,not at all
Saka lian,a ll
Sa -kamp ong , of the same village ,neighbour
Sa -kira -kira,ab out, nearly
Sakit, ill, illness, to b e ill kasakitan ,atta cked by illness
Sa -ka rang-ka rang , at least
Sa lah,wrong, gu ilty fault
, error ;to b e in error
Sa -la la , throughout , always
Sa lam, peace ;‘a leihi as-sa
him b e peaceSa -lama -lama -nya , a lways
Sa lasa (Ar. three ha/ri sal asa ,Tuesday
Sa lin ,to copy, transla te
,change
(clothes), pour in (vu lg . )Sama , the same , like ; with, for ; oftenu sed colloqu ia lly with the direct
ob ject ; sama dengan , the same
as sama -sama , together with
Sambah,
’
to do homage , greet respect
ful ly, answer (a su erior)Sambar
,to seize an carry off (as a
b ird of prey)Sampani, champagneSamp ei, sampe, to arrive , reach
sufficient until up to (conjunctionand preposition)
84 MALAY MANUAL
Sasah, troub lesome
, annoying ;troub le
,annoyance
Sa sa,milk
Ta’
, short form of tidak ta’
bu lih
tidak, withou t fa ilTa ‘
ala (Ar. ) A llah Ta ‘ala
,God
,the
Most HighTabek (lit.
,saluta tion), the ordinary
greeting b etween Malays and
Europeans when meeting or takingleave
Tada,see Tiada
Tadi, just now
-tah, interrogative suffix ; ap a-tah?
what ? how ?
Tahan,to endure , restrain ; taha ni,
to detain
Taha, to know ; ka tahu i, to know a
thing , b e aware of bri tahu ,to
informTaha n , year
Takdir will or decree of God
Ta lam,a large meta l tray, cymb a l
Ta l i, string , cord , ropeTamp a t, pla ce ; tamp at yang la in ,
another pla ce ; tamp a t orang , anyone
’
s ab ode tamp a t dawa t (tinta).inksta nd ; tamp a t tidor, b ed , b estea d
Tanah,land, country
Tangan , hand
Tanggalkan ,to remove
,take off (as
clothes)Tangga k, to adjourn, wait forTangkap ,
to seize,catch
Tania, c erta inly
Tanya , tanya i, to ask (a qu estion)Tapak, palm of the handr sole of the
footTa
’
p ernah, neverTap i, se e Tetap i
Twrek, to draw , pu ll ; ta rek layer, to
hoist sail ; tarek ap i, lucifer ma tchTari
,to dance
Tarikh date , era
Tarima (trima ) , to a ccept tari/makasih ! thank you
Tara h, to place , pu t ; menarahmeja ,to lay the tab le
Ta tka la , time,a t the time when ;
ta tka la dahu la , b efore , earlierTeduk, to ab ate
Tegak, firm,steady, lasting
Teh, tea
Telaga well, pond
Telah, pa st , a lready, a fter telah ita
,
thereupon
Telér,egg
Tembako,tembaka u tob acco
Temp o tim’
e,weather
Tengah, middle , ha lf tengah hari,midday
Tengga lam,to b e submerged, sink
Tengok, to look at
Terbang , to flyTerbayar, paidTerbit, to rise (sun , moon)Terba ka
,open
Terdampar, aground, strandedTerika i
,see I ka t
Terla la , very, exceedinglyTerlebih
,more
,most
,very
Terseba t, mentioned,a foresa id
Tertawa , to laughTetap i, bu t, neverthelessTiada
,not there is not
Tiap -tiap , ea ch,every
Tiba -tiba,suddenl y
Ticket,ticket
Tidak, no
,not ; tidak ap a , never
mind
Tidor,sleep , to sleep ; tidorkan ,
to
send to sleep , pu t to b ed slamattidor ! good night !
Tika s,rat
,mouse
Timba l, come to the surface
Tinggal , remain , dwe ll ; tingga lkan ,
to leave slama t tingga l ! goodb ye (said b y a person going )
Tinggi, high tinggika n ,to e leva te
Ting/tap ,window (of native houses)
Tinta (Port . ink
Titahka n,to order
Toba t repentance
Tongka t, stick (walkingTop i, hatTra
,trada z tiada
Tra ng , clear (of light)Tren trainTrima tarimaTra s
,through, straight
straight on
Ta ah, old
Ta a la towelTuan
,master
,sir
,Mr the
, polite
expression for sir,
”
you
Ta ang , to pour outTukang , a workman ; one who dea ls
in certa in articles or exercises a
certa in trade , equivalent to -er
MALAY-ENGLI SH VOCABULARY 8 5
in painter,” “
printer,”
b ar
b er tukan
gmina ta
,washerman
tukang roti,
aker
Ta ka r,to change (trans. )
Ta lia,to
'
write ta liskan,describ e
Tulung ,to help , assist (used a s
English“please he lp , assistance
Ta nggang to ride
Ta ngga ,to wa tch
Ta nja k, ta nj a kkan ,to show
Ta nta n ,to lead
Ta ra n,to get down , disemb ark , land ,
set (sun), b e descended fromTutup , to shut
,cover
Ubi, potatoes Ya, yes, oh (in addressing any one)
Uj ar, to say, speak Yang , who , which yang la lu ,last
Ula r,snake Yas coa t
Ulih, by, through, by means of Yogia sa yogia- nya , it is
‘Uma r age necessaryUnyuk, to stretch ou t
, pass (at ta b le ) Youges,‘
j onges servantUp ah, wages, pa y to engage a
servant Zaman time
Up aya means resources
Usah, necessity to be necessary tra
(ta ) usah, never .mindUta ra north
Utas,workman
Wah,exclamation of pain , surprise ;
wah bela / wha t a misfortune
W'
aktu time, period when
Wa ng , money ; wang kartas, b anknote (paper money)Wa rna
,co lour
Waya ng , performance (theatrica l)Wera nda
,verandah
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
Me and its modifications, generally
(
prefixed to active verb s inthe written language , are as a rule omitted in the conversationalstyle, and are not given here .
n .=noun ; a dj .=adjective ; v .=verb ;
intrans.=intransitive ; lit.=litera lly ; prep .=preposition ; conj .=conjunction.
The lists in the body of the Grammar shou ld a lso be consu lted .
A,an
,sa tu , sa
, often used in con
junction with one of the numera lco-efficients : sa -biji tel6r, 1 an egg ;sa -ika r kuda
, a horse
Ab ate (wind , storm ), tedahAb le to
,expressed b y bu lih, to b e
ab le
Ab out , (concerning) , derip ada ,f asal ;more or less), lebih kurang , kira'
ra ; (round ab out), berka l iling(ab out to , going tO ) - expressed b yma u or hendak (to wish, intend)
Ab ove , a ta s,di - a tas ; more than ,
lebih ab ove a ll things, hu baya
ha baya
Ab road,luar
,
Ab sent,tidak ada
Accept, tarima , trimaccompa ny, ber
-sama , ber-kawanAccording to , sep erti
ccount (money), kira -kira , bill on
a ccount of, deri sebab
Accuse,tuduh a ccuser
, p ena da h
Accustomed to,biasa
Acheen,negri A cheh
Acquainted with,to b e
,kenal (of
persons)Across, go across, lintang to the
other side,ka -sabrang
Act ba atan ; (v. ) bua tAdd up, j umlahkanAddress (of a letter),
‘
a lama t what
1 Specia l attention should b e paid to the accent on the last syllab le , which
has the effect of making the preceding vowel“ indeterminate (see Grammar).
86
is his address ? dia tinggal mana
(lit. , where does b e live ? )Advocate , penu lung bicharaAffair, ha l erka raPAfra id
,talent
After kemdian derip ada ,lep as a fter tha t sa -telah
Afternoon, p etang , tengah hari la la
fterwards,kemdia n
gain , lagi saka li, pu la further,
dan lagi p u la
Against (Opposed to ), lawanAge ,
‘umur how old are you ? brap a
‘umur tuan ?
Agent , wakil
Ago , sudah,la lu ; five months ago ,
sudah lima bu lan ; some days ago ,
the other day, sudah
Aground (of a b oat),Ague , demam karaAhead , di
-ha dap ,di-dapan
Air,hawa
,a dara ; to a ir (clothes),
a nginka n
Alike,sa -ra sama
All , samua samaa ), sega la , saha lian ;a ll right, ba ik lah a ll over(finished), su dah, ha bis
Al low , biya r, bri izin , (ka sihp ermissi)Almanac
,takwim
Almond , ketap ang , badam
Almost,hampir, dekat
A lms, sadakah
ENGLISH-MALAY
Aloes-wood , gaharuAlone
,sa orang sahagfia lonely,
sung/t
Along , twrut, iku t a long with, samaAlongside of
,d i-st
'
si,di set-blah
Aloud , kwa t-W a t
Already, sudah
Also , p ula , j aga , iua , pun ; I a lso,
sahya un
Alter, u ah (intrans.
Although, meskip un , j ika lau sea -ka lin,sungguh
-
pun
A together, blaka
Alum,tawas
Always, sa - Ia lu , sa -lama -lama -nya‘
Amb assador, nia sanAmb er, ambarAmerica
,negri M arika, an Ameri
can,orang Marika
Among , antara
Amount (tota l ),) ! um1ahAmuse (oneself) ma inAnchor (n . sauh ; (v . la buhlcan
And,-danAnger, angry, ma rah, murkaAnima l , bina tangAniseed , adas manisAnkle , ma ta ka kiAnother (different), lainmore
,sa tu lagi
Answer (11 . and v . jawa b ; (v. ) sahu t;answer a le tter, bala s surat
Ant,3 6mm; white , and
-amt ; largered , kerangga
Anvil , landasanAny, ba rang ; anyb ody, barang siap a ,
anything , barang ap a ; anywa ,
sa barang , anywhere , ba rang d};
mana , at any time, barang bila
any one will do,mana -mana sa tu
p un jadi lahAperient (purgative ), obat buang ayerAppear (seem ), rapa it seems
,
apparenfiy, rap a nya , he has a
good figure , appearance , stkapnyaba ik j a ga
Approach (v. ) ham r
Arab ia
Arm (m’
Ar
la ngan , fore - arm,
tangan weapon, senj ataArmpit, ketiak
Army , ta ntra , lashkar (laskar)Arrest, tangkapArrive
,sam at
Arrow, ana p anah
Arsenic, warangan
VOCABULARY
Art ,‘ilmu , hikma t
As (like ), sep erti, bagci since,
b ecause,ka rna seba b ; a s long as
(Length), sa-p anj ang , (time ), 3a
ma ; as many as,a s much as
sat-banyak ; a s soon a s, sa -telah
a s soon as possib le , sa -lekas-lelcas,
sa -le/cas-nya a s if,sa -aka n -akan
Ascend,na ik
, (a river) muddleAshamed
,ma lu
Ashes,a bu
Ashore , di-dara t to go a shore, na ik
dara t
Ask (a question), tanya ; (to a sk a
person to do something ), mintaAsle e bertidorAss
, ei
Assemb ly, p erhimpunanAssist
,tulung
Astern,di-blaka ng
Asthma,sesak da da
Astonished , terchengangAt
,def
, p ada ; a t first,mu la -mu la
at last,a lchz
'
r,ha bis; a t least
,sa
kurang J ourang a t most, ya ngterlebih a t once
,dengan segra
at present , sekarang 15m:Attempt , chobaAttentive
,raj in
Auction , lelong ; to se ll by auction,lelongka n
Austra lia,negri Strelz
’
a
Au tumn,ma sim buah-buahan , [char
/ifAwning , chetri
Axe,kap a la, bliong
Bab y, kanak-anak
Ba ck (again ), kombali go b ack,
pula ng ; send b ack, p u la ng/can
Back, (b ody) blakang ; (of the neck ),
tengkolc
Ba ckwards,ka-blakang
Bacon,daying ba bi
Bad , tida /c ba ik ; (of food), busukwicked
, j aha tBag , Icarong, sa lon ,
bagBaggage , barang -barangBa il
, j aminBait
,amp an 0
Bak e , p anggangka n ; (bread), bua troti
Bak er, tuka ng roti
Ba ld , bota k, gundulBall, bola to play at b all , ma in bolaBamb oo , bambu , buluhBanana , pasang
88 MALAY MANUAL
Bank (river), tebing, tap i ; (money),kan tor bangl:
Bankrupt, yang berhenti bayar, bankmp to b ecome b ankrupt, j a tuh
Bar (to fa sten a door), ka nchingBarb er
, tukang chukur
Bare (leafle ss), gunol'ulBark (of a tree ), ku lit kayu to b ark
(as a dog ), sa la lcBarracks
,rumah solda do, tangsi
Barrel,tong , p i a
Ba sin,ma ngleo
Basket, bakal , kranj angBa t (anima l ), klawarBa th
,to take a
, mandi ; b athroom ,
tamp a t ma ndt b ath-tub,tong
ma ndt hot,cold b ath
, permandz'
an
ayer ha nga t, sej akBa ttle , p rangBay (of sea ), teluk
‘
; (horse), merahBe
,ada
, j adiBeach, p anteiBeak (of b ird ), p arukBeans, ka chang (benches)Bear (anima l ), brnanBear (carry), p iku l on the b ack or
shou lders) ; endure , tahanBeard , j anggutBea t (strike ), p ukul ; (of the heart ),da bar. For other equivalents withdifferent shades of meaning , see
Maxwell,M anua l of the M a lay
Language, p . 120.
Beau tifu l, bagns, elolc
Because,sebdb
,karna
Become, j adi
Bed , tampa t tidor b edroom , bilik
(kamar) tidar ; b edstead , ka til to
go to b ed , p ergi tidor
Bee , lebah
Beef , daying lembu b eefsteak ,
Beer, bir
Beetle,kumbang
Be fore (in time past), dahu lu , dulu ;(of place ), dt -hadap an ; b eforethat, sa-belnm
Beg , minta sadakah b eggar, orangminta sadakah ; (religious mendi
cant), fa lcérBegin , mula i b eginning , mnlaBehaviour, ka labuanBehind ( lace ) , di-blakangBe lieve trust), p erchaya (in ,
akan) ;(think ) ,fiklr
Bell locheng, genta
see Grammar
Bellows, p engnmbusBelong that b elongs to me , itusahya unya
Below ,i -bawah
Bench,bang/cu
Beside , a t the side of,di—3a -bla li
Besides, lagi-p un ,
'
dan lagiBest
,terlebih
pba ik
, yang
gba ilo saka li
(see Grammar) ; to the b est of mya b ility, 3a
-bulih bu lihBete l nu t , pinangBetter
,lebih ba ik
Be twe en , antara
Beyond (the other side of), di-sa -blahBib le (New Testament), inj ilBicycle , lcreta lerengBig , besar
Bill (account), kira lci/ra,sura t
b a tang, bill, rekeninBilliards
,ma in bola
Bird,burong , b ird-cage , sanglcar ;
b ird’
s nest,sarang burong
Birth,lcaj adian ,
barana lclcan
Birthday, ha ri j adi, berana lclcanBiscu it
, bislcot
Bit (piece ), sa krat ; (horse ) lagam,
loa ngBite
,to
, yigitBitter
,ahit
Bla ck , itam
Bla cksmith,tukang
Blank et, selima t, kambliBlind ba ta
Blinds (sun -b linds),Blood
,da rah
Blossom,banga
Blotting-paper, kartas kembangBlow (n .
Blow,to (b
a
iluthe wind or mouth),
tiynpBlu e
,biru ; dark b lue
, biru tuah
light b lue , biru manis
Blunt (of a knife ), tnmp ul , kurangtaj am
Boar,babi j antan
Board (wood ), p apa n ; (of floor)p ap an lan
aéei , to go on b oard
,
turun lca
Boa t (Malay), p rahu ; (Chinese)
fi gan ; (English)) b0a t , b oa tman,dayong
Boa
dy, tubuh, badanBoil
, a , bisa lBoil, to (trans. rebn3 ; (intrans. ) berdidili
Bolster, banta l pa nj ang
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
Bolt, a kanching bolt,to
,kan
cliing n w
Bone,tu la ng
Book , kitab, buka bookb inder,tukang j ilid lcitdb bookcase ,sarong (W ) kitab bookseller,tuka ng j lcitdb
Boot,kasu t, boot
Borrow,min ta p inj am
Both, kadna
Bottle, botol
Bottom (lowest part), bawahBough, da lianBow (weapon), p a nah ; (of a b oat)ha lnan to b ow, tund
’
a lc
Bowe ls, p erm (pra t)Bowl
,ba til
, bu lcwr
Box, p eti, [copp er
Boy, ana le laki-la lci
Braces, ta li sela arBrain , u ta lcBranch (tree ), dahan (road) semp ang
Brandy, brandi (30p i)Brass, tembaga loaningBread
,roti white b read
,rotipu tih,
!
b lack b read , roti kasa r freshb read , roti baharu sta le b read ,roti ba3 i
Bread-fru it,sa kit/n
Break , pechah, p atahBreakfast, makan pagiBreast, da da , (fema le ) susuBrea th, nefasBreathe , tarek nefasBrewer, tukang birBrick
, bata-ba ta
Br
’
i
l
d e , j amba tan, (of nose) ba tang
Bridle,ta li lca
BrightBring , bawaBroad , lobarBrooch
,lcrnsang
Broom, penyapu
Brother, suda ra laki-la lci, (elder)
abang , (younger) adilaBrow
,kening
Brown ,hitam manis
Brush bra s clothes’
b rush, bras
keia n ; hair-bru sh,bra s rambut,
3 kap a la na il b rush,bra s
kn lcn tooth-b rush, b
'rus gigi
Brush, to , 3 ap u ; (teeth, boo ts) gosakBucket , timbaBud, kutum
8 9
Bu ffa lo , kerbauBu ild , bua t, banga nlcan, ikat rumahBuilding ba ngnnan
Bug , pijat, ka ta bu 3u lcBu l l
,lembu j antan
Bull et, p e lurnBu oy, boyaBurn
,to
, ba lta r, hangusBury, tanam ,
lciiburkan
Bushes (thicket), semalcBusiness
,Irma
, p elteiya an
Busy : I am b usy,sahya ta
’
senangBut , tetapi, tap i , (except) mela inka n, b a nya
Butcher,tukang da ging
Bu tter,mantega
Bu tterfly, lcupu-loupa
Button,ka ncliing button hole ,
loba ng kanclii'
ng ; to bu tton , men
ganchingBuy, bli
By, u lih b boat, dengan p rahu ;
by land ,fr
By and b y, saben tar lagi
Cab b age , kobis
Cab in , kura ng, kamar, kam/raCage , sanglcar
Cak e , kweh, panganan
Ca lf (anima l), anak lembu ; (of theleg ) j antong betis
Ca lico,bla cha minya lc
Ca ll , panggil ; ca ll in (a t a place ) ,singgah,
Ca lm (tranquil), ted i’
ih ; (water)tenang
Camel , on ta
Camphor, kap a r barns
Can (b e ab le ), bu lih; (b ucket) tongCana l , pa rit
Candle , lilin , dian
Candlestick ,kaki lilin
Cane , rotan, (wa lking stick ) tongkatCannon ,
mariamCa nnot, ta
’
bu lih
Canoe , ja lur, kolelcCap , kOpia li
Ca e (geog . tanj nngCagita l (funds) , moda l ; (of a
country) kap ala negri
Capsicum ,cha bei
Capta in , kapita n , nakliodaCare (11 . inga t ; to take care of
,
j aga ; to b e careful , j ,aga inga t
inga t ; care for (like ), suka ; I
don’
t care , sahya ta’
f edu li (pedul i)
90 MALAY MANUAL
Careful : b e careful ! bails-baik !Ca re fu lly, j aga ba ileCare less
,la lei
Cargo , mna tanCarpenter, tukang kayuCarp et, p ermadani, hamp aranCarriage , kareta , loretaCarry, bawa , p ilca l (on the b ack or
shou lders). There are many otherequ ivalents with different shadesof meaning Maxwell
,Jll a na al
of theM alay Language , p . 121Cart
, p edati
Case : in case,ka lau -ka lau in that
ca se,ka lau bagita
Cash (ready money), wang ta nei,
lcontan to pay ca sh, bayar ta nei ;
to cash a cheque,tukar surat wang
Casting-net, j al a
Castor oil , minya lej ara lcCa t, ku chingCa tch (get hold of) , tanglcap ; (acold) lcena 3 elismah, kena sardi
Caterpillar, a la t (hu la t) bu lnCause
,sebab
Cave , ga a liCayenne pepper, lada merahCeiling , langit
-langit
Cemetery, tamp a t lcu ba r, p elca bnranCentre
, pusa t ; right in the centre,
sama tengahCertain (sure ), tanta a certain
person , Mr so -and -so , sianaCerta inly, tanta
Ceylon , negri Seilan
Chain,ran tei
Chair, lem si,lea rsi
Cha lk , kap u r bla nda
Champagne , anggor p nf , sampaniChance : he went b y chance
, j a tahla li ia p argi
Change (sma ll money), wang kechilto change : (money) tuka r, (a lter,intrans. ) nbah, (trans. ) a ba li - lcan ,
(clothes) sa lin, (pla ce of ab ode )p indah
Character (disposition ), p rangei,
p elcerti, (reputation) namaCharcoa l , a rangCheap , ma rah
Chea t, to ,tipn
Cheek , p ip i
Cheese , leeju
1 The names of the pieces a re : raj a , king ; mantri, queen ; gaj ah, b ishopkuda , knight ; ti
fr,castle bida le, pawn (check , sah; mate , ma t).
Chemist, tukang oba l
Cheque , sura t wang , checkChess,
l clia ta r, ma in gaj ah chess
m en, ba a li cha tur b oard
, p apancha ta r
hest (b ody), dada , (box)p etiChew
,mamah
Chicken, ana lc hayam,
hayam keeh/ilChief (headman) , p engliu lii, orangbesar
Child,ana le
Chili (red pepper), lada Chinahimney, chorong (tamp a t) a sapChin , daga
China,
negri China Chinaman,
orang ChinaChisel
, p a lia t
Chocola te,chokolat
Choke lema3 ,cheltek
Cholera,ma ntah bera lc
Choose, p ilili
ChOp , to , chinchang a chop , dagingchinchang
Christ,nabi ‘I sa
Christian , nasrani,Church , grej aChutney, cha tni
Cigar, chem tn ,seru ta
Cigarette , roko kartas
Cinders (emb ers), bamCinnamon
,leu litmanis
Circle, ba la t
Circumcise , circumc1s1on, sa nat
Citizen,orang negri
Citron , limau , jera lcCity, bandar, negri. The Ma laywords for “
city,” “ town,
”etc . ,
are ill-defined
Civil (polite ), sup anCla ss (sort), j enis, maClaw
,lea kn
Clay, tanah lia t
Clean (adj bar3 ili , bresin, (v.) chu chiClear, trang ; (of liquids) liening ,
j ernehClerk
,kfrani, j am tu lis
Clever, p andeiClimate , ka n
-a,ndara
Climb , p anj a tClock , 7am ; what
’
s o’
clock ? pukul
brap a ?
Close , to , lamp
92 MALAY MANUAL
Cup , mangkok, ckawanCupboard , a lma riCure p enawar, (v. ) semba li leanCurrent (of water), ha ra sCurry, ga lei, loariCurse (n . and samp a liCurtain (window), tirei, ta birCushion
,banta l
Custom,
‘ada t
Custom (ta x), chuleei ; custom -house,
rumah chu leei
Cut (with a knife ) , p a ta ng , (withscissors) ga ntinglea n ; cut in two
,
bla li ; cut o ff,lera t ; cut down
(trees, shrub s), tebang , tebasCuttlefish
,sotong
Dagger, lerisDaily, sa
-lia 'ri-ha'riDam (dyke ), amp angDamp , basah, lembapDance (v. ) tariDanger, bahaya ; dangerous, berbahaya
Dare,brani
Dark , g lap ; darkness,kaga lap an ,
leelamDate (time ), hari ba lan
,tarikh ;
(fru it) kha rmaDaughter, ana lep eramp a anDay, ha ri ; every day, 3a -lia 1i -hari ;every other day, slang sa -kafri ;midday, tengah liari all day,sa -
p anj ang hari ; first day of the
month,3 a -hari ba lan ; dayb reak ,
dini ha ri ; daylight, siang ; dayand night, siang mal am; day b e foreyesterday, lea lamarin daha la ; daya fter to-morrow
,la sa
Dead,ma ti
Dea f,ta li
, p eleale
Dear (b eloved ), lea lea sili ; (expensive)mahal
Death, leama tianDeb t
,ha ta ng ; in deb t , berha tang
Deceive , ti a, p e
’rdaya lea n
Deck (of 8 ip ), deleDeep , da lam ; (of colour) ta ah ; (ofsleep) lelap
De er,ra sa
Defea t a lah-lea n ,
‘ to b e defeated , a la li ; de feat ala lian
De fendant, yang leena a da
Deliver (set free), lep as/lean ; (handover) serah
Demand ~ (n-l, (V J
Dentist,ta bib gigi
Deny, sa ng/ca l
Depart, p argi, beranglcatDescend
, ta ra n
Descendants,ka ta ra nan
Desert p adang belantara, (v. )
tingga l/canDesire leahenda le
,hendak
Desk,mej a tu lis
Dessert, ba ah-ba ahanDestroy, binasakan
Destruction,binasa
Devil,the
,iblis
,sheitan
Dew , emba nDiamond
,intan
Diarrhoea,buang
-buang ayer, chiritDictionary , leama sDie
, ma ti (a lso of wind dying down)Difference
,beda
Different,la in
Difficu lt, p aya li, sa eahDig , ga li
Diligent , rajinDim ,
leaba r
Dine , ma lean p etang ,
’ dining-room ,
bilile maka n dinner,mahanan
pettingD1rect (stra ight), tra s, la ra sDirectly, lekas, dengan sigra
-nya
Dirty , leotor
Discharge (dismiss), lepa slean ,kan (gun)p asa ng
Disease , p enya leit
Disemb ark , ta run da'ra t
Dish, p inggan ; (course ) Saj
’
b ,‘ dish
cover,tadongs
aj iDislike ta sa lca
Distance,distant
, j auhDistrict
,da ira l i , j aj akan
Ditch, p arit
Do,bua t ; (su ffice) j adi ; that will do ,
itu -
p a n ba lili ; it won’
t do,ta
’
jadi;how do you do ? ap a kha bar?
Do not,don
’
t, j angan (with impera
tive ) j anga n p ergi, don’
t go
Doctor (na tive ), bomo , da lea n ; (onewho practises Western medicine)doletor
Dog , angingDollar, ringgit
Done (finished),’
sa da li ; (of food )masa /e
Door, p inta
Doub le (two -fold), ganda
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
D oub tfu l , tiada tantaDown (b elow), bawah ; downsta irs
,
di-bawa li ; downwards, lea-bawah
Dozen ,losen
,
'
da sen
Drag (v. ) tarele, helaDrain p a
'rit
Draught (medicine ), oba tminamD ra u g h t 3 (game), dam,
cliolei;draught b oard , p ap an dam
Draw (pu ll), tarele,hela ; (tooth
chabut, (water) timba ; (sketch
ta lis
Drawer, la chi, leota le sarong
-sarongDrawers (dress), chelana da lamDream
,mimp i
Dress (11 p a leeian , (v. )p a leci ka in ;dressed
,memakei; dressing -room ,
tamp a t p akeia nDrink (11 . minama n
, (v . minamDrive : to go for a drive , da da lekareta
, drive away (trans. ha la a
Drop (n titele, (v. jatah (intrans.
j a ta lilean (trans.
Dropsy, sembapDrought , leama raaDrown (intrans. ma ti lemasDrum
, gendang ,rebana
Drunk,maba le ; drunkard , p eminam
Dry kring ; (v . ) angin lean (inthe air), j eina rlean (in the sun) ;the dry season
,ma sim kamaran
Duck , itele
Du e (exactly) : due west, ba ra t tep atDumb
,bisa
,kel i
’
i
Dung, tahi, baj aDuring ,
sa -ma ntara , sat-lama , 3 a -la gi
Dust,deb it
,lebi
’
i, lia ba le
Duty (tax ), chu leeiDwarf
, orang p endek-
p endek, lea tele
Dye chelap ; dyer, ta lea ngDysentery, ba ang ayer dara li
Ea ch,ma si -ng ma sing , tiap
-tiap ,each
other, sa ta sama la inEagle , raj a -wa li
Ea r, telinga
Ea rly, sia ng sia ng , p agi-
p agiEarn (money), chari wangEarrings (drops), anting anting,
(buttons) lerabaEa rth (soil), bami, tanah, (opposedto water) da rat
Ea rthquake ,Ea se oneselfEast, tima r
93
Easy, mudah, gamp ang , senangEa t
,ma lea n na si (ea t rice
,which is
more idiomatic than ma kan a lone )Eb b
,ayer sura t
Eb ony, Ieaya arangEclipse , gerlia na , graha naEdge (knife ), ma taEel , beli
’
it
Egg , telor , egg-
,shell Ieu lit teldr
white, p a ti li telo
’
r, yolk , merah
telor , hard b oiled , ma sa le Iera sfresh
,baha ru ; sta le
,ba sa le
Either either or, a ta a
Elb ow,silea
Elephant, gaj ah ,
’
(tusk ), gading ;(trunk ) bela lei
Else (otherw1se ) ka la u tida , (b esides)lagi anything e lse
,la in ap a ap a
Emb a rk,na ile lea
Emera ld,zam
Emetic,obdtma ntah
Empty (ad ), Ieosong ; (v. ) Ieosong leanEnd
,Iea sa tlahan
Endure (put up
n
with) , tahanEnemy (common), ma suk, (persona l)setra
Engage (a servant), ap ahEngaged (b usy), ada leeiyaEngine , j entza , (locomotive ) ingin ,lereta ap i
E1
!lish
,‘
I nggris ; Englishman, orang
nggris , England , negri I nggrisEngrave , a lcir, engraver, tukangp enga leir
Enough (sufficient) , chakup ; that’
s
enough, sudah-la b,
Enqu ire,ta n a
, (investigate )p riksaEnter
,ma sa
Enterta in (a guest), j amaEntirely, saka li
Entrails,isi p erat (pra t)
Enve lope , sa rong sa ra t
Epilepsy, gila babi
Equal,sama
Especially, istima aEurope , negri I rop a
.
Even (adv. p a n , j aga , (adj . ra ta,
da tar (level ) ; genap (of numb ers)Evening , p etang , soreEver
, p ernah , for ever,
sci-lamalama nga
Every (each), masing masing , tiap, (a ll) sama a
,segal a , every
b o y, sa-barang orang , every day,
sa -ha 'ri hari everything , sega la
94 MALAY MANUAL
barang everywhere , di -manamana
Evil j a lia t, (n . ) Ieag'
a lia tan
Exact, exa ctly, betal
Examine , investigate , p riksaExcept that, mela inka n ,
hanya
Exchange ta lea rlea n
Excuse (n . da leli to mak e excuses,
berdalehda leh
Excuse (v. ) excuse me, ampa nlean
sahya , ma‘af lean sahya
Execu tioner, p ertanda
Expect, nantileanExpenses, bla nj a , ongleosExplain , nya ta lea n ,
bri taha
Export Iea ta a rlean
Extinguish, p adamxtremely, terla lu ,
sanga tEye , ma ta ; eyeb a ll, biji ma ta ; eye
b row,ba la Ieening ; eyela sh, ba la
ma ta ; eye lids, lelop a le, bibir mata ;pupil of the eye , ana lema ta
ye-
glass, chemnin
Fab le,eherita
Fa ce,ma lea
Fade (of leaves), laya , (of colours)bera ba li
Fa il (in b usiness), j a ta li ; without
fail,tiada ba lili
Faint (weak ), letéh, (v. )p engsanFair (ju st), betal ; a fair wind
,angin
ba ile; fair weather, clia a cliaFaith (religious b elief), intanFal l j a ta li . For other eq uiva
lents with different shades of
meaning , see Maxwell, p . 121
Fa lse (untrue ), boIiong , da sta, (of
money) lanchonFamily (genera lly isi pama li
,Ieaam
kala rga , (wife and children) ana lebini
Famine , ka ta'
aran
Famous, mes lia r, ternama
Fan,leipas
Far, j auh ; as far as, hingga , 3 a -j aah;far from getting it, we did not see
it, j angan/lean dap a t, meliha t-p a n
tida le (not only did we not get it)Fare (on b oat or ship ), tambang, (ofcab ) p enyewa
Farewell Slama t tingga l !Fashion (in dress, chara
Fast (quick ), loleas, (of a clock ) dras,‘
(ab stention from food)p uasaFa sten. ilea t
Fa t gemok, tamba n , (n .) lemaleFa te , leisma t, nasibFa ther
, bap aFa thom dep a
Fau lt, sa lah ; that’
s not my fault, itaba lea n sahya p unya sa lali
Favour,IeasiIi
Fe ar,ta len t
Feather,ba la
Features, p aras
Feeb le,lemalt
,letéli
Feed bri makanFee l (touch), ra ba , j amah, rasaFema le (of human b eings), pp a an , (of anima ls) betinaFence
, p agar
Ferry, tambangan ferry-b oat, p raha
tambangan ; ferryman, ta leang tamba ngan
Festiva l,liari besar
,liari
Fetch, p argi ambil , p argi bawa
Fetters, bela/nggaFever, demam ; intermittent fever
,
demam Iea ra ; typhoid fever,Ieap ia la
Few , sedileit
Field (cu ltivated), ladang (dry rice
fields) , as opposed to sawa li (wetrice fields)
Fig , ara
Fight, to , lea lalii, (of animals) lagaFile leileir
ilter,strainer
,tap isan
ill,isilean
Finally, a lehirnyaFind dap a t
Fine ha la s (not coarse ) ; fineweather
,elia a elia money fine
denda
Finger, j ari; forefinger, j ari tela nj a lemiddle finger, j ari Iianta ; third
finger, j ari manis ; little finger,j ari lelingleing ; finger na il
,lea lea
Finish,ha biskan finished
,sa dah
ha bis
Fire ap i ; (v. ) p a sang (a gun) ;fire -
pla ce , tamp a t ap i ; fire -wood,
Ieaga ap i fire-works,mereha n
,
ba nga ap i
Fire -fly, Ieslip -leelipFirst
, p ertama ; firstly, ma la -ma laFish ilean ; (v. ) p anching, Iea il
(with rod and line ) menj a la (witha net) ; fish-hook , ma ta lcail ; line ,ta li lca il rod
, foran ; fisherman,p engail
96 MALAY MANUAL
Glass, Ieaeha , (drinking-
glass) glasGloves
,sarong tangan
Glu e , p erlea tGnat
,aga s
Go , p ergi ; (as a clock) berj a lan ; goaway nya li
- lah, p erg i
-ta li gob a ck
, pa lang ; go down ,ta rnn ; go
in , masa le ; go out, p ergi lnar ; go
up , na ikGoat
,leambing
God,A llah
,Ta lian
Going to (ab out to ), nantiGold
,ama s
, ma sGone
, sndah p ergi, endah j a lan , (disappeared ) sudah
Gong ,chanang , gong
Gonorrhoea,sa leit keneliing
Good, ba ik; good
-b ye , slama t tingga l ;good-d ay, ta bele ; good
-morning,Slama tp agi
Goods,barang
-barangGoose
,angsa
Gospe l, in'
il
Gourd,la
Governor, gnbernnr, gebenn/rGradua lly, parta lian -
p erla lian , p lan
p lan
Grain , bij i-bij iGrand fa ther
,nenele
,bap a besar
Grandmother, neneIe p eramp uan ,
mama besarGrapes, ba a li anggorGrass
,rump u t
Grasshopper, bela langGrave lenbar
Gravel,ba ta leelileir
Gra vy, lea a liGreat
,besar
Greece,negri GriIea
Green (colour), hijan , (unripe) mndaGrey, lcla bn , (hair) nbanGrie f
,da lea
Grind (sharpen), asahGroom , sa
’
is
Ground (soil), tanah; (reason) sebabGrow (as plants), tnmb nh, (increa sein size or numb er) tamba li
. 0
Guard j aga , (n . ) jaga -jaga ,kawa l
Guava , j amba bijiGuess, aga le
Gu est, j amnGuide mennnjnle ga lan (showthe way)
Guilt,leasa lahan ,
dosa
Guilty, bersalah
Gulf,telnle
Gum, getali , ayerp erkat
Gums, ga si
Gun,senap ang , bedil
Gunpowder, oba t bedilGutter
, sa la ran , p anelinran
Hab it,
‘ada t
Hail (frozen rain), liaj an ba ta'
; toha il (gre et), bri slama t
Hair (of b ody), ba ln rnma, (of head)
ramba t ; hair-b r ush, bra s ramba thair-
pin, elinelia le-sanggn lHillf,
‘
tenga li ; one and a half, tengah
na
Ham, p aha babi, ham
Hammer, p emnlenl , martil
Hand, tangan ; left-hand side , sa
blah Ieiri ; right—hand side, sa
-bla lileana n ; left hand
, tangan kiri ;right hand, tan gan Iea nan ; b ackof the hand
, p a ngga ng ; pa lm,
tap a leHandfu l , sa -
genggamHandkerchief, sap n tangan , handukHandle (of a (of a
vessel) telingaHand-ra il
,leaya emegang
Handwriting , be tangan ,IeIiat
Hang berganta ng , ( trans. )ganta ngkan
Happen , j adiHarb our (anchorage), pHard (not soft), IerasHare
,loweln
Harness, p a leeian Ienda
Harrow,sisir tanah
Harvest, p ennwe
-an, mena bes
Has,had see Grammar
Haste, yop on mak e haste
,bersigra
Hat, t0p i (especia lly a sun hat),
leop ia li , ehap in ; hat-b ox
, p eti t0p i ;to wear a hat, memakei t0p i to
take off the hat,buka t0p i ; hatter,
tukang t0p i
Ha te ben elii
Have,ada (see Grammar), bera lih
Hay, rump u t IeringHe
,him
,she
,her
,dia
,ia
Head,Ieap ala '; headache
,sa leit
kap a la ; hea d wind, angin di
ma leaHealth
,nyaman ,
silia l,
‘afiyat
Heap timbu/nanHear, dengar
Hearing (sense of), p enengaran
ENGLI SH-MALAY VOCABULARY
Hea rt, j an tong , (a s the seat of the
affec tions) ha tiHearth
,tamp a t ap i
Hea t, p ana 3 , (artificia l) ha nga t
Heaven (sky), la ngit, (home of the
b lessed ) shnrga , sa rgaHeavy, bra t, (of rain) lebatHedge , ar
He e l,tagi
a
i’t
He ll,na ra lea
, (Mohammedan) j ehennam
Helm,Ieemadi
He lp , tn lnng ; there’
s no help for it ,ap a bu lih bna t (what can b e done
Hen,Iia yam betina
Hence (from here ), deri sini (for thisreason ) sabab ini ; (from this timeforth) derip ada wa leta ini
Herd,leawan
Here,sini
,di-sini
Herea fter,di-blakang ini
Hiccough, sedi’
i
Hidden,tersemba ni
Hide sembnni,sembnnyi
Hide (skin ), lenlitHigh, tinggi high water, ayer
pasang p enahH1ghway, j a lan raya
Hill, ba leit
Hilt,Iin ln
Himself,dia sendiri
Hinder tege’
tli
Hindustan ,n egri Hindi
Hip , p a nglea l p a liaHire
,rent sewa (v. ) np ah,
mengap ahlean (engage a serva nt )His
,her
,dia p a nya or dia following
the noun
Hit Ieena
Hither,lea -sini
,lea -mari
Hitherto,samp ei seka rang
Hoe,
Cha ng/ca l (large , used for
digging )Hoist (sa il , colours), a ngka t, na ileHold (of a ship ), p eidle to hold , take
hold of, p egang , (contain ) mna tHole , lobangHoliday, liari raya
Hol land , negri B landa , Wolanda
Hollow,leosong
Holy, Ienda s
Home : at home,di-ramah
Honey, ayer madn ; honeycomb ,indolemadnHoo f, IenIenHope (u . and harap
97
Horizon,lea lei langit
Horn, tandnle, (of rhinoceros) samba
Horse,lenda ; horseshoe , besi Ienda
horsewhip , cha bn le, chamtiHospita l , ruma li sakitHot
, p ana 3 , hanga t (see Heat) ; pung ent, p edas
Hote l,hotel , rumahmahanan
Hour, j amHouse
,rumah
How,bagimana ; how long ? brap a
lama ? how many ? how mu ch ?
brap a banyak ? how much ? (ofprice ), brap a ha rga ? how often ?brap a Ieal i ?
However, tetap iHunch-b ack
,bongleole
Hunger, lap ar ; hung ry , lap a r ; to
b e hungry, lap ar
Hu n t ba rn
Hurrica ne,tnf an ,
riba t
Hurry gop oli
Hu rt sa leitlea n
Husb and , la Iei,Hut , p ondole
I,
sahya (commonly used byEuropeans), a len (by Ma lays)
Ice , ayer ba led, ayer bata
I diot, gila
I dle , ma las
I dol,berha la
I f,ka lau
,ka ta
, j ilea la a ; even if,
j ika lau sa-lea li—p nnIgnorant , bebal
I ll , sakit I feel ill,sahya rasa sakit;
illness, p enya leit
Imagine , sanglea
Imita te , tirn ,ta rn t
Immediate ly, sigra, sekarang iniImmorta l
,lea kal
, ba lea
Impertinent , ma lea p ap a n ,sambong
Import (goods), to , ma sukka nImporta nt, besar, bra t
Impossib le , ta’
bulih,ma sta liil
Impriso n , lenrongkan , p enj ara leanImpu dent , ma lea p ap anIn
,da lam ; (at home ) di-ruma li ; in
order to , sup aya ; in my Opinion,
p ad a fileiran sahya
Inch,inehi
Increase tambahan ; (v.) tambahtamba lilean (trans. )
Incur, Ieena ; used in many idioma tic
phrases (3ee Ma xwell, p . 90)
Indeb ted, berha tang
98 MALAY MANUAL
Indeed (rea lly, truly) , sa nggnh; as
an interrog a tive z really ? bagitaIeah (is it so
India,negri Hindi ; an Indian
,orang
HindiIndiarub b er
, getah
Indian corn, j agong
I ndigestion ,mananan ta
’
Iiaj amIndigo (dye ) nila , (plant), tar nmIndustrious
,raj in
Infant,kanak-anak
Infectious,beriangleit
Infidel,Ieafir
Inform, bri taha
Inhab it,diami
,da da lei
Inhab itants,isi n egri, ana le rayat
Inheritance , p a sa lea
Injustice , aniayaInk
,dawa t
,tinta ; inkstand , tamp a t
dawa t
Inland,hula
Insa ne,insanity, gila
Insect,bina tang
Inside,di-da lam
Instance : for insta nce,mesa lnya
Instant sa‘a t, sa
-leej apI nstead of
, gan ti
Instruments (equipment), p erlea leas,a la t
Intend , man , kendahInterest (on money) ba nga wangInterior
,da lam, (of a country), ha la ,
ndile
Interpret, bri arti, mengartilcanInterpreter, j a ra bahasaInterva l
,selo
’
ingInto
,lea -da lam
I ntroduce,bawa masnle
Invite , j emp a tInvoice
, fa letar, snra t barangInwards, lea
-dalam
Iron,besi ; (n . and v . ) strilea (for
laundry work )I s, ada ; is it not ? ia -kah?
I sland ,pn laa
I t,dia , itn ; it is, ita ada ; it is not
,
bukan-nya
I ta ly, negri [ tali
I tch Iendis, (n . and v .) ga ta l
I vory, gading
Ja cka l , srigala
Ja cket, bajnJapan , negri Jap a n
Jar (large), temp ayan , (smaller),bit/yang, ga Si
Lab our, leery’
a lab ourer,len li, orang
Jaundice, membang
Ja va,tanah Jawa
Jaws. raha ngJ esus Christ
,
‘
I sa cl-meseliJ etty, pier, j amba tanJ ew
,Ya lind i
J ewel, p erma ta ; jewe lry, ma ta benda
Jeweller, j ahari
Join (pu t together), Iva bonglea n
(meet) , j nmp aJoiner, ta lea ng a lmariJoints (of the b ody), sendiJourney (by land) , p erj ala nan ; (b y
sea ), p el ayaranJudge , ha kimJudgment
,Iva leam ; day of judgment
,
Jug, Myanm ar;J 11 106
,ayer
Jump tamp a t; jump down, terj a nJunk
,wanglea ng
Just (adj . )‘adil just now,
tad i,selea
rang ini,
‘
just so,betal bagitu ;
just the same,sama j a ga
Ju stice,lea - ‘adilan
Ke el,la nas
Keep (ta ke care of), simp a nKettle
,cherele
,Ieetel
, leiri
Key, a na le Iennelii ; key-hole
,lobang
Iea nelii
Kick tandang (of a horse )Kidneys, ba a li p inggangKill
,ba nnh
Kind (sort), j enis, macham,bagci
King , raj aKiss (v. ) chiamKitchen
,dap nr
Kite (b ird), lang ; (p aper) layanglayang
Knead (make dough), adon , ramasKnee
,ln ta t
Kneel,berla ta t
Knife, p isan ; pen
-knife, p isan Ieeehil
Knock , pa lea l , IeetoleKnot
,Simp ul
Know,ta lia ; (b e acquainted with),
Ieenal I don’
t know,Ienrang p rilesa
(I have not enqu ired enough)Knowledge ,
‘ilma
Knuckle , bnlen j ari
100 MALAY MANUAL
Live (b e alive), hidn reside tin
ga l , diam,dada le
p ’ g
Liver,ha ti
Lizard , chiehele ; (gecko), teleéleLoad mna tan , (v. ) ma a tleanLoa f (of bread ), roti sa -ba ah
Lob ster, ha da ng ga la
Lock leunchi,iba lennelii ; (v. )
Iea nehilean
Locust,bila lang
Log (small ),finnta ng leayn
Loins, p ang l p aha
Lonely, snnyi
Long (in spa ce ), p anj ang , (of time ),lama ; long ago , sa da li lama ; as
long as,sa -lama (time ), sa -
p anj ang(space ) ; don
’
t b e long , j anganlamba t
Look, look at, p andang, tongole, liha t
(see Ma xwell , p . look for,
cha ri, chahari ; look ou t, j aga ; (to
a
ippear), rap a
-nya sa leit (he looksi l)
Looking-
glass, chermin
Loose (not tight), longgar; (slack , ofropes) , Ieendor
Lose,hilang ; (a. b attle), a lah, lea lah
Loss (financia l ), rngiLot
,a ndi ; ca st lots, ba ang nndi
Loud , loudly, lewa t-lewa t
Love (u . kasiha n , (v. ) kasihLow (not high), rendah; (in price),ma rah ; low wa ter, ayer sa ra t
Luck , a ntong good luck,a n tong
ba ile; b ad luck , a n tong ma la ngLuggage , barang
-barangLumb ago , sen
zqa l p inggang
Lump , gemp a
Lungs, p aran-
p araa
Ma chine,injin , j intra , pesawat
Mad, gila
Madam,mem
Maggot, lin la t, a la t
Magic , hilema t
Magistrate , tnan magistret, ta an p olis
Magnet, besi berani
Maize , j agonMake , ba a t, elein
Ma laria , demam
Ma laya , tanah Ma laya ; a Ma lay,orang M a la ya ; Ma lay language ,
baha sa M a laya
Ma le (human b eing), id lei laki,
(anima l ) j an tanMan, orang , la lei
-la lei
in this manner,
Mane,ba la tengleole
Mange , leadis
Mango , manggaMankind
,mana sia
Manner,
cha ra
demikian iniMan -of-war, leap al p rangManu facture
, ba a tan made inEu rope , bua tan I ropa
Manure,baj a
Many, banyak ; as many, sa-banya le
so many, seleian ; very many, terlaln banga le
Map , p eta
Marb le, pna lam,
marmarMare
,Iea da betina
Mark,tanda ; (sea l , stamp ), chap
Ma rket, p asar, p elean market-place ,
tamp a t p asar ; to go to market,
p ergi p asa r
Ma rriage , Ieahwin
Married (having a husb and), bersa ami
, (having a wife ), berbiniMarrow
,a ta le ta la ng (b ra in of b one )
Marry leahwin'
ve ln
marriage ), Ieahwinlea n , a iMarsh , p aya
Mason (stone ), tukang ba taMa st , tia ngMa ster
, ta an
Ma t , tilear
Ma tches,tarele ap i, leorele ap i , ma chis
Matter (a ffa ir), p erkara ; no ma tter,tidaIe ap a , tiada mengap a ; what isthe ma tter with him (of illness) ?ap a sa leitnya , ap a lenrang
Ma ttress, tilamMay, ba lili
Me,sahya , sama sahya
Meadow, p ada ng rump u tMea l (food ), makand a (flour),tep ong ; to take a mea l , ma leanna si (eat rice )
Mean Itina (b a se ), Ieileir
(stingy) ; to mean (intend ), hendak ;(signify) : what does it mean ? ap aa rti-nya
Meaning , arti
Means (wea lth), lea -Icaya-an ; (way,
method), ja lan ; b y means of,
dengan
Meanwhile , da lam antara itn
Mea sles,champa le
Measure (length), ha lea ran , (capacity)sn lea tan (v. ) ha leur, sa lea t
Mea t, daging
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
Medicine, oba t
Me et (v . ) j nmp a , temfaMe lon (water), tembileeiMe lt lebar
, (intrans.) leba rIea nMemory, inga tan
Men, orang
-orangMend
,memba ilei
Mention,sebat
e rchandise , dagangan
Merchant,dagang , sa dagar ; mer
chantman (ship ), Ieap a l dagangMerely, saj aMessage , p esana n
Messenger, p enya rnli
Mew (of ca t), mengia aMiddle
, tengah
Midnight, tengah m alam
Might gaga li , Iea wa t ; (could ),
Mild (gentle ), manisMildew
,lap a le
Mile, ba ta (stone), mil
Milk,snsa
Mill , p enggilingan ; miller, ta leang
p enggil ingan ; mill stone,ba ta
Ieisa ran
Mince (chop fine ), eliinchangMind (understanding ),
‘a lea l ; to mind
(look a fter), j aga , (ca re ,heed ),
inga t ; never mind , tia da ap a , ta’
nsa li
Min e , ga lia n ; miner, tuka ng ga li ;(b elonging to m e ) sahya punya
Minute (n . ) 3 a‘a t
,minit; (fine , sma ll),
Iia lns,seni
Miss missi ; (v. ) tia da kena (notto hit the mark ) silap j a lan (missthe road)
Mist, lea ba tMistak e , sa lah
,silap ; to make a
mistake , bna t sa lah
Mister ta an , si in B .N .B.
Misunderstand , sa lah me ngarti, sa la lidenga r
Mix (trans. ) champ ur
Mom ent,sa a t, sa -leej ap ,
3 a -benta r
Money, wang money changer,ta lea ng tu lea r wang ; rea dy money,wang ta nei
Monk ey, ma nyet, leera
Month,ba la n last month
,ba lan
la la ; next month, ba la n dap an ,
ba la n da tang ; thismonth,ba lan ini
Moon, ba la n ; full moon , ba lan p er Nail p a len ; (finger),
nama ; n ew moon, ba lan baha ru , len lea ; na il -b rush, bra s Ienlea
ba lan timba l Naked, telany’
ang
Moonlight, ba lan trangMore
, lebih, lagi ; more than , lebihderip ada ; a little more , sed ikitlagi; once more
,sa -lea li lagi ; the
more the more , ma lcinma kin
Moreover,la gi
-
p a n
Morning , p agi
Morse l (mou thfu l ), 3 a -sa apMorta l ,f an liMortar (for pounding grain) lesong ;(cement), leapnr
Mortgage gadeilean
Mosqu e, ma sj id (priva te ) sa ran ,
Mosquito,
nyamole; mosquito ne t,
klambuMoss
, lnmn t
Most,terlebih banyak, terla la banyak
Mother,ma le
,iba ; mother - in - law
,
mentna step-mother
,ma le tiri
Mother-of-p earl, indong ma tia raMou ld (earth), tanah (mildew ),lapn le ; mou ldy, tap a le, basi
Mount (v . na ile
Mounta in, gnnong
Mouse , tilens
Mou sta che , misei, IeamisMouth,
ma lnt ; (river), Iena laMou thfu l , sa -snap ,
sa -mnlntMove gerale, bergerale,a leli ; gera lelean ,
a lelilean
Much , banyak too mu ch,terlamp an ,
how much brapa banya le how
much is this ? ini brap a hargaMud
,lnmp a r
Mug (sma ll earthenwa re j ar), IeendiMumps, bengole
Murder p emba na lia n (v. )ba na li ; murderer, p emba nnli
Muscle,nra t
Mu shroom ,chendawan
Music,bunyi
-ba nyian
Musk , Iea sta ri
Musket,snap ang
Mu slin , lea in Ielia sa
Must, p a ta t, misti
Musta rd , sesawi, ma stad
Mutton ,daging Ieambing , d aging bini
biri
My , sahya p nnya preceding or sahya
following the noun : see Grammar
f l
4 f
c.
,
ZMALAY MANUALf
Name, nama
Nape (of neck ), tangleoleNapkin (tab le ), tna la ,
serbettaNarrow
, semp itNation (people ), ba ngsaNa tive (of a country), ana le negri;na tive land
, tanah ayer
Na ture (disposition), ta bi‘a t
things), Iehala ileNave l
, p a sa t
Near,nearly, dekat, hampir
ecessary, hara s, p a ta t, waj ibeck
,lelzer necktie
,Iea in ilea t
leher
Needle, j aram ; needlewoman
, p eramp uan ta leang j ahiteedless
,ta
’
nsah
Neglect la lei ; (v . ) lal eilean ;neglectfu l , la loi
Neighb our, orang ramah sa blah,
orang 3 a -Ieamp ongeither nor
, p a n tida le
p a n tidd leNerve
,a ra tp utih
Nest,sarang
et (ca sting ), j a la ; (seine ), p a lea t ;(landing ) sa ith-sa ith; (a lso for b irdsor anima ls), j aring
Nettle, j ela tang
Never,ta
’
p ernah ; never yet, belamp ernah ; never mind
,tida l e ap a
Neverthe less, tetap iNew
,baha ru
New Gu inea , P ap a a
News,Iehabar
Newspaper, sa ra t Ieha bar
Next (in pla ce ), yang dekat (in time) ,Ieemdian
Nice (pleasant to the senses), sedapNight, ma lam ; a ll night , sa
-
p anj angma lam ; last night , sa ma lam
,
ma lam tadi ; la te a t night , j anhma lam ; midnight, tengah ma lam
to -night , ma lam ini,ma lam selear
ang ; day and night, sia ng ma lam ;to pass the nilb
l
iit’bermalam
ightinga le , ba l
Nitre , sendawa
No,tida le
,tada
Nod a nggole kap a la
oise,bunyi, gadnh
None (not one ), sa ta p a n tida le, (notany), tiada
Noon ,tengah hari
North,n ta ra ; north
-east,tima r laa t;
north-west,bara t laa t
Nose,hidong
Nostril,loba ng hidong
Not,is not
,tida le, ba lean ; do not
(with imperative ), j anganNotepaper, Iea rtas snra tNothing , sa tn p a n tida leNotice notisNotwithstanding , tetapiNow
, seka rang ; now and then,
Ieadang-Ieadang ; just now
,tadi
Nowhere, tida le dima na
Numb er, anglea , nomber, nommer
Nu rse p engasnh; (v. ) a snh
(children )Nu t
, ba ah Iera s len litNu tmeg , ba ahp a la
Oar, dayong
Oa th, samp ah ; to break one
’
s oa th,
ma lean samp ahOa ts
, bra s blandaOb ey, ta rntOb ject (thing), ba rang , (aim , pur
pose ), Ieahenda le; to object, Oppose ,melawan
Ob li e (force ), p a lesa ; (do a favour),tn nng
Ob serve (take notice of) , p erha tilean
(look a t), p andang : see Ma xwe ll ,
p . 121
Occupation (business) , p eleerj a a n,
(means of livelihood ), p eneha rianOccur
, j adiOce an
,lan tan
Odd (of numb ers), ganj ilOffer a njn leOffice
,ofi s ; (employment), p egangan
fficer, p egawai
Officia l, p enj awa t
Often,sa - la la
,lerap Ieal i
Oil , minya le
Old (aged), ta ah ; of old,deri da
ha la ; how old are you ? brap a
tnan p nnya‘nma r?
Olive,za it
Omelette , dadar telor
Once,sa -Iea li ; once more
,saka l i lagi
One , sa ta ; one another, sa ta sama
la in ; one b y one,sa ta -sa tn ; one
more , lagi sa tn ; in the sense of“people (Fr. on
,German man ),
orangOne -eyed , ma ta sa -blah
Oneself, sendiri
Onion,bawang
Only, sahayn,hanya
104 MALAY MANUAL
Permanent,Ieeleal
Permit bri iain,biyar ,
:
a permit,license
,sa ra t leisen
Perpetua l , yang tia da berkap a ta sanPerson
, orangPerspira tion, p elah
Pestle,antan
,a la
Petition, p erminta -an
Phlegm ,daha le
Pick (flowers) , p etéle ; pick up ,p a nga tPickles
,a ehar
Picture , gambarPiece , sa
-Ieep ing , sa-leerdt
Pier, j amba tan
Pierce,chuchu le see Ma xwell
, p . 120
Piety ,‘ibada t
Pig , ba bi
Pigeon (tame ), merp a ti, (wild) p a na iPile (stake ) , tambnnPillar
,tiang
Pillow , banta l ; pillow-case
,sarong
bantal
Pin , p eniti hairpin, eha cha le sangga l
Pineapple , na nas
Pink,merah mada (pa le red)
Pi e (smoking ), a ncha i, p ip a ; b owl ,p a la ; stem
,ba tang
Pira te, p eramp a le
Pistol, p istol
Pit,lobang
Pitch ga la-
ga la ; to pitch (roll ,a s a ship) , golele
Pitcher,bnyong
Pity belas ; (v. ) belaslean ; whata pity Ieasihan
Pla ce tamp a t ; (v. ) tara h, ba ba hPlagu e , samp ar
Plain p adang ; trang
(clear, e vident)Plaintiff, p engadaPlan (method ) , j a lan (diagram), p etaPlane leetamPlank , p ap an
Plant tanaman , p oleole, tnmba htamba han ; (v. ) ta nam
Planta tion ,Iea bi
’
in
Pla te , p iring , (large ) p ingganPlay (11 . perma inan (game ) , mayong ,wayang (thea trica l ) to p lay, ma in
Please , bri snIea,sn lea lean if you
please sila e.g . sila masnle, please
come in ; in giving orders choba,
min ta a re used like our“p lease
e .g . choba bawa Iernsi, please b ringa chair ; a s you plea se , sa lea ha ti
tuan, mana sa lea tnan
Plough, tengga la , baga lePluck (flowers) , p etelePocket
,leochele
,sa lea
Pocket-b ook ,tamp a t sa ra t
Poetry, 3h’
a‘ir
Point haj ong, (promontory),tanjong , (v. tnnj n le
Poison,ra cha n
, (from the upas tree) ,ip oh
Pok e,chu chu le ; poker, chnehnle ap i
Pole,Iea ,ga (for native b oa ts), ga lah
(of sky), Iea ttnbPolicemari
, ma ta ma ta ; police-sta
tion,lock up , rnmahp a sang
Po lite, ba stari, ada b, sop a n
Pomegranate , da limaPond
, Ieolam ,danan
Pool (deep pla ce in river or sea ), la bohPoop (ship ), ba ritanPoor
, mes/ein , p ap a
Porch , sa rambi
Porcupine , landa le
Pork,daying babi
Porpoise , lamba- lnmba
Porridge , saj iPort (on b oard ship ) , leiri ; (harb our) ,p ela bnha n
Porter (carrier), lea li, (at a ga te ) ,p ena ngga p inta
Portuga l , negri Porta gis; a Portu
gu ese , ora ng P ortugis
Possess,amp a nya
Possib ly, ba ra ngka li ; a da leona n (itis reported)
Post, p os ; post
-office,tamp a t leirim
snra t
Posterior (anus) , ba ritPot (earthenware ), p rin le, blanga ,
(iron or ea rthenware ), Iea a li,
(flower-pot), p asaPota to
,a bi
Pour,tnang
Powder,
serba le ; gunpowder, oba t
bedil ; (m edicine ) , oba t lnma tPox
, small,chachar, Iea tamba han
Prawn,ha dang
Pray, min ta do‘a ; pray for, do
‘a Iean
pra yer, do‘a
Precipice , teiga l
Prefer, lebih sa lea
Prepare , sedia lea n
Prescription m(medicine) , oba t-oba tPresent p embri
’
an ; (adj ada,
ha dlir (not ab sent) yang seka rangini (of time ) ; (v . ) bri
Presently, sa bentar lagi
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
(squeeze) , ap it, (press downe.g . with the hand), telean
Presume (imagine), sanglea lPretend
, p a ra-p a ra , bna t
-bna tPretty, baga s, ehan tele
Prevent, legah, larangPrice
,harga ; fixed prl ce , ha rga
Prick chuchu le
Priest (Mohammedan), imam, (Christian), p adri
Prince, p ntra ; princess, p a tri
Print chap ; printer, ta Ieangchap ; printing office , tamp aprinting
-
press, ap itanPrison
, p anj ara , j elPriva te sanyi ; private parts,
Privy, j amban, p erlindonganProb ab ly, barangka li
Procession , p erara lean
Proclaim (issue a proclamation), bri
Profit,a ntong, la ba , f aidah
Prohib ited,larangan
Promise j anj i, (v.) bery'
anj i
Prone (fa ce downwards), tertiarapPronounce , seba t
,bnnyilean ; pro
nuncia tion,seba tan , ba nyi
Proof,leanya ta
-d a, Iea trangan
Proper, ha ra s, p a ta t
Property (goods and chattels), hertabenda
Prophet, na bi
Proportion , Iea dar ; in proportion to ,3 a -leadar
Prosecute,menda
‘wa
, (accuse) , inda h;prosecu tion , da ‘
wa, (a ccusa tion) ,
tndnhan
Prostitu te , sa nda l , j a langProverb , p ernmp ama -an
Province (district) , da ira , j dj aha nProvisions
,behal
Pub lish (a b ook) , ka la arleanPu ll
,tarsle pull down (b linds) ,
tnrnnlean
Pulse , nadi
Pump , bombaPumpkin , laba
Punish,siksa lea n ; punishment, siksa
Pupil (eye), ana le ma ta ; (scholar),ma rid
Pure (clean) , sa chi, (unadultera ted),tiada berchamp a r
Purple , a ngn
Purpose (intention) , Ieahenda le ; on
105
to no purpose,
Qua il , pny nhQua lity, sifa tQuantity, banya leQuarrel p erbantahan (v.)bantah
Quarter (fourth part) , sa len (of a
town) , leamp ong ; in tha t quarter,
Pu rse, p a ndimndi
Pursu e,leeJar
Push (v . tola Ie, sorongPut
, taruh, ba ba h ; pu t away (putb y) , simp an ; put down ,
leta lelean ;
pu t on (clothes) , p a leei ; put out
(fire , light), p adam; pu t off (defer) ,
tanggn
Quay, baganQue en , raJa p eremp nanQu estion
,sna l
Qu ick,leleas
,chep at
Quicksilver,ra lesa
Quiet (silent) , diamQuill
, bnla ; qu ill pen , Iea lam ba laQuilt
,Iea in selima t
Quit,tingga lleanQuite , sa lea li, not quite , tida le chakup
Quiver (n . terleas
Rab b it, Iewela ,
terwela
Race , bangsa (spo rt) , lambah; horserace , lambah leada
Radish,loba le
Ra ft,ra leit
Rags, Iea in barole
Ra ilway, Iercia ap i , railway station,
p ersinggahan , station
Ra in (11 . t an ; heavy ra in, t
'
an
lebat ; light ra in,haJ
'
a n rintele
rintele ; t'
an
Rainb ow , p alangi
Raise , anglea t
Ra isins, leismis
Rake (garden) , sisir tanahRam ,
biri biriJan ta n
Ra nge (of mountains) , ga nongga
nongan
Rank (sta tion) , p anglea t ; (rancid) ,ha nyir
Ransom (n . tebnsan, (v. teba s
Rapids (in a river) , JeramRare (not common) , J
'
a rang
106 MALAY MANUAL
Rat , tileas
Ra ther (somewhat) , sedikit; I wouldra ther
, sahya lebih s aleaRa ttan
,rota n
Raw (not cooked), mentahRay (of light) , sinarRa zor
, p isan ehn lenr
Reach (arrive a t) , samp eiRead
,ba cha
Ready, sedia , siapReal , betal, sa nggah ; really, sa ngga hnya
Reap (cu t rice ), leetam, tnwei
Reason (cause ) , sebab , (intelligence) ,‘a lea l , badi
Reb el (n . ) yang derha lea, (v.)
derha lea
Receipt, snra t trima , resitReceive
,trima
Recently, baha ru brap a hariReckon (ca lcula te), bilang, hila ngRecolle ct, inga t
Red , merah
Reef , learangReflect (think), fileir ; reflect upon,
Refu se enggan , (trans.)engganlean ; (n . ) samp ah (sweepings)
Regu lar (in order) , tera ta r regularly,sa -la la
Reins, ra s
Relate , cheritra lea n
Rela tives, lea am Iea la rgaRelease lep aslean
Religion , agamaRemain
,tingga l
Remainder, ba lei
Remedy, p enawar, obatRememb er, inga t
Remind , inga tlean , bri inga t
Remove p indah,
p indahlea n
Rent (n . and sewa
Repair (mend ) , memba ileiRepay, bayar ha tangRepea t , nlangReply (v. ) sahnt, J
'
awa b
Report (rumour) , Ieha bar ; to report,kha barlean ; it is reported , ada
leona n
Request minta
Requ ire , man ,henda le
Reside , tingga l , diam,da da le
Resin ,damar bata
Resist, lawan
Respect (n .) horma t (v. ) harma liwith respect to , f asa l
Rest p erhen tian ; (remainder),ba lei (v. ) berhenti (stop ), baring (liedown)
Restore,Ieomba lilean
,a langlean
Resu lt, ka sudahan , a irnya
Return balile, p ula ng,komba li
Revenu e , ha silRevolver, revolverReward , p aha laRheuma tism , sengalRhinoceros, bada leRib
,tn la ng rnsnle
Rib b on, p ita
Rice (in the husk) , p adi ; (husked) ,beras ; (b oiled) , na si ; (roasted inthe husk), bertih
Rich,lca ya ; riches, Iea leaya
-an
Ride , tnnggang , leend ara , na ile Ienda
Right (correct, prop er), betid ; (notleft) , Ieanan ; to the right, sa
~blah
leanan
Rim, te i, bibir
Rind,
nlit
Ring chinchin (finger) ; to ring(b ell) , gowns
Riot, gemp arRipe , ma sa le ; over-ripe , ranamRise (to a standing position) , bangleit
(from b ed) , bangun ; (of the sun) ,terbit
River, sa ngei
Road, jalan ; main road
, j alan raya
cross road , semp ang j a lanRoast (n . and p ang a ngRob (stea l), cha ri ; rob er, p enchnri
Rock , bata laa t
Roe (fish), telor ileanRoll ga ling,
ga linglean (as a ship), goleleRoof, bambongRoom
,bilile
,kama r; make room,
britamp a t
Root,ahar
Rope , ta li
Rose,mawar
Rotten , ba sa le
Rough (not smooth) , leasapRound (not fla t), ba la t round about,
Row (disturb ance) , gadoh, pergadohan , (line , series) , baris ; in a row,
berderet ; to row (with an oar),
108 MALAY MANUAL
Shake goyang ;
goyangkan ; shake hands,bery
’
a ba t
Shallow,tohor
,chetek
Sham, p a ra
-
p a raShame
, ma laShape , rap aShare bahagian ; (v. ) bahagiShark
,ikan ya
Sharp (of a knife) , taJ'
am, (of flavour) ,
masamShave
,cha knr
She, her, dia , ia
Shea th, sarongShed
, bangsal , pondokSheep, biri
-biri
Sheet, ka in selima t; of paper, kartassa -lei
Shell (sea ) , sipa t ; (nut), ternp a rong ;(b omb ) , p rink ap i
Shepherd , gomba laShield
, p risei
Shin, tnla ng karizayShine , sinar
Ship ,kap a l
Shipwreck , karamShirt, kamej aShiver (tremb le) , yentarShoe , leasnt, sp a ta ; shoemaker,ta kang sp a tn
Shoot (firearms) , p asang bedil ; (with
ng shop-keeper,
Shore, p antei
Short, p end ek
Shoulder, bahn shou lder b lade,
blika t
Shou t (cry out), sera ; (for joy), sa rakShovel , sndok, sekap a ba
Show tnnJ'
a k
Shrill (of sounds), ngaringShrimp , ha dangShut (v. ) tntnp ; (the eyes) , p eJ
'
am ;terta tap
Shutters, p ap an Jindela
Sick (ill) , sakit ; to b e sick (vomit),ma ntah ; sickness
, p enyakit
Sickle , sa bit
Side (of b ody) , ra su le ; (of position) ,sa -blah ; right side , sa
-blah ka nan ;le ft side
,3 a -blah kiri ; .b oth sides
,
ka da a blah ; a t the side of, sa -blah
Sieve , ayak, nyirn (for winnowing
grain)Sift
,ayakkan
Sigh (n . and kanSight (sense of) , p engliha tanSign (mark , token ), tanda ; to sign
(one’
s name) , ta ruh tanda tanganSigna ture , tanda tanganSilent
,diam
Silk , sntra ; silkworm,a la t sntra
Silver, p erak
Similar,sama
,sa -rnp a
Simple (ea sy) , senang, mudahSimply (merely)Sin
,dosa
Since , derip ada waktu ; long sincesndah lama
Sinew, ura t
Sing , nyanyiSingapore , Singap ura , S la tSing le (sole , only) , tungga l ; a singleman
, sa-orang
Sink tenggalam (intrans. )Sir, tuan
Sister, sudara p erernpna n , (elder)
leaka lc, (younger) , adek
Sit (sit down in a chair) , duduk ;please b e seated , sila du duk : fornative methods of sittingMa xwell
’
s Voca bu la rySize
, besar-nya (its b igness)Skin
, kulitSku ll
, tengkora leSky, la ngit
Sla ck (loose , of ropes), kendorSlanting , chondongSla te (for writing on), p ap an lohSlave , hambaSle ep (n . and tidor
Sle epy, mengantokSle eve , tanganSlice sa -hep ing , 3a
-
p a ta ng ; (v. )hiris
Sling a li-a liSlip, gelinchir ; slippery, lichin
Slippers, chinelaSlow , lamba tSma ll , kechil
Smart p edih
Sme ll baa , (v.) chiam ; (senseof) , p enchiam
Smile (n . and sennynm
Smoke a sap to smoke (tob acco),minam ,
hisapSmooth
,lichin
Snail (land) , sip a t’ darat ; (sea ) ,
a namSnake
,u la r
Sneeze , bersin
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
Snore,dengkur
Snow, sa lj , sa lj u , tha lj u
Snuff, tembaka a hidongSnu ffers
, gaming dianSo (in this manner), bagini, bagita ;(accordingly) , sebab itu ; so many,so much
,sa -kz
'
an
So-and -so,siana (Mr. So-and-so)
Soap , sabun
Sofa , kauchi, km sip anj angSoft , lembela, leonbu tSoldier, soldado
Sole (of foot) , tap akSome
, sedikit ; some one,ba ra ng sa
orang sometimes,
ada ka la,
kada ng - kadang ; something , sa
barangSon, anak laki- laki
Soon ,lekas
,sa ben tar lagi ; as soon as
,
serta,sa - telah
Soot,a rang p ara
Sore (u lcer) , p a ra ; (a dj sakit, p edih
Sorrow,duka
Sorry for, to b e , sayangSort (kind), j enis, ma cham wha t
sort ? ap a ma cham ; of a ll sorts,
an ika -anika , berbageibagei
Sou l , j iwa , semanga tSound bunyi
Soup , sapSour, ma sam , a sam
South, sela tan ; sou th-ea st,tang/9am
south-west, bara t daya
Sow (anima l) , ba bi betina ,; to sow
(seed) , ta ba rSpa ce , tamp a t
Spacious, la a s, leba r
Spade , p engga li
Spain , negri Sp anyol ; Spaniard ,orang Sp anyol
Spa rk , ba nya ap i
Sparrow , 19 751022
Speak , chakap , ta tur : see Maxwell,
p . 121
Spear (light), lembing, (heavy) tombakSpecta cles, charmin ma ta
Spe ll (mag ic) ,‘a zz
’
ma t ; (v.) ej a , hej aSpend ,
blanj akanSpices, ramp ak
-ramp ak
Spider, la ba la ba ; spider’
s web ,sa
frang la ba
- laba
Spill , tump ah
Spinach, bag/am
Spine , tu lang blakangSpirit (soul) , j iwa , semanga t ; spirits
(alcohol),‘arak, ayer [was
109
Spit lndah ; spittoon, tamp a tlada /L
Split belah, blahSpoil rosak
Sponge , lumnt (ba nya ) ka rang, sp anSpoon , sendok, sudu
Spread hamp ar, bentang(carpet , cloth) ; (intrans. ) fang/cit(as fire , disease )
Spring (sea son) , rebia,sp ring ; (of
wa ter, ma ta ayer ; [amp a t
(leap )Sprink le , p erchek, rechek, renj zsSpur, p a cha
Spurio us, la nchong , fa lsu (pa lsa )Spy su lu
Square (four-sided ), amp a t persagi ;(pub lic p la ce ) , meidan
Squ inting , j a l ingSqu irre l
,tap e
’i
Sta b tikamStab le (for horses) , bangsa l kuda ;(sta ll , for cattle and sheep),ka ndang
Stag , ru sa
Sta irs,tangga ; to go upsta irs, na ik
tangga ; downstairs, di-bawah ; upsta irs, d i-a tas
Stake (post) , p ancha ng ; to wager,bertarnh tikam
Sta le (mouldy), ba si, (b ad ,of food) ,
ba su /c
Sta lk (of flowers or fruit) , tangkeiStammer
, gagapStamp (postage ), stampStand berd’z
'
ri
Star, bintangStarb oard , kanan
Starch,kanj i
Sta rt (set out), berangka t ; (in a larm ),kefat
Sta rve,ma ti lap ar
Sta te (condition o f life,
rank ),p angka t ; (of a ffairs), ha l ahwa l ;(grandeur), ka besaran ; (kingdom) ,karaj a -an
Sta tion (rank ), p angka t ; (ra ilway),sta tion kreta ap i, p ersinggaha n
Stay (live ) , tingga l ; (wa it), na ntiStea l , churi
Steam ,knap ,
uwap steamb oa t,
kap a l ap i
Ste e l , baj aSte ep cha ramSteer p agang Ieamadisteersman , juru m di
l 10 MALAY MANUAL
Step (of ladder, stairs), anak tangga ;(pace ), la ngkah (n . and v. )
Stern (of ship), baritanStick tongka t (wa lking stick ) ;
Zekat (adhere ) ; sang/tu t (of a
b oat)Sting (n. and singa tStink baa ba sa k
Stockings, sarong kaki
Stomach, p erm, p ru t ; stomach-ache,
sakitp rn t
Stone,ba ta
Stool,bangku
Stop berhenti ;tegak (prevent) , la ra ng (forb id)
Store (shop) , gedo’
ngStorey (of house) , ting/ca t ; upperstorey, loteng
Stork,bangan
Storm,ribu t
Story (ta le ), cheritraStove
,dap u r
Stra ight , trns, lurns
Stra in tap is ; stra iner, tap isanStra it (sea ), 3amStrange , p elik
Stranger, ora ng asing, orang dagangStraw
, j eramiStream (river), sunget
'
, (current),lea rns
Stree t, j a lan , ‘
lebéh
Strength, knwa t
Strike , puku l see Maxwell, p . 121
String , ta li
Strong , kuwa t ; (of tea and the like),kras ; (wind ), kincha ng
Study blaj a rStyle (manne r), cha raSub ject (matter) , p erka ra ; (citizen) ,ra
‘
yah
Sub stitu te , ganti
Suburb s, kamp ong lnar kata (quarterou tside the fort)
Succeed (tak e the pla ce of another) ,gantikan ; (prosper), bera ntong
Such, sa -rup a , sa -ma cham : su ch a s
this,sa -ma cham ini
Suddenly, tiba tiba,3 a knnyong
kungongSuet , lemakSufficient, cha kupSugar, ga la ; moist sugar, ga la p asir
Suicide , bnnuh dzri
Suit (of clothes), p akeian sa - lengkap
(law), da‘wa ; to suit
, j a di, p a ta t
pada
Su lphur, ba lerangSuma tra
, p u lau P erchaSummer
, ma simp ana sSummit
, pu ncha lc, kamunchakSun , ma ta ha ri; sunrise
,ma la hart
terbit ; sunset, ma ta ha rt masuk
Superca rgo , chinchuSupp er, maka n ma lamSup pose , fikir, sa nglca , (imagine a
thing) , sangkaka n
Sure (certa in) , tantuSurf
, p echab an omba kSurprised , to b e , keiran
Surround,kep ong
Swa llow (b ird ) , laga ng-layang toswa llow
, telanSwamp , p ayaSwear
,samp ah
Sweat, p as/z.
Swe ep sap u, gosek
Swe et,ma nis ; swe etmea ts
, manisanSwe ll (waves), a la nSwelling swollen , benglcakSwim
,renang, berna ng
Swing aga nan ; (v .) aynnSword , p edang, golok
Syphilis, sakitp erampuanSyria , negri ShamSyrup , ayer ga la
Tab le , mej a ; tab le -clo th,ka in mej a ;
to lay the ta ble , taruhmej a ; clear
the tab le , a ngka t mej a ; wait a t
ta b le, jaga mej a
Ta ck berp a lp a l (of ships)Ta il
,ekor
,ikor
Ta ilor,ta kang j ahit
Take,ambil ; ta ke away, bawa p ergi;
take care, j aga ba ik-ba ik ; ta ke off
(clothes, hat), buka , ta ngga lTa ll
,tinggi
Ta llow, lama/c ; ta llow candle,dian
lemalcTamarind , asam j awaTame
, j ina lcTanner
,tuka ng sama /c
Tar,minyak ta r
Ta ste (n . and rasa ; (sense of),p erra sa liclah
Ta x,chukei
Tea , teh; (lea f) , daa n teh; (b everage),ayer teh
, teh ; tea -cup , mangkokteh ; tea -
pot , tamp a t tehTeach, aj arTeacher, p engaj ar, guru
112 MALAY MANUAL
Trade bernyaga
Train (railway), trenTram,
kreta a
Translate,sa in
Trap (genera l ly) , p eranglcapTrave l bem
’
ala n
Tray, (wooden) dulang ; (of meta l
and larger) , ta lamTreaty, p em
’
anj ia n , tritiTree
, p okok, p ohon
Tria l (law) , bicha raTrib e , ba ngsa , suka
Troub le (distress) , ka susaha n ; diffi
cu lty), kasukaran to troub le,
susahkan
Trousers,seluar, chelana
Tru e,benar, betal , sungga k
Trumpet, nafiriTrunk (b ox ), p eti, hopp er ; (of tree) ,ba ta ng ; (of e lephant) , bela lei
Trust (have confidence in) , p erchayaakan
Try, chobaTub
,tong
Tumb ler, gla s besar (large gla ss)Turkey, hag/am Bla ndaurn (n . ) gilir ; in turn
,a lternately,
bergilir, berganti-
ganti to turn
round p using ,singhan ; turn over
a lik,
ba likkan ; turn upside down
,ba liklcan
Turtle , p engu ,ka tung
Tusk gadingTwig, rantingTwilight, senj aka laTwine
,ta li kcchil
Twist p u las
Ugly, kurang bagus, j elek (vulg . )Umb rella , p agong1 Unab le , tiada bu lih
Unb utton , membuka
Uncertain , tidah tantu
U n c l e (pa terna l ), ba a s udara,
(materna l) , mama su a ra
Under, bawah undernea th, di-bawah
Underdone (of meat) , kurang ma sa lcUnderstand , mengarti
U n d r e s s, buka p akeian ,tangga l
p akeian
Unequal , ta’
sama
Unexpectedly, sa-ha ngong
-ha ngong
1 The negative prefix un may genera lly b e rendered by tidah, tiad a , ta
Universe ,‘a lam
, bumi clan langitUnjust, tiada beti
’
il,tiada ‘
adilUnless
,hang/a , mela inka n
Unload (cargo ), p unggahUnpa ck , bungka rUnripe , mudaUntil
,hingga , samp ei until now
,
samp ei seka rangUp , a tas ; upon , di-a tas up to
,
samp ei
Upa s-tree
,ip oh
Upright , beraliriUpset ba likhan (trans. )Upsidedown , terba lilcUpsta irs, di
-a ta s, loteng
Urina te,buang ayer kechil, [cinching
Use , guna ; useful,borguna ; usele ss,
ta’
guna ; what is the use ? ap a
guna ; to use, akei
Usu a lly, sedia
Vaccina te, tanam cha cha r
Vain, ka chak ; in vain, sia -sia,chuma
Va lley , lembahVa lu ab le
, berha rgaVa lu e ha rga ; (v. ) nilei (make a
va luation of), indah-ka n (thinkhighly of)
Variegated , berwarnaVarious
,berj enisj enis, berbageibagm,
macham ma chamVary u bah
,
ka n
Vea l , daging anak lembuVege tab les, sagur
Ve in,u ra t darah
Ve lvet, ba ldu ,bludu
Verandah,weranda
,branda
Very, terla lu,saka li
, sanga t ; verymany, terlebih banyak ; very we ll !ba ik- lah
Vest , baj u da lamVictory, j ag/a , IcamenanganVictu als
,mahanan
,rezelci
Village , dusun , kamp ongVine
,anggor
Vinegar, chuka
Visit lawa t ; Vis1ting-card
,sura t
melawa t
Voice,suara
Volcano, gunong berap i
Volume, filia
Vomit, muntah
ENGLI SH-MALAY VOCABULARY 1 13
Voyage ,,fielagaran
V,
u lgar
Vu lture , burong nasar
Wages, gaj 1 , up ahWa ist, p inggang
Wait, na nti ; wait for
,na ntikan
wa it a little, na nti scba ntar
Wake bangun ;bangunkan
Wa lk (v. ja la n, (go on foot), berya lan
kaki ; go for a wa lk , makan angin ,
ambil a ngin ; (ga it), p ri”
ja lanWa lking stick
, tongka tWall (inside a house) , dinding, (outside ), tembokWa nt (deficiency), kaku rangan ; towant (desire ) , hendak, mau
War, p ara/71g
Wardrob e,a lmari
Warehouse , gedongW a rm (natura lly) , p anas, (artificia lly) , ha nga tWa s
,ada (very frequ ently omitted)
Wash,chu chi
, ba sch ; washer-man,
tukang chuchi,dobi
,binara
,tukang
mina ta (Bata via ) wa sh hand
b a sin, p asu chu chi muka ; wash
stand mej a chuchi mukaWa sp , krawei, ta buan
Waste buang wang (money) ;wa stefu l , b uru sWa tch orloj i, j am ; watch-chain
,
ran tei orloj i ; watch-key, kunchi
orloj i wa tchmaker,tukang 7am ;
to wa tch, 7
'
agaWa ter,ayer ; wa ter
-b ottle,botol ayer;
fresh (not sa lt) wa ter, ayer tawar ;sa lt wa ter
,ayer ma sin ; minera l
water,ayer Blanda ; soda -water
,
ayer soda
Wa tercloset, 7'
amba 11, p erlindonganWaterfa ll
,ayer teria n
Wa ter melon,tembikei
Wa terpot, buyongWaterspout, p itting bliongW a v e (n . ombak, gelomba 11g
(breakers) (V. ) lambeiWax
,lilin ; sealing
-wax,la lc
Way, 7a la 1iWe
,us
,kita kami
Weak,lemah
Weapon ,senia ta
Wear (clothes) , pakeiWea ther,ma sim ° fine weather
,
Wea ther-cock, tanda anginWea ve, 11111111We ek
,minggo,We ep , tangis
Weigh timbang ; how much doesit weigh ? brap a bra tnga ; to weigha nchor
,bungka r sauh
Weights (for sca les) , buah timbanganWe lcome slama t da ta ng ;bri Slama tWe ll telaga , p rigi ; (adj . ) ba ikare you we l l ? tu an ada
We ll-done (meat) , ma sahWest, bara t ; north-west
, bara t lau tsouth-west
,barat daga
We t,basah
Wha le, p ausWharf , 7
'
amba ta 11Wha t ? ap a ; what for ? ap a sebab ;whatever
, ba rang ap a , barang gang,ma na mana gang
.Wheat, gandum , tr1guWheel roda
When ? when, bila
Whence derimanaWhenever
,mana ka la
, barang bilaWhere,mana
,dimana
Where fore ? seba b ap aWherever
,ma na -ma na
, barang dima naWhet (sharpen), asah ; Whetstone ,ba tu a sah
Whether,ka lau
Which, gang, which ? yang ma naWhichever, barang ma na, yang
mana ; whichever you like , manasuka
While,sedang ; (as long as), sa -lamaWhip , cha ba lo, chamliWhiskers
,chambang
Whisper bisc/c
Whistle siu l
White, p u tihWhither ? ka-ma na
Who , whom, yang, who ? whom ?
siap a ; whoever,barang siap a ,
barang sa -orangWhole
,sa -genap ,
samua -nya (a ll ofit) ; (tota l) , j amlahWholesa le (of trade ), borong'Whose ? siap a p unyaWhy ? ap a sebab, mengapaWick
,sumbu
Wicked, j aha t
Wide (b road), lebar ; (roomy), luasWife , bini, istri
114 MALAY MANUAL
Wild (not tame ) , liyarWill kahenda lc (desire), wa sia t(te stament) ; (v. ) mau , (intend) ,nan ti (sign of future seeGrammar) .suka (b e willing to , like to )Win (victory) menang ; (money)la ba
Wind,angin ; windwa rd
,d i a tas
angin ; to wind, long/ta r ; wind upa watch
,kunchika n
Window , 7'
111dela , ting/cap (of nativehouses)Wine
,anggor
Wing , sayapWinter,ma sim dingin
Wipe , sap u ,menyap aWire
,kawa t
,dawei
Wisdom (learning) .
‘ilmu ; (sense ) ,‘a lta l
Wish (v. ) hendak,ma u ; (n . ) Ita
kendah°
With, dengan , sam a , serta
Wither,la yu
Within ,di-da lam
Without,di-luar ; (not with), tiada
Witness,saksi
Wolf . gurgWoman ,peramp uanWonder keiran
Wonderfu l , heiran ,
‘aj aib
Wood (timb er), kayu ; (forest) , hu tanWool , bu lu biri- biri
Word p erka ta-an
Work kerja beherj a ; workma n ,
tukangWorld (the inhab ited world) , dunya(universe) bumi dan langit Zinc
,timah sari
1 F . Swettenham , Ma lay Voca bu lary, s.v.
Printed at The Edinb urgh Press, 9 and 11 Young Street.
Worm,u la t, hu la t, chachingWorn out
,
!
burolc
Worse,ku rang bail
s
; worst, torla lata
’
ba ik
Worship (11 . and sembahyangWorth (va lue ), ha rgaWound (n . ) lu lea
’
; (v. ) luka leanWring (linen ) , p rahlcanWrinkles
,leeriit
Wrist, bu leu tangan
Write,tu lis, tu lis sura t (write a
letter), which is more idiomatic
see Ea t
Wrong , sa lah
Yam,u bi leladi
Y e a r,tahun ; new year, tahun
baharu ; this ear, tahun 1111 ; last
year, tahun la 11,d’
l111lu next year,tahun yang da tang ; for a year, sa
tahun lama nyaYellow
,lea ning
Yes, ya
Yesterday, kelmarin ; day b e foreyesterday, kelmarin dahu lu
Yet “no word in Ma lay properly
expresses the En lish yet : has he
com e yet ? is ren ered sudah tiba
kah belum ha s he arrived or not
yet ? In the sense of however it
may b e rendered by tetap i (b ut)” 1
You ,tuan ,
angban
Young ,muda
Your,tu an punya preceding or tuan
alone a fter the noun is thisyours ?
tu an p unya- lea i1ii?
