Tina Amer'

loan ch

genera l hurones, a nd the puhko m

tbeen a nxlously waiting for cor

rec mforma tlon bf a more extensi ve and pa t;

s, In the’

yca r 1844 , by

wea nl ing to Act of Congrescc of the Dislrict Court

est , in the C lerk's Ofli

Now-York .

l'Jnlcrcd I

Lee 61. J . H . Fr

10 Southern D istrict, 0 "

principa l object for which they underto ok theta sk of writing a book

“

fit is not, the usua lexcuses upbn such a n occasion

“

a rewellknbwm'

la nd theymaycla im the

“

benefit ofthem, 1 11 cqrriq

men with“

others .

“

1 file

I fourwork should a ppea r upon exarmna tioiito be in some respects disjointed, .or dispropor

-p

be remembered tha t it has [ £8 11nour object riot -to ma ke our volume so la rge asto put it out of the reach of hundreds whd

might not feel able to purcha seand in so doing we have been under 'the

'

cessity of abridging all its parts . 1 l " I

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get a tolerable idea of the toils, privations, an

d

difficulties through which the missiona ry is

called to pass,while labouringfor the sa lvation

of his fellow-men in heathen wilds ; and we

trust this view of things will lea dthe Christian,

and all the friends ofmissions ,towrestlemore

earnestly with G od in fervent prayer for the

susta ining influences of the Holy Ghost to be

poured out uponhis serva nts andhandrna idens,

while thus, in their isola ted situa tions , they

forego all the blessings of a happy, Christian

home, and spend theirhea lth and lives for the

salva tion of their wretched brethren ; and that

And a s the whitepopulation of that country 1

ha s from the first shared in thelabours of the

missiona ries, a nd a re still sharing"

in their

la bours,we have endeavoured to show towhat

extent theWord of L ife ha s proved effectua l

in bringing them from darkness to light, and

from the power of S a tan unto God.

CHAPTE R 1 11

‘

c‘nArTE a lv

l

CHAPTE R I .

Captain Cook's voyage in the Pa c ific Ocea n—C a pta in G ray , of Boston .enters Columbi a nivcr~8 0mo of h is sh ip’s crew cal l at a nat ive v i lla ge ,the inhabitants of wh ich flee. never ha v ing seen wh ite men before—Vancou

ver vieits

_

tho R iver, and - h is L ieutenan t , B rouglrton, ex loree itCapt. J . Carver's pro '

octed explora t ion of Columbia R iver aw is andC lark’s expedit ion ohn J acob As tor’s trading scheme—Pa cifi

c Ppr

ago 3

CHAPTE R I I .

Pa rt of the compa ny. emba rk on boa rd sh ip T 1 111 for the purpose orestabl ishing a trad ing pa sty—Select a la ce, and it Astor ia—Tho '

l‘

on

Va ncouver’s leland-r assa cre of her crew by the lud ia n'

slawn up by one of the: survivors of the massacre—70 1mm of them a t todea th by the I ndians—S tratagem of M r: M’Douga l to ensuib bimse if andfr iends aga ins t the ir v iolence—Mans ion completed— Schooner fin ished andla unched—New-Yea r celebra t ion , 1 8

De arturo of the la nd expeditiona sa L ou is—M issou ri River—M issour iFur ompaa

-Dan ie l Boon, of K entucky— Mad E lm o—Travel lers a r

r ive at M r. I eury’a post. and take possess ion of huts deserted by him-fl it

pa rty of hunters leave for the purpose of trapping beaver—Man lost— Anr ive a t a terrific stra i t, and encamp—S epa rnte into severa l deta chmentsMcet w ith Indians , and obtain some salmon and a do for food—Mr. Hun tpurchas es a hors e for an old tln kettle—The party a andon the r iveri a nds ' i ll

'

cr from th irs t—Meet w i th another.pa rty who are in a sta te of starvat ion-K ill' two horses to sa t isfy the cra vings of hungerb -Cclebra to New-Yearon dogs and horse flesh—Awh o a t Astori a, and mee t w i th some of the ir oldcam e”: 0 0

i

o c o 0 a 2 6

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of a former expedit ion , who were supposed to be lost—Arriye a tAstor ia— Mr.' A a tor sends an agen t to S t. Pctersburgh— I le dos a tohes a

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CONTE NTS .

CHAPT E R XV .

Mission esta blished a t the Dells— V isited by Mr. J a sonto the United S ta tes—Journeys ol

'

missiona ries—Mes

diens—Dea th’ of Mrs . J . L ee— E scafiof Mr . L esl ie

{rem imminent da n cr—Dcseription of r. D . Lee’s

'

eurney to a nd from

Wa lamct—Ca rousa 9 among the D a l ls—Firc eeta r edieino men—C tr

eums tnnces rela ted, il lustra tive of the cha racter of the Dells,1 5!

CHAPTER XVI .

Mr. D a vid L esl ie ha s cha r 0 ofOregon M ission during the a bsence of

Mr. J . L ee— I l ls house burne -G lorious reviva l of rel igion a t theW a lemet

station—One of the con

verts drowned—Ha ppy dea ths—Dea thofMr. C rus

S hepa rd, a nd e

xtra ct from a letter written by him—Mr. a nd Mrs . Per ins

return to the B ul ls sta t ion—Fa nning opera tions— S ta tement by General

J solemn—Description of India n cha ra cter a nd customs,1 08

CHAPTER xvu.

Account or the “ work of God”a t the Dolls in

— S peoimen of

a n Ind ian pra yer—D a ncing-ha l l used a s a tneeting-house—Prea ching of the

missiona ries; and formation of cl a sses— De tisnt of converts—Csmp-meet

ing—Communion a

dministered to severe hundred lndians— Ana irethe Wa lsmct a ta tion—

’l'

rip to W a lemet’

aml Cheneok— Arriva l of the

Lausanne

with a reinfo rcement to the mission, a ccompanied by Mr. J .

L

CHAPTER XVII I .

Descrip

t ion of the Columbia R iver, d ike, rWhirl eol. in which a pa rty belon in to the I I

engul ed, a nd most of them peris et — lndia n

onethousa nd Ind ia ns ‘

employ a portion oftheir time inThe Casca des— Ind ia n hymn a nd tra nsl a tion,

CHAPTER x1x .

Missions of the

America n a nd a nd others— A monomania c hnrned todeath— In

troduction of a printing press . a nd the publ ica tion ofbooks in the

native ten ti es—Children drowned— Ind ians form a civi l com

lpe

et—Hnd

son Day Compa ny’s express

—Ca tho l ics esta bl ish a mission we S cotchnaturali stsdrowned— Mr. l’amheam thrown from his horse a nd killed—A

body of emigra nts settle in the country, 2 00

CHAPTER XX .

A reinfo rcement to the mission set out from New-Yerk— Incidents of the

voya ge

— Arrive a t the S a ndw ich Isla nds- Occurrences there—Rea ch Astoria—D isa ointed on findingtha t it consisted ofbut three or fo

ur houses

Voyage to a nconvcr—Missiena ries appo in

ted to the ir va rious fie lds of

labour—M a rriage of Rev.

D. L ee— A company of missiona ries a rrive a t

the Del ls— Trip to V ancouver—Dr. R ichmond’s journe

-'

I‘wo of the

missiona ries set out forAsteria—Return ’ to Vancouver noidents of the

j0 11 rn0y, e a s o e o o s l n e 2 l6

I

conr sn'i 's.

efi'

Aa'i'E a xxx.

Account of theDel ls resumed—A cold-blooded murder committed—E nunter w ith Ind ians—M ission family antler t

‘

romsickness—C am meeting—Mr. D .

Lee’s voys o from a nd to the Dells— Joumey to the s lametsta tion— Dea th

.

of rs .Lesl ie—B irth—Ma rriages— Annua l meeting

Burldmg— Rehgtounmeetings—Dea thofMrs . Ja son L ee—Mr. and Mrs . D .

Lee s voya e to and from Va ncouver— E ruption of a vo lcano—V is it toWelamet a ils , and return—Rel igious sta teof the na tives—Rema rka bleconvers ion—Mr. a nd Mrs . D . L ees a il for the United S ta tes,

CHAPTER XXI I .

Voyage ofMr. Frost and family from Vancouver to Astoria—Murderscommi

tted— It trod. of Ind i ans a rrive to protect the settlement— One of

the murderers i s s ot—Another of them ls hun — Mr. Fro st and othersv isi t Mr.

‘

S m ith a t C latsop Pla ins— India n met or a nd her child—Mr.

Frost VisitsWa larnetM iss ion a nd rcturns—Da rberous a ct by the i rid iens

Indren trick- Mmston family esta bl ish themselves— E xtra ct from Mr.

fifistgnfoumel—His la bours among the Indians— S a lmon feast—Indian

CHAPTER XXI I I

C I I E NOOK CANO E .

Mr. Frost a ttends the yea rly meeting a t Wa lamot—MaS choo l— The O regon Institute— V is iters— E xtra ct fromMr.na l- E xplorin exped ition—Messrs. S mith st

’a jenm

Wa lamet— K ifemoolt Indians—Mv. Keno a nd family returnS ta tes— E xtra cts fromMr. Frost's journa l- Arriva l ofvessels— lmmora lityof seamen who visited Oregon—Re“a ctions— Indians obta in a rdent spirits .a nd newer! to murder one a nother— S ome ot

'

the missiona ries emba rk forthe nited S ta tes— Dea th of Rev. J ames O lle - Aw l disaster— Retumof missiona ries to the United S ta tes, a nd cone neien,

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pourstqo eq 0 1 seorad esuourw! eqt pus‘1sa eo tseM - tltloti

out no pentetqo eq 0; si n} erqsnlea some pus‘J eiteeq

‘Jmlo see 10 sertnuenb teen er ; 1mm petnrenbos ewes

f aq‘neeoo oyroe mp ui 989 on mea l sl‘l Bunnoesord

output a re; so‘Jetsfira supsumouax£1111 1 .“ a

ma nda tes nu agreed— emeqos fluiprn t s‘rotsxqoesr trues

—nempsdxo9,1 9K) pus stme

fr—J emu s tqwulog 10 norma l xe potoa fox sneu so T

i s “0—1! ssxordxe‘uetqfia org

‘zusuembrq an pus

“

ti e/rmsq; snare leaner)eueA—eJOq tra in OtlllM uses S uga on.t ea eu eel;qonpn j o stust oqu! sq:‘eflcnra ea tiau a to “no more s‘dtqs srq j O euros—trea t“ egqumloo amineworse“ 30 ‘Aa z g ugutdsg—uneeo a greed out i nefls itoa 991000 nts ideo

°

I‘

tI EI JnIVI IO

Ma e s tro N I sum s

TEN YE ARS I N OR E GON .

la e on the beach , (the v i llage referred towa s tha t ofthe

C renook Indians but a ll the inhabitants fled, exceptthe aged a nd infirm . The kind manner inwh ich thesewere . trea ted , and the presents given them, gradua ll

lured baclt the others, a nd a friendly intercourse toolpla ce.

This wa s the firs t ship, and these the first wh itemen,

tha t those Indi a ns ever saw. They enterta inedva rious conjectures rela t i ve to the vessel when in the

d istance, supposing her to he a floa t ing isla nd , then a

monster of the deep but when they saw the boa t pul ling for shore wi th huma n beings on board , they docided th a t they were ca nniba ls sent by some superiorbeing to devour them, a nd ra vage their country . And

I imagine tha t I now see them a ll squa tting togetherl ike so ma ny frogs, consultin with reference to theirfuture course, in a language a ll a s melodious, a nd iadica tive of a s much intell igence, a s tha t of his frogship.

Capt . G ra y a scended the ri ver a s fa r a s the bay whichbea rs his name to th is day, a short distance aboveA storia . After putting to sea , he fel l in wi th the celebra ted discoverer Va ncouver, a nd informed him of his

d iscovery, furnishing him wi th a ch a rt which he hadmade of the river. Vancouver v isi ted the ri ver, andhis l ieutenant , Broughton, explored i t b the a id of

C a pt . G ra y’s cha rt a scending i t upwa rd ofyone hundred

mi les, rebabl towhere Vancouver, the princi a ldepetof the -I on. I a dson’s B a Company, is new oea ted.

I n the ca rs 1 763 am 64,C a pt . Jona tha n Ca rver,

who ha d ecu in the B ri t ish prov inci a l a rmy , a nd a n

Engl ish gent leman of fortune, and a member of arl iament, projected the enterprise of crossing the eckyM ounta ins a nd explor ing the Ore on, or R i ver of the

West , a s the“Co lumbi a R i ver wa s t ionca l led , to its exit

into the Pa cific . They were to ta ke wi th them fiftyor s ixty men, a rtifieers and ma riners, in order to bui ldforts on the Pa cific coa s t for the ir pro tection, a nd ves

sels for the purpose of prosecuting more extensi ve disceverics by sea but the brea king out of the Americanrevolution effectua l ly defea ted the underta king.

A,

"

TE N vs a a s iN—oitseon.

I n 1 793 S ir A lexander M a ckenz ie crossed thec en

tinent to the Pacific Ocezih, which he rea ched iii la t.52 ° 2 0’ His

'

success once more sug ested the

possibi l i ty of l inking together the tra de of 0th sidesof the cont inent . And a s there might be a cla sh ing of

cla ims between the Hudson’s B ay a nd N orth-westCompanies, the one holding by right of charter, and theother by r ight of possession, i t wa s reposed tha t thetwo compa nies should coa lesce in h is grea t underta king. This schemc, however, proved a borti ve, inconsequence of the long- cherished enmi ty or jealousyexistin between the two companies, wh ich would nota l low h am to l isten to such counsel .I n the mean time the a ttention of the American go

verament wa s a ttra cted to the subject, a nd the memo

ra ble ex edi tion under Messrs. L ewis and Clark fittedout. hese gentlemen, in 1 804 , a ceom lished the

enterprise which had been projected by a rvcr andWhitworth , in They a scended the Missouri ;a ssed through the stupendous a tes of the RockyMounta ins, hi therto unknown to

,t e white man ; dis

covered a nd explored the upper wa ters ofthe Co lumbia ,a nd fol lowed th a t river down to its mouth, where theircountryman, G ra y , had anchored a bout twel ve ears

previously . Here they pa ssed the winter, and had

the plea sure of seein the spot where their hut stood ,on a sma l l river whio entersYoung

’s B a a short dis

tance below Astori a , on the south side 0 the Columbia , ca l led L ewis and Cla rk’s R i ver ; a rid the Indiansha ve often pointed out to me the tra i l by wh ich a angof theirmenwent da i ly from their but to the coa stfibroba bly to look out for vessels. Their but had entirelyd isa ppea red a t

‘

the t ime of my v isi ting the spo t in1 84 2 .

Messrs . L ewis a nd Cla rk returned a cross the mea n

ta ins in the fo l lowing spring. The reports publishedby them of their expedi t ion, demonstra ted the practicability of esta bl ishing a l ine of communica t ion a cross

the cont inent, from the A tlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

lpue uoneflnssautamso;‘rsamerqumloo ami s K| anuue

-

p[sq sq or seam.{usdwos sip JO Bunssur [tarsus V'

ss .1m|s ssrq;.ump prom o i papyrus sq or msrp JQ OUOU pun

‘span

“

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19991 i s‘a roum

‘léfigoom ‘

sasuimd se‘uonosuuos Oll

’

t our! suosrsd someuronponurgo sfispa rxd sqi sa sq 0) sum .ro isv um

°

ssgegsossa .u s tp pun srsuuadtours psprarp sq 01 Kim .rsqio s ip pue

‘Jorsv

uomsodsgp sq; in sq or s tem samus d-

uo

srsrp Burmese siyoad sip 1pm‘ssmqs lenbs psrpunq

13 em;pspyup sq oi smu Kusduloo sui JO users or” ,“

smuop puesnoqt s pam| m0}wa rp srour Jo sounapa ua s/ qowr

‘suui Ana i s

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1 0; sensinbsr some “a pun ‘uonrununwe‘su us

‘suogs

-

ga ord"spoofl

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u; sums S t! a fia uem oi pus‘Kua dmoo mp 30 pea rl sq;

in sq 0; sum se i av arm ‘sslonm 0801 1 or S urproosv

“nine meg mg agreed

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plnoqs“

.ro‘swooaq orpssrfi e e orls pa q oqm suosrsd

{a rena s mp 1 03 pus sea lssuroqi my fiance‘usmsnusfi

mo; sssrp pus reisv armussmsq o zurpsrsws srsm

gusui ssrfie 30 so lemn ‘

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or .rorsV um Kq porosls'

s sum sq uproa r pus Kigqor

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- saneu a semi uawspusfi siqi sV ssxsf-M aN 30

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planed pun la finoq ‘w unsung m m om7.1mm G ILL ‘

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‘Kex‘wsspupxslv um‘sssqz 30 on

“

Asmara sgq poroina uraur. 10 ssrqi pus~‘suos.1 s

ssqi JO [crea se or ssrmrsao-

srq spsuvr -

z ‘

iunosss‘

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swam a rbqi ilon a r rue

wens o zfm saws-m mu .

a;

‘NODf'I

‘

tIO N I S llVf-U i NHL

u am n' 1 f ins-v

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.q J ‘‘

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‘ssusnuur pus i ssrs iur JO qsa l qfiuoaqi .rsqrgs

‘oqm

qnq‘su usi Ki suoneqord .qs tp mo psa rss pa q oqm

‘ssus

qrsdxs pus £15011s 1 0 [a ma ss srsm Kueduioo

i ssm-

quoN s ipJo sqrsls a qrBuouivs ssursplgm sq; Jo

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pus stuefie as end S urmsord K

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Jo ssua usiunos sqi Bunqmqo mun pus tpuuu siq u;

pspuedxs Kuanuuuos qsgqm iuq‘JOlS V a imliq poise!

- o.rd ssgdrsius Mqfirui mp 30 suqmo Jsgrq e s; qong-M ON 01 psiqfigsa}

a i urina l put: ‘

eugq‘

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‘uoweo orursqr limes filesA

'

fiugpss

s.ul sq; Bugmp psissuos s in; s inpmoq uo s qmp|uoms pun

‘

eqi 01 psuns ssgpuuqsrsw qum puu‘sond

a s pus sruswssropusr qum msurqsqqstss unzur sunorqroA

-msN urea} Kusnuut; iuss sq or sum diqs V'

souuusisns sq slur- sp soua qi pun

‘1ugod sup 0; ORIOAUOJ

'

ppiom‘1sa os sq;

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‘ spt m'

uuipuI sqi "a a L°

sqsodsp 30 sea l S lllt or‘ssfimioa .q sr t j O spsssord sqi

qigm‘urmsr pun

{issos rssm-

queuom uole us‘guesses

slqemom; i s‘spsn or

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‘osle

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°

ps

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ureur sq; urea; ssqddns .q sqt mnrp pluem sisod sssq]

t susrpul s ip qigm spun or‘ciquuqoo sq; Jo sinuous

h ernqrn sqq (a no pun (rousing am a t poqsqqmss

sq pluom srso .i orrsJuI uodsp .ro ssnoq fiugprm JONOsqi pspuuo; sq or sem si sqm

‘rsna r0 111 30 qmour sqi p t

‘srqumloo sqi pun grnossrwsqi Buoys srsod Burpen Jo

suq e qsqqs iss or sum sursqss scroisv all,“30 91 111 120}

ursa ofi Burrows] pus suonersossu la}owes Klsnorrssp 10K Klsnogqup

‘

ussq

[sgqm‘ssrrdrs ius msJB erqi pusq lea p

pugsrq qum Burdens? JO‘roisy qesa r uqor umyo

pupa. sq; ornos); pswsssxd nspr sq;Wi lt na qi ssm 11

TE N YEARS I N OREGON .

regula t ion of its a il'

a irs a twh ich absentmembersmighbbe re

presented , and might vote by proxy under. certa in

speci ied condi tions.

The a ssocia tion, if successful , wa s to continue fortwenty ears ; but the pa rties had ful l power to a bandon an dissolve i t wi thin the first fi ve yea rs, should itbe found unprofi t able . For this term Mr. A stor covenanted to bea r a ll the loss tha t might be incurred ;wh ich i t wa s to be borne by a ll the pa rtners , in proportion to their respect ive sha res.

pa rt ies of the second pa rtwere to execute fa i thful ly such dut ies a s might be a ssigned to them by a

majori ty of thecompany on the north-west coa st, a nd.

to repa ir to such pla ce or pla ces a s the ma jori tyd irect .An a gent, appointed for five yea rs, wa s to reside a t;

the principa l esta bl ishment on the north-west coa st, and

Mr. Huntwa s the one chosenfor the first term . S houldthe interest of the concern a t any time require his absence, a personwa s to be appointed in genera l meet ingto take his pla ce .

S uch were the lea ding condit ions of th is a ssocia tion.

We sha l l now proceed to notice, a s briefly a s“

possible,some of the da ring a nd eventful expedi t ions, by sea a ndla nd , to wh ich i t ga ve rise.

CHAPTE R I I .

Pa rt of the company emba rk on boa rd shig'I‘

onquin for the purpose of

esta blishing a tra dingpest— S elect a pla ce, a n ca llit Asto ria m'l‘

ho'l enquin

a rrives a t Va ncouver's I s la nd—Ma ssa cre of her crew by the IndiansDlown up by one of the survivors of the ma ssa cre—Others of themp

ut tqdea th by the l a dina s— S tra ta gem ofMr. M

'Deuga l to ensure b imse f amfriends a ga inst their v iolence—Ma nsion completed— S chooner finished andl aunched—New-Yca r celebra tion.

I N prosecuting his rea t scheme of commerce and

coloniza t ion, two expe itions were devised by Mr. As

tor, one by sea , the other by land . The fermenwa s

3575 h!ram s ingfi t eom“

out the pas la ,» stdr'

es'

, diamanterequisite or establ ishing . a fortified trad ing

post at the‘

mouthof the Columbiaconducted byMr.H em, was to proceed

'

up the Missso

'

uri , and a cross tha t-“Rocky Mounta ins, to the same

point ; exploring a -line‘

of communica tion a cross thecont inent

, a nd noting the(pl

a

ces where interior tra

‘dingpestsmight be establisheA fine shipwa s provided, ca l led the Tonquin, of two

hundred and ninety tons’ burden, mount ing ten guns,wi th a crew of twenty men. An a ssortment of merchandise, a nd a ll necessa ry sup l ies, were shipped indue sea son, a nd the command of

,

the ship wa s i'

ntrusted to Jona than Thorn, of New-York , a lieutenant inthe United S ta tes Na vy on lea ve of a bsence. Four ofthe a rtiiers were to emba rk inthe ship, namely, Messrs .

M’lgay, M’

Douga l, Da vid S tua rt, and his nephew,

Robert S tuart; Mt‘ . M’Dougal wa s impowered - byMr. A stor to act a s

‘

his proxy in the a bsence of Mr.

Hunt, to vote for him, a nd in his name, on a ny ques t iontha t“ mi ht: come before anymeeting of the persons in

tereste in the voyage.

Besides the pa rtners, there Were“ twelve clerks to 0

out in the ship, severa l of them na t ives of Ca nada , whohad some experience in Indian tra de, whose interestswere to some extent ident ified wi th the company .

S evera l a rtisans were l ikewise to sa il inthe ship, a nda lso a number of Ca nadian -Thus a rmed and equipped, the Tenquin put to sea on the 8thof S eptember, 1 810 : and a s I do not desi to'

gi vea history of the voyage, I wi l l just rema r tha t theTonquin

’

made the mouth of the Columbia R i ver onthe 2 2 d of Ma rch , having, a ccordin to the best history tha t we ha ve of the voyage, orne . up a . veryunplea sant and ungdvernable set of pa ssengersp an

‘

d a

very’

stra ight-forwa rd, st iff, and crusty capta in, . for thespace of about six months . A fter losin two

‘ bo a tsa nd eight men, the Tonquin crossed the er and an

chored in B a ker’s Day. On the'

5th"of Apri l, Mr.

"

sspge'

qlu uo lsssoa'

sq; our;Bugasqwa js srsm

iroqs u u;°

ps;;iuips oslu sum qsgqm‘;s.rg sq;jpsmouo; uoos ma rs .i sq;ouv s leep uo eweso; warp : smuusd Kupusr ‘Kwames

'

sq; o; saopro ou

pea -la ser ugauq pue‘suo

’

da smmetum‘

pssoddns sq 80‘sq0; sense sq; u; a seq; fiuwssrs

‘sun; sgq; re

‘

qswmsq; 30 may o sq;

[pun t ps;ss|80u sun; sures so; i issq

paq estapa snl ;s‘

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31 - 01 ;sodae.i u; nimda s sq; psuopnes paq

.re;av'

.l q uoqq si gssp a Buuusgpug‘supls

a sno da ugp|oq [pusgi j s;ssdsu qum pus‘

psuuuun

poresdde"

lieu°

sj siqs sq; j o sue Kq pspesq‘susrpu

Musm; S ugugawos splsfiuopz sums sense a‘(lOOIS B ;0

exam Aux , pus tumda s sq; q m ‘Aa p j o ama p sq; m‘fiugurow

'diigmouoy sq; no s sfiuaus poqua ;sa gaBu

pi a nfiop zs megsqrns a as sume-si r; pun uouues siq 0; ps-;u!od

‘

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uoos fiugum;s.r pus‘saoqs uo ussq pa q

°

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t spa r; jo ssodmd sq;rej‘

yo aura s ssouus

mousse m sa ves NEH .

l .

un n amed -M a m

a sunfl ssxq; puu si ssqs ssrq; qum a us sq; pummelsqs

°

s.tssqs ssaq; pus L usqsuu; 30 sKsuoa ssaq; qum

;uowdwesus sq; po;nja e sum puu‘Kuq smq sq;

in aoqsue o; ewes pus‘

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pa nien

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;uq; one ou°

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sum ;a eq; ;xsu s iLL upuq .mpss i qm persa es pus

‘sfio; 30 ;unq sq o;

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ssnoq-same ;usuuuusd sq; .103 ssi qd sq; ;no Eupp aui

puuKumu fiuuusls

‘sssa ; umop Bumns qrom

0; ;ss spuuq “a puu‘uopuupssp 30 seeld sq; psqsusr

uoos Aeq;‘rsa gr sq; 30 q;a eni opgm sq; Biqssoro

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u; psuudsp suosi sd uss;x;s pus‘ssodrnd sq; .103 Ares

- ssssu sfiugq; “a qum ps;q sr3 sum qoune; sq;

‘

urdv

30 (pg ; sq; no‘Klfiugprossv

°

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one sq; s pluqqs sfimef) ;ugod ;aq

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on m sq; 30 as;pagans spusgq ;n3q;;u3 um

uusr o; fi inega r

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tpsi spusr sssgu ss .103 pspi umer Kuersqq puu‘

psugaus;

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‘

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sq; psssorssr q ;‘;ueds q umord a ; fla p 9 a s;3v

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-

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qsiqm ;ods u uodn psqsqd uoos sq;‘sroqs ;uq; flu;

.

éqsusx.le;3v

"

qu, sq;Kqqsuqsqo;Buqmsuq

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-

’

q;ilea sq; 31 03 go wema ns prana umpuu juflnoa ‘w

"TE N

ereeoonpress

tha t .the .deeksweref theirm lta tion -the

explosion.1 " 1 A nne,

blown into the a ir,.was made‘gin the surrounding ca

,noes.

.The interpreter -wa s iii

“

the ma in cha ins a t the-

,time of the ex lesion, from which he wa s thrown into

. .the wa ter, an succeeded in gett ing into one, of theecanoes . According to his sta tement, the bay presented a n awful =specta ele . a fter the ca ta strophe.

The inha bi tants of Neweetee were overwhelmedSwi th. consterna tion a t th is a stounding Ca lami ty, which

. .had burst upon tliem in the very moment of triumph .

fThe wa rriors sa t mute a nd moumfnl, whi le the women' and chi ldren rent the} a ir with the dea th -wa i l .

-Th'

eir sadness a ndlwa ilings, .however, were .suddenly;changed into yel ls of}fury a t .the.sight offour ;unfortu

fi nna te .wbite zmenp brouglit captive into the village ?“

L a

¢ma zee wa s permi tted to converse with them, and the

11:0d be thej our bra ve fe l lows who ha d ma de sue i

despera te defence of the ca bin. They to ld him tha tafter ,

they had clea red the ship, and findin i t im cesibleto vet her under way, they determined to

glea ve ier and..en sa vour to effect their escape

“

in the ship’s boa t ; a nd

a s L ewis refused to accom any them, they left him to

his fa te ;who, a fter being a one, determined to revengethe blood of his . shi ma tes by the awfulmethod of de

coyiiig a s ma ny of t is na tives'

on boa rd a s ossible, ~a ndthen settingfire to the powdermaga z ine, andterminating

'

th is l ife b a signa l . a ct of vengeance. How well hesucceede ha sb een shown. The companions ba de;hima la st andmelanch

’

bl adieu, and la bouredwi thmi ligand,

ma in to get out of t i s ba but found i t impos’

sib em“

ibeing overpowered by t ie wind and tide, -:they »

idriven -upon a point of land , where, a fter they ha il fa l lena sleep through fa tigue, they were sur rised .b the I n

dians, and suffered a more pa inful a n protracled dea th .

than their despera te compa nionwho rema ined on board

éilfinorqi org-

punt um p|nom°

i ittum“ 9mpmoqs ‘mq fos'

ugo

t]‘

pa ioldwoo emu ‘apuan"a owpowwooa snorouds ‘

uorsuuw snogp'

ouuuoo a ‘mqtuo;,gip liq‘

pua‘Knnpgsss fiunigwown 1mm

‘

uoga s ;uej urout i s smoqe;9g;

mo 10! a ouo sq rod S mwa r safe/tale ppiOM pue git;

an NHJ.

ua qM°Koa i rdsuoo 0111 u; aq 01 p0n0 tlm | a t “ M

r“

za rqo out 30 para /res pslqwa sse °H 1m “ (L N

'

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stabll ent or inte

known country,

a ssoci a tes, to spend it

her of importancetranspired up to

the

‘

1 8 1 2 . The partners ma de prepa

raNothing furt

which wa s conductl st of J anuary,t ions [or a New-

y

ed a s fol lows : At sum

the colours were ho isted ,wit

a rms an

devoted to games of a

amusements a n

together wi thhr

heir circumst.

a t noon.At sunset

a no ther discha rge ofa rti l lery .

dancing, dcc.

CHAPTE R I ll .

he la nd exped ition S t .Louis—M issouri River

—M issouri-Mnd R iver—Tra vel lers a r

Departure oft

Fur‘om a n

y—Da ni el lloonc, of Kentucky

a nd take possession of huts da serrive a t it r. l em

‘a post ,

pa rty of hunterssa ve for the p

urpose of troppi

rive a t a terrific stra it, and encamp— S epa ra te into sever

Meet w ith Indians , a nd obta in some sa lmon a n

purcha ses a horse f

or a n old tin

suil'

cr from thirsttion—K ill two horses to sa tisfy Arri ve at Asto ria , 0year

on dogs a n

their old comra des .

a rt of this cntcrpr

the afl'

a irs of the embryo est

of the new yea r, let us now turn ba c

k t

t’

an'

d whe ‘were toColtrmbi

m

The e

who wa s] a esta bl ishment at the mbi a R iver. The who leconduct of tha t gentleman proved him to be fa i thfuland uprig

'

ht in his dea l ings amia ble in his d isposi t ion,and very a ccommoda ting ikhis manners Mr . Hunt,a nd his a ssocia te, M ho wa swellski lled in Indian tra de and wa rfa re , a nd who wa s renowned on the

'

frontiei: a s a“rema rka ble shot

,

”repa ir

ed about the la tterpart of“

July, 1 81 0, to Montrea l, the an“cient em orium

'

ofthe fur tra de, where everythin requa‘

site'

fort te ex'

edi tion could beprecuredl HereMgr .Hunt

procured; as a supposed; a sufficient number of:Ca nad ianvzyageurd to answer-present purposes, a nd, ha v

ingla i in a su pl of ammunition, rovisions, a nd I n

d ian goods, smga r ted a ll on boa rd o one of those grea tcanoes a t tha t time uni versa l ly used b

ythe -fur tra ders

for na v iga t ing the intrica te a nd often 0. structed ri vers .

The ca noe wa s between thirty a nd lb rty feet long, a ndsevera l feet inwidth constructed of birch ba rk , sewedwi th fibres of the roo ts of the sprucé

‘

i tree,’

a nd daubedwith resin of the pinc instead of ta r .

‘ Therearg'

é -wa s

made up in packagea ywdghin from ninety toone humdred pounds ea ch, forthe fa ct it

'

yo f tra nsportat ion of,

poi-rages . The ca noe a lso could rea dily be ca rried

'

oii

rné ri’s shoulders .

‘

Bein thus equipped , the ex edition took its depa rturea susua from S t. neart e extremi ty ofthe IslandofMontrea l , tlie-fgiea t sta rting i la ca ‘

of the tra ders’

to

the interior. I n'

-consequcnce o the inefficiencyof hiscrew, and the many obstacles to be overcornet

'

Mr.Hunt d id not arri ve a t M a ckinaw(si tua ted on thei sland‘

of the same name, a t the confluence of L akesHuron if“

and Michigan)unti l the 2 2 d of Julyi i Here'

the party

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

r an v a n s in ons oon.

The one wa s ,Mr.

Elk-l}B

ra dbury, under the petrim

age of the L innean octety, of L iverpool , to ma ke a

co l lect ion of American pla nts . The. other wa s Mr.

Nutta l l . l ikewise a n Engl ishman, who ha s s ince ma de

himselfknown by two scient ific works .

The wife of P ierre D oria n wa s st i l l l iving in the

W a lamet Va l ley, in the yea r1 843 . S he wa s in the

h a bi t ofv is i t ing the miss iona ries a t theWa lamet ; a nd

l ish , a ndwa si t is sa id she could s ea k pretty good E

ng

qui te po l ite in her a dress.

As th is reinforcement pa ssedup the river, they

touched a t Cha rrette, w

nowned D a nie l B oon, of

.

K entucky , lea dingl

ninety- second yea r .

The next morning they

sa ied L aw s a nd Cla rk a cross the men

just accompl ished a voyage a l na ,

in a

three thousand mi les, f

Missouri to S t. L ouis, inthirt da ys .

The pa rty proceeded up h e river, and a rrived a t

Fort Osage on the 8th of Apri l . Here they rema ined

unti l the loth, when the aga in emba rked , and a fter

much exposure a ndha rds t ip they

a rrived a t the sta t ion

near the Nodowa R i ver, where t to ma inbody had be

en

qua rtered during the winter. As soon a s the spring

rams subside Mr. Hunt broke up the encampment ,

a nd resumed his course up theMissouri . The pa rty

now consisted of nea rly sixty persons .

They emb a rked

in four boa ts, and they succeeded in rea ching them

outh

of the Pla tte R iver on the 2 8th ; a nd on the loth of

May they a rrived a t the Oma h a v il lage,

hundred a nd th irty mi les from the mouth

sonri . On the 1 5th ofMay they took

from the v i l lage of the Om a ha s, a nd

. tkm village, ; a nd Mr. L isa , ofwhom wa ha ve a lreadyzmademention;sneem ed a t ntigrea t d istance. A t thisIndian vil lage Mr. not left a fter tnecessa r rev isionswere inade, they took up their l ineof ma re y land ; a nd n the evening of _

the 2 3d of‘

July they encamped-

on the bank of wha t wa s thentermed B igR i ver. ; A t the a bove pla ce they continueda bout two weeks,when they aga inpursued their peri lousjourney . On the 1 3 th of August, Mr. Hunt v a ried hiscourse, and incl ined westwa rd , in hopes of

t‘with three of the party who had been mis~number ofda ys, namely, P ierre Dorion, C a rson, a ndG radpie . S oon a fter the pa rty rea ched the L i ttleMissouri, the three lost ones came lag ing intoythe

“cam“ themselves a nd horses beingworn own b theirWanderings in thewilderness. (And I wi l l here 0 servetha t C a rson li ved to rea ch the Co lumbia in sa fety, and.a fter trapping for . some t ime on tha west r ide, of themounta ins, and residing for a bout three

“

ca rs in theWalametVa l ley, he wa s murdered

rby a n nd ian abouttheyear The pa rty nowpursued their journeywith renewed v igour ; a nd a ftermeetin with pa rt ies ofthe Crow, S hoshonies, a nd Fla theafi India ns, theyrea ched the north branch of the B ighorn R i ver on the

“ 9th of S eptember.After pursuing their journey unt i l a bout the 2 2 d,fe l l in wi th a pa rty of S na ke India ns, fromwhom

” they urcha sed a qua utit of jerked buffa lo“

mea t, wh ich ,in acklitidn to wha t ha been kil led by their hunters,constituted a n a bunda nt supply . A ll things be ing inreadiness, Mr . Hunt broke up camp on the 2 4 th a nda ma rch offifteenmi les over a mounta in ridge broughtthem to one of the head wa ters of the Columbia .

'

l he

pa rty t06k up their l ine of ma rch a long the ba nks of

this river (Hoba ck’s R i ver)unt i l i twa s jo ined by a ri ver

of g rea ter -magnitude : these two unitiii forniedt an,

impetuous stream,-which had recei ved t agnairte of

f a t -“Mad R i ver. v

x

” 3L " r

On the ba nks of the Mad R i ver Mr. Hunt held a

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a emeo

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"rt-m mea ns in o a r-men.

party sent wi th the canoes returned on the rollov

'

ving

day,h a ving found it

impract icable to pursue their on

wa rd journey . A ftcr a li tt le anxious but bewi ldered

counsel,sa ys the a uthor before me, they determined

tha t severa l sma lldeta chments should set off in differ

ent directions ; a nd a fter the necessa ry rev isions were

m ade, the severa l ba nds dc a rted, Mr. ll’l’L ella lt hea d

ing one, Mr . Crooks anot ter, a nd Mr. M’

K enz ie a

third . The fi rst wa s to keep down a long the bank of

the r i ver, the second wa s to retra ce their steps up i t,

a nd the third wa s to s trike to the northwa rd a cross the

ert pla ins, in hopes of coming 11 on the ma in s tream

the Co lumbi a . Mr. I Iunt, win the rema inder of

the pa rty, prepa red ca ches, in which they deposi ted

the ir surplus baggage a nd mercha ndise . After this

work wa s a ccompl ished , which hademployed a bout

threeda ys, Mr.

Crooks a nd his pa rty returned , ha v ing

despa ired of rea ching Fort Henry, a nd determined to

sha re the fa te of their comra des .

A t length two of the compa nions of Mr . Reed re

turned , bringin a lso a discouraging report, in conse

uenee of whio the hope of be ing a ble to prosecute

t teir journeyby wa ter wa s tota l ly a ba ndoned .

The reso ution ofMr. Hunt a nd hiscompanions wa s

now ta ken, to set outimmedia tely on foot . As to the

o ther deta chments tha t had in a ma nner gene forth to

seek their fortunes , there wa s l i ttle cha nce of their

return they would proba bly make their own

‘

way

through the wi lderness . And a s they were yet a thou

sa nd mi les from A stori a , thewinter a pproaclung, a nd a ll

k inds of per

i ls awa i t ing them, they ma de a ll necessa ry

prepa ra tions, a nd

commenced their doubtful journe

eeping along the course of the ri ve

r, where they wouldalwa ys h a ve wa ter a t ha nd , a ndwould be a ble occa sion

a l ly to procure fish , a nd might perchance me

et with

Indi ans from whom they could obta in provisions .

Theydivided into two pa rties Mr. Hunt wi th eighteen

men,bes ides Pierre Dorion a nd his fami ly , proceeded

down the m rth side of the river ; whi le Mr. Crooks

righ ts is:sam ba ,

glz z‘ee

'

n menkept aloon

'

the morningof ..the 9th October tha t the pa rtte

ltet forth on their severa l coursx On the second da a fter the leftMr. Huntfell in wit same I n ia ns,a knife, ga ve evidence

'

tha t'

some ofhad pa ssed tha t way; Here they obtand a dog, a verytimelysup 1 of food . I n the ir re

gress they met wi th more ol

pt e na t i ves , a ll of w om

eha‘

ved ver friendly . On the l5lb of Novemberthey met win more na t i ves, who s

poke ofMr. Reed’s

ty h a ving pa ssed through tha t p a c On the 1 7 th ,Hunt succeeded in purcha sin a horse for an old

. tin kettle, which Wa s _very a ccepts le a s a pack horse,

his ma n being much worn down wi th fa tigue ; and

on the lgth he succeeded in ob ta ining a no ther horse .

He now, by the a dvice of the Indi a ns, a ba ndoned the

river ; but soon had cause to repent the cha nge, as theroa d led across a

‘

dréery'

wa ste, wi thout ve'

rdure, founita in, poo l,

"or stream, in consequence ofwhich their

sufferings were"

extreme, h a ving no wa ter to quench “

their pa tching th irst. The second day, however,broughtwi th i t urefreshing ra in, and the wri ter knows,by ha ving experienced somethin of the same na ture inthe wi lderness of Oregon, a s wi I beherea fter shown,how our way

-worn tra vel ler'

s a pprecia ted this bless ing.On the next day they a rrived a t a bea utiful l i tt le stream

’

running to the west . Here they . a lso fell ia Wi thIndia ns ; here they encamped a nd obta ineddogs from the na ti ves ; a nd here an Ind ia n la idone ofMr. Hunt’s horses, sayilen from him and a s the fa ctMra fl unt rel inquished the horse to thnext da y two of the men were for

purcha se a horse'

: one of them wa swhose poor wife and fami ly th is horse wa s

'

a

t imely a c uisition’

; his wife, a s I ha ve bafore"

s

wa s sti l l_iving in the Wa lamet val ley in the la tter

pa rt of 1 843 . A t the time the a bove h‘

o‘

i'se was

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TEN YEAR S I N OREG ON .

lea v ing S na ke R iver ; and six months had elapsed

s ince their dc arture from the Arieka ra v il lage on the'

Missouri . Tlieirwhole route by land nd wa ter, from

tha t po int , ha d been, a cc

ording to th r computa tion,

seventeen hundred and fi fty- one mi les .

After tra vell ing down the banks of the Columbia for

out sixty mi les, Mr . I-I unt obta ined from the Indians

vague, but deeply- interesting intellig

nee of tha t pa rt

of the enterprise which had preece

mouth of the Columbi a . The Indians spe re of a num

ber of white men who hadbui l t a la rge house a t the

mouth of the grea t ri ver, &c. On the (l i s t of J anua ry ,

the a rri ved a t a fa l l of the Co lumbi a , and encamped

a t h e v i l lage ofWish- ram. Here they ob ta ined intel

ligence of the loss of the Tonquin. They could ob

ta in no canoes in which to descend the r iver unti l the

a rri ved a t the C a sca des,”the la s t ra pid to bemetwit

1

in their downwa rd voyage . Here Mr. I‘I unt ob ta ined

the necessa ry canoes, a nd on the 1 sth of Februa ry

they swept a roundTongue Point,

”and came in s ight

of the esta bl ishment a t A storia . Among the fi rst to

greetthem on their la nding were some of their old

comra des a nd fel low- sufferers, who , under the coudrie t

of Reed , M’L ellau, and M

’K enz ic, had a rted from

them a t Ca ldron L inn.These ha d rea c ted A s toria

nea rly a monthprev iously, and, judging from theirnown

na rrow esca pe rem sta rva tion, had gi ven upMr. Hunt

a nd his pa rty'

for los t . I need no t s

aytheir greet ings

were wa rm a nd cord ia l . When the rrst burst of feel

ing wa s over, thedifferent bands intercha nged a

ccounts

of their severa l wanderings a fter sepa rating a t S na ke

R i ver but to no tice these pa rt icula rswoul d swel l this

volume to too grea t a size . S uffi ce.it to say, th a t the

whole wound up wi th the firing of gun

s,ho ist ing co

lours, fea sting onfish , bea ver, a nd

veni son, a distribut ion

of

grog, a nd a da nce a t nigh t by the

C a na dians.

ha s , a ll the lea ding men of Mr. Hunt’s exped i

ree more ga thered together, except Mr.

t ion were or

y enterta ined but l ittle hope,Croolrs, ofw

hose sa fety the

area vines in onseorr

CHAPTE R IV.

S even ] expeditions depa rt from Astoria—S kirmish with the Ind ia nsArrive a t Olkinagan— S st out on their return to Asto ria— E ncounter comwions of a former ex edition, who were supposed to be lost—Arrive a t

toria—Mr. Astor sen s an agent to S t. Petersburgh—Ho des ntches a

vesse l to Oregon—S he a rri ves a t Astoria—Pa rties go out to esta illsll newtrad ing sts—A band sepa ra te from the ma in body on a journey a cross theRocky ounta ins—Meet four oftheir former companions.who join themTheirhors es stolenby lndians—E ncamp for the winter—Arrive a t S t . Louis .

TRANQ U I L L I TY had preva i led a t A storia .

‘

The aprehensions of host i l i ties from the na ti ves had subsied : indeed , a t the close of the sa lmon sea son, the I n

dians, for the most pa rt, disa peered from the river, sotha t, for want of their a id, t ie A storia ns had a t timessuffered considera bly '

for want of provisions . Therewere some deer a nd some black bea rs to be found in thevicini ty, and elk in grea t a bundance on the a d

'

a cent

mounta ins a nd hi lls but the countrywa s so roug r, a nd

the forests so dense, tha t i t wa s a lmost impossible forany but the Indians to bea t u the game . The quant ity of game, therefore, broug it in by the hunters wa svery scanty, a nd i t wa s frequently necessa ry to put a llhands upon a l lowance. Towa rd spring, however, thefishing sea son commenced— the sea son ofplehtyon theColumbia .

A s the spring opened, the l i ttle settlement a t A storiawa s

‘

in‘

agi ta t ion, and prepa red to send forth va rious exedi t ions . Tire ta sk of supply ing the tra d ing pos t ofRh. D a vid S tua rt, a t Oakinagan, wa s a ssigned to Mr.

Robert S tua rt . Tire seeking out of the ca che, a t_ Ca l

dron L inn, ma de b Mr. Hunt, vva s a ssi ned.

to twoclerks named Russe l Fa rnham and Dona d M’G illes,to be coe

'lrrcted by a guide, a nd a ccompanied by e ight

men, to a ssist in bringing home the goods .

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TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .

by our own government, a nd l ikewise by Count Pa hlen,the Russia n minis ter a t Wa sh ington. But Mr. Astorwa s desirous of establishing a complete a rra t ement

on the subject wi th the Russia n America n Fu Com

under the sa nct ion of the Russ ia n government .

ris purpose, inM a rch , 1 8 1 1 , he despa tched a con

fidcntia l agent to Petersburgh , with ful l powers to

enter into the requisi te negot ia t ions .

pa ssage wa s gi ven to this gentlemanrnment of the Uni ted S ta tes in the John one

of its a rmed vessels, bound to E urope. Mr. A storow des a tched the a nnua l ship, con his

cnera l esign, not ha ving hea rd of tb

itions, but presuming a ll to bewell .a lled the Bea ver, four hundred a nd ninety tons

’burden,a d wa s frei hted wi th a va luable ca rgo . A re inforcement wa s also shipped , consist ing of a pa rtner, fi veclerks, fifteen American la bourers, a nd six Ca nadia nvoyageurs . H is agents being principa l ly Brit ish sub

jects, experienced in the Ca na dia n fur tra de , henceforth

it wa s hi s intent ion to select, a s fa r a s possible, America ns, to secure a

prepondera nce of their influence in the

ma nagement of t i e company , and to ma ke i t decidedlna tiona l . Accordingly , the present pa rtner, who tooKthe lea d in the present expedi tion, wa s a na t ive of the

United S ta tes. Most of the clerlts were young gent]men of good connect ions in the America n ci ties .

Mr. A s tor inst ructed C a pta in S owle , the comma nder

of the Bea ver, to touch a t the S a ndwich Isla nds , i aquire a bout the fortunes of the Ten uin, a nd whethera n esta bl ishment ha d been formed a t ilie Columbi a . I f

so , he wa s to ta ke a s ma ny S a ndwich Isla nders a s theship would a ccommoda te, and recced thi ther. Fromtha t he wa s to proceed to New rchangel, wi th the S Uppl ies for the Russ ian post a t tha t pla ce, where he couldrece i ve peltries in pa yment, return to Astoria , by trad ing a long the coa st , ta lre in the furs a t tha t pla ce, a nd

proceed to C anton.

The Bea ver sa i led from New-York on the loth of

TEN YE AR S lN OREG ON .

October, 1 81 1 a nd rea ched the S andwich Islands witha ny occurrence of moment . Here a rumor wa s

hea rd of the fa te of the Tonquin. Doubtswere enterta ined wi th respect to the success of the former expo

ditions ; but a fter much de l ibera t ion, the ca pta in tooktwelve S a ndwich Isla nders on boa rd , a nd proceeded onhis voyage.

On the 6th of Ma y he a rri ved off the month of theCo lumbia . After firin a nd ha ving been a nswered by tbe Astorians, a flag wa s d iscovered wa ving on Cape Disap o intment , a nd on the 9th the vesselcame to a nchor in a ker’s B ay.

The a rri va l of the Bea ver, wi th men a nd suppl ies,ga ve new l ife a nd vigour to a ffa irs a t A stori a . Two

pa rt ies were immedia tely set t to proceed severa l lyunder the comma nd ofMes

’K cnz ie and Cla rk ,

for the purpose of esta bl ishing posts a bove the forks ofthe Co lumbi a , a t po ints wheremost ri va lry a nd opposit ionwere up rehended from the North-West Compa ny .

Mr. D a vid tua rt wa s to re a ir wi th suppl ies to his

post on the O a kinaga n ; a n Mr. Robert S tua rt wa schosen to hea d a fourth a rty for the a rpese of con

veying despa tches to r. A stor, a t ew-York . In

th i s expedi t ion he wa s a ccompa nied by Mr. M’L ella n

a nd Mr. Crooks . These severa l pa rt ies a ll set off in

company , on the 2 0th of June, under a ,sa lute ofca nnon

from the fortS oon a fter they left A stori a , JohnD ay became insa ne .

H is compa nions saw him ba ck in sa fet to A storia ,0 he died wi thin a yea r. N o th ing thit her of imnce occurred previous to the pa rt ies rea chinga lt-wa l la h , except their cess in recovering the

rifles ofMr. Crooks a nd J ob ay, ofwhich cy had

been robbed on their wa y down the ri ver, beforeobserved . At Wa l la h -wa lla h he pa rty met wi th a

cordia l reception andMr. S tua rt purcha sed a sufficientnumber

'

oi horses for the prosecut iona cro ss the mount a ins . A ll thihe and his l i ttle ba nd mounte

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TEN YEAR S I N OREG ON .

had wel l nigh flown.Not for your l ife ! excla imed

Mr. S tua rt,“

dyou wi ll brin

lgdestruct ion on us a ll

I t wa s Ira r en, when the ma rk wa s so

fa ir.

“ 0 ,Mr. S tua rt ,

”excla imed he ,

“only let me

ha ve one cra ck a t the ra sca l , a nd yet: maykeep a ll the

paytha t is due me .

"

I f you fi re,”cried Mr. S tua rt ,

“ I’ll blow your

bra ins out .”

Byth ist ime the Ind ianwa s fa r out of reach , a nd

hadjoined his men, who were . cam ering oil

”

wi th the

horses, their red flag flying intriump r over the ir head

s .

Thus were our tra vel lers in moment deprived of the

mea ns of conveying themselves or baggage, whi le a

wide mounta in region wa s left for them to tra verse,

region wa s everywhere infested wi th bands of

ma ra uders l ike unto their la st. visitors .

For a fewnromerrts thewhole pa rtyweredishea rtened

a nd disma yed , but the soon recovered their wonted

do , a nd set to wo prornptness to fit them

selves for the cha nge in a ir condit ion. They selected

from their: baggage suc a rt icles a s were indrspensable

to the ir journey , a nd d osited the rest in ca ches ; but

a s they were prepa ring for their

depa rture, the dis

covered two hea r s peering over the edge of a im

pending clilf, which evidently belonged to -India n spies,

who were wa tching the movements of the camp ; and

lest they should enrich themselves with more booty,

by riflirrg the ca ches , they were torn trp, a nd a ll the

a rt icles not needed were co llectedtogether a nd burned .

They now slrorrldercdthe ir pa cks , a nd set off on their

pedestria n wa yfa ring. Nothing but wha t must b

e ex

pected on a journey of sirelr a description befel l them,

unti l they rea ched one of the hea d wa ters of the P la t te

R iver, a nd a fter pursuing i t for some dista nce they

pitched the ir camp for the winter,

it being impossible

to rea ch the Missouri before’

spring, in consequence of

the cold and snow,which had a lready rendered their

journeying very pa inful .I t wa s now the 2 d of November, and the firstwork

TE N .t mltns

Wa s to secrrre provrsrons, then a house, deer- skins formocca s ins , ga rments, a nd o ther purposes ; a nd thesethings were a ll secured in due sea son, for here wereabrrndancc of buffa lo and deer, a nd lerrty of timber.

I n a few da ys they were comforta ly housed , anda bunda nt ly suppl ied wi th a ll tha t wa s deemed necessa ryfor a very. comfortable winter‘s residence . B ut theyha d not enjo

yed their comforts lon

gbefore they were

convinced y the a pproa ch of a n ra pa haywa r pa r ty ,who were in prrrsrrit of a pa rty of Crows who weresa id to be encamped to the north , and who had recent lyrobbed the A ra pahays of their horses

'

and squawstha t their retrea twa s not a very sa fe one. Consequentlythey determined to shift rra rters wi th a ll despa tclr.

Accordingly, on the 1 3 th of ecernber, they bade a dieuto the ir comfortable qtra rters, where for severa l weeksthey had been indulging in.

the sweets of repose, of

plenty, and of fancied secl

iir t A nd a fter a drea ryj ourney down the ri ver, they etermined once more to

set up their winter qrra rters . N evv-

yea r’s day dawned,

when, a s yet, brrt one wa l l therr cabin wa s corn

pleted : the day, however, wa s not permitted to pa ss

uncelebra ted . The cho icest of the q'

a lo mea t wa sforthcoming ; a nd boi l ing, a nd ro a sting, a nd ea t ing, sucha s would a stonislr a ny one tha t ha s not l i ved amonghunters or Indians, made trp the laborrrs of thed ay ;a nd a s a n extra rega le, ha ving no toba cco ,

"

they cut upa n old tobacco po

'

uch , st i l l redolent wi th the potent' herb , a nd smoked i t in token of bro therly love a nd

rrnfndirrg friendship.

The next day they resrrrned their la bours , a nd by the61h of themonth the ca binwa s completed . They soonki l led abrrnda nce of buffa lo , a nd a ga in la id in a - stockof winter . provisions . Here the

ywere ermitted to

rema in in quiet , plenty, a nd lrea tlr, unt i the S th '

of

M a rch , when they resumed their'

ourney.

_

When they a rri ved a t G ra nd I sile, they met with an

O tto India n, by whom they lea rned tha t Wa r had existed for a who le yea r between the Uni ted S ta tes a nd

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TEN Y E AR S I N OREGON .

ingprotect ion from the government of the United S ta tes .

He received no re ly to his requests up to the month

of Ma rch, when re ordered the L a rk to put to sea .

The ollicer who wa s to comma nd her shrrrnk from his

engagement,a nd in the exigency of the moment she

wa s gi ven in cha rge to Mr. Northrop the ma te . Mr.

N icho la s G . Ogden, a gentlema n of probity a nd ta lents,sa i led a s an erca rgo . The L a rk put to sea in the be

ginning o i a rch , 1 8 1 3 .

Bythis opportrruity Mr . Astor wrote to Mr. Hunt ,

a s hea d of the esta blislrmeut a t the mouth of the Co

lumbia ; for he would not a l low himself to doub t of hiswelfa re .

I a lwa ys think a re well ,”sa id he,

a nd tha t I sha l l see you which Hea ven I hope

illgrant. Mr. A . furthe

gra nd , a nd deserves success,

ill meet. i t.” And in view of th ng troubles,

he further rema rked , I f my object were merely ga in

ofmoney,I should sa v , Thinkwhe ther i t is bes t to sa ve

wha t we ca n, a nd aba ndon the place ; I) very

idea is like a dagger to my hea rt.” This extra ct is

sufficient to show the spirit a nd the v iews which seta uted Mr. A stor in th is grea t underta king.

Weeks a nd‘

months pa ssed away wi thout a ny t idingsby which the pa inful incert itude tha t hung over every

pa rt of this enterprise might be dispel led . But a s Mr,

A s tor wa s s it tin r one gloom evennrg a t his window,

revo lv ing over ilre fa te of the Tonquin, a nd fea ringlest something equa l ly a s tragica l migh t ha ve befa l len

the pa rty of Mr. I -luut whi le cross ing the Rocky

Mounta ins , he recei ved a newspa per ; a nd the first

pa ragra rhtha t caught his ey a nnounced the a rri va l

ofMr. r tua rt and his pa rty a t S t. L ouis, a nd a lso tha tMr . Hunt. ha d effec ted his peri lous journey to the

mouth of the Co lumbi a . This gleam of sunshine for

a time dis elled every cloud , and he looked forwa rdwith some rope to the a ccompl ishment ofhis pla ns

.

The course of our na rra t i ve now ta kes us ba ckWa l la h-wa l la h , to the pa rties whom Mr. S tua rt left

r a n r a m s m or'

rrreer'

r.

there, when he commenced his la nd “

across themounta ins to S t. L ouis . The thr left theresepa ra ted from ea ch other so S tua rt’s de

pa rture. Mr. D a vid S t a rt proceeded wi th his men tois post a t the mouth 0 the Oakinagon.

nislred this wi th eeds ammuni tion, re proceededthree hundred mi es up tha t ri ver, where Ire establ ished another est. Mr. Cla rk conducted his l i t tle ha ndup L ewis liiiver to the mouth of a sma l l stream coming in from the north , ca l led , by the Ca na dians, Fa vien.

Here he found encampment of N ez Perce’

s,‘

P ierced- nose India ns, whose cha ra cter wi l l be spok

of herea fter. Here Mr. Cla rk la id up his boa ts inshel tered pla ce under the, promised retect ion of theN ez Percé chief, prrrcha scd horses fiom the Indians

,a nd proceeded oss h i ll a nd da le '

until he a rrived a ta pornt of la nd where the

-Po inted Hea rt and S pokenRrvers meet; Here he established a tra ding post,

'

andhere

'

we lea ve him for the present .Mr. M’

K cnz ie, who wa s a t the_hea d of the third

pa rty, na viga ted for some days up the south bra nch ofthe Co lumbia , commenl ca lled L ewis R iver, in.honouro f the fi rst explorer.

- I a ving a rrived a t the mouth ofthe S ha ha pta n, he a scended i t some distance, andesta bl ished his tra din pest u on its ba nks . He nowdeta ched a sma l l ba n under t re comma nd ‘

efMr. JohnRood

'

le vis it the ca ches ma de by Mr. Hunt a t Ca ldroriL inn, a nd to bring the contents to but es t ; a s he depended ia some mea sure on them forhis supp

l ies ofgoods a mmuni tion. They had not been gone a

week , when two India ns a rrrved of the Pa l la ta a l latribe, who l i ver] upon a river of the same name .

T 680communicated the unwelcome intel l igence tha t theca ches had been robbed . They sa id tha t some of theirtribe had, in the course of the preceding spr

ing, beena cross themounta ins, which sepa ra ted them from S na keR i ver, a nd had tra ded horses wi th the S nakes inexcha nge for bla nkets, robes, and other goods ; tha tthese a rt icles the S na kes had procured from ca ches to

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TE N YE AR S IN OREGON .

‘

The resolution a nnounced in these letters wa s te°

ected by both Cla rk a nd S tua rt, a nd the des ign oflVl’D euga l to aba ndon a n enterprise of nrrrch cost

a nd promise, on the fi rst d ifficulty, they consideredbetlr ra sh a nd prrsilla nirnorrs . They ma de a ra nge

meuts, therefore, for lea ving the country, but cont inuedt wi th a v iew to the ma intenance of their new and

pros ereus esta bl ishments .

hen the regula r tirrre a rrived when the pa rties of

the interior pos ts were to rendezvous a t the mouth of

the Wa l la h-wa l la h , on their way to A storia wi th theircollectietrs of peltries, Mr. Cla rk pa clrcd a ll his furs ontwenty-eight lrerses, and, lea ving a clerk a nd four mento t a ke cha rge of the pes t, depa rted on the 2 5th ofwi th the rcsrdrre of his force . On the 30th he a r

a t the confluence of the Fa vien a nd L ewis R i vers .

Here Ire found his bea ts, which he in cha r rewi th the Nez Percé chief, in to lera ble repa ir ; butwlri ethe necessa ry re a irs were ma king, Mr. Cla rk’s s i lvergoblet, out of w rich he drank , wa s stolen. This en

raged the gentlerna u to tha t degree tha t Ire threa tenedto h a ng the chief if i t wa s not restored . The succeeding night on Indian wa s caught in the a ct of bea ringawa y a load of goods, who wa s, on the morning following, tried , a nd promptly executed, no twi thsta ndingthe intercessiens a t his friends , a nd the a dvice of Mr.

Cla rk’s own a ssocia tes . This ra sh a ct of Cla rk provedto be very irnpolitic, and wa s strongly censured byMessrs . S tua rt. a nd M’

K cnz ie, wlrem he met a t themouth of theWa l la h -wa l la h , on their wa y down to Astoria . Pursuing their journe in company, they a r

r i ved a t A storia on the l 2 lb 0 June .

About two da ys reviorrsly, the briga de which hadbeen qrra rtered in t reWa lamet had a rri ved wi th numerous pa cks of bea ver, the results of a few months’

trapping on th a t ri ver : these were the first- fruits of theenterprise, ga thered b men who were a s yet merestra rr era in the la nd ; a t which ga ve substant ia l prooftha t t e fa ci l i ties afforded , in tha t country , for the a c-f

TE N YE AR S IN ORE GON .

cumulation ofwea l th were very'

abundant, -a rid tha t i trequired only time

,

plish a ll tha t had b

CHAPTE R VI

a t t o a ccom;

The pa rtners a t Astoria agree to‘

ubandon the country—Action of theBritish and America n governments i a reference to the new settlementMi . M'Dou a l, a t A stori a ma rries the daughter o f a n lrrdia n chiefAnecdota Ire Denver makes herway to China , lea vingMr. llunt on theS a ndwich lela nds—He returns to Astoria—Wreck of the La rk. a nd sufferings ofher crew—The furs and merchand ise belonging to Mr. Aste r soldto the North-West FurCompa ny— Arriva l of a .Brrtrsh sloop of wa r, whosecomma nder ta kes possession of the esta bl ishment a t Astori a in the namehis British Majesty—Treaty

between the United S ta tes a nd Grea tBrita in a s to the occupa ncy of region

— Reflections.

Tnu pa rtners found Mr. M’Douga l in a ll the hustle

prepa ra tion ; ha ving a bout nine da prev iously a rr

na ced, a t the fa ctory, his intentionof ra nking up the

esta bl ishment, a nd fixed upon the let of July for thetime of de a rturo . Messrs . S tua rt and Clerk wereh ighly disp ea sed with his ra sh a nd precipita te corr

drrct, especia l ly in coming to such an important conelusion witherrt their knowledge or consent, when heknew a t the same time tha t their a rriva l could not befa r d ista nt . Indeed , the wlrele cendrrct of M’l)euga l

wa s such a s to, awa ken strong doub ts of his loya l devoét ion to the cause. His old sympa thies with the N orth

'

West Corn a ny seemed to ha ve revived . He'

had re'

ceived M " ‘

a vrsh and his pa rty a s friends a nd a l l ies,who came a s spies to recennoitre the sta te of a ffa irs a tA storia , a nd to awa i t the a rriva l of a lrestile sh ip.

They might ha ve been obl iged to lea ve the groundfor wa nt ofprovision, a nd the Clreneeks wanted only asigna l - from the fa ctory and they would ha ve dri ventlrem awa y a s intruders and enemies . But M’

Dougsl,’

on the contra ry, su pl ied them from the stores ; ofthe ga rrison, and he ga ined them the fa vour of the

Indians by trestin them a s friends. M’Deirga l wa s

sorely‘

disa ppo inte when Ire found tha t Messrs . S tua rt

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

TE N YE AR S I N OREGON .

American establishment, sta ting the va st scope of itscentempla tcd opera tions, magnif ing the strength of7

its fortifica t ions, a nd express i ng t eir fea rs tha t , unless:crushed in the bud, i t would effect the downfa l l of theirtrade .

Influenced by these representa t ions, the British govera ment ordered the friga te t bc to be deta ched a s

a convoy for the a rmed ship, Isa a c Todd , wh ich wa s‘

rea dy to sa i l wi th men and muni t ions to form a newesta bl ishment . The were to proceed together to themouth of the Columbia , ca ture or destroy wha teverAmerican fortress they shou (1 find there, a nd pla nt the

"

Bri tish flag on its rums .

Informed of these movements, Mr. _Astor lost no

t ime in a ddressing a second letter to the secreta ry ofsta te, communica tin this intel ligence, and requestingi t might be la id be ore the president : a s no notice,however, had been taken of his previous letter, he contented himself wi th this s imple communica t ion, a ndma de no further appl ica t ion for a id.

Awa kened now to the da nger tha t mena ced the'

establishment a t A stori a , a nd awa re of the importancef pro tect ing th is foothold of America n commerce a ndmpire on the shores of the Pa cific , the governmentetermined to send the friga te Adams, Capta in Crane,u on this service . On hea ring of this determina t ion,r . As tor immed ia tely proceeded to fi t out a ship

'

ca l led the Enterprise, to sa i l in compa ny wi th theAdams, frei hted wi th a ddi t iona l suppl ies a nd reinforcements or A storia .

About the middle of June, whi le in the midst ofthese prepa ra tions, Mr . Astor received a letter fromMr. R . S tua rt, da ted a t S t. L ouis, confirming

the intelligence of his sa fe a rri va l , and ofMr . Hunt s sa fe a r

r i va l a t A storia , a nd of the former prosperi ty of theenterprise .

This fl a ttering intelli ence a lmos t overpowered Mr

A stor . I fee l rea dy,

’sa id he ,

“to fo l m

knees in transports ofgra t i tude .

”

TEN .YE AR S lN OREGON .

’

A t the same time he hea rd tha t the Bea ver had suc~.

ceeded inhervoyagefrom New-York to - the Columbiathis wa s a n a dd i t iona l 00nd of hope for the welfa reof the l i ttle colony . T e post being thus rel ieved , a ndstrengthened with an American-

a t its hea d , and a shipof wa r a bout to sa il for its protection, the prospect forthe future seemed ful l o f encouragement, andAstor proceeded with fresh v igour to fi t out his mercha nt

_ship.

Unfortuna tely for A storia , th is bright gleam of sun

shine wa s soon obscured . Just a s the A dams hadrece i ved her complement of men, a nd the two vesselswere rea dy for sea , news came from CommodoreCha uncey, commanding on L a ke Onta rio, tha t a reinforeement of seamen wa s wa nted in tha t qua rter.

The demand wa s urgent, the crew of the Adamsimmedia tely transferred to tha t service, and the shipwa s la id uAltliougli th iswa s a most d iscouraging circumsta nce,

yet Mr. A stor determined to send the E a t rprise tosea a lone, and let her take her chance offi nd ing hertmprotected way a cross the ocea n. Just a t this time,however, a B ri t ish force ma de its a ppea ra nce off the :

Hook ; and the port of New-York wa s effectua l lyblocka ded . The E nterprise wa s, consequently, unloaded a nd disma ntled , a nd Mr. A . wa s obliged to comfort himself wi th the hope tha t the L a rk ha d rea chedA storia in sa fety, a nd tha t , a ided by her suppl ies, a ndthe good ma nagement of Mr. Hunt a nd his a ssocia tes,»the l i ttle co lony might be a ble to ma inta in i tself unt i l :the return of pea ce .

We wi l l now return to Astoria ; and here we findMr. M’

D ou a l, a s usua l, engaged in a new project.He had souért the ha nd. ofone of the na t ive rincesses,a da ughter of the one- eyed potenta te omcomly,who swayed his sceptre over the fishing tribe of

“

Chenoolrs, a nd wa s in fa ct the mos t po ula r a nd powa rfa i ch ief ever known U pon the J elumbia R i verfrom the t ime of its fi rst discovery by white men

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NODZHO N I suva a NEH.

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TE N YEAR S I N ORE GON .

in the ca noe to procure help to tow the wreck into herbea r, but nei ther help nor men returned . The nextday ten or twe lve ca noes came a longs ide, but renderedno a id. They a ll now a ba ndoned the ship, got into thecanoes, and reached the land a t no grea t distance . A s

soon a s they touched the beach they were surroundedby na t ives, who strip ed them a lmost na ked . The

name of this inhOS pita lo isla nd wa s Ta ho orowa .

I n the course of the night the wreck came driftin

to the stra nd, with the surf thundering a round her, anshortly a fterwa rd bilged . Tire na t i ves would not a l lowthe seamen to help themsel ves to the provisions whichfloa ted on shore, ne ither were they a l lowed to goboa rd of thewreck . Mr. Ogden made his way to theIsland of Owyhee, an

‘

d endea voured to ma ke some

ra n ernents wi th K amahamaha , the king of the S a ndwic r Isla nds, for the rel ief of his compa nions in mjsfortune.

'

1‘

he king agreed to furnish the crew wi th

provisions during their stay in his terri tories , a nd to t e

turn to them a ll their clothing tha t could be found but

he stipula ted tha t the wreck should be a bandoned tohim a s a wa if cas t b fortune upon his shores . Withthese conditionsMr. gden wa s fa in to comply . Upon

th is the ca t Tomahamaha deputed his fa vourite J ohnYoung, t re ta rpaul in governor of Owyhee, to procowi th a number of the roya l ua rds, and ta ke possess iof the wreck on beha lf of t re crown. This wa s doa ccordingly, and the property a nd crew were remov

to Owyhee . The roya l bounty a ca rs to ha ve bebrrt scanty in its dispensa t ions. he crew fa red butmeagerly ; though , on reading the journa l of the voyage, ir is singula r to find them, a fter a ll the ha rdshipsthey had suffered , so sensi tive a bout petty inconveniences a s to excla im aga inst tl king a s a sa vagemonster,

”for refusin them a st to cook in,

”a nd

denying Mr. Ogden t re use of a' linife and fork which

had been sa ved from the wreck .

S uch wa s the unfortuna te ca ta strophe of the L ark .

Had she rea ched her dest ina tion in'

sa fety, affa irs a t

TE N r am s m ca isson.

A storia might ha ve takena different course.

fa ta l i ty seems to_

ha ve a ttended a ll the expedi tsea , a nd those b

yland were not much less disa strous;

C apta in Nort rrop wa s sti l l a t the S andwich Isla ndswhen Mr. Hunt a rri ved on the 2 oth of December.The la tter immed ia te] purcha sed, for ten thousand dolla rs, a brig ca l led the edla r, a nd prrt C apta in N orthropin comma nd of her . They set sa i l for A storia on the

2 2 d of J a nua ry, intending to remove the ropert fromthence to the Russian settlements on t e nort r-westcoa st, to prevent i t from fa l l ing into the hands of theBri t ish . S uch were the’orders of Mr. A stor sent outby the L a rk .

We wi l l now lea ve Mr. Hunt on his voyage, andturn to see wha t ha s ta ken pla ce a t torra da ring hisa bsence . On the 2 d of October, a bout fi ve weeks aMr; Hunt had sa i led in the A lba tross from A storia , Mr .

M’K enz ie set off with two canoes and

'

twelve'

mén for

the posts ofMessrs . S tua rt a nd Cla rk, to appriz'

e themof the new a rra ngements determined upon to the secretconference of the pa rtners a t the factory .

He had not a scended the river a hundred mi leswhenhe met a s ua dron of canoes sweeping merri lydown under ritish colorrrs, the Cana dia n oa rsmen, a s

usua l , in ful l song. This proved to‘ be a n ertpedition

fi tted out by Mr. M’Ta vish, with Mr. S tria rt

,

‘

another

pa rtner of the North-We Company , and a numberof clerks . They had hea rd of the Phoebe a nd theI dea s Todd being on the high sea s

, a nd were on theirway to awa i t their a rri va l . I n one of the ca noes Mr.Cla rk came pa ssenger, the a la rming intell igence ha vingbrough t him down from his post on the S poka n.

M K euz ie determined to return to Astori a with them‘

.

S o, veering a bout, the two pa rties camped togetherfoi'

the night. The lea ders, of course, observed a .

duede

corum ; but some of the suba l terns could not restra intheir chuckling exul ta t ion, boa stin tha tsoon pla nt the Bri tish standa rd t 0 wa l la nd drive the Americans out of the country . I n a

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'

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TEN YEAR S IN ORE GON .

cents, though wertlr five dol la rs ; sea odor" of twel vedo l la rs, worth from forty- fi ve to sixty dol la rs ; and forsevera l k inds of furs nothingwa s a l lowed . Tl e goodsa nd merchandise for the India n tra de ought to ha vebrought three t imes the amount forwh ich theywere sold .

The N orth-West Compa ny a lso gua rantred to sucha s did not choose to enter into the service of tha t com

pany, a safe pa ssage through a ll their posts in tlrinterior, a nd the a rnouut ofwages due them wa s to bdeducted from the price pa id for A storia .

M’Douga l did not sa t isfy Mr . As tor in reference t

the integri ty of his conduct, in thus a ba ndoning thenterprise, and disposing of the property, a s wi l l appea rby an extra ct from a letter wri tten by tha t gentlemanto Mr. Hunt . Had our pla ce and our property,

”sa id

he, been fa irly ca ptrrred, I should ha ve preferred i t .I should not fee l a s if I were disgra ced .

”

S hortly a fter concluding the a bove agreement,M’Douga l beca rue a member of theNorth-West Com

pa ny , a nd rece i ved a sha re productive of a ha ndsomeincome .

On the morning of the 30th of November a sa i l wa sdescried d oubling Cape D isappointment . I t came to

a nchor inB ah‘

cr’s B ay, a nd proved to be a ship ofwa r;

and, for fea r tha t i t migh t prove to be a n Americanvessel , M

’Ta vish loa ded two ba rges wi th a ll the

ages of furs bea ring the ma rk of the NorthCompa ny, a nd made off for Tongue Point, three mi lesup the river .

In the mean t ime M’Douga l, who sti l l rema inednomina l ch ief a t the fort, on his way to the shipinstructed his men, who were recently in the em

ploy

of the America n Fur Company, to pa ss themse vesoff for Americans or Engl ishmen, a ccording to the

exi encies of the ca se .

he vessel proved to be “ r im" “ M D ” N W !“

Ra coon, of twenty- six guns , um. r: H undred a nd

twent men, comma nded b Capta in B la ck . This

vesse had sa i led from R io laneiro in company with

TE N YE AR S I N OREGON .

the Phoebe and Cherub,'

as a‘

convoy te the. Isa a c ToddMr. J ohn M’

Donald, pa rtner of the North-Wes oméapa ny, had ta ken pa ssage on boa rd of the Flabbe, : topro l i t by the anticipa ted ca t a strophe A storia a

But'

a s the convo had been. sepa ra ted by stress owea ther o il

”

C ape horn, a nd a s -nothing had beenhea rd of the Isa a c To dd a fterwa rd, - a nd a s intell igencewa s received of the mischief tha t Commodore Porterwas doin ameng the wha le ships, Commodore H i l l erordered t i e R a coon to the Columbia , whi le the ot er

two went in sea rch of Porter.

The oflicers of the Ra coon were in high spm ts. .

The agents of the N orth-West Company, in instiga tingthe expedition, had ta lked of immense booty to besecured by the fortuna te captors of A s toria .M’

D onald had kept up the exci tement during thevoya e, so tha t there wa s not a l ittleboa r but wa s . ready . to burst ;wi th hopes .

of obta ining sa cks ofprize

-money, nor a l ieutena nt buthis importa nce, if poss ible, more than ever, whendreamed of the trea sures which they would hea r hometo old England , a nd throw down a t the feet of theirwi ves and sweethea rts. Butwhen there is not a suflic ient a l lowa nce made for “

shr inkage,”a s one observed ,

we a re apt to shrink in ourdimensions when we fa i l inrea l iz ing a consumma t ionofour fond a nd long

- cherishedhopes . It wa s so in this ca se wi th the li eutenants 2pand “ middiesfi

’when they lea rned tha t their warlike '

iii};a tta ck upon Astoria ha d been foresta l led by

‘

a snu"3

commercra l a rran ement, a nd tha t their a nt icipa tesbootyhad become ritish prop

erty in the regula r courseof tra flic ; a nd tha t a ll th is ra d been effected by thevery company which had been i nstrumenta l in get t ingthem sent on

'

wha t they now st igma t ized a s a foo l’serra nd . The ca ta in lnmself felt so indignant on finding tha t they ha r been so completely duped and fooled3. -=la ewd men of tra ffic, tha t we may reasonably conclude tha t he shrunk awa y to the common sizeof anordina ry “ J ona tha n.

”

4

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03 193mm“‘

plom a “I

TEN Y EAR S I N OREG ON .

a nd decla red in a loud vo ice tha t he took pessessien‘

ef

the esta bl ishment a nd of the country in tle name ofhis

Britannia Ma'

esty,changing the name of Astoria to

tha t ofFort deerge .

A lthough th is wa s expla ined to the India n wa rriors

a s bein a friendly a rra ngement a nd transfer, yet theyshook t i eir heads gr imly ; a nd could not be persua dedtha t their ancient a ll ies were not all subjuga ted to a

st a te of sla very, unti l they beheld the Ra coon depa rtwi thout ta king awa y a ny pri soners .

As to Comeoml

iy, he no l

en er prided himself u on

his whi te son- in aw ; but, w tencver he wa s a s ed

about him, he shook his head , and repl ied , tha t hisdaughter had a do a mista ke, a nd, instea d ofget t ing a

great wa rrior for a husband , had ma rried herself

squaw.

On the 2 8th of Februa ry, the brig Pedla r a nchoredin Co lumbia R i ver. This wa s the vesse l which Mr .

Hunt had purcha sed a t the S andwich Islands, to ta ke

off the furs col lected a t the factory , and to restore the

Isla nders to their home . Mr . Hunt expressed hisindigna tion in the strongest terms when he lea rned in

wha t manner M’Douga l had disposed of the whole

establ ishment, and determined to make an effort to get

back the fa rs.~As soon a s his wishes were known in

this res ect, M’D ouga l came to sound him on beha lf

oftheNbrth-West Company, intima ting tha t he thought.

the furs might be purcha sed a t a n a dva nce of fi ft per

cent . This overture wa s not ca lcula ted to soot i the

a ngry feelin s of Mr. Hunt , and his indigna tion wa s

complete w ren he d iscovered tha t M’Dougal h ad

a ctua ll been‘

a a rtner of the North-West Companysince h e 2 3d of eeember. He had, notwi thstanding,reta ined the pa era of the P a cific Fur Com any in hi s

possession, a n had continued to a ct a s r . Astor

’s

a cut ;besides dive l ing to his new a ssocia tes a ll

r . A stor's plans 0 opera tion, and co ying his

bus iness letters fer their perusa l ! Mr. unt, with

some difficul ty, obta ined possess ion of the p apers of

TE N Yam s m oa soeu.

theconcern, and brou'

ght the busrn'

ess'

fo'

a clo'

i'

e re

mitted the dra fts of the.North-West Company

’lti‘A sto

'

r'

s favour to him by some of his associates",vVhe

were a bout to cross the mounta ins, , and embarked on

boa rd of the Pedlar on the 3d ofApri l, and ibade a finala dieu to A storia .

The next day, Apri l 4 ih, Messrs Cla rk , M’K enz ie,

a nd David S tuart, a nd such of the A storia ns a s had notentered into the service of the N orth-Wes t C ompa ny,set out to cross the Rocky Mounta ins.

These return a rties from A storia , bothla nd, experienced

)

on the

v icissi tudes, and mishaps,the Odyssey . They rea ched theird

'

estina tien a t difi'

er‘

ent times, bea ring tidings to Mr. Aster of the unfortuna te termina tion of his enter rise .

’

A t the reta rn ef -

peaceh the adj a centcountry, reverted to the United S tates by the trea tyofGhent, on the princip

le of s ta tus a nte balla st; a ndC apta in B idd le was espa tched in the sleep of wa rOnta rio to ta ke forma l repossession.

For va rious rea sons, the most important ofwhiching the supineness ofthe America ngovernment to a ctthe remises

,when so l icited to do so by Mr.

ma e no further efforts to reoccupy A storia .

The B ri tish government soon bega n to percei ve theimportance of th is region, a nd to desire to includei t with in their terri toria l doma ins . A question ha sconsequently risen a s to the right of the so i l , and ha sbecome one of the most perplexing new 0 en betweenthe Uni ted S ta tes and G rea t B rita in. n the fi rsttrea ty rela t i ve to it, under da te of October 2 0th,

_

1 8 1 8,the ques t ion, wa s left unset tled , a nd i t wa s agreed tha tthe country on the north-west coa s t of America,westwa rd of the Rocky Mounta ins, cla imed b eitherna t ion, should be open to the inha bitants of goth forten yea rs , for the purposes of tra de, with equal rightofna vi sting all its ri vers . When these ten yea rs ha dospit a subsequent trea ty, in 1 82 8, extended the

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TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .

tha t the doctor had just sold twenty lots at the a bovenamed price. And howwi l l these cla ims be disposedof if our overnment should recover ful l possessionthere

‘

l by, a ll tha t these individua ls would ha ve todo would be simply to hoist the America n colours,

”

a nd procla im themsel ves American citizens, and then“ they would be a ll right,

”a nd might cont inue 8 agents

of the Hudson’s B ay Company, in ca rrying forwa rdtheir lucra t ive opera t ions st i l l . Thus the rea der mayperceive tha t the country is not only bein dra ined ofRS wea lth by the remova l of its furs a n skins

, a ndwhea t a nd othergra ins, a nd butter, a nd lumber, to E nla nd a nd o ther forci uma rkets, but even the soil i tsegfis being disposed o a nd tha t Ameri ca ns too, inorder to fi l l the a lrea dy overflowing coffers of tha t va sttrading establishment .And a re the gentlemen of tha t company blameworthy

beca use they a re engaged , hea rta nd hand , in this moneygett ing bus iness ? No

,not in the lea st . They a re, on

the contra ry, worthy of ten thousa nd ra ises ; for'

a

kinder and more hospi table com any 0 gentlemen, Idoub t , canno t be found on the robe . N ever wi l l thepoor wanderer be from t eir doors unfed ora nclothed ; a nd their many a cts of kindness bestowedupon the wri ter a nd his fam i ly wi l l ever lay him un

der obl iga tions to love a nd respect them. But, if thereis a ny blame to be a ttached to any one because of thecourse tha t ha s been, and is being, pursued there, a twhose door must i t lie ? No doubt i t must lie a t thedoor ofour government a tWa shington. There UncleS am

" ha s been smoking and doz ing over the subject,l ike his worth predecessor,

” “ Peter S tuyvesa ndt,’

since the time t i a t C apta in B iddle wa s despa tched inthe sleep ofwa r Onta rio to ta ke repossession of A storia .

A nd if, a t any t ime, he ha s been a roused from his sweetrepose , i t ha s only been effected by a hunch from John

'

Bull’s” elbow, reminding him tha t the term of trea ty’

ha d expired , a nd tha t , in order tha t John” might a pi

ply his muck m ice,”a s Bunya n sa id, wi th renewed

r a m s m ea eoort'

.

_the'

rema iningwealthyout of"

thee necessa ry to renew i t. But we

be discussed by able port,(I wi l l now procee to gi ve a

e of the country .

CHAPTE R VI I .

Descri tion of the country- Columbia R iver and its tributa nes—Anfieods— ‘fenconver—Jflultnomsh Isl and—C la tsop Pl a in—Wa lamet R iverand Fa l ls— Va l leys—PIa ins—Produetiveness of the sorl—Olima te—Illa ckfish from fifteen to twenty feet in length—Wha le8 - E pidemicn.

THE whole of the north-west coa st is exceedinglymounta inous a nd rugged, wi th dense forests offir, herrilock , s ruce, whi te-ceda r, cottonlwood,- a sh, elm,

wood ,‘

Ia ck a lder, cra b, N orwa y inc, and a spofma ple , ca l led green-ma ls , or evi l wood ,

”rema rk s

able for its toughness. his is the principa l va riety oftimber to be found on the coa s but a s we pa ss intothe interior, the whi te oak, and wh ite ash, and a veryinferior qua l i ty ma ple, may be a dded to the

a bove ; the white and yel low pine a re a lso to be foundin the interior. The red fir consti tutes the grea tera rt of the t imber in the country, which is a very . in}crier qua l i ty of t imber, being of no more va lue thanour hemlock . I ts

,growth , however, is immense . One

of these trees, the d imensions of which were ta kenby some gent lema n of the exploring ex edi t ion whichV isited the Columbia in 1 84 1 , mea sured orty

- eight feet,in circumference, consequently sixteen feet in d iameter.The fa ce of the country, in

genera l , is very brokem

a nd mounta inous ; a nd ma ny 0 the mounta ins a re of

such a l t itude, tha t, when in the va l ley of theWa lamet,the eve may behold them in every direction, and a s.

1,

" y se a son of the yea r, towerin above the

clouds ; a nd, being covered wi th perpetua snow, theypresent the scowl ing a spect

.

of changeless winter.4

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TEN YE AR S I N ORE G ON .

The Wa lamet Ri ver heads in a bout 4 3° of northla titude, a nd empt ies into the Columbia about ninetyfive mi les from the co a s t ; a nd its direct ion is in enera lfrom south- ea s t to north -west . I ts rca test widt 1, nea rthe Mul tnoma h Isla nd, is l l ha f-mi le ; but a s youend i t, thewid th dnninish The tideflowsi t wi thin a bout two mi les and the cha n-

gis suffi ciently dec to a dmi t of shi ping to the

‘

d of t ide wa ter; a n during the a nnuarfreshets theswo l len wa ters of the Co lumbia set up theWa lamet totha t degree tha t vessels ha ve a scended a s high a s thefa l ls, th irty mi les from its junct ion wi th the Columbia .

These fa l ls a re a bout twenty - fi ve feet in height ;a s before observed, cons ti tutes themost importa nt wa ter

priv i lege in the country. A fter this obst a cle is o vercome, which might be effected by a ca na l a nd locks,the ri ver would be na viga ble for a sma l l- sized s

teamboa t unti l we a rri ve a t Champoeg, which is a l i ttle a bove

the commencement of the Wa lamet settlement, and

a bout twenty-fi ve mi les a bove the fa lls . Above thisthe ri ver becomes shoa l , a nd more ra pid , so tha t, unlcsduring the t ime of a freshet

, this would be the hea d 0nevi a t ion for a cra ft of a ny considera ble size.

T re va l leys, ofwhich the Wa lamet is the most importa nt, const i tute tha t pa rt of the country which .is bestada pted to agricultura l purposes . Thione hundred a nd fi fty miles in length, t sixtymi les wide in the widest pa rt, through which theWa

lamet Ri ver winds its devious way, whose tra nspa rentwa ters reflect the va rious objects on its ba nks a s pera s their origina ls .

e va l ley next in importance is tha t through whichthe Cowa litz Ri ver pa sses . This is a sma l l ri ver tha theads in a bout 46° 30’north la t i tude, a nd empties i tselfinto the north side of the Co lumbia , a bout fi fty mi lesfrom the coa st . On this r iver, which ca n be na viga

ted

only wi th fla t-bottomed boa ts a nd India n ca noes, theHudson’

s B ay ha s a n extensi ve fa rmingestablishment

, mi les from its junctionWit

TE N Y E M'

ts m ottea onu

the Columbi a . This va l ley is considered very-productiv

'

e, a nd of cons idera ble extent .he va l ley of the Co lumbia is of less importa nce a s

a fa rming region, unless, a s before observed, the rugged mounta ins and hi llswere divested of theirma

'

esticforests, and the t of these, even, would be foundunmanageable. This va l ley is a bout fifteenmi leswidein the vicini ty ‘

ofVa ncouver. The other va l le swhichhaVe come under our observa tion a re of sma l d imsasions, being s imply na rrow strips on the ma rgins of therivers a nd creeks which pa ss through deep cuts in themounta ins .

I n iving a description of the soi l, we wi l l commencewi th t rose pla inswhich lie upon the coa st, a t the northa nd south of the Co lumbia . The Cla tsop P la in is ,

"

evidently a lluvia l. When dig ing a cella r, thewri ter

discovered a’

tree, one foo t a n a ha lf in diameter“

, a tthe depth of five feet below the surfa ce of the ea rth;which had la in there sufficiently ion to become ent irelydeca yed, yet preserving its form per ectly. This ent irepla in is com

posed of a l ight- co loured sa nd , covered to

the depth 0 from four to twenty- four inches wi th acomposi tion of sa nd and decayed vegeta t ion, which a ssumes a bla ck colour. I t is not probable tha t this so i lwi l l be dura ble ; but the pla in m its na tura l sta te iscovered with a mos t luxuria nt growth of the bestqua lity iofgra sses, such a s red clover, a species peculia r to tha t

'

:country ; and timo thy, precisely such a s we culti va te inthis country ; a nd a kind of cane gra ss, which grows insome pla ces to the height of from four to

Horses a rid ca ttle a re very fond of i t when youn andin ta ste i t resembles the young sta lks of corn. gn therid e next the ocean, the la in be ing formed of ridgesan va l leys running pa ra ] 01 wi th the ocea n, thc

'

wildpea a bounds, which nea rly resembles the ta re.

wri ter ha ving ma de the t experiment, found them toa nswer a vcrv good subst i tute for green pea s ! Theycome forwa r ea rly, and a re much sought a fter by theca ttle. Ina ddi tion to the above, there a reva rious other

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TEN YEAR S IN OREGON .

t il l ing the ground , and a ttending his flocks, &c. , whenleft the country . There wa s a no ther sett ler between

th is a nd the fa l ls a t tha t t ime , by the name M’Ca ry,

who had selected a hi h rocky promontory, on the

ea st s ide of the ri ver, wlgiere he had made a residence,

in the rea r of which he ‘

sa id there wa s a very good

pla in. Thewri ter ca l led to see him for a fewmoments,in the s ring of 1 84 3 , when he found tha t his Indi anw ife hall

)

, in a ddi t ion to severa l former heirs, just presented him wi th a pa ir of twins tha t the rea dermay discover tha t Oregon is dest ined to be popula ted,even if the s trange Oregon ever ,

”which ha s been

a nd is st i l l raging in the Uni ter S ta tes, should subside.

re next pla ce worthy of note is the Cla ckamusPla ins, qui te a n extensi ve pra irie, or i t ra ther embra cesa number of pra iries, interspersed wi th groves of trees,a nd underwood , a nd the ha zel- nut,

’

which a bounds inthis va l ley, and is the only kind of nut to be found inthe country, unless the a corn ca n be thus denomina ted,which a lso a bounds here a nd elsewhere in the interior.The soi l on this pla in is chiefly composed of

gra vel , and sa nd , a nd is cons idered product ive .

wi ll a l lude to this pla ce aga in when we come to spea kof the missiona ry opera tions . At the fa lls there is butvcr l it tle soi l of a n

‘

kin'

d . Wha t is there is sandy,a nt is chiefly to be fiiund on the ea st side of the river,running down in a na rrow strip, bounded by the ri veron the wes t, a nd by a high rocky rid e on the ea stside, increa sing in wid th a s you desccn from the fa l lsto the Cla ckamus R iver, which descends through theC la cka mus Pla ins a nd enters the Wa lamet a bout twomi les below the fa lls . The wes t s ide of the river, a t ,

the fa l ls, and for some distance a bove a nd below, is

jo ined by a high rocky r idge, where there is but veryl it tle so i l of an k ind . On a scending the river we findthe country onboth sides in its na tive sta te, being clo thed ia its forest dress ; so much so, tha t where once thepopulous India n v i llage covered the ba nk , a nd fromwhence the forest wa rrior sa l l ied forth upon his foe,

TEN YEAR S I N OREG ON:

now the wi l low and the cotton-wood trees hold posses

sion of the spo t, a nd no tra ces .of huma ni ty a re to

seen, except the trophies of dea th, such a s old kettles

a nd pans, which were the property of

'

the former inha

bita nts, eleva ted upon st icks over the

‘

canees or holes in

the ea rth wherein their former owners were deposi ted ;a nd the la st dea th -wa i l ha s long since pa ssed awa yupon the floa t ing breeze .

This is the sta te of th ings unt i l we a rri ve a t a pla ce

on the ea st bank of the river, ca lled the_Bute,

'

two

mi les below Clnnnpoeg, where the Wa lamet settle

ment ‘

roper commences : a nd the s ettlement extends

from t ris, up the ea st side of the ri ver, to the miss ion

saw-mi l l, the distance of twenty- four mi les, which is

one continued pra irie, being crossed a t interva ls by

groves of t imber a nd s treams ofwa ter, uponwhich a re

a lso found a number of sma l l la kes or stagna nt ponds .

The soil.of this pra irie is a deep, strong c la y, pro

ducin abunda nt crops of whea t, oa ts, ba rle pota toes,to lera le corn, a nd ga rden vegeta bles of a l k inds, a nd

pa stures for flocks a nd herds to a lmost a ny extent . The

na tura l frui t of this va l ley is much the same in kinda nd ua lity a s tha t upon the Cla tsop Pla in a nd in its

neigh ourhood, with the a ddition of wi ld cherries, red

a nd bla ck , a nd the thorn- apple . The na tura l flowers

uponth is extensive pla in a re the most beaut iful . tha t

our

eyes ever bcheUpon the

Tua la t in P la ins , which lie to the west' of

the ri ver and fa l ls, there is a lso a settlement, though of

much sma l ler dimensions a nd of more recent da te tha ntha t on the ea s t s ide yet i t wa s in a prosperous s ta te,

enjoying the product ions

-

of a r ich a nd luxuria nt so i l .

And there is a lso a sett lement on the west side of the’

Chumpoeg, in the Chehalim Va l ley,succeed a nd there a re settlers sca t

tored a long on the west bank of the ri ver from thisunti l

you reach the Ya rn- hi lls, opposi te to the first missiona

r

ly est a blishment . From this po int the writer crossed

t re pla in a nd mounta ins to the coa st . A more pa rticu

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TEN YEARS I N OREG ON .

1 84 2 wa s a n except ion to this genera l rule. Never didra in descend in such torrents, and never did a stormcontinue for such a length of time, a s it did there, a tlea st so the wri ter thought, while he spent tha t drea rywinter in lonel iness, a s the rea der W i l l herea fter discover, on the banks of the Columbia ; and he wa s exceedingly thankful whenever he could see the fa ce ofthe stra nger sun, a nd be permi tted, for a fewmoments,to ba sk in his geni a l ra ys . But during the other twowinters which he spent there, the storms from thesouthwa rd would genera l 11 1 0 for from two tofour 11a 8 , a nd then there be intermissions of aweek, 1 uring which the wea ther would be a s

“

plea sant

a s wa s ever en'

eyed during the month of May in thesta te of New-item. The reader wi l l feel saferecei vin

gthe above sta tement a s truth, when the wri ter

a ssures rim tha t on the 2 51I1 of December, 1 840, heplucked a s trawberry blossom nea r his ca bin on

Cla tsop P la in.

here is but l i ttle snow in th is region.During the

winter of 1 840 there wa s a fa ll of snow which msurcd seven inches on the level, but i t did not rema inupon the ground

'

a s m a n days a s i t wa s inches indepth . During the two follbwingwinters of the wri ter’sso

l3ourn there, there

‘

wa s sca rcely enough to

W 3i1e11 the ground . The storms fro southwa rd ,which preva i l durin the wet sea son, a re a ecom sa iedwi th tremendous bibws , so tha t if a wha le or la ckfish gets into the eddy whic 1 is formed by Cape L oo

kout, a t the southern extrem ty of Cla tsop P lam, he is

t sure to come a shore . This fa ct wa s exempl iuring the month of November, 1 840, when fortylr-fi sh came a shore upon the Cla tsop bea ch, mea

suring from tfteen to twenty feet in length . And .iathe month 0 J anua ry followin two la rge hump-ba ckwha les were dri ven a shore in h e same vicinity .

during the winter of 1 84 2 , a pa rt of a wli a le came onshore thiswa s of sufficient size to permi t Mr. S o lomonS mith, my neighbour, to stand in a steeping posture

rsn 110 11 1107111 011000 11 .

wi thin his a bdomen, and‘

cut - out pieces of fa t a s Ia s he wa s a ble to dislodge . These a re t imes of reing a nd fa t l i ving among the Indians, 00 wmore fully appea r. In consequence of the repea tedand protra cted ra ins, the cl ima te, from November unti lMay; is exceed ingly humid, a nd in addi t ion to the ra inthere is a cont inua l va pour a rising from the ea rth, a ndmuch of the time a dense fog being blown in from theocea n; which -renders the cl ima te nu ta ble for persons a fflicted wi th chronic d isea ses . But the intermi ttents, so preva lent in the interior, never origina te here,a nd ca ses of the kind a re unknown in this vicini ty,wi th the except ion of such a s v isi t the interior duringthe preva lence of e epidemic. P leughing can be

doneduring a ny ofthewintermonths, a s a genera l thiand pota toes may be planted in the month ofMa rchI must here rela te a circumsta nce, which wa s, to 1 1s,ui te stra nge ; the next summer a fter the first crop of

eta toes were ra ised on the pla in, my neighbour foundis field being covered wi th young pota to tops, whichproved to ha v sprung from the seeds , or

ples, a s they a re somet imes ca l led , which hinto the ground the preceding yea r.not wha t yield these sponta neous vines produced , a s heleft the country before the next po ta to ha rvest .youn gra ss 011 this pla in is frequently a s fresh , green,a nd orwa rd, on the pla in inFebrua ry a nd March, a s itis in New-York on the l a t ofMa y.

'

A fter the

sea son pa sses awa y, a nd the month 0 May sets in,na ture puts on a smi l ing a spect, an life and vigour

rough every vein of a nima ted na ture .

cl ima te of. the interior is 1

3ui te different in

many respects. A t Vancouver a nd t ieWa lamet,3

dry and ra iny sea sons preva i l , a nd during the ferment}.or dry sea son, i t is, some of the time, say from the lstfiof June unti l S eptember, hot some da ys a lmo

‘

stg

to’ ”

suffoca tion, the ' thermometer ha ving risen to -ii'

ea rlyone hundred do rees of Fa hrenh e it ; a nd . the -nigh tswould be so coo tha t one or two bla nkets were found.

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TEN YEARS I N OREGON .

Wi lks, wa s in the Columbia , - andnumber of tho K illamook cla n to amount to no lmorethan two hundred , wherea s, in th is “

extra ct’? i t ' isestima ted a t four hundred. And the numbers of theDa lls India ns a re underra ted a t lea st one ha lf, Thisla st sta tement the writer ma kes . upo the a uthori ty

.

of a gentlema n who res ided there for the spa ce of fiveyea rs, which embra ced the time when the a bove -momtioned squadron ma de their survo s itr the country .

A nd now, with these very dit erent and contradictory sta tements, the wr i ter wi l l lea ve the world toguess a t the exa ct number of India ns in th a t terri tory,whi he wi l l proceed to give a brief description oftheir cha ra cter, ma nners, a nd customs ; a nd in so doing he wil l ha ve occa si on to refer, once more, to the .

J ourna l of the Rev. Mr. Pa rltcr. When spea king ofthe cha ra cter of “

the Indians of the pla ins or upper“

country,” th is gentlema n sta tes, tha t they a re scru

pulously honest in a ll the ir doa l ia s, a nd lying issca rcely lmown.

” And sa ys, They ea r to sin aga instthe grea t S piri t a nd therefore, ha ve but one hea rt, andtheir tongue is stra ight, and not forked .

”And further.

a dds, “ And so correctly does the wr itten upontheir hea rts a ccord wi th the wri tten of God , tha tevery infra ction of he seventh commandment of thedeca logue,

” tha t is,. the commandment which proh ibi tsthe commission of a dultery,

“ is punished willi severit

lknow not how to a pologize for these missta tements,only by sta ting, which is no doubt the fa ct , tha t th isgentleman not in the countr a suffi cient lengthof time to become a cqua inted wit ) the Indian cha ra cter. With reference to therea ders may judge, whensona l observa tion, a nd from informa tion recei vedentlemen a nd l adies who ha ve resided among thosei tdia ns, tha t the a re both thieves a nd lia rs ; and theywil l a lso judge 0 their virtuous disposit ions, when theylea rn tha t in two instances a ttempts were ma de upon

TEN YEAR S IN OREGON .

white l a dies who resided among them. S urely thesewere virtuous India ns lThis gentleman further sta tes : The Indians west

of the rent cha in of mounta ins ha ve no wa rs‘ amongthemse ves, a nd a ppea r to be a verse them, and do

not enter into ba ttle except in self- defeu a nd then onlyin the la st extremity .

” S ee Journa l , 2 36. Now

the fa cts in the remises lie upon thethe “

tra il.”

row a re perpetua l fe

tween the different clans . I‘

hey do not often come

forth in ba ttle a rra y, a s did the a rmies of the kings ofIsra el a nd Ph il is ti a ; but whenever they get a slycha nce, they ounce upon their foe l ike the pa nther uponhis prey, and

)

a s many of their enemies a s do not fa l lbefore the a rrow, the rifle-ba l l, or the knife, a re dri venawa and sold into perpetua l sl a very .

{he Chenooks who res ide on the north s ide of the

Columbia , in pla in sight a nd hea ring of the wri ter,Wh i le he res ided on the south s ide of

_the ri ver, during

the summer of 1 84 2 , were a t wa r among themselves,and they were not a t pea ce when he left the country .

During the summer referred to, you could hea r themuskets a nd rifles fi ri tg, some da ys, from mornin ti l l

i l l soon be in the condition 0 the

m i t is re orted tha t they contindevoure ea ch other a ll but

ta i ls .

This dispute and consequent wa r a rose among themin precisely the same way tha t the most irreconci la bledisputes a nd extermina ting wa rs ha ve a risen in otherheredita ry mona rchies among their

‘

Christia n neighbours . Chenamus, their ch ief, wa s c a l led upon bydea th to a bdica te the ancient throne upon wh ich Comcomly once sa t in dignity a nd pomp when his whiteson- ia -law bore rule a t Astoria a nd now, a s i t genera l ly goes, his son, the heir appa rent,

” would needsa scend this sea bof ancient honour ; but in this he founda riva l , for a nother sa lmon- ea ter, who perhaps fel t adrop of roya l blood” running through I ns veins, would

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NODEHIO N I S ilVfl A Ma s. ‘

NODS HO N I S llVEI A NEI L

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st out Kua ‘onuta uoqt ta rp posoddns a q or gen st 11apps on

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I N ORE GON .

J ournal of the RE Vs'.Mr

r epresents the Calapooyes'

a s being‘1dividetl seven

persons, who s ask“

the same -language, ra dica l ly, wi thonly a l i ttle di erence in dia lect,

”&o . seep age

- 2 62 ,third.Now the fa ct is th is : there

'

never wa sbut one tribe,of

.Ga lapee as,

.

and of tha t tribe tliere=a reonly a .fewmost. miserab s retrmants left, (wh ich is thecondition of a ll the Indians in .the lower cothese remnants, consisting of but aa re sca ttered over the most pa rt of theWa lamet‘ Va lley, and wi ll not number more than from five: to. eighthundred . To revent mista ke

“

, I wil l here observetha t the Yam- hills, ofwhom previous mention-ha s beenma de, a re a remnant of. this na tion ; wh ich band consists of two or three fami l ies, and is, perhaps, one ofMr. P .

's tribes.

As it'

rega rds the Umbaquas, of whom Mr. P . as sthey a re divided into six tribes i t wi l l be Wa l l ‘the rea der to understand, tha t, iRev. Messrs . J . L ee and G . Hinesmade a tour throu htheir country for the purpose of selectin a loca tion ora missiona ry post amen these supposbut, a fter pa ssing throng their country from theWa lamet Va l ley, through deep, da rk ra vines, and over high,rugged, a nd precipitous mounta ins, and fina l ly downthe rapid, whirl ing Umbaqua R i ver - to the coast, theyfound a fewmisera ble fish-ea ters, who were a s sa vageTrom among whom, a s

the company’s tra dingpost in tha t regionythe di wire]!to escape wi th the" l i ves for, while -t ere, shehad wa tched their movements a ll night, whi le the missiona ries slept, and had expected an a tta ck .from thembefore morning. The brethrendecided tha t itwas

gxpedient to -esta bl ish a missionarypost inectsion the wri ter niost .heartilyvconcurmdmi awn-fl ew = mm

‘

adorn‘

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neuropusflp Kq‘

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suosrsd psBe-

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‘Ktnssqcampsites louopmusuieuro ‘

suqtteuzxsqto 1mm as ureqr

mosses -m sa ves a ss.

TEN YE ARS I N OREGON .

to be celebra ted. This property is di vided among therela ti ves of the bride a nd a fter the sa remeh —marriage ceremonies, however, ha ve become nea r if notquite obsolete m tlte lower country- the bri egroomrecei ves the bride’s dowry, which is enera lly ofmuch

y him.One girl of the Cla tsop cla n refused to tender hermuch desired hand to a Chenook 0 some rank,a l leging a s a reason for her denia l tha t her rela t iveswould require a very h igh price for her, and a s but little would be given in return, if she conceded to thepro osition, she would be obl iged to work very hard toma lfe her husband’s hea rt

vourable opportuni ty

, she h ithe storm 0 l

9th verseto the close of the chapter.Their su

cperstitions a re a lmost endless and verydeeply roote and a re ma nifested more a nd more a swe become better a c

qua inted wi th them. To enumera te and describe wnch, would requi re a consideraa nd such a description would necess

consequently deem i t our duty to pa sst hy, and proceed to notice those th in s inWi th the h istory, which wi l l be ca lcu a tedto render this work more va lua ble.These Indians a re the most degra ded huma n beingstha t we ha ve met wi th in a ll our journeyings, ta kingthem a s a whole . There is not one among them tha tcan be considered virtuous. And, in conse name ofdisea se, wh ich clea ves to them from their irth, and

TEN YEARS I N OREG ON .

I

our notice.

the -manymurders commi tted among them the are

ra'

idly wa sting away, and t ime is not ar istantw ten the la st dea thWa ilwi l l procla im .their uni versalextermina t ion. It is truly hea rt-rendin to see, a s weha ve, how the “ la st enemy” cha ses t

'

emcra dle to the gra ve.

”

The wi ld a nima ls of thaThey cons ist of elk, deer,la tter, however, does not inhabitthe wolf, sma ll a nd la rge, panther and ca tamra coon and ra bbi t, porcupine, olecet, squirrel a nd weasel, bea ver, otter, both Ia n a nd sea , a nd mounta in

wi ld-fowl may be enumera ted a s follows. Theswan, goose and duck, of every va riety,a bunda nce ; the pel ican, cormorant , a nda bove a re ea ten by the Indians ; the eagle,ra ven, igeon, robin, la rk , swa l low, buzzayel low it'd, and humming- bird ; bes idesof the sma l ler tribes. S o tha t game is very a bundant,espiecia lly in the spring a nd fa l l . jhe forests a nd pla ins a re no more

senting tnan with stores of food , tha nstreams, which a bound in the finny tribes. The Columbin and Fra zier’s R i vers, a t the north , to ment ion no

more, reduce va st numbers of sa lmon ; those of theColum is , however, a re fa r superior to any . others .

Of these thewri ter obta ined one wh ich we ighed 461bs . ,

and th is wa s by no means a ra re specimen. Thesa lmon sea son commences a bout the 1 stcont inues unt i l August . The commonsa lmon is five cha rges of ammuni t ion, or one commoncotton sh irt for ten. The Indians ta ke them in thelower pa rt of the ri ver wi th the seine and spea r

'

. Theseine - is manufa ctured by themselves out of a na tivehemp, a nd the ba rk of a species ofwis a lso their own manufa cture . At tltthem with wha t is sometimes calledspear. Hundreds of

sires a reas soupa lso ‘

uswua srusa es

sdeo 3o rpnos a rp oi sapw uosi3y

o seas nun! sssuedef e

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TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .TE N YEAR S IN ORNGONQ

May, Capta inMcNeil, of the L ama , brough t thesurvivors to Fort Vancouver; and from thencewere, in the fol lowing October, sent to E ngla nd,forwa rded to their own country .From this wreck the writer ha s a beautiful Ch ina

flower ot, a nd a tea -cup, wh ich were obta ined fromthe I n ta ns, ha v ing been in their possessi on sinCe thetime of the wreck .I n the same

yea r eleven J apanese in distress were

in a jun to Oa hu, S a ndwich Isla nds .—Wa s

th is thewe in wh ich the America n continent and theIslands of t re Ocean became peopled ?

epidemic a e, which ha s a lready been .mentioned, a nd ofwhio morewi l l be sa id hereafter,whichha s swept awaygrea t numbers ofthena t i ves, andprovedan annua l scourge to the wh ite man, commenced,a ccording to the best a uthori ties, ia - 1 830. Before tha ttime i t had never been known in the country, not evena single ca se. The Indians a ccount for the origin ofth is scourge in the followin

ganuer. The wri terwi l l

sta te i t just a s he recei ve i t from one of them. A tthe time of its commencement there wa s an American CHAPTE R

vessel in the ri ver, comma nded by Domanis,’

the purpose of tra ding for furs . of course,brought on . a competi tion between Domanis and theHudson’s B ay Company ; and a s the capta in of the

“

,

vessel pa id a h i I) price for furs, the India ns pro‘

fessedto bring him a li

gthe bea ver, &c. But a s the capta in

ave more for sma l l skins tha n the com any, theybrought himall the sma l l ones, and took a l the la r e

ones to the company . But, say they, when Capta inDoma nis became a cqua inted W i th th is fa ct, he wa sh ia s silix,

” tha t is, re'

a t a ngry ; a nd tha t he mightbe revenged on or deceiving

“

him thus, he hungup some bad. sa i l in a tree, a nd then opened , or un

corked , a sma l l v ia l , and let out the ague and‘

feverupon them, which ha s ca rried off thousands, and continues its ra vages sti ll . The wri ter laboured to rethem out of their folly, but i t wa s of no a vail, for t hw

said tha t therewere whites in tire .country,.a t the

t ime tha t told themi t wa s a ll true lAbout this time a gentleman from S d, ,

Mr.Dav id

gins, visi ted Oregon, .ua der the pa tronage of the

L on onHorticul tura l S oc iet for the purpose of scientific resea rches ; a nd a fter f _

li ll in his mission returnedto the S andwich Islands, where e unfortunatel losthis life. S omemore pa rt icula rs connected wit his

dea th wil l begi ven herea fter.The next pa rty of American tra ders which crossed

the Rocky Mounta ins a fter the a bandonment ofAstoria,wa s under the command of Ca ta inW eth, in1 83 2 .

This is the same gentlema nwho ended t eparty across

the mounta inswhenthe'

Messrs . J . and D . L ee and their

a ssocia tes came to siona ries, underof the-Methodist

Causes which induced the establishment of the OregonMissionE

—rbrfiFisk enlists in as favour—Rev. Ja son and Daniel L ee appointed mission

cries—Missionary meetings , in furtherance of the enterprise. held—Nu;J asonL ee cantoBoston to consultw

'

thCapta inWyeth as to the pro riety

if iP

of establis in themiss ions—Messrs . a s set out for the '

wes and a rrlvo "

a t S t . L ouis oine arty,who sta rt forthe RoekyMoun esotlptlo

of. the pa rt a nd 0 their method of tra velling—K en'

s Indiansnv'

antelope—s ufl

'

alo—A companyot'

emigrants a ttacked by Indians. f GT?"

AN event took pla ce tn the year 1 83 2 which direcied

the a ttention of the American churches to Oregon, 188535"

a va st field of benevolent enterprise, ripe for theduction of the Gospel

”

among its benighted inha bita nts"

Four Indians, from beyond the Rocky Mounta ins“belon ing to one of the tribes (for there a re severa l) ,

who ;fia tten their hea ds, robabl

ythe “‘ Nez percé

tribe, _

accompanied some 0 the w rite trap a refromthe,it: irons try down to the city of S t.

‘ oniel , The.

resident Uni ted S ta tes

’"I ndian agent, ‘

General

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

TEN YEARS IN ORE GONs

specia l meeting, in view of the mission, and$3000 to be employed in its first outfit .directed the securing the a ssista nce of twadd eflicienc to the effort ; a nd tha t the riesshould tra ve a nd hold meetin s, a nd ra ise funds fortheir m iss iona ry enterprise rst going south a s fa ra s the capi ta l , a nd then west, to join a compa n

yof

tra ders a nd trappers who might be going into themounta ins the next spring. Previous to this, however,_very deeply- interesting miss iona ry meetings had beenheld in New- I i a vcn and Middletown, Conn. , a t wh ichthe la te depa rted Dr . Fish, of sa cred memory, lenthis influence. N ovember 2 oth, a fa rewel l missi ona rymeeting wa s held in the ci t

yof New-York , in theForsyth- street church . Bp. {a dding presided . Dr.M’

Auley, ofthePresbyteria nChurch, a nd severa l others,a ddressed themeeting. We were now rea d a nd a boutto go south, pursua nt to the directions 0 the boa rd

,when a n event came to our knowledge which causedthe postponement ofour intended journey formore thantwo months. A cntlema n, known a s Ca ta in Wyeth,ha d la tely a rri ve in Boston, Ma'

ss . , win two Indianboys, from beyond the Rock Mounta ins . Thjudged tha t he would be a b 0 to gi ve some necessa ryinforma tion rega rding Oregon a s a field for missiona ryla bour, a nd of the means of rea ch ing i t. This gentlema n, Capta in N a tha niel Wyeth, who res ides now,a s the writer ha s been informed

, in Cambridge, nea rBoston, Ma ss . , crossed the Rocky unta ins to Oregonthe preceding yea r, to e

tplore the country for the

purpose of prospective tra c , to ca rried on b ausmess company formed in B oston, to tra p a nd trybea ver in the mounta ins, and fish for sa lmon in theColumbia . Their plan wa s te send a n annua l sh ipwith suppl ies to the Columbia R i ver, and freigh t herwi th sa lmo a nd furs on her return voyage. Mr. J a sonL ee being directed by the boa rd to roceed to B oston,a nd seek a n interviewwith Capta in y

left New-York for tha t purp ose.

TEN YE ARS I N OREGON .

- The informa tion which”

wa s furnished by Capta inWyeth of the sta te of the Indians inOregon, deepenedthe impression of its importance a s a field ofmissiona ryeffort. The company wi th which he wa s connectedwa s a bout to send a vessel to the Columbia R iver, a ndthus an opportuni ty wa s gi ven us to forwa rd the ne

cessa ry outfi t for the commencement of our missi on.

The vessel w a s - a brig, the Mayda cre, of B oston.

Capta inWyeth wa s to rccross the Rocky Mounta insin command of a pa rty of men in the employ of thecompany the fol lowing spring, a nd we could go wi ththem in sa fet Thus wa s the way prepa red in a

manner entire y unanticipa ted . J a nua ry 2 9th, 1 834 ,Mr. J a son L ee ha ving returned from B oston, we wentto the south, holdin meetings for the benefi t of themission in Philadeip ia , Wi lm ington, B a l timore, a nd

severa l other pla ces, .wi th very encouraging resul ts .

The enterprise found me friends, not only in tha tbranch ofourZion towh ich emissiona rieswere united ,but many others a lso manifested a

'

hea rtfel t interest, inva rious wa ys, to further ti benevolent object .E a rly in Ma rch Mr. J a son L ee left for the west .

The wri ter, ha vin a ttended theB a l timore Conference,followed him on t to lgth. A t P i ttsburg he wa s joinedby Mr. Cyrus S hepa rd, from L ynn, one of the

laymen engaged in the mission. From this city thetook pa ssage to S t. L ouis, Mo . , where thewri ter a rri vin the ea rly pa rt ofA rii, a few da ys la ter. The a scessa ry mounta in, out t had a lready been sent up theMissouri in a steamboa t, in the cha rge ofMr. S hepa rd ,nea r the pla ce where. the compa ny for the mounta inswa s to form, a nd ma ke the necessa ry a rra ngements

previous to the Commencement of the

°

ourney. Mr.

a son L ee and myself proceeded to Independence on

horseba ck . This is on the western border of the sta te,and thepoint of depa rture whence ma ny a

_pa rty'

offurtraders a nd mounta trappers ha ve set off on

‘

theirha za rdous adventures. A layman,Mr. P . L . E dwa rds,of R ichmond , nea r Independence, wa s a dded to the

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S rrrseereur‘requi an

ram ru ns in ens-eon.

soi l . It is a kind of rol l ing pra irie, in some parts.

thinly wooded wi th oak, a nd, a long its rivulets, fringedwi th the cotton-wood or ba lm of G i lea d .The Rauza s India ns a re rema rka ble for sha vingtheir hea ds : otherwise they ha ve fine forms theirforehea ds, in a rticula r, a re h igh a nd wel l devei o ed.

We enca rrrpedpa night nea r one of their vi llages, w rere

we were grea tly annoyed by their ra venous dogs, wh ichwere a ttra cted to our tents by the hope of a ood mea la t our expense . They were but too success ui, for thenext morning we found they had robbed us of a la rgesha re of our ba con, for wh ich we could get no sa tis

L ea v ing the K anz a swe rea ched thePla tte in thirteenda ys, pa st the middle of May, and pursued our courseon the south side above the junction of the Forks . TheP la tte, a s its name impl ies, rs ver sha l low, and in somepla ces more than a mrlewide. I

‘

he bottom is a quick»

sand, a nd in fording, i t is necessa ry to keep in motionto prevent sinking. The wa ter ha s a whi tish appea rance, a nd a thick sedimentwilldeposite i tself in a vesselin which i t stands . The banks a re low, and a levelbottom, covered genera l ly wi th gra ss, extends a mi le,more or less, on either side, termina ted by hills. Thecountry is desti tute of timber . The beautiful antelopeinha bits this region, a nd its flesh ma de a considera blepa rt of our sup ly of food to the Forks of the Platte,the border of t re buil

’

a lo ra nge . The buffa loes ha vea sta tely a ppea ra nce . Their shaggy heads, necks, andhigh humps a bove their shoulders, decl ining ba ck totheir ta i ls,wi th their grea t si ze, give them an awkwa rda nd terrific a spect, tha t might awe a stranger and preovent his a pproa ch . They wi ll show fi ht

”in self

defeitos when worrnded a nd ha rd pushed y the hunters. They a re fieet on a ra ce, a nd i t is a oed horseth a t ca n bea t them on a long one. Their sa lt is excellent, equa l, if not superior, to the best beef, and ha slong suppl ied the surrorrnding Indi ans and the whitetrappers wi th the means of support ing l ife in a region

TE N YEAR S IN OREGON .

otherwiseuninhabita ble. They a rediminishinbrtt

yet immense herds of many thousands

the i orks of the P la tte to the hea d wa ters 0R iver, over a tra ct extending fa r north a nd south of the

genera l thoroughfa re to Ore on. Crossing the southfork of the P la tte, Ca pta in yeth led his com any in

a north-west direction to the north fork , wh ich 0 wa s

to follow to the ba se of the Rocky Mounta ins . The

B la ck H il ls l ifted their sulumi ta to the north-west onour r ight . Ha ving crossed the north fork , we left theri ver, whose course had been our nide for s ixteen days,and proceedingwestwa rd , we reagred the S weetWa ter,one of its sma ll tributa ries, a t Rock Independence,J une 8th . This is a va st block of granite, coveringfrom one to three a cres, a nd ris ing some twenty or

thirty feet a bove the ground . A fourth of July beingonce observed here by a party of tra ders, they ga ve therock the name i t now

'

bea rs . In the yea r 184 2 , a s a

of emi ra nts were pa ssing thisrock , two gentleta rried ch ind the ma in body to cut their ini tia ls

upon i t. For th is purpose they set by their rifles, a ndwere busi ly engaged in ma k ing themselves immerta l, by lea ving their humble representa t ives on th is

gra nd porta l of the Rocky Mounta ins—when, in the

midst of their la bour, they were suddenly surprisedby a la rge party of Indians, who sei zed their riflesa nd horses, and then made them prisoners . S omeof .the pa rty seemed determined to ki l l them on the

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- TE N YEARS I N OREGON .

ri ver. S ome distance belowis a n intermittin pring,wh ich throws out wa ter violentl froman g in a

rock in such a ma nner a s to la ve reee e a p

propria te name of S teamboa t . Between “ these twosprings, a long the surfa ce of the ri ver, the wa ter is continua lly agita ted by the la rge qua ntities ofga s esca pingthrough i t ; and i t ought to be a lso sta ted, tha t thewa terof the la st spring described is a lso strongly im regna

led with soda , and ha s a tempera ture of ninety agrees .

The surrounding soi l a nd gra ss a re good . Here weleft Bea r R iver, a nd a few da s

’ma rch brou t a s to

one of the branches of S na e R iver, RosS ome sma l l trouts were cau ht here, a nd were a wel

come excha n e for dried bu a lo mea t , which had beenour ch ief feet?ma n days . This is the western borderof the present bull

ya lo ra nge, where we emer

the mounta ins, and begin our descent to thefi’acific.

N ea rly fort da ys ha d been consumed in the'

ea rney overthem, a nd t ion h the most da ngerous pa rt ofthe way, noenemy a ssa i led

zour camp, a nd no evi l wa s suffered to

approa ch us. About the middle of July, Capt . Wyetha rri ved a t the S na ke R iver, a nd a fter selectin a si tefor a fort, a pa rt of his men were emplo

pe in its

0erection, and the rest went out on a buf’fa hunt toprocure the ice of mea t for the rest ofthe journey . a rds and Wa lker made a

pa rt of th is pa rty . A fter being a bsent a bout'

two

weeks, they returned wi th a good stock of dried mea t,a nd diffused joy through the whole cam S oon a fterour a rriva l a t this la ce, Mr. Thoma s ’

K ay, ha vin

a trudin pa rty un er his comma nd , in the empl oy othe fl u son’s B ay Cbmpan came upon our tra i l , a ndsoon rea ched the camp of a pt . W . It ga ve us outlea sure to meet a friend in a stra nger, in such .a p ace .

r. J a son L ee prea ched once on the sa bba th iii a

grove nea r his camp, a nd he very generously made a

present of a sa ck of fl our to the missiona ries, wh ichwa s a very sea sona ble and unexpected rel ief; a nd

when they left Fort Ha ll , he wa s wi th them severa l

r a n YEARS m ca noes :

da ys’ journey . On the evenin of the day . tha t Mr.L ee prea ched, one of Mr. M’

ay’s men, a Canadian,

a s he wa s rid ing veryfa st, wa s rode aga inst by a notherma n, a nd so ba dly i njured a s to die in a short t ime.

Hewa s buried nea r the fort . He left several ch i ldren,two of whom a re in the Ore on miss ion school in theWa lamet, and one, L i zette a rpones , resides in L ansingville in the sta te ofNew-York . This gentleman is

the son of Mr. M’K ay who fel l in the

'

l‘

onquin on the

north-west coa st in 1 810. Whi le a t Fort Ha l l, one ofthe K inse India ns inMr. M’

K ay’s a rty made a present

of a horse to Mr. J a son L ee, a n from him recei vedsome resent in turn. The horse wa s very servicea blein per orming the rest of the journey, a s some of thehorses with which we _

set out were quite used up.

”

An extensi ve pla in covered with gra ss, and intersectedwi th creeks, a nd pure mounta in rivulets, surroundsFort Ha l l , stretch ing many mi les a l ong the ri ver, a ndsevera l m i les ba ck to the distant h i l ls on the south .

This esta bl ishment did not leng rema in in the pos

session of its origina l proprietors, but wa s sold to theHudson’s B ay Compa ny, a nd the whole enterprise, towhich Ca pt . Wyeth had devoted himself for four or

five yea rs, with grea t a rdour and perseverance, a nd‘

a t

a n expensi ve outlay,from which very l ittle profi ts were

rea l ized , wa s a b a n ened , a nd thewhole fur tra de reverted aga in to the Hudson

’s B ay Compa ny.

L ea vin Fort Ha l l a bout the let of August, andCapta in yeth to complete the structure, and then tofol low us Wi th the two na tura l ists and a rt of his men,

some of them being left in cha r e of t re fort, we tookup aga in our l ine of ma rch , an proceeded down the

south side of S na ke R i ver.Our new pa rty consisted of Mr. M’

K ay, his C a nes

dia ns,with theirbows and a rrows,wivcs, mounted in thefa sh iona ble na t ive style, a str ide, and bea ring muskets,a nd their chi ldren confined to a boa rd , and ba n on thohere of their saddles, or l a shed on horseba cga lone,a nd s ome Indianswi th their squawe and chi ldren, in the

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TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .

themselves once more in the midst of lent and seenforget their pa st pri va t ions, even their set ay

’s ma rch

on a n em ty s toma ch . S ca rcely had th is '

ca

ga cious

band finis ed their lengthened mea l, when apta in

Wyeth , Mr . Nutta l l, a nd Mr . Townsend ma de theirappea rance a t our camp, hungry a s wolves. Pa rt of akettle of stewed rabi t wa s standin by, wh ich beinggi ven to the two na tura l ists, they 5 rowed off the wayto at a l i v ing to perfection. C apta inW . a va i led himsel of the pol iteness of Mr. Fembam a t the fort .S ept . 3d . Hovin left our horses and ca ttle here,

we took our lea ve 0 Mr. Fembam , and emba rked ina boa t of the Hudson’s B ay Company for Vancouver,where, a fter a tedious voyage of twelve days, we a rri vedon the 1 5th. Meantime,

‘

we had hea rd of the sa fe a r

ri va l of the Mayda cre, Capta in L ambert, a nd tha t shewa s ] ing in the Columbi a , nea r the lower mouth of

the Vil'

a lamet R i ver. This intel l igencewa s very gra t ifying to us a ll. At Fort Va ncouver the missiona rieswere recei ved with much pol iteness a nd kind a ttent ionby the chief fa ctor, J ohn M

’L aughlin, E sq. , a nd other

gentlemen of the esta bl ishment . L ea ving Messrs.

hepa rd, E dwa rds, and Wa lker, a t Vancouver, for thetime being, Mr. J a sbn L ee a nd myself sta rted for theWa lamet Va l ley to find a loca tion for our miss ion,ta king the Mayda cre in our route . D r. M’L aughlinkindly furnished two men go wi th us, and horses toride, and a good supply of provis ions for the wholetrip, which would employ a s severa l days .

Arrangements being ma we emba rked in a canoeand proceeded dov

'

vn the Columbia to the Mayda cre,twenty miles ; then up the west cha nnel of the Wa lamet some way, and a fter tha t, u a sma l l creek , a r

rivin a t a fa rm owned b Mr. homa s M’K ay, our

frlen in themounta ins . erewe obta ined the requisi tenumber of horses, and ha stened on to.

- theWa lamet settlement, pa ssing through wha t is now ca l led the Tuala tine P la in, a h igh , extended ridge, intervening betweeni t and M’

K ay’s fa rm, where We took horses. This is

.

‘I 'E N YEAR S lN ;OREGON .

:a beautiful , rich , extensive, gentl- i'ollihg prairie, wel l

.wa tered , a nd in some pa rts wel t imbered . B eyondth is we as sed a del igh tful h il ly tract severa l mi les in

extent, t rinlyWooded a t interva ls, a nd then open, a nd

covered wi th gra ss .

Descending from these by a gentle

grade, we came to Che

vha - lim, a Va l ley tha t“

stretches

away ea st to the .Walamet. Rea ch ingthe river a t th is

place,We swam our horses and crosse to the ea st s ide,

where the settlement had been commenced . Alon

the riverwe found a bout a doz enfami l ies, mostly Frenc1

C a nad ians, who had been hunters in the service of the

Hudson’s B ayC om any, or free tra ppers , and had very

la tely left tha t emp oyment and begun tofarm, tha t

themsel ves and .fami l ies might ha ve a surer support and

rea ter security tha n they could whi le fol lowing the

Ea z a rdOus life of hunters . Theyseemed prosperous

ha ppy, a nd ga ve do e very po its a nd generouswel

e to the best they ceuld set befo re us. O ne night

Mr. G erva is set up our tent in his ga rden, among

lens and cucu'

mbers.

‘

I t reminded one of the script

A lodge in a ga rden of cucumbers.

”

About two miles a bove Mr. Gerva is’s , on the ea st

bank of the river, and sixty miles from its mouth , a

loca tion wa s chosen to commence our mission. Here

Wa s a broad , r ich bottom, many mi les in

.wa tered , a nd suppl iedwith t imber, o ak,fi r,

white maple, a nd whi te a sh, sca ttered along the ,

bor

ders of its gra ssy pl a i s, where hundredsofa cresWere

ready for the plough . We now ha stened ba ck to Van

couver, obta ined hors es of the com any in excha nge

for those We had left a tWa l la h-walla h , and oxen a nd

cows in loan men to dri ve the ca ttle to the la ce, and

a boa t and crew to transport our supcplics. a king in

our ca rgo a t the Mayda cre, wea scen ed thewest chan

nel .of the Wa lamet, op osite to Mr. M’K ay

’s fa rm;

whenMi a

- J a sonL ee an Mr.walkerwent onwith theboa t , a nd Mr. E dwa rds a nd m self went to the

'

farm

to ta ke cha rge of the ho rses w rich had been'

obta ined

from the company, and bring them through totheWa la

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TEN YEARS I N OREGON .

here they began their a rduous a nd diffi cul t toi l to eleva teand sa ve the hea then from mora l degra da tion and ra in.

The ra in sea son wa s fa st a pproa ching, a nd a housewa nts to shelter us when i t a rri ved . But first

we had to prepa re our tools, a nd gea r our oxenha ndled a xes a nd suga rs, hung a grind stone, spl i t ra ils,ma de yokes a nd bows for the oxen, a nd ma de a ya rdto ca tch them in, for some of themwere not ha lf tamed ,and then to yoke them ay, there

’s the rub

”— our

wi ts, a nd ropes, physica l might, a ll took hold— no

flinching, no ba cking out . Whenwe had succeeded inth is, then came the a ll- day business of driv ing them.

Men never worked ha rder and performed less .

‘

Our

house a dvanced but slowly, and wewere caught in one

v iolent storm ofWind a nd ra in, which wa s nea r drenching a ll we had, the tent which we occupied being buta poor protection. When i t clea red awa thewet a rticles were ta ken out a nd ca reful ly drie B efore thenext storm came on we had a roof on a pa rt of ourhouse, and a piece of floor la id , on wh ich we could liethankfull secure from the pel ting storm without . Afewwee s, all the time ha rd a t i t, and the roof wa scompleted ; a good ch imney made of sticks a ndand a fire-

pla ce in one end ; floors l a id of pla nkhe fir, and hewn on the upper side ; doors -

pro

cured in the same way, and hun on wooden hinges.

Then a ta ble, then stools, a nd na l ly the luxury of

cha irs a dded to our self-ma de comforts . Our goodmansionwa s bui lt of twenty by thirty feet, videdinto two a pa rtments a pa rti tion a cross the middle, a nd l ighted by sma l l windows, the sa shespa rtl made by Mr. J a son L eewi th his ja ck- knife. A s

to a iving, we had brought a sup ly of flour from Va ncouver, and made unlea vened cakes, ba ked before thefi re, and from the settlers o boughtwi th the porkwe ha d sent a l ong inton, made good

'

soup, to which wa s sometimes a ddeda sma l l qua ntity of ba rley . The cows a lso furnisheda l ittle milk , and from the Indians we sometimes ob

ra n YEARS rrt'

a ssess .

ta ined a bit of v enison. Before our house wa s done,a pa r

ty,hea ded by Mr. E win Young, an American

from one of the western Uni te S ta tes, a rrived in the

Wa lamet from Ca l ifornia , embra cing about a dozen

persons, mos t of them from the United S ta tes . S ome

of them had been sa i lors, some hunters in the mounta ins a nd in the region bordering on C a l ifornia to the

south, and one Mr. K el ly wa s a tra vel ler, a New- E

l and man, who enterta ined some very extra va a nt

t ions in rega rd to Oregon, which he publishe on his

return. On theirwa they ha d encountered some host ile Ind ia ns, but not ring occurred to them of a veryserious na ture, and they a ll rea ched their dest ina tion in

Toprovide for our support in future, a fa rm

wa s soon be a n, ra i ls made, and a field of thirty a cres

enclosed an ploughed , and the next spring pla nted a

nd

sowed. Pota toes, corn, whea t, oa ts, and ga rden seeds

were put in. About th is time Mr. Wa lker’s time Wa s

out, a nd he left the service of the miss ion, and foundemploymen

t a s a clerk in one of the esta bl ishments of

Ca pta inWyeth , a t FortWi l l iam,onMul tnoma h Island .

Mr . S hepa rd had now joined us from Vancouver. A

of the Ca l ifornian party, an American, E zek iel

by name, buil t us a good a i r of ca rt-wheels, the firsttha t were made in the Wa amet . A ba rn being needed to cover the returns of the fa rm, we set towerk

'

'

to

erect one of logs, th irty b forty feet. Mr.‘

J'

. L ee,

Mr. E dwa rds, Rom, a n 01 Islander from the

a nd J ohn Ca la pooya , a boy of tha t tribe, wi thshouldered

_

our a xes. The trees fell before

soon the timber appea red together on the spot .

After we had proceeded a bout ha lf wa

p, we found it necessa ry to ha ve more he p

n our neighbours for a ssistance, who very kindly lentllM’

tfl i r ,

f vz ivh it .

‘N n then proceede d to the roof—3

pii t sh ingles , four feet long, and confined th

emon“

lbsbui lding byl a ying a hea vyweight pole

on each daut ae,a a instwhich the butts of the next higher coursewere

p aced . Thiswayofmaki

e

rlg

a good roofwi thout na ils

i leum‘M afJGMO] srq a r axe a n rpm ;na da ap a pause

- a r sq susrpul a rp rpm z ua ura fiefiua a rp “ I°

uoa8ms

a pawsnpa ua aq paq ”(9l‘ui a rp 30 auo ;aur

m m

}JOS MBf a rp mop pancrea s

‘uaurJO siua uura a camp

0; sp sup sem snoKof os tra urra ur pa ssoi- rurors a rp

_uns a rp se ; aa rpoue mes [ a rp m

ou pue‘sKa p .rouaq

a s penKa rp ;uaur .rood a na sa r .rra rp or wa s sum

use a pus‘

pa ra a oosrp a re Ka rp a roga q Buol ;ou sam

13.

'

uorueduroa srrl yo a oua rsrsse a r r Kq urefia r o; a lqa

|uo sum rla rrlm‘a i orls a rp orare e panama : pue tray

pa ssord oi nuam 00; ea st rnq‘ra Ao rug/us or pa tdurap

a

nis ip _to a uo'

tuetswz ou sem Ja rla r imp wa rp pa i nsss

eprs .ra rpo a rp uo api a a JO ;rlfirs a uuoolam 9‘LL'

ra a rr

a rpo; rua rp5

91 rla rqza rpa d u-nrprrl a rp

‘

per; a rp norms

;Ka rpup‘san a a lpama a s sepur a sa

rp“ surreyAtla .rra rp

S nore paflfimp Aa rp se‘Kam .t ia rp ui team or pa a ua rla

Ka rp sarn a q may 3 amp a sla a pt“ ua aq per;poo; .rra ru‘

°

uopeamis jO suns a a t ;sourls‘uorssruu a rp pa rla sar

sxa rpo om‘Krarxuu [muted JO sKep euros .ra ijv 1 09a

or 9mm] a rp so; poureru 1 ua aq paq are} n a rp ten/a pue

‘

postras 10K;ou pa q

‘

puu Kq item .rra rp pansmd per]orpu

‘Aned a rp JO gea r a t” ,

'

tsa ra iur da ap rprm puneq sum

Aa um ofsnousesr'

p .rra rp 0 More spousa l pue fpoo; rptm

pauddns pus‘

pa sra a a r “ml? sl am Kelp OJOH'uorssrul

a rp 33 pa puel rpfiua l in pa n

‘ruan na a rp oi sea la sui a rp

panruiuroa. Ka rp

“

per spam0 Buru uo;

‘os

°

sa8a uosrad

uanrurs- a urrue; .rra rpBuprodsuanJO apoulman a idog

s or

pa a losa r Kelp a ra qm‘Ja ari a rp o i aura s

‘durrm£1 unq

pua flue] .rra rp Kq ino-ui om ‘

puela rp JO sra iqfinap a rp 10

one"0t a spen srq pue

‘uea rramv us nueux

- a p;a s a rp o; r|8norrp Kenn .rra rp a pa ur apunom

pue paqqou'

sa a rl .rra rp ipin pa da ss mu rnq

pue‘senbequrn a rp 30 rpnos j rqequg orM

sua rpul a rp

liq panorama era /u

‘eruroylao urea} r| noxrp Euruxoa

91 9m orlm‘sa ttqm Jo lined “nuts e

,

‘Jama me srrLL'

.

i a ra q’

mfira a a puuo; a re sa raeio a Krp pus sane/re;

.(rp. tpa a or norp we moq “ounce -

p a s 0 .

'a fiea sir

urea; a dessa pa q e an ear;‘sureld a rp our;90 ea rn an

‘

pa rrn uorssrurqns am“ a pue‘1 03 pause 31mm autos

’MODK IIO N 1 BUYE R N il-L '

NOD S II O N I suva a N EH .

seM a sa rp pus‘awsa J aqtsam warm a rp se uoos se rnq

twin”

sarsoa i o; a snj a r rou'

plnoa 0M purr‘urua rrs; sq or

pafifia q pus‘

pana u i sourla pua Kafiunq‘J a iurm a rp ur su

or a ura s eqrn owes a rp 30 psi}

.ra rpouv°

parp usrp pus‘srssK om inoqa Buopz pa ra up

‘a sa a srp suolnj oros Jo

;oa fqns a sum oum‘a lls iuq fen rpyu 911 01 urswa r i orr

pma'

J a iurm S urpa a axd a rp a ruoalu; ua aq esp: purl‘sua q to

‘BurppaH 1&0a pa ursu‘roi sts srr| pus

‘

pa uop~uaw isnfa fioodelex a rp

‘ur or

°K .ua nos umo ara rp or

urufirz paurrna r Ka rp‘Bupwd “ma y; a rape

‘

pua f pa rlaqertl uo ned .rno [to "am a rrop rra aq pnq Hurrpfi ra a a ta rp

a s oq o; pors a ddn [ a rp rnq t puo Burpum ampeuros paurswa r pue

‘a susfi srq puno .ra pa ra rpa fi Ka ru‘

pa a p srmt or|‘awea [Ca rp OJ OJOCI sifep a rues

‘aa a omoH

a a sea a

ipsrrl _to a sso u; .(snolesf .ro; uorsa a a o ou a ns il

tlfirur a rp ta rp puu‘rpea p silla royaq will a a s pue a uroa

rlfirw Ka rp imp‘rafiuup sin30 suopela r sir] [men 0;

wa s a seq psrl .rafiua ssaw a Klsnoga a rd ing'

uopdumstree s }0 pogp a ll .rauiuiusprur ta oqu .roy

‘

po ma uoosOJGM turna t sa do rl pa rlsrraqo .ruo rnq fsnornsnpurpusa poop

‘

pusq .ra rpo Ia rp uo‘sem Koq subrzqurfl a rLLa ruafiefiua .rrorp o; Ksanuoa

‘

q a soma r o; wa rp pa a upur"wa rp p10; an“onm a pxa

err;30 91a ; pa s a rp .pua‘

q a a s or awso a ldoa srq ppBuol iousum 11

'

a aoru a ;r urefia r o”

;pa S uo] pus‘a ar;

oouo sam or]wa rm ‘OJO s pa rlsaM

-ua s a rp [ME MO] adspuma ; a rpm i ssm Entza

‘J OM J a rp _ro rpraq a rp no ua a s

sq uapo ;qfirur pus {pea r o; usua l .ro or pa rrgla ur;ou

‘

pa iua iuoa srph a s sumone rea l an” ,

°

a sodi nd a ura sa rp .ro;

‘a ra o sno ra pun a qtusin10 Koq a paros a

‘srq ;o

priors; a‘uurpursloowa pm a pa n frnoqa l or“1 net pus

‘uogfira x ur para nusur sq o;

‘su my“ pa l paws a pa l

‘sra d rmuerpsuso a rp o; amour;“

‘a Of ” pama u

‘wa rpjOa rro pus

‘eu uo popes suarprq a ubequrfi a rp JO lined

s‘B’urrds a rp urS upuuld urpaflefiua M OM am Oil‘lM

pausing a rm umq a rp surp pua‘

pappa uoos 91 am .roop a pue 9.l00p‘spmoq pus apreld

eurosma s o; ‘agusogrlao worj a ura a ta rp new a rp 30 0 1W]

posrqBa ta an'

rrofia ro ur pue ream arp u! uourwoa sr

lunfS, a nd (1 immedia tely . He left three a sked; Who can a ffi rm tha t the ood d

or ra n ch ildren, a nd four or five poor India n sla ves .rel ieving their sufferings the whie wa s not . a ,

-largeO fami ly. and the l ittle property tha t fel l to the compensa tion for all the sa crifice i t cost ?

.mo Eupa srtp u qa r pulpit); arp{use a t tud pus

‘

pusspew _

froqaua p aq ram pawa a s a rp‘i s a des Buprsurn

a roq da rpmou rnq z rsana r ayes .rra rp'

ur_

rua rp Buruyuoa

.req a rp uo sxstem Ksfiua a rp‘sna am so; axon pa nts;

- ap a re elsa sss sawpa uros se (mo ire; rema ined a sum

qotqm‘Buol i tem ;ou pip am 01 911

'

sprrq pus spans

_

uopa a poo a rp ui [( pelnapwd‘sirusmd aypusgos sl‘l

.rprpm; ups a iua a sord or$991 a t sxsq [sa ti re .ruo sa urs

sfiefioa suo spew Apearlupuq aq a raum‘spua lsl a rp oi

urefie flute?‘a afiua sssd osla sem “a pnN aw ureq a rp

ssom o;Kirunuoddo anemone} 9 J O}‘

pua lfiug o; puneqa s s

‘Kuedwoa a rp JO .ra rpoue osla sum a s

‘Bupram

s‘rs

geg u Ba rfil sem sKepmay a a t pue

‘ra arr a rp

umop pa dorp sqs'

sa leg urs iduo‘spawfiueg speq

a rp sem pa lres sq rla rqm ui [a ssa A s‘Kuedwoa a nJ ,

'

uofia ro ururnu strumu 10 uorsxa auoa 191 k!“

X|twsj uorssrru myuorsga oxa—a apa a rd luarpaurursaBsBua earl arm—pa lms;

Marcos s ous ra dwadr—a a uosqa armS uri np uorssrw a rp as m ap s 10

sta ts—more a

,drue a 10 8801 — 001 arm10 urmau— uopuoq um}

a ssent) s 30 languv—uorssrw rra qL —sa rrsuorssgw Kq pa srs a a s Apa rproaa ; seq

'

iw— la nruv— ssauna rs a ss—spurns] qarmpues orp o; aflsfioA

’

I I IX U SI L JVHO

'

urma x srqup wa rp a aesl [umam sraqpa ra 5none;

‘

perl sq da is a rp yo z awslaM a rp is

sramoqepmopa} srq pa uuop rrena l Kq Bursa r;‘s new

a rp .rour‘ a rpaqwa Klfiurpaoa a s pus‘

parua sss mou

Ai rumxod o a lqernoa aj a rp Jo ~ua suurq“BAR o; paurr‘

urs;- a p a rora ra rp OH

°

ami ou J!‘‘twa suor 31e 1 13918 um

pa puaue sam 1 ! q m ‘uorssrur-srp oi poo? 9pm 1 0A

‘rplea rl ;o a ims str u!

‘a srurord orp awa a s urewax 0L

a rp umop urddoap sem pue‘

psroowun pa il(sa ss/r a t J ,

-

a A[osa .r preq 9 sum 1 1“ '

iua'

pus iurrsdns

sir; 30 s pa lmourr .ro‘

la sunoo .i a‘uopoa rrp a rpmorprm

‘

pa pa su qanur ssm (Ira q erq ua rlm own a i s uorssrura rp sa sa l ;snw an

'

saplnargrp awos a ram 91 011;

“003 110 N! S HVEI A N3 1 .'

NODHIIO N I S HVS A NEI L

sures pa rapus S uga sH arsed a |or|m'

e

l

suorsyrord snorauas Kra ft a sa rp fiupda a a e Jo Aam erpuI'

puswa p iqfirur epusls}a rp 0; i tem srq qsrqm

‘Jamodsr

'

u; a sua isrsse .ra rpo JOAO .ra puar oi pus‘ansafi‘

sgessed a run; pa rap o I lpa ra "L N na pue

‘spurz ls

ia rp o; pa s oi iuoqs‘J a /rrr a rp a rrra rp sem slsssa A S ‘KU

’

C—woo Keg uospuH a rp 10 O°

|erayauaq a rrow! 0;sua sur Ala rm;sour a rp se

‘sssssrp Kmrrowlud JO z uour

- a a o .rdwg a rp or pa ldnpu-.ransq sum a i eunla a rp a ra qm‘

spua lsI rp rmpusg s ip or of?or urn; pssrapa "L N xrq‘

a ra q s iewgp a rp Jo s taBrnzp a rp prose OrL'

uopsroisarsin01 mqeruomqun uosees a rp pus

‘

pueq is m a n a remsa ra rm JO sugar fi rr0 | a rp pue ‘

sruoo Kpna i pe puq uurnmaJO sulfirrr"up a t” ,

°

a lqaqord AJ OAOOOJ .ropnas uses] isso‘

JOHOJ s .rusus o; sopi o a rpa usmd sq o; a srnoo a rpJO pue _

‘ssa a srrl -ur rropeu uoyur pa rgsa p a rp 1 0; up~r|8ns

r

L W urq o; psgldda .raurm a rp‘a a a uoa ueA Bur

poser no _

‘

spuelsI qarmprras a rp 0; Euro? [a ssa A'

e ur.nuuoa a rp a a a a l oi lioes S urprisingsem or|m

‘spram-

p5['

JWrprm Krnzdwoo rn‘urarprM t rod oi ila e

'

qa srorr"

uo pa pssa ord pua fia sodrnd mp 1 0} rropeis tGWB IBM. srp. per sq q wsrdag Jo ned Apes a rp a

_

r‘Klfiugpros~av

"

(sauna s [a orpaw J O} .ra zruoa ueA o; 08 plnor|s sq.za rp elqa srape ;qfiuorp ssm 1!

‘urz or a rp ;noqe Apepi a p-

.rsd ‘tsaqo a rp u! ssa usros pue rust rum papusne

fuopoi a sdxa i rrsuba rypus Bups iru r a s q pa ra noea e 01 9m

qorrlm {p o rlfinols or 1 ; Jo srroprod a snrz e or se rvlonruos a usrqrnsw sa esam a rp parsay e rlogqm‘a drdpurm

a rp JO -UOl11 0d .raddn a rp JO a ims pa sess‘

rpe urea} amp[.reeu rrorssrura rp woryra igrm erp pesemer tra rum

‘a seld parsed-xsrru signb guess we uwmne JO Buruurfisq a rp ;noqv

duos urpssn £01.q a rparo , um a rp yo pa punod sem qa rqm u! ;noqeBugploq

‘a auow rra poom aflrsl e pus

‘uorqse; a rape

;saqm punosfl am rlorqm urtranssra ruoo uo .rr-

;sea newsa panam rrorssrru a rp

'

lVr

a ruuow u!wa rp“ .rra rp puuodJO swos ‘Kpsnoga a rd puq oum t siuurgqnqura rp

_JQ ;royuroa a rp o; pa ppa rfprz a rfi rlarrlm zeq uan umA

'

q Ba odwerlo is apnq ssm [put 19118 a mat sq

TEN YEAR S I N OREG ON .

course mid- channel between the tremendous brea kerson ei ther ha nd . W i th wha t a n awful power ha s theCrea tor a rmed these m ighty wa ters— yet ha th he set

bounds tha t the ca nnot pa ss ; yea , he holdeth the Oceanin the hollow 0 his h a nd ! To Capt . E a les thewriter ismuch indebted for his obl iging a nd gentlema nly rega rddra in the whole voyage, which on a ccount of a continuc sea - sickness wa s otherwise sufficient] disagreea ble . Perha 5 there is noth ing ofdisea se mm wh ichso l i ttle rea l a nger is in most ca ses to be a ppre

hendedtha t so unmans a ma n a s this . It seems to prostra tea s wel l the menta l a s physica l powers, producing a nina ctivity a nd l istlessness, yet when not too

“

lon con~tinned i t is often be: a l a nd improvin hea th.

On rea ching Oa hu, the pa rticula r isla n'

the groupto wh ich the vessel wa s bound, we

“came to a nchor inthe ha rbour ofHonolulu, the principa l town no t onl ofthis isle, but of a ll the group, th resort ofma ny 0 thewh a lers in the Pa cifi c for the urpose of obta iningsuppl ies of rprovisi ons, whic r grow here in a bunda nce ; a nd a lso the residence of severa l mercha nts,who used formerly to obta in la rge quantities of sa nda lwood for the Chinese ma rket, which a rt icle ha s nowbecome sca rce, a nd is of less va lue tha n formerly .

Perha ps the vota ries ~of the idols of the “ Celestia lE mpire

”

ha ve a n extra supply‘ to burn in incense to

them . Here a lso is the frequent residence of theroya l fa ta i l The present k ing is the randson

Ta -mahzi -malia I . , the conqueror, who subrfued thetion to his swa y, a nd the sonofReho- roho, who, in 182 0,when the fi rst missiona ries were on their way to evancliz e his people, destroyed the idols throughout

'

hisilominion, unconsciously prepa ring the way for theserva nts ofGod . S ome time subsequently he a nd hisqueen v isi ted E ngla nd, a nd d ied .

ByMr . B ingham'

a nd his a ssoci a tes, themissiona r ies,a nd Mr. Deill, the amen’s

’

cha pla in, . the writer wa srecei ved on his a rri va l with Christian a luta tions and agenerous welcome, wh ich made him feel himself to he

ran r a m s m es coou.

among friends, where he. soon forgot the disagreeablesof the v0 age in the enjoyment ofthe society wh ich hel oved . nd hewi l l not soon forget the repea ted proofsof the ir k ind a nd s mpa thiz ing rega rd, when, sicka nd a stranger,

” his fatwa s thrown among them . Ma

pea ce and success a ttend them sti l l in their good workamon the hea then, and may the wri ter meet them ina wor d of rest ! A t th is time, N ovember, 1 835, theB ible wa s nea rly transla ted , and a printing-

press wa smul ti lying copies of the S criptures, wlnch werecircu a ted extens ively, and rea d with grea t a vidit bymany, both old a nd young, who b the efforts 0 the

missi ona r ies had lea rned to rea d . here were a t th a tt ime about twelve sta tions, and more than twenty-fi vela bourers, bes ides the la dies empl oyed in the va riousbra nches of their missi ona ry work . A h i h- school,des igned to qua l ify tea chers and na ti ve prese

lli ers, wa s

inprogress, and a n instituti on of considera ble promise.

S oon a fter my a rri va l a sma l l vessel dropped anchor inthe ha rbour, which wa s found to be the bea rer of a

Q ua ker missiona ry, sent out from L ondon on a fi veea rs

’explorin tour. He wa s a man a dva nced in l ife,

his name wa s anielWheeler, a nd he wa s a ttended byhis son Cha rles . The wri ter ha s since lea rned tha tthey returned in sa fety to E ngla nd , where the fa therha s s ince died . An a ccount of this voya c ha s beenublished .

—Duringmy v isi t here my hea l t rwas muchbenefited : some dona t ionswere a lso recei ved from the

na tit'e Christians and other friends, for the use of theOregon Mission. And in August, 1 836, ta k ing lea veofmy friends a t Honolulu, and bidding them fa rewel l,the writer emba rked in the ba rk N ereid , bel ongiato theHudson’s B a Cempa n Ca t . Roya l , a nd sa i lefor the Columbia ft iver . I ere t ie wri ter wa s - intro;duced to a clergyman of the Church of E n la nd, Mr.H . Bea ver, who wa s going to reside a t Fort a ncouver,

a s chapla in to the company . wa s a ttended. by hisl a dy . After a s a fe but. somewh a t lengthened ‘

a‘

ssage,we made

‘

Cape D isappointment ; and thewin l‘

falhng

srsqm‘spuslsl arp 0; Euro?)Knr .rsrprKproqs

‘Beodwaqo

.rssu [ooqos paws a psua do osle paq sprsmpg “W'

sa srsrsxs

a rp a rsrnsa sld no Kpsapnsw na‘ssa lsswsrp [corp s

rpsqqa s'

a rp rua nbary or pa sn erp‘srrp 30 Joord

' uI'narppqa .rrs

'

rp qa ear or spew a re-mnanM 911 03 9 a rp ui

psa ura a sam‘sra rpow a rpKqe lnaprs

‘

rss‘

rsrur

pus‘Kems qsrnsA or uoos pawa a s a sa rp rnq t s

uor;qfiqs spew

‘uta rp 3° euros ‘srerps; a rp

‘srusra d a rp or

pa sodord ssmuarppqa a rp Burqoa sr JO rosfqns a rp uaqm‘rsrg W

'

trwpe pprom sapnp Kueru srq awp srp “a

paroa a p predaqs armuroqm o;‘sKsp qa am no papusne

osle a sa rp _ro ewes qooqa s rpsqqss ui raw Kurrp ua rp

orowKspung no ra rp 09 f smoqqfirsume to septum; srpwe?p

appe exam [a rena s a sa rp0L

'

ssamlors a rwa rpno urpnsue JO .ro

‘wa rp .rs/to Brnqswm pus S unless;

;o flurrpou Ka s or‘ua rppqo psrlen

-

p aq Kuaw os a rpors

pus‘srpnourKusw os pa s; or

‘

psspurnear s- sneqdro

a ram woqm 30 [era ses‘ua rppqa Krusmrrnoqe a rusr|er

finga eq fKressa a eu awoeaq paq‘p er a rp JO ruaw

- afi.rs[us a rp j O tunoaoe uo‘

qa rqm‘tss; Krrrrp Kq ua srxrs

JO ssnoq a rp or uoprpps rra epaw paqKer” , ;sa orsrod

p pus resqm 10 a la qa psrpunq nssss

pus‘nepesp na .rapun srsm purer yo

'

proaer JO rprom .rea dds Kew qar'

qm

porra d terp 30 swans a rp pue‘

psa pou a req a qpa qs uop

- a rs a rp rs sn aps to sta rs a rp‘ssussqe Kw up a g

'

rsrrqo JO marsrp [9a pus‘susp

-.ruq scra rpo qses .resq pus

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330

TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .

he continued to tea ch for severa l months ; and whenhe had finished, some of those he had been instructingwere a dmi tted into the mission school .Another thing worthy of note is the forma tion of atemperance society . Previous to this, l iquor had beenobta ined by some of the people in the settlements a t

Fort Wi l l i am, on the Multnoma h, and had producedsome of its usua l effects, wa ste of pro erty, neglectof brrsiness, drunkenness, qua rrels, etc. ere is a manin ha rvest, l i vin on pea

- soup ; but why does he notsea son i t with s little pork ? Wa lamet grows pork, Isuppose ? Yes

, a nd i t grew some for him but, poormau l he wa s robbed of i t all ! Robbed ? Yes ; bone, too, who ought to h been his grea test frienThis fel low took his only pork and ca rried i t awa y, a ndga ve i t for a rdent spiri ts, which lie ba rba rously com

polled the owner to drink and now, poor man, he ha s

no pork to ea t in ha rvest ! But the temperance societywa s esta bl ished, a nd a very la rge pa rt of the residentsjoined. It is due to say tha t D r.

_

M’L aughlin seconded

the efl’

o s of the missiona ries a n the friends of temperance, a nd tha t the course he ha s ta ken in regard tospiri tuous l iquors ha s done much to preserve thegenera lorder and ha rmony of the mixed cornmunit of wh ichthe settlement is composed . The good tha t ra s a lreadybeen derived to the inha bitants of tha t va l ley from thea bsence of so dire a curse ca n never be told ; nor isthere a scourge so terrible th is side erdition, tha t canbe let loose upon them, tha t would 0 the devi l’s worka nd turn ea rth into hel l so ful ly a s the free distributionof tha t bane tha t changes men into demons. But withthese a s the certa in frrrits of using a lcohol before the ireyes, there were found men who determined to disti li t ! Yes, two men commenced the erection of a dist i l lery, a nd expended considera ble inprepa ra ti on. W ithth is movement a lmost the whole community werea la rmed ; not only those he had enrolled themselves

the l is t of tempera nce, but nea rly a ll the rest, fel ttha t if tha t distillery went on a ll wa s l ost . At this

TE N YEAR S '

I N' OREGON;

del ica te, or perhapsith some

crisis a genera l meeting wa s convened wh ich deter;mined to approa ch the portentous ev il with a n a s set

mi ldness, b presentin them a peti tion sett ing orththe reasons which shoul lea d to the abandonment oftheir a ttempt ; and, a s a further inducement, offeringto remunera te them for a ll they had expended . Thispeti tion wa s signed by nea rly every ma n in the settlement, a nd the voice of publ ic opinion triumphed ; forthe persons concerned a cceded to the voice of the peo

ple, but refused their proffered remunera t ion. Neverwa s an ev i l of such magni tude a rrested more timely , orin a ma nner more appropria te.

There were, however, sti ll some ho, for a ll th is,indulged a priva te friendshi for the “

good crea ture,”

fa lsely so ca l led, a nd longed)

to sha ke h ands aga inwithhim a s a n old friend wi th whom they ha d pa ssed ma nya merry hour. A t length one of those set h imself a twork in a s good ea rnest a s ever man did to genera tethe a lcohol ic principle, tha t he a nd his fami l ia rs mightre a le a nd cheer their hea rts in the tediuni of sober andin ustrious l ife . Pursua nt to his lan for a sp iri ted

enterta inment , he a ddressed himself vi ororrsly to thework— soa ked , and sprouted , and dried is gra in, converted some kitchen or cam utens i l into a disti llery,kindled his fires, condensed t re vapour, and immorta li sed himself a s the fa ther of a lcohol in theWa lam

event wa s ha i led with joy, a nd deemed worthypa rticula r note, and its celebra tion took place on tevenin of the 2 5th pf

“ December; The pa rty wa va i led

gthemsel ves of the '

honorrrs of tha t hour neededno introduction to youn A lcohol , for in truth they foundtha t he had been an 0 d associa te of theirs in days ofyore. As usua l , he appea red in a t ion, andwea kly, in consequence of ha vin

g, me mis

imbibed too muchwa ter, a n

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

TEN YEARS I N OREGON .

wr iter bel ieves, of a wh ite man in Oregon. Grea twa s our joy a t th is event . We thanked God, a ndtook courage.

”

CHAPTER XI V .

Mission settlement receives a visit fromMr. Wm. A . S locum—Petitionto congress from people a t the settlement, ca llin upon the American 50verament to protect them by its laws

—Mr. J se procurcs ca ttle fromC a lifornia—~A rriva lof re inforcement to the miss ion, from the United S ta tes—An a ttempt tomurder an Indian chief

— Mission schools—Happydea thsH istory of a s abba th in O re on— Another reinforcement a rrives—Attemptof missiona ries to improve t ie condition of Ca lapooyas—Pla ns to extendthe work formed .

Jus 'r before this la st cheering event, in Decemberthe settlement and mission received a visi tWm. A . S locum , a gentlema n bel onging to the U . 8 .

N a vy, then employed in a specia l service by 1Uni ted S ta government, pursuant to which he ha rrived in Oregon, a nd wa s to proceed to Ca l ifornia .

The vessel in wh ich h came he had cha rtered a t tS a ndwich Isla nds, a nd i t wa s comma nded by an Ame

rica n, Ca pt . B a ncroft Mr. S locum made ca l ls a t

a lmost every house in to community, and took a n se

count of the reduce 0 their fa rms, a nd stock , a nd thenumber of inliabita nts . A peti tion wa s new drawn up,a nd signed by the people, both French a nd Americans,pra ying the congress of the Uni ted S ta tes to recognise them in their helpless a nd defenceless sta te, a ndto extend to them the protect ion of its laws, a s being,or a s desiring to

'

become its ci tizens . This wa s forwa rded by Mr. S locum, who seemed anxious to do allin his power to promote the prosperity

of the residents,and to ha ve their wishes, a s imbodie in i t, rea l ized .

A t this period , the ca ttle in the country nea rly a llbelonged to the Hudson

’s B ay Company, and a s i t wa s

then pol icy not to sel l a ny, i t became necessa ry forsome mea sures to be adopted to obta in elsewhere wlcould not be bou

ght of the compa ny. I n order to this ,

a n expedition to‘

a lifernia wa s in contempla tionwhen

TE NgYQ ARE m1gasses.

rious obsta cle in

On,becoming .

.aciwa inted withthe rea sons for i t, he lent his a id to ca rrydia te effect ; a nd tendered a

'

pa ssage to

Ca l ifornia to those who might compose the pa rty . Ofthis very .sea sona ble and unexpected means of rea ch ingth a t country, they were ha ppy to a va i l t hemselves .

The better to efl'

ect i heir object a company wa s formed, invested to a considera ble amount,wh ich were to be added the a va i ls of the labour whichthe arty might perform during the ir detent ionCa l i ornia , ti l l the cesoia summer ; when they wto return to Wa lamet, w iere the business wa s to beclosed ; and a fter deducting the expenses of the ex

pedition, ea ch owner wa s to recei ve his sha re of theca ttle a ccording to his investment .I t being desira ble to stock the mission in view of

‘sectiring a perma nent provisi on for its future sustena nce,m its anticrp

'

a ted enlargement a nd progress, Mr. J . L ee

invested . in the. concern six ' huudred dolla rs, missionfunds, for

' th ispurpose : The pa rty wa s or sei zed , a ndheaded byMr. E wing Young, a ccompanie by Mr . P .

L . E dwa rds, a s pa rser of the compa ny . After h a v ingenjoyed a very agreea ble interviewwith Mr. S locumfors ome da ys, he took his de a rturo to re- emba rk andsa il fer Ca l ifornia , a nd wi th t e ca ttle pa rt wa s soonon boa rd his vessel in B a ker’s Bay. But ere in th issea son of storms they lost two a nchors, a nd .but na e-

H

rowly escaped sh ipwreck , and Capt . B a ncroftWa s'com

pelled to return to Vancouver

.a nd obta in an a nchor,

cfere he could venture to . sea . By these d isa sters hewa s deta ined many days, but

"

a t length they a ll rea chedCa l ifornia in sa fety .

Here theywent towork , and commanded highwages, ft il l the next spring;

“

and a s s oon a s th rrangements ,

could bemade, wi th a pa rty increa sed the a dd itionof severa l more men, they common their ma rch

towa rd the Walamet. ~Messrs . Younin securing the success of thecessa ry to a ttempt the removal

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TEN "YEARS [N OREGON .

spa ring one to us whose services seemed almost indis

pensable.

Thus were our eyes sa ved from tea rs, and

we sung of the mercies of God .

About th is period an a trocious a ttempt wa s ma de to

murder a n India n ch ief, of the Caleoeya tribe. S ome

enemy of his, a s i t wa s a fterwa rdound, had h ired a n

India n, who wa s formerly his sla ve, to 0 a nd a ssa s

sinete his old ma ster . S o under cover ofthe night heapproa ched the ch i

efta in’s lodge, a s he laywrapp

ed in

unconsc ious slumbers, and ma rking the pla ce of his

rest,to ma ke sure ofhis v ictim,

he a imed with dea dlydesign a t his head , fire h

ismusket, and escaped. Next

morning, which wa s sabba th , he wa s found a l i ve,

drenched in his blood a nd though ba dly wounded , yet

perhaps not m

orta l ly . He wa s ta ken and brought on

al i tter a mile a nd a h a lf to the mission house, where

he wa s l a id on a ta ble, and examined by D r . Wh i te .

One of the ba l ls had cut away a port ion of the upper

part of the throa t,opening a pa ssage f

or the brea th,

and severed the lower jaw,carrying away some of the

teeth

, andthen lodged in the r ight a rm, a bove the elbow,

the bone ; and the other ba l l had pa ssed

ortion of,the brea st, and then, entering the

t re left h and , a t the la rge'

oint, pa ssed throughbeneath the hollow of the hand , an lodged a t the l a rg

e

goint of the l i ttle finger. His wounds were careful y

reseed, and he wa s in the ca re of the m iss ion t il l he

recovered . But for a ll th is ca re and a ttention he showed

himself most undeserving— no gra ti tude wa s ma ni

fea ted ; and he boa sted tha t theB estons,

”a s he termed

us,“should never ma ke him good .

”

The mi ssion schoolwa s new in the ch arge of Miss

J ohnson, who la boured'

a ss iduously to promote the

im rovement of her pu ils ; butthe amount of labour

to e done took many oi)

them away from their studies

much of the time, which much retar'

ded their progress ;besides,there wa s much sickness among them, and this

had a ninfluence on the prosperi ty of the school , for

wlnch there wa s no remedy . In the settlement near

ran-

r a m s I N ouenou.

.us there were two’

ha ppy dea ths in thosedays, those of.Mrs. Payethe

-a ndMrs . R ondo, descended from Frenchfa thers and Indianmothers.

'

l‘

heymanifested a j oyfulhope in G od, pa rticularly the la tter ; but though withthe former i twa s not so bright, yet there a ppeared good‘

grounds to hope in her happy exchange . Anotherca se wa s tha t of J oseph, their brother, who d ied be

them- a boy who used to a ttend the sabba ths chool , a nd wa s a lwa ys very a ttenti ve to his books a ndthe instructions tha twere given him. Duringhis sickness, which wa s a eonsumption; he was very serlousand rayerful, and was bapt iz ed a t his

“

own request .-We lad good hope in his dea th . He was aged a boutseventeen years . Theywere allinterred in themissiongra ve- ya rd . These a re the L ord’s and theya re ina rvello

’

ns'

ih our eyes.”

now.

’

the history of a sabba th, J uly . 16tli . Itwas set a pa rt for our communion service. 5At A .

we assembled nea r the miss ion house, in a gioveThe congrega tion embra ced Frenchmen,

Americans, Indians, ha lf- breeds, the‘

missi on familya nd school , and some others, a mixed company stran e

ly thrown together in th is d istant la nd . Allwere e.

cently cla d , a nd observed it becomingde ortmcnt. Mr.

J a son L ee opened the meetingwi th the ymn, Whena ll thy mercies,

”&c. After the singing; the marriago

ceremon wa s performed , a nd Mr. J a son L eewasmart ied to bliss Anna Ma ri a P i ttman,

'

and Mr. Cyrus S he.

and to Miss S us an Downing. A th ird couple ha vingbeen ma rried , Wa tchma n, tell us of the night,” wa s

sun and pra yer wa s offered by Mr. Wi lson.

“

Mr.J . 00 then prea ched on Numbers x, _

“

Comethen wi th us, a nd we wi l l do thee

’

end ; for the L eah?ha s spoken good concerning I sra e Manymuch a ffected under the word , a nd the communionthat followed wa s a sea son of refreshing to our soulsWe now held a kind of l ove-fea st, and a ll the brethrena nd sisters brought in the ir offerings, a nd the S piri t ofgra ce rested upon us. S ome othsr

'

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TEN YEAR S I N OREGON

sta tion a t tha t pla ce, wh ich is a bout eighty mi les aboveFort Va ncouver, a nd a ccordingly, in 1 838, Mr . Perk insand the writer were appointed to proceed to the D ollsfor tha t purpose .

L ea ving the Wa lamet sta tion on the 1 4 th of March ,they emba rked in two ca noes wi th a sma l l ca rgo ofsuppl ies, pa ssed down the Wa lamet R i ver, and thena scended the Columbia to the pla ce of destina tion,where the a rrived onWednesda y the 2 2 d.

A bout t ime m i les below the Dolls, and a ha lf mi lefrom the shore on the south s ide, wa s found a va luablespring of wa ter, some rich land, and a oed supply of.

ta nba r, oak, and pine, and an eleva te and plea santloca tion for a house, a lmost in their sha de ; wi th a fineextended view of the Columbia River, three mi les on

ei ther hand . The ba ck ground wa s broken, and hi lly,a nd thinly wooded . Here, a bout the l st of Apri l , ahouse wa s begun. The Indians a ssisted in cut ting thet imber, a nd bringing i t upon the spot . Meantime,Mr .J a son L ee a rrived on his way to the Uni ted S ta tes,

accom anied by Mr._

E dwa rds, and a nother gentleman,Mr.

'wing of Missouri , and two Indian boys of the

Chenook tribe, W . M“

. Brooks and Thoma swho ha d been some time in the mission school a t theWalamet sta t ion. The object of his v isi t wa s toobta in a ddi ti ona l fa ci l ities to ca rry on, more efficientlya nd extens ively, the miss iona ry work in the OregonTerri tory . Apri l 9th , h a ving

hired horses ofthe India nsto convey h imself toWa l la i -wa l la h , where he wa s to

purcha se the horses needed to ma ke the tour of the

mounta ins, tha t be in the usua l pla ce of outfi t for

pa rties goingby l a nd into the interior, he took an

affectiona te cave of his friends, Mr. Perk ins and thewri ter, and set off on his a rduous journey, a ccompaniedbythe a fore-named entlemen a nd the na t ive boys.

be same day Mr. a rkins emba rked in a ca noe fortheWalamet sta tion in order to brin his W i fe to the

B a lls, and returned in sa fety on the 651 ofMay. The

bui ld ing of the house went on amidst many interrup

TEN YEARS XN OREGON .

t ions, and it°wa s finished before Mnter.

‘ Mr.Perkins!fami l occupied i t long before i t wa s roofed ; but asthe c ima te wa s dr a nd ra in seldom fel l in summer, i twa s uite safe. evera l trips were mgde to Wa lameta nd. a ncouver by wa ter during the ea r for suppl ies .

One . journey wa s ma de to-Fort Wa ilah-wa l la h to gethorses, a nd a nother over land to theWa lamet sta tion,to obta in ca ttle . These va ri ous journeys and voyagestook us awa y from the sta tion a bout five months ea ch,during the yea r. Immed ia tely on our a rri va l a t thesta tion we began to hold meetmgs wi th the Indians onthe sabba th ; spea king to them int he

“ ja rgon,

” throughmi interpreter. This imperfect medium 0 communiest ion spra ng from the tra ffi c of the wh i tes with theIndians, and i t embra ces some E ngl ish , some French,

many India n words, some Chenook, someWa l la hla b, a nd some ofother tribes, and is understood moreess by indi vidua ls in a lmost a ll the tribes ' beyond

the mounta ins . The ir beha viour a t worshipwa s verserious, and most of them would kneel in t ime ofprayer. Our meet ings were held without, among theoa ks, or under a pine, whose cool ing sha de screenedus from the burning s sca ttering stonesa fforded sea ts for some, and others sa t quietly upon theground ; a ma nner of si tting to which they a re

'wel lused , and which they prefer to a n other. Often

.

wa sthe soul of the spea ker refreshed

ywh ile declaringftd

them “the l ove wherewi th God ha th loved '

us,”and

the hope tha t his la bour would not be in va in “ in the

L ord,’

cheered his hea rt; I n the month of June our

joy wa s suddenly turned to hea viness b the occurrence;on the 2 6th, of tha t mournful event, the dea th of Mrs.

‘

J a son L ee, within a yea r from her ma rriage, a nd lesstha n threemonths since her husba nd left her to o to theUni ted S ta tes ! An express, wi th the melancholy andhea rt/ re a ding intel l igence, wa s sent over the mounta insto the berea ved husband, wh ich overtook him in

'

a l i ttlemore than sixty da ys, a t the S hawnee Mission. Thebea rer of the unwelcome message reached the pla ce

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TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .

of the missionwe cross a beautiful la in of gra ss, ha lfa mi le wide b a mi le a nd a ha lf ong, spotted herea nd there wit r sma ll ba sa l tic isla nds . On our rightflows the Columbia ; on our left a re h il ls two hundredto three hundred feet in height, fringed a t the ir ba sewi th a na rrow,

len thoued strip of oa k a nd iue. L ea ving th is pla in, we egin to a scend among ri l ls, diverging south -westwa rd from the ri ver in our course. The

country for twenty mi les is broken, spa rsely woodedwith yel low pine a nd stinted oak. S ome of the formera re la rge, and may wel l be ca l led the mona rchs of thehil ls. A long kind of moss grows upon them, whichthe na ti ves use a s a n a rticle of food . The gra ss is a s

dry a s ifDa vid’s impreca ti on on themounta ins ofG i lboa

had fa l len upon the thi rst hi lls . Ha ving pa ssed th isregion, we rea ched the va ley of theWh ite Creek a boutnoon, where we h a l ted to ba i t our horses a nd ta ke dinner ; wa ter from a cool ing ri l l rel iev ing our thirst .Ha v ingmounted fresh horses, we mued our way

a long t to eleva ted ba se of high hi lls left. a nd ina bout hours came to the creek wh ich , for ma nymiles , fa r benea th on the right . I t wa s three rodswide, a bout three feet deep, of a milky wh iteness,fi l led wi th la rge smooth stones . However, we crossedi t wi thout disa ster. Here we entered the forest , a t theba se of tha t pa rt of the President

'

s range ofmounta insr of the Columbi a , on whose summi ts standnt volca noes covered wi th perpetua l snow.

On we went , in a na rrow, crooked pa th , amongfa lls a nd under- brush , dodging ri ht a nd left to a voidconta ct with the l imbs tha t stretc red a cross our way.

A t. dusk came to a spot where the ha zel and brake borerule, permi tting only a l it tle ra ss to spring in theirshade . Here we dismounted , robblcd our horses, a ndencamped for the nigh t . A fire wa s struck , some driedsa lmon a nd l amprey- eels roa sted a ndwe sa t down a nd

made a good hea rty Indian suppu hymn and

prayer, we wra pped oursel ves in our bla n ets, laydown under the bushes to a void the dampness of the

YEAR S I N OREG ON?

night, an rested sweetly ti l l the dawnfof the'

nextmorning. A long da y

’s ma rch wa s before us, a nd we

made a n a rl sta rt . My one- eyed manled the way,fol lowed by t 0 horses in ba nds, three or four to a man,one bringing up the rea r. Goingwest a fewmi les,wecame to a branch ofWh ite Creek , which empt ies iit below the ford before described . Up th is, on thesouth s ide, we tra vel led severa l mi les, a nd came to arugged mounta in ba rrier, where the wa ter wa s confinedin a deep ra vine am id high precipitous ba nks . Herethe tra i l crossed to the other side. Our route now laysevera l mi les over a high hi ll, and then fel l aga in uponthe stream we ha d left, and descended a long its tortuous course, one side and the other, a nd a long its bed.

L eaving th is rugged pa th wi thout regret, we rose adua lly to the heigh t of l a nd lying to the south 0 theC a sca des of the Columbia fifteen to twenty mi les . Thehorses had become hungry, a nd the decl ining sun

a lready ch ided our ta rdy progress. A longway to

gra ss— stopping a t such a time, turnin out o the pa th

to browse on the lea ves— ’tis too muc Go a long,

Gra y Hup, lm l” Thewoods ringwi th continua lshouts to our rebe qua drupeds . A len ha rd drivebrou ht us to the top of the hil l , a nd we ega n _to descend, wi th n courage and quickened pa ce, towa rdthe va l ley of S a ndy Creek , where a good encampment awa i ted our a rri va l . We pa ssed on through a

miry tra ck , da rkened by ma jestic evergreens . W e werein the midst of these when night came on a nd com

pelled us to encamp.

‘ S ome of the horses were t ied totrees, a nd the rest were gua rded during the night . Nextmorningwedecamped ea rl and sooncame to the S andy.

This rapid stream risesa tt re ba seofMount Hood ,whosesi l ver summi t appea rs to rest on the shy a bout fifteenmi les off. The fires tha t once raged wi th in its bowels,and bla zed a t its top, seem to ha ve been long extinguished . N a tive lra ditionsays tha tfirew ancientlyseenuponi t, a nd tha t sounds were hea rd by e hunters, who a pprea ched nea r i t, l ike the report ofmuskets, and tha t

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TEN YEARS I N OREGON .

the ground, a nd four oles were la id into them ; anda cross these severa l ot ter ones, bothwa ys, a few inchesa pa rt, forming a kind of India n grid iron. On th is wa ssoon sprea d a bountiful supply of horseflesh, and buil tunder i t a fire of dr ba rk , wh ich soon dried , smoked,a nd roa sted i t “

closli, good . H a ving thus securedstock for oursel ves, we only fel t a nxious for our poorhorses, which were pa ssing a nother night of famine .

Next -morning rose ea rly, a nd renewed our a tta ckhorse mea t . Pa cked wha t we had

'

designed for the“

purpose, a nd continued our ma rch . A fewmi lescame to open ground , a nd pushed our way through

“

h igh bra kes severa l m i les ; a nd a t noon came to a creekwhere, to our joy, we sawgra ss aga in. On th is streamwe encamped .

N ext day, S eptember 1 4 th, we pa ssed on roughtimber a nd pra i rie, a nd encamped where our i ima ls

could get a good supplyofgra ss . Herewe rested a bout

hours . i t the 1 5th, a ftergo ingr mi les, we were com elled to lea ve fi ve of

our a nima ls on a sma l l brea k, a t t re foot ofa very steephill

,which in their

'

famishcd condi tion they hadstrength to a scend . Went a short d ista nce, a nd

cam red the woods .

‘The horses had a plenty

goa t fee Next day, sa bba th , the l6th; had a shortbrea kfa st, a nd reserved a pa rt of tha t for a time ofrea lcr need ; but to our joy we came to the Clakama s{ i ver a bout noon, where we ba i ted our horses, a nd a te

the la st of our dried horse mea t, a nd then went on fourmi les to the Cla kama s India n v il lage, wherewe obta inedsa lmon, a te to sa tisfa ct ion, a nd rested till Monda y .

On Mond a y rea ched the mission just in time to prevent a pa rty of the settlers from going in sea rch of me ,fea ring some disa ster ha d befa l len me in the journey

“

,

a s they knew we had left the Da lls, and l ooked for tnee igh t or ten da ys ea rl ier. M sun-burnt fa ce, prom inentcheek bones , a nd long hea r did not make me unweh

came among them re da ys spent inWa lamet,on the 2 7 thwe sta rted for the Da l ls, wi th fourteen hea d

r en ts i n OREG ON.

of ca ttle. Ha ving a good guide, and two wh ite men,in pla ce ofmy young Chenook a ndWa l la h—wa lla h, thereturn journey wa s ma de without much difl‘iculty.

rea chin the Clakama s, i t wa s found tha t the Indian.

who hadbeen engaged to bring in the t ired horses had .

fulfi l his promise, so ta king“ One- eye

”wi th

me, wewent to get them, lea vin the ca ttle pa rty to goon by themselves ti l l we couldreturn and overta kethem . Frida y eveningwe came to the pla ce, but foundone horse m issing, wh ich we were unable to find.

Three of them, a ma re a nd two colts, by slow stages,we got up the hil l ; but the horse could go but fewsteps, a nd the exertion caused his hea rt to bea t wi thsuch violence a s to sha ke his whole frame, and i t couldbe heard severa l ya rds. Hiswea kened l imbs refusinglonger move, or bea r up his wa sted form, he fel l n on

his side,’

his hea d benea th his body, and d ied oor

horse 1 . The rela tor fel t l ike weepin over his misfortunes ; and had he been a blewould adl ha ve ca rriedhim to the top of the hil l before he ell own, sla in b

There wa s rel ief in the thought,“ he wiil

hunger no more . N ight came onwith hea vy showers,fromwhich we ha d no shel ter to protect us, and weweresoon drenched from head to foot . Next day eveningcame to the Clakama s Ri ver. Here “ One- eye

”re

ma ined in cha rge of the horses, and the writer rode on

four mi les to the vi llage, where he a rrived a bout mid_

night, wet, wea ry, a nd hungry . went into a lodge,found fire a nd dried sa lmon, a te, wa rmed, a nd thentried to sleep,but had l ittle success, beingmuch anno edby sma l l insects common among India ns . Flea s? es .

Monda ywewent onwith the ca ttle pa rty, and rea chedthe Dells sa fely on Frida October 5th. The old manwho wa s to h a ve guide me throu h to the Wa lametcame to the pla ce where h s to ra ve met us a dayor two a fterWe ha d left , a nd went in pursui t of us ; butcould no t fe llow our tra il, a nd so returned . He proba bly supposed we should not be a long so .soon, andtherefore went on a hunt, wh ich eventua ted in ourwa nt

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'

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TEN YEARS I N OREGON .

could do i t . L etme see yen ea t fire,”sa id thewri ter;

da re not do i t ! You cannot do i t I” This wa sage a nd power in uestion, beforemanyhim devour the b a z ing torch, a s they

bel ieved , aga in and aga in. This wa s too much ; hisreputa tion wa s in danger, and his friends were nr ent,

confident tha t the doubter be conv inced . l- ta

na n- ich l— Now see the doctor ea t fire !” Havin a

bundle of sma l l st icks of wood a bout two inc es

in diameter, a nd severa l inches long, he l ighted one

end, a nd when i t bla zed wel l thrust lt into his mouth ,

instantly clos ing his l ips a nd ext inguish ing the flame.

A t th is a smi le of triumph rested on everyfa ce.

“ G i veme a bundle of sticks,

”sa id the wri ter. The sticks

being given, were l ighted a nd put into the ha nd of anIndia n who wa s nea r . New see a ll of you.

only b keeping the wind awa y from i t , ma kes i t goout. 1 0 does not ea t i t . Put ting my hands a roundthis wi ll do the same : there, i t is out, you see : myhands d id not ea t i t, only shut the a ir out. Fire can

not l ive without wind .

" Allwere mute . S pea king tothe doctor he sa id , “ You decei ve the eoplo Ohem- it-ka h— certa inly ,

” he repl ied . te eoplo a

ca red to be convinced but probablywere t inking t eWri ter wa s a very grea t mcdz cinema n, beingmore thana ma tch for a fi re- ea ter.

Formerly itwa s a preva i l ing customfor the“ medic ine

men”a t the dancing festi va ls to la cera te their fleshwi th

sha rpos tones or kni ves, ma king deep cuts ; a nd wh i lethe blood wa s gushing out, scoop i t up in _

their ha nds,a nd drink i t, to appea se a nd gra tif their blood- th irstytam- a n- a -wa s tha t raged wi thin. robably i t wa s pretended by these deceivcrs . tha t their “ fami l iar s ” de

l ighted ia blood , in order to inspire the poor dupes'

oftheir bla ck a rtwi th an a biding drea d of their displea sure,who could comma nd the service of such ma l ic iousa

gents . The l imbs and bodies of many exhibi t sca rs

w rich origina ted in th is diabol ica l pra cticDuring thewinter a circumstance came under the

TE N YE ARS I N OREGON .

writer’s notice wh ich may be rela ted here, wh ich is in

keeping with the known cha ra cter of the Dells Indianssince thewhites first knew them. S evera l Indians fromWishham ca l led one day a t the mission

, a nda l one _

ia the room where they used to sit to camera s or

come to getmedicine, one of them, when a n opportuni tyserved, went into an adjoini room a nd found a ma rketunder his blanket for two rts a nd a vest, on whichhe a nd his pa rty soo

'

n left,h a ving los t the ir incl ina tion

to rema in there a ny longer. The next sa bba th he cametomeet ing, wea ring the vest, wh ich he ca reful] coveredwi th his blanket, so tha t i t wa s not seen till serviceclosed , when he forgot to keep i t h id , a nd thus the th iefrevea led himself, and showed ra t revious suspicionswere wel l founded . The vest a n one of the sh irtsonl were recovered .

IKifliculties often a rise about roperty on the decea seof rela ti ves. A ca se of th is liind took pla ce a t theDa l ls sta tion this winter . Ta h- la c- oow- it, the India nmentioned before, wa s l i v ing there, a nd a t work for themission. He Occupied a sma l l house, with his fami ly,consisting of his wife and her mother, ich bel on edto the mission. After a time his wife

, who adbeen long in a consumption, d ied . The wri ter wa s

“

present a t the time, a nd wa s engage

d in prayer whena n spiri t took its flight. A s he a rose, the wa tchfulmother caught wi th her e e the la st gasp, a nd wa s in;slantly overwhelmed wi th end a nd fra ntic grief. Whenthe buria l a nd the mourning ha d ended

, the brotb r ofthe decea sed be an to annoy the bereft husba nd a boutthe property,mi made his visits so frequent, a nd urgedhis unrea sona ble cla ims so madly, tha t a qua rrel ensued,a nd a ba ttle of pul l ing ha ir, a nd a fter th is a strife towrench an axe from ea ch other’s gra sp, tha t one mi htha ve i t to fight the other to some pur ose . A t t issta te of the a lfray, the wri ter entered tlie l it tle housewhere they were, seized the weapon, and wrested i tfrom them; and then la ying hold of theha ir, showed him theway out into the

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TEN YEARS OREGON .

nds found ea ce . He and Camp

erienne.S o did

‘

amsonWi lder. Here

a re the names of severa l whobelonged to th

e school .

This bia,wa s of the S a s

tyIndia ns, who iuhab

of the a l amet V a l ley ; a ndE l i

'

a h “ adding,

the first chief ofthe Wa l la h -wal A lso Antoine

a nd O z ro Merrill,

B ingham,of the Ca lapooya n

a tion ;

a nd his s ister, Ha rriet Newel l , Chenooks,

brother a nd

Wm. B rooks, who wastaken to the Unite

d

where he a lso embra ced

died in the ci t ofNew‘hese con

happ tn the drvrne a vour

work , tha t meetings continued tobe held

for some

ndcd to man hea rts .

S evera l more 0ild

'

renwere justifi ed , and

some more of the ntes . One of these wa s Mr.

S mith ,mentioned in cha ter 1 2 th . Hewa s then living

alamet , nca r Chehalim. He

fel t his need of justify ing gra ce, and had l‘ll

t

the work the miss ion. At th is time r.

Perk ins, who ha dwitnessed the bless

ed work a t th a tFort Van

pla ce, ca l led on him,

betng o

couver .Finding him

dom,

” he

in to an instant sIf

noth ing doubting ;a nd wh ile theye

ngaged

,

in

fG od fi l led hisbel ievin

gI‘

he joy 0L esl ie wa s crown

et in the

'

ttle da nglrters . S evera l

merciful visitation. Of

others were a received nrto secret

the frui ts , twenty- seven werewa s bel ieved had a lso tested of t re

but severalmore it

oed word of l ife, and fel t the saving gra ce

l is name be pra ised !Henceforth i t sha l l he sa id,

“ Wha t ha th G od wrough tl " s incehe thus vis it

ed his

Pi mple, and the Gent iles inthese

wi th his sa lva tion ! dnced a t the mission byThe ha ppy sta te intro

merciful v isi ta t ioncont inu

'r sn vnAa s"rn'

-ons atiiv'

z'

'

after a t ime, severa l turned away, and there came a- sea son of tria l , a nd the love ofma ny wa xed cold . Butthe flame of love tha t had been kindled continued toburn in some hea rts, and wa s revived in others, a ndsonre who had wandered awa had a sin returned a t

difl'

erent‘ times, and been rec a imed rom their ba ck

sl id ings . One of the subjects of th is rev iva l wa s a

onth named George S totenburgh. Hewa s fromNework sta te, and ta ken to Oregon by Dr.Whi te, inwhosefamily he l i ved mostly ti l l his dea th, wh ich took pla ceonthe l6th ofAugust, 1 839. Hewa s crossing the ri veron horseba ck a t a ford a bout a mi le below the mission,when the current sweeping his horse into the deepwa ter below the ford, hewa s suddenly drowned . Hisbody wa s swept down severa l mi les, where, a fter severa l weeks, i t wa s found by some India ns, a nd, beinbrought up to .the

’

mission, wa s buried .

'

The sa bba t ibefore - Ire wa s a t the sa bba th school , and seemed tota ke a n unusua l] deep interest in the exercises, a s

the writer lea rns from Mr. S hepa rd . We trust therewasgeod rea son for hope in his dea th . He wa s a

lad in‘

understandin in a dvance of his yea rs, a nd ha d

he l i ved would likegy ha ve been above the m iddle gra deof men in good or in evi l . But the L ord ha th done a s

i t plea sed him, a nd he is too wise to err, and too goodto do evil .

3

Another dea th wa s tha t of Thoma s Peka h , a boutten yea rs old . He died An ust 2 2 d. His fa ther wa sa na t ive of the S andwich 1 8 ands, a nd his mother wa sof the Chenook tribe of India ns . He had been in the

“

mission abont‘

two yea rs, and most of the time wa s asubject ofpa inful scrofulous disea se. He sha red in therev iva l , wa s rema rkably pa tient in his sickhess, a nddied in pea ce. One or two circumsta nces of his shorta nd dyin l ife I wil l ment ion. B eing a t theWelamoion the se ba th , some months before he d ied , the writer

' took him out to wa lk a l ittle way a long the bank] oftheriver, wli in a point of wood- la nd nea r

'

us, we overheard a er boy engaged in ea rnest

"

prayer. We

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ea se forced him to ta ke his bed, where,after sufferingotly for a bout twenty da ys, i t became necessa ry, _

a s

only hope of sa ving his life, to resort to the pa infulcess ofamputa t ion . Thiswa s done December 1 1 th,D r . Wh ite, a ssisted by Dr. B a i ley and Mr. W ilson.

endxxrcd a ll wi th rema rka ble pa tience and resignat ion. Through a ll his sufferings,

”sa id

thi z ing excel lent wife, in a letter of thecember,

“ I ha ve not hea rd a murmur to escape hisl ips but in his most trying hours, he could rejoice a ndsxng pra ises to God An opport uni ty to forWa rd

' theletter of wh ich th is is a n extra ct not occurring

'

till the

2 7 th, he wrote me a few l ines in the ma rgin, thehis ha nd ever onned, which brea the the same spiri twith tha t quoted

,

a bove . Including a ll a t the D olls sta

t ion, he save, December 2 7 th : Dea r BrethrenS isters, - Fceling a desire to say a few words to yoxxth is morning, S usan ha s kindly unsea led her letter to

purpose. I am very feeble in body, a nd

lie on my ba ck from morning ti l l night ne xl a te I ha ve been permitted to txxrn on

‘

myto lie ra ised on m bed for a short sea son, to

rel ieve the pa in tca uscd by ly

yin in one posi t ion so l ong.

But the doctor begins to th in tha t even th is, on thewhole , is in

'

nrioxxs , a nd discourages I ha ve la inmidnig i t t il l ten o

’clock , A . M. , the same posit ion, a nd bea r i t very wel l . Dr. Wh i te ha s been vcr

a ttentive indeed since my si ckness, a nd ha s done a lful ly to sa tisfaction. All the brethren and sisters seemto ta ke del ight in exerting themselves to manifest theirs mpa tby a nd k indness in every manner possible . It xink no person xxn hea ven ever wa s more kindlya nd fa ithful l a ttended to than I ha ve been dxxring mysickness . Express ions of deep sympa th a re pouringin from every qua rter. French , E ngl is Americans,nor must I exclude the peer Indians, ha ve gi ven une

quivoca l roof of their sympa thi zing love. I cannotsay I thinx I sha l l get up from this bedwhereon I ha vegone down. God ha s dea l twi th me in a mannerwhich

ra n rei ns”

an: onesen'

every anxious thought I could never ha ve concei ved tobc'

possible. Under the

Ha py they . if the lay theseWa rnings to hea rt . ‘ His v P lioxce 18 now ha s

pora ry, his ga in eterna l . Thus does the L ord buryin home to rest

,

”while he

on his work . . J am- 2 d thea sermon being prea ched

a nd ca rriesfunera l ri tes were performed

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

TEN YEAR S I N '

ORE GON .

irriga ted from the spring. The Indians, some oi' them,

slxewed a disposi tion to a va i lthemsel ves of the fruits

of our industry, by ha rvesting some of

withoxxt oxxr consent . Of th is propensi ty

quentproofs , in one form or a nother. S o tha t we were

often reminded of a sta tement which the wri ter heard

Genera l Andrew J a ckson ma ke,when Indian

“

lxenesty

wa s mentioned a s exist ing in a pa rticula r tribe,You

need not tel l me,”sa id he

“ Ind ianswi ll stea l B e

s ides a ttending to the fa rm, another house wa s a lso

began, a nd so fa r ished a s to a dmi t the holding of

meetings in i t, in the winter, whichwa s some imp

rove

ment on the preceding yea r ; when we had to m

eet

wi thout and worsh ip in t xe wind,wh i le the na tives sa t

down in the snow.

B efore the revxva l among the Ind i a ns a t the B ells ,

and in its vicinity, wh ich took la ce in the fa l l a nd win

ter of 1 839 a nd 1 840, a nd wlnch, in order of t ime, ha s

its pla ce here, is trea ted of, let me

intredxxce the reader

f la r a c ua intance with the Indians in

these pa rts, andwith their cha ra cter. Tenmi les above

the sta ti on a t the S heets a re two v i llages, Tekin and

Wixmx. These a re Wa l la h -wa l la hs . A t the L ong

N a rrows on the north side is Wishham,here we first

meetwith the Chenooks . Next threemi lesbel ow is K a

cles- Ito, nea r wh ich the mission houses stand, (impre

perly ca l led Wa s- ce-

pem .) Ten m i les, you come to

Cla t- a -exi t on the north side .Fifteen mi les fxxrther

down is K le-mi a k - sa c a nd K ew- il- a -mow- ou.Three

mi les more, No-nooth- tect, then S ea l- ta lpe, andWeh

he a t the hea d of the Ca sca des . Besides, on the north

s ide of the r iver, a slxert distance inland , were the

Chick- a ta t India ns, a nd to the south twenty

-fi ve mi les

the v illage of'

l‘

il-han-ne, inha bi ted by t oWa l la h

Wa lla hs . The v illages named a l ong the river

the D olls down to t xe Ca scades a re the wxnter resi

xlence of many who pa ssthe

‘ other of these fisheries .

two thousand of a ll ages .

l-ltcir S llfl tnxor a ta "

From the D olls IndiansAll these number less than .

was Y'

elms m e'

ns ooxx.‘

wa s their determina tion to plunder, tha t

years theHudson’sBayCompanywerecomt rem t h a la rge force, and

'

restra in themed tthe

‘ tlxe -K inse used forma ri to ta ke an annua l tribute .ofsa lmon, a lleging tha t t e fishery belon cd to .

them.

Whether or not their cla ims were wel l ounded, theirsuperi or power inWa r kept their tributa ries in object sub.

m‘

xssien. These exa ctionswere formerlymore rigorousthannew; a t resent they a re concea led under the showof

”

tra ffic. hey-buy a t their own price, compel l ing

them to sel l even their own stock of provisioxxs, so a s

to ha ve l i ttle left to subs ist on themselves . Anothercause , nea rly a s oppressive, which occurs a lmost everyyea r, a nd ma kes a dra ft on their s a lmon stores, is thea ggression of some of their poorer neighbours of thenea rer inland tribes . These come to the fisheries a fterthe end of the sa lmon sea son, whi le the fishermen a re

gone into the mounta ins to ga ther the ir ea rly s tock of

berries, and rob the ir sa lmon ca ches . T xcse a re cel la rswhich they dig in the sand , where they deposits wi thmuch ca re a xxd secrecy the fruits of their summer’s toi l

,

a nd theirwinter’s ho e . Thus pi l laged, every returnings

pring‘finds many 0 them in a bject want . Formerly

t xey ad wa rs wi th the C lam- a ths and the Zwa n—hxooks,who inha bit the coxxntry fa r to thesoxxth a nd southea st . S ome of the former tribe they hold in sla very .

Mon yea rs ago the r ich hunting groxxnd of the Wa lamet a l ley a ttra cted the K inse thi ther in cha se -of thedeer. Onderness, wDells, by ath is a nd theThis blood

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TEN YEAR S OREGON .

wh ich he'

had recei ved in pa rt from'

me ;~and ix-wa s.not len before hehad s tripped him of the

‘

whole, andtlxexx left him to die, or ha stened his dea th . The peer“

xna n had no frlends, and the doctor wa s safe.A swe sh a l l ha ve occa sion to notice instances of thesepra ctices inthe progress ofourwork, the writerwi l l onlymention briefly the ma nner in which t is sometimesperformed , which wi l l gi ve the render some idea of itsdegra ding na ture . S evera l poles a re tied together a tthe ends, a nd from six to ten men a re a rra nge

da lonthem ixx a s itting posture, ea ch ha ving a stick witwhich he boa ts on the 0108 ; a nd thus a loud ja rringxxeise is produced , wlxiciimay be hea rd a long dista nce .This is a ccompa nied wi th a kind of singin in wh ichthe medicine ma n” lea ds

, whi le he knccf‘s nea r hispa t ient on the other side of the p

olls, ma kingho

rrid

contortions a xid grima ces, a s if some demoxxxa c wa sraging wi th in. The cha nt is not long, and then, a ftera few m inutes, is renewed aga in, and thus re os tedsevera l times . The way be ing new repxxred, eprea ches his pa tient, a nd, a fter a pa infu a nd pcrscv

’

eeffort, wi th his mouth appl ic a s a cupping-

gla sstra nsfers the “

sko-kem, or tam- an- a -wa s,’or disea se, wholly or in pa rt from the pa tient to

.

h imself Inthis stage of the trea tment two men a pproa ch him, andta king hold of ropes a boxxt his wa ist a nd benea th hisa rms, free him from the pa t ient, when e a ppea rs a sone dead . Very soon he begins to show s igns of l ifea l imb moves, he mxxtters, turns, gets on his ha nds a ndknees, rises slowly u

p, ca xx ha rdly sta nd

,

prows stronger

, summons a mig xty effort l- mus ic ifts, la bours !ma kes a xx xxnea rthly scream, and v iolently throwing outhis a rms a t ful l length, ejects the evi l principle, a nd heis now ready for a new onsetL ea ving their med ica l fa cxxlty, we wi l l now leek '

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TE N YEARS I N OREGON .

prayers, when a portion o

fNewTestament his

tory wa s expoundedby one of us . S uch wa s their

interest in the meetings,tha t the want of cloth ing suf

cm from the cold , or ofshoes to keep

the frost a nd snow— for even ma ny0

thewomenhad none— could not keep them awa y , though

they had to wa lk a mi le in going a

nd returning.

let me a sk, in this Christ ia nla nd , would do more th

a n

th is in order to hea r the blessed gospel? S ome time

a fter my return from theWa lamet, there be ing a bout

twenty souls , men a nd women, in deepdistress . on a c+

count of their s ins , a nd a ppa rently nea r the k ingdom,

”

we met in a specia l prarer meet ing, where few

except

those were present . ere wa s ea rnest , uni ted pra y

ing, a nd the“ k ingdom of hea ven wa s ta ken by v io

lence .

" More th a n ha lf the number ga ve evidence of

a happy cha nge .

'

l‘

lreir agita ted hea rts fel t a n nu

known p joyful smi le sa t on their fa ces , a nd

the name of Jesus .Mi-cah Jesust good l

"

a lone a rt

thou a rt

had been a

of these , aton

” by hiswa s some by Mr. Perkins wh

yhe

rose so mu mcrly.

“Why,”sa i he,

“ I ca nnot slecp. .When I

goh ome and lie down, I

th ink 0 our tea ching, a nd I cannot sleep.

I sleep a

l ittle, a then dream I a in meeting, and my hea rt

is a ll the t ime ta lk ing ov wha t you say. My hea rt

wa s formerly a sleep, I so but now it is awake .

” A s

soon a s his own proud s iri t wa s humbled , a nd his

troubled conscience had eund pea ce, he sou ht his

wife a nd daugh ter,knelt by them,

and told t rem to

pl‘

l’

l

Ilere ma y be gi ven a specimen of their praying.

'r s rt zmnuts.m: onseo

‘

rvr

God~on‘high, we now prayIto t hee. Our

thee not, they died in da rkness, but we.

ha ve hea rd of thee, —n‘

0wwe see a l i ttle; Trulywea rewretched l .Our hea rts vvere bl ind ,— da rk a s night,—a lways foolisl1 ,—f- 0ur ea rs closed ! Our hea rts bad,T a ll bad, —a lwa ys bad, -ful l of evi l ,—noth in

'

g good,no

"

; one Thou knowest l Truly we praynow to thee.

0 ma ke us good Put awa y our ba d hea rts. Give usthy Holy S piri t to make our hea rts soft ! Our hea rtsa re ha rd l ike a stone. G ive us l ight . 0 ma ke our hea rtsnew,

—goed , —a ll goed ,— a lwa ys good Formerly we

stole,— told l ies,— were ful l of anger ; now done‘fN a sh-kc a lka Ira -dew l— Never aga in so l"

we des ire thee, 0 come into our hea rts, — now come !J esus Christ thy S on d ied for us ; 0 Jesus, wa sh ourhea rts ! “ Minch’t- cah-meet cow-o- lute quich-cahBehq ld and blessS evera l others were soon a fter added to th is number.

Mrs . Perkins new devoted a pa rt of every day inpra er

meetings wi th the fema les, a nd the work continue to

prosper. The voice of pra yer wa s new hea rd in theedge, and wood , a nd glen ; the ea rly morning a nd theevening were voca l wi th the suppl ia nt

’s voice, a nd the

la ce where the church -going hell” wa s “

neverca rd,

” wa s honoured with,the presence of the Head “

of the church” inmany a ha llowed sp0t . _where he met'

the contri te sinner returning from his ways .

”

There . Wa s,an oldman, who for some t ime steed

a loof from the work , beca use others of a l ower classtook the lead in i t ; a nd th is made him of less conse- j

quenee than he desired, and he had opposed the l ittleba nd for severalweeks; Durin th is t ime he wa s in

ry unhappy sta te ofmind . nc da

ga s the writer

wa s spea k ing wi th him .closely a bout ‘

ed, whomwI

?wa s bound to obey a nd love, he seemed deeply

.we t,'

a nd wh ile we rayed together his tearsflowed‘ t

jrbely ; he did not, rowever, icld his liea rtgtes

God till thewlst of May, severa l weeks a fter. How

do you feel i”sa id Mr. Perk ins to a nother old ma n a s .

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TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .

la h-wa l la hs, a t the S heets, wi th good effect . He hada cquired the prev ious summer a sufficient knowledge oftheir la nguage to ena ble him to sp

ea k it wi th fluency.The writer’s la bours among the ndia ns a t Va ncouverwere not a ttended with a s much success a s a bove theC a scades ; yet he ha s no rea son to regret his a ttem tto do them good , but ra ther is ha ppy in the thoughttha t he wa s permi tted the honour to unfold to them thelove wherewi th Christ ha th l oved them. N igh t and

from house to house, he prea ched unto them Jesus.

y then hea rd, a nd never before, the simple, pure18 of t ie gospel ; and tha t, a s a eople, they wi l l

ever aga in hea r them, is not probab e, for there a re

influences thrown a round them which cut off the approa ch of ruth . But he tha t goeth forth , andwi th tea rssows the precious seed , ha s no cause to be a shamedthe seed may appea r a fter ma ny days ; but if not, ifthe ta res spring up, he knows their origin and hisMa ster’s direction, “ L et them grow unti l ha rvest .”

While here the wri ter prea ched frequently to the h iredserva nts of the Hudson’s B ay Compa ny, a ndpea red to bea r wi th some interest . Oftenwa s spea king to them wa s his own spiri t refreshed .

the word mixed wi th fa ith in them who hea rd ?0 tha t the fruit may be found after many da 8 l ”

I n the fort he usua l ly prea ched twice on the sab a th.

The a ttention of a llwa s serious, a nd the L ord stood byhis servant, tha t he might open his mouth boldly,a nd s eak a s he ought to spea k .

” I n the va rious effortswhich

7

he ma de here to benefit the different cla sses, hebel ieves tha t he Wa s a ctua ted wi th a pure desire, em

bra ein his own sa l va tion, the glor ofGod, and ‘ thegood e

lfsouls . The L ord be pra ise who stren thened

my hands, a nd cheered my hea rt, in the tor s, and

tria ls, a nd tempta tions of tha t period . To the gentlemen of the com any he wi l l ever feel under grea tobl iga t ions for their ma ny k ind a ttentions towa rdhim,

” during his res idence there a t tha t t ime .

On the 1 3 th ofFebrua ry Mr. Perkins met me there,

when”

ram s titca isson.

h a ving just come from the-

Del ls . Hefound muchsnow a t the Ca sca des, a nd suffered cons idera bly frome xposure on the trip . We were gla d to meet, a nd to. spea k of the work of God

, a nd to pray together oncemore for its a dvancement .

thea ll the vi llages a bove the Ca sca des

,where he ha d la boured

, on his way down, and foundthem in a prosperous sta te, “ wa lk ing in the truth .

”Ha ving been previously instructed in the

'na ture a nddesign of the ordina nce of ba ptism, they were most ofthem now be tiz ed

, both a dults a nd chi ldren. Whocould “ forbi wa ter tha t"

they should be be tiz ed ?ia lly when, a ccord ing to S cripture examp 0 , theyha ve been a dmitted to tha t ordina nce on the daythey fi rst bel ieved . The sea son wa s one ofgrea t joy to the writer ; and the ha ppiness of thesepoor yet s imple bel ievers wa s another proof of theof the gospel to triumph over the deepest degraand the most a bject desti tution. This only d id,a nd .this only could, produce the change tha t wa s seenamong them. Their former enmi ties a nd qua rrelsamong neighbours and ia -fami l ies

, wh ich were frequent,were subdued, a nd pea ce now rera i led among them.A rra n ements were now made fdr a camp meeting, toho ' he d ea rl in the month of Apri l, a bout ' six mi lesbelow the ga lls; a nd three miles from -

‘

the miss ionhouse, a t a pla ce .ca lled Cow- e- lap'

s' A rrivin a t the sta ti on

, one more interviewwi th Mr.a nd Mrs.Terkins wa s my joyful pri vi lege ; a nd herea la rge number of the Cacla sco Indians,nea r them, were, on the few following da ys, includinglg)‘a. sa bba th

, bapt ized . Here my spiri t wa s grea tly.

e:freshed by seeing th extended influence of. the gorge!amon them.

" T a iiin Mr. Perkins, we went to Wishha t‘rt. ‘ 5HereWe foundthe peo lo enga ed in the duties '

of theird he (1 severe meetings inpublic, in theca rer“ s itt in " a n “ w e

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TE N YEARS I N OREGON .

co m i n to j u dge , to rewa rd ; comm iss i on to his d i sc ip les ; entecost ; labo u rs , and s u ffer i n

gs , and s u ccess ,

11nd death of the apostles ; the i r own u ty to obey theword of Ch r is t, never t u rn ing aga i n to the i r form erw icked ways the Holy S p ir i t ; the new hea rt , w i thoutwh ich noth i ng wo u ld ava i l tha t th i s was necessorder to be good

,or do good

,or ensure oed

th ro u gh J es u s Chr is t on ly ; he died for t iem .

these tr u th s they l i stened w i th the mos t earnes t a ttent ion and apparen t devot i on . S u ch deep and generalsole m n i ty the wr i ter h as seldom w i tnessed . In the lnterva ls of p u bl ic worsh ip they w i thdrew some dislancefrom the gro u nd and engaged i n prayer a lone . Pra ersi n the i r ho u ses i n th e even in closed the day.

'

lyhus

the t ime was emp loyed t i l l 1 10 ens u i ng sabbath,

m ee t ing h av i ng con t in u ed from u day, when th eco m m u n i on was ad m in is tered to severa l h u nd red s . To

the ad m in is trator i t was a day of labo u r, but on e ofrefresh ing from the presence of the L ord .

”The

sole m n prese nce of G od see m ed to pervad e al m os t '

every heart, and 1 deep con v ict ion that grea t was thelove of Chr is t i n dy ing for 110, whose dea th we nowreco nised i n the bread and w i ne wh ich we a te a nddra nc as e m ble m s of h is broken body and h i s shedblood .

Th u s ended a day tha t the wr i ter w i l l long re m e mber w i th thankfu lness to the God of love tha t he wase ver per m i tted to see i t ; and h e ex ects to mee t precious so u l s, w i th who m he enjoyed tiia t com m u n i on , i nthe ki ngdom of heaven , and Wi ll ever pray i n hope ofthat event . The next d ay o u r mee t ing closed in grea tpeace ; and al l the I nd ians sca ttered to th e i r var i o u sq u ar ters to engage i n re m ov ing to the i r fishin -gro u ndsa ga ins t the arr iva l of the sa l m on a nd thus iite w ri t e rw i l l leave the m for the 1 1 1

-ment, a nd not ice the m ovemen t of affa i rs a t the \iVa lamet s ta t i on d own to ' thepresen t per iod .

The m iss i on school , u nder the care of Mr. Ge iger,n n rn lu xr n rl tlr i v l " c i v a m ] 4 L » :

there fol l

TE N 1 10 1 11 0 I N ens eemwa s e ncourag ing

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TE N YE AR S m 011 130012

CHAPT E R XVI I I .

Deseri tion of tho Columbia R iver, dike , ra pids, rocky islands, doeWhirl oo in which a pa rty belon 01

3331 the Hudson’

s Ba Com any were0030] ed, a nd most of them pens 0 Indianmode of (is ing ore thanone thousand Indians employ a portion of the ir limo in tho sa lmon fisheryThe Ca sca des— Ind ian hymn and transla tion.

A scrmmne th is ma jes tic ri ver two hundred a ndeighty m i les, amidst ba sa lt ic co lumns a nd overhan ingmounta ins , we a rri ve a t the Da l ls, where the w 010volume of the ri ver, ha lf a m i le wide, rushes through

031 na rrow channel, which the a ction of the wa terha s formed in the course of ages, throu h-

eu extendedtra ct of the ha rdest ba sa lt . Two mi es below the

L a rge D a l ls, or, a s named by some, the L ong N a r

rows, is a dike extend ing from the south shore threefourths a cross, which is ba re in low wa ter, turningthe current into a deep bay on the north s ide ; but thehigh wa ter pours over i t, a nd forms a dangerous rapid .

Rea ching the foot of the Dolls , our a ttenti on is a rrested by severa l roeky isla nds tha t for ages ha ve horneunmoved the shock of the mighty bi l lows which, a t anea rl ier period, severed them from their neighbouringrocks . One of these is a depo t for the bod ies of thedea d . Those squa rewooden huts, te very way,a re their tombs . S ome of them a re very a ncient ; butthe clima te is dry, a nd deca y slow. Howmany gene

ra tions of red men here min 10 their dust ? Who cantel l ? Tha t long, bla ck rocfi, mid- channel, some distance below, is covered in high wa ter, a nd there is nea r

M a ny yea rs ago a boa t of theHudson’s B ay y Wa s drawn mto i t, and mostof the crew pe A m i le brings us to the hea dof the cha sm, which , diminishing in brea d th to this

'

only from thirtyto fifty ya rds broa d .

fishers swing t ieir nets, standing on a

sued to the rocks, a nd extended a few .

aming wa ters. S ee there, the net will'

“ 0 “

r evingremote period ; s incewh ich the cuts at the S hort a rrows, a nd below thema de ; the la tter ha ving openedugh a compa ct

f texh ibit tra ces of the a ction of, thewa ter.

.2 .. The dry rocky isla nds a rthe proba bledirectionof the current . 3 .

'The trequedeep cuts in the ha sh“like those a long the present beBut the immense h um . A r 4

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TE N YEARS KN OREGON .

with in the l a st three or four centuries . Above them,

for more than twenty mi les, the river appea rs to be

twenty feet and upwa rd a bove its former bed. The

Ind ia ns say

these fa l ls a re not a ncient , a nd tha t their

ged without obstruct ion in their ca noes a sa lls.

They a lso a ssert tha t the river wa sdammed up a t th is pl a ce, wh ich caused the wa ters to

rise to a grea t hei ht fa r above, and tha t a fter cuttinga pa ssa e throug i the imped ing ma ss down to its

present ed, these ra pids first ma de their appea rance .

I‘

he extens ive sa nds in th is pa rt of the r iver, a nd .the

trunks of trees sta nd ing erectwhere they ew, twentyfeet below h igh Wa ter, ma ke it probable t at th

e Ca s

ca des a re of modern da te, and tha t the cha nnel wa slower tha n a t present . S ome of thesetwenty to th irty feet h igh , and two to

three feet through . The wood with in is ha rd and

sound ; no pa rt a ppea rs petrified .

'

l‘

he suppos i tion tha ta subsidence ha s occurred here a p ears groundless .

Admit a dam a t the Ca scades, and h ose appea rances

perplex no more, their origin ms na tura l . A t the

Ca sca

des there a re indica tions tha t the stream ha s leftits former bed, in wh ich its course wa s westwa rd , a nd

abruptly turning to the south , rushes on and plunges

down in th a t direction nea rly a mile. Then gradua l lyturning to the west one- fourth of a m i le, we find the

fi rst ra nd ; thence a mi le, the middle rapid ; and

mile an a ha lf further, e lower mp z’

d . Th is appeato be a new cha nnel .Above the Ca sca des, a t the point where the r iv

begins to turn towa rd the south , a nd where probablyused to flow,

is found a very low shore, wh ich ex

tends ba ck, forming a dee bay among the h i lls . in the

direction of S trawberry i)

sl a nd . Furt lnz

course a re severa l sma l l ponds, sepa ra ted b interveningridges of l a nd ; and then crossing a love h a ll a mi le.

we come to the sine, wh ich a t the time of h igh wa ter

runs ea st of the isl a nd . The land on both s ides ofthis route is much broken. the deen g lens a nd nrecioi

Wh irls;‘ lea'

ps ,

“ fl u .

TE N YE AR S I N DRE GON

and thunders down iexulting, with a bound ,mpetuous to the grodnd.

"

tous p les being‘

eovered with trees and shrubs. Theba nks nea r the river

'

present a mixed forma tion ofva rious kinds of ea rths, of different colours, a nd stonesin equa l va riety. B a sa lt ic and

grani tic rock a bounds;

and immense ma sses of the cong omera te a re frequent .Petrifactions a re very

“common. B locks of i t mayseen two to three feet long, and more than a footth ickness. One veryla rgeha s beennot iced , one- fourtha mi le from the river, a t a n e leva t ion ofone hundred feThe stream, forced into a new cha nnel , now wa shes

the ba se of the mounta ins tha t bound its southern shore;whose ragged sides reta in the recent ava lanchor rest, the vora cious element benea th ha vingsa t ia ted wi th the ma ssive contribut ions of rcmoter peeria ds . Often from these fea rful heights the severed rock,

To ma ke th is va st exca va tion between the oppositemounta ins ha s ta ken ma ny centuries, and the river ha sdoubtless been the

.

“ch iefworkman but other agents

ha ve been employed, and amon these the ea rthqua keha s been the most powerful a n effec t ive, rea ding thea dama ntine ba rrier, a nd sha kingdown the overwhelmingsl ides .

_

The Ca scades a re not proba bly formed of a ny

portion

‘

of the supposed immense sl ide, nor by the upca ving of the rocks benea th . by a n ea rthqua ke ; buti t seems rea sonable to suppose tha t th is stern ba rrieroccupied a nciently the same position, a nd tha t the riverhad to .cl imb over it in order to fol low its new cha nnel .But, lea ving these thoughts to the scientific , wha t sayyou to a visit to th is l i ttle world ? To see the wor k sof G od

,wha t desol a t ion: he ha th made in the earth .

”

E mba rked on the pla cid wa ters, we emerge fronibetween two a lmost na ked mounta ins , six m i les abovethe Ca scades .

“ I - ak l wa ke S ci—yah,”

(turn Wa ter,)cries the man a t the stern, quick , the fa l ls a re nea r.

”

Awaywe fly, might and ma in.

“ Thesemen a re ex.

pa s a lppttu a q'

t pmmoi ueeq inq uelst a rp aeeu 00;a ns 30 1: team om ‘

J OAOMOH'

OABJ h arem a padessaiflmoueu os ‘

OtlllM°

srw 1pw ‘uo issiw uofioro

- mpJO piling

'

JW ieqi a sa rp sum 11 ;ptder e t 30opts retpo a no ra iem snoraflusp out ow;Kama i on efi niaq gone 0 ;‘siqi reau deani snui em fuel .mo .uo

iBuis'

se am am puelsgefiml a qi molaq Ba ll qo iqm‘

pidsr.rs/norsq; o i umoppa ooordmou 9M p arafina pua linea r?'

smeaq 450mJO sa Aq a rp pue‘smouiq Bugfier eqi .

_qi iMpmleqmm ao sownawos a re Kelp so

‘

nsir ‘

ieerfi i a anqtpidei a rp unr sa oueo puesiecqqioq‘i oa emp q

‘Bugpua osep'

aa ieM mi l-. J Q a fipo s ip or umop guiodKnee: Gt! sismqi'

qoiqm l ll‘l isui JO noeq opts quou sqruo spew s! a fieuod e uoqi pue‘

qfi iq 8! .i a a gr an ueqmJ afiuep gea r?

go ea s|d e s! 3! th is

‘

l|]00u1 8 onn ra iema lp

'

pug am a are Sl ‘il ie pue‘

pger a |ppiui sq; oi umopKlaus? OAOUI am_

M oN “ i pi eq s ipped i peaqa "9M mo“Goff— i dil

- e (log-ueu a solg “

'

a a s nod ‘J a iemqiooui suia qi ua om aq oa a q

‘

peaqe sda o onqm pue‘srap iqma sq ‘

°

pau uelu sq 10a pea u nod t ags'

i !s'

ssouia .rreqr M OU )| more a n,uafiuep on s; oxeqz‘

M ou se ‘J OWM MO[ a t ing 10v u; pn pue

qa ea sunqs pue wa rp qfinoup saqsnr eoueo qqfi il aqi‘

poea r i sa pum .ira q i u; 30A m a inBuawa .ra rmuoa pefiuri a p lim it s or uopom isa p neieoan sloodpgqm Apa a rfl1mmpue ‘io a dse [ap es] emesa ; sraqea rq snoa a i sio

poopBugmp‘

pider -isry a rp iv'

sepui Olly inoqe‘

pidsawnoutos pue‘Buons wa rms s ip pug "nus em

‘Bur-

puoosap uI'

spa ned usaq figam"gin 11 “

'

poo8 si 11?q-o a so ig so; uouiles e a MON°

qoeasafi i eqo m o; “

‘

ua q pue .l flpMOd —‘pind eq st a ir«t ea a oueo a rp

‘

asrg ing wraqwa-a r am a raqm‘efieuodem30 pue J QMOI out or sn sfiurrq

-epm a 10 qunoyreuof‘rnapuerfl JO eueos siqi fluiaeaq (mmsum pue‘sa roqs a t];pramoi amp uanorq seals ; 1! amqm.

‘uuoy anidmm e u;

‘

lauueq‘

o -

piw .rs;'

oui' da Burdeaq.

‘a ra q afi ue'

ue ne team ueqr sapis a i isoddo om a lp'

iuemnomp tiuorap ip li ra /i s;mag/i a rp poopW'

NOPEHIO Nl sa va a NBC].‘NOOHII O N I S IN/HA N3 1 ,

d u ll‘lK i ts

'

pueau“

Ill“;-na a

‘J a ieM aqqm

-mous JO i a aqs repiéomi ‘Buguqoap-K|pi er s siua sa ad pue

‘ssome spreKg

a rpum a uo J OAO 9!

it!'

sqoo.i i seypeois a rp a o S MO IHQ uipla i ria lp qsepa rp se

‘sapea seo a rp 30 rea r Buiuayea p a rp rapture

‘i la q am Kempiw "

p snoufipuo a a rp 30 siuawfiequaqorq a rp qum da paqa olq s .ra qio i a pue

‘sra iem fluisir

a lp Kq pauum a pun sauqiawos‘ipa d q or

‘M oueu

‘E q is‘

qfinoa a pup am ‘a fieuod a i-p fina le firqssud

'Ki ufui pnu‘a oueKouue

‘aBpa puouq uieiroo sci amiti a rp o i pue

‘sa ssa q Kueur

Kq‘oould Kwa sup n! i oan oo pa nord ua aq ua ij o seq

i uawa ieis sap pa n “5pious "gm suerpuI ”

‘onn sr sKes

uosqaer lemua f) ieqi umy ffiuiqa iem olqera pisuoa .rea qup“ puna i s Kuediuoa a rp imp purut “l da aq 0; “am

uo Buiofi st sup oq'

smpluoqs .q a lp no

oq aqa i pue‘ra a o 1 ! am ; Ka l

a m : 83! o;S uipi oa ae

‘a oueo a rp a S a ueui [p

a r now us; orom word'

speaqa roy .q oqi i a AO dens a qpauquoa‘speo i Ka ea q

'

a pui e p eq uetp oa nca pue9M “

'

ua tu a re OM ‘oN “ 5, prexys

onbJ qa q

-

is- a ui aq'Keq pews

ietp “l pue] pue‘ui au no qoeq a tp o iui a qip s "gm Kelp

‘a afiuep ou st 01 9t “ iwa rp cog ”

'

oBeirod a rpJo pa sqa rp oi umop unr sueipul oqi pue

‘

qi eqma sip am M °l9qa piqV mo qoorI—qog

-ueu a solo a rp .teau

da ax w i tyo' a pisug ssed i snui 9M pue

‘Ki p s! 1018 !a a tpau sup pue a roqs a rp ua amaq [ouueqo g ‘l.L

'

M ou ena aqq ureqr ;sed ;ooqs am- spueler

’

pews pue/roe a reeraH “ i .t eor Ka tp M OH "spa; a rp pramoi ”e a

prom Q t opts quou a rp rea u da aq i snm 0M s pider a rpa noqe a pau e s;31 91me no puelsrget” ,

newMouKoqtsaweq a rp pa a ia a a i pue

‘supnunoui a sa qi out! pefiueqo

exam Ka ip‘mnpuoa sp

-u euros .to;‘tuiq Kg .

'Kriunoosup u! sa qp i snop ea JO po8 Kaeuifieuq na “

‘z a d- i - [a J ‘

30 than“ pue JOMOd aqi ;o sa ssa uqm‘safie JOJ poois

a a eq Ka tp a l a rm, “

'

ueuroM p10 ”a rp a i i soddo imp

pue «‘WWPlO n g‘l‘ papna 9! 1 I jeol-miins Gilt

;o Bunpautos seq 11 used isni amq am iunoui a rp now-f

TE N YEARS I N OREGON .

S trawberry Island ; where in June we might rega leourselves on its welcome da inties . S uppose we la ndthere, ta k e supper, a nd encamp for the night . Rea ching the shore, we ta k e out la ding, a nd ha ulcanoe and ma ke a ll secure in a snug pi le ; youknowwha t. J a ckson says, a nd in ca se of ra in, or i twith a n oilcloth . N ow one of the crew stril fire,others dress and wa sh the sa lmon and pota toes, a ndsome sca tter, a nd col lect fuel . S oon we encircle a

bla zing fire, wi th a la rge cam k ettle ful l of pota toesand sa lmon suspended over i t rom three st icks la shedtogether a t the top a nd set a stride the fire . A s thesmo k e disagrees with our eyes sta nding, we wil l sit

Here'

a re some stones ha ndy. N ow beingsea ted , ta k e a survey of the crew ; dressed insubstant ia l striped cotton sh irts, one ha s a pa ir ofg

ood cotcorduroy pa nts in a ddi t ion, a nd a nother a re a n

ca pea n, wh ich he wea rs wrong s ide out. S ee howcheerful they a ll a re— over the brea kers in sa fety, wel lwa rmed before a bla zing fire, a nd close to a goodsup or . N ow they boa st o f their courage a nds k il Now- it- ka h mah- sa ch- e chuk— The wa ter wa svery bad

” Weko quos en- si-kah— We were nota fra id .

”Hi- a s cn- si- kah tum- tunc— Our hea rts - a re

l a rge . We a re men 1”

L et me sprea d a cloth . Th ischest conta ins povisions, to wh ich we wil l add a

l i ttle more out of the camp kettle— soon on our tableyou observe k nives, for k s , a nd s oons

, tin ba s insa nd tin pla tes. Here comes the saini on. The crewha ve turned out their a rt, you see, on a few clea nbra nches a nd lea ves of

pthe wi l low, wh ich they ha ve

sprea d down, a nd wh ich a nswer the purpose of a ta blea n its outfi t. I t is Oltt pra ctice to saygra ce a t mea ls,a nd i t is for th is tha t they a re wa it ing.

O S oh- ole I sh- tam- a h, e- to ke- te mi-kah ; tow- e- ah.

c- t.oke- tc- itl- hul- am mi- l i a h minch - e- lute co -

pa li en- sa i ’aka h. K a - dow quon- sim mincht- cah-meet en- sa i- ka h aUm- in- sheet- a h ca n~a ~wa e- toke- ta co-

pah mi-kahme-ha n. J e s us O li vie r nm n n t"

TE N YEARS I N OREGON .

9 1 1 '

2 . Ml-kahminch -ah-koke en'si-kahA a -ltut-e yuk-um-a -lahK a n-th en e -dinch-ah-gu-it quahQ uon-s im pomen-a -kowMl-kahgum-inch -o-lute o-me-hanYok-ah' I I. - I

wow-wot ga ch-o vweet

Q. We, 0 L ord , a re a ll thy children;In the pset we wicked were,We were a llmost deeply wretched,A lwa ys blind a nd inThoudidst give thy" 0 to us ins truct io n

despa ir ;S on our S a viour,n o u n

O God, thou a rt good, th isgiven to us . In l ike ma nner a lus, a nd iveus a llgood th ingsJesus CErist, _

amen l”Nowwewi l l use knives and

their fin ers . They wi l l soon ta ke ca repa rt of - t i eir supper, a nd then a tta ck the brotclam shel ls for spoons . S apper ended, we wiour . tent . Tt covers a spa ce of eight feet eve

em loie folidh , wi thll pitchry way.ridge i s a pole six feet long, ha ving a support naach end of the same length . For our bedwe wi l lbreak some wi l lows and get some ra ss, and layingthese down, smooth ly cover them wit : ma ts , a nd thenour bla nketswi l l keep a s wa rm, a ndwe sha l l restwithout fea thers ve well. We wi l l now ha ve re ers.The L ord ha

Typ ys brought us sa fely throug

h the da ngers ofthe day.

' c t a s not forget his bene i ts, let us raisehim, a nd pray unto him. Read the nineteenth sa lm.

“ The hea vens decla re tllyg

lory, and the firmamentshoweth thy ha ndy-work ; ay na to (la utterctl speech,a nd night unto night showeth knowle ge,”a nd the rest.

In reason's car they a ll rejoice,And utter forth a glorious vo ice,For ever singing a s they shine,The h and th a t made us is d ivine

A -ka eglah-lam“

en-si-kah—Now let us sing“

Hymn: TRAN S L ATE D .q ,

l . Alt -ah'

eg-lah-lamen-si-kabMi-kah ich-tame}: em-d-hol-ewKu -etml'kam ta ke-ta mi-mahMi ahquon-e-sim ke-dowM i-kah ek-ah-tla h gum-o hahMi -kah dowe l! gum-e ohKorma -we e-to ke -ta ten-mah-Mi-kah eu-ltut-e gum-ta b

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

TE N YEAR S I N OREGON »

one of the company’s tra ding posts

“

.

situa ted (tri llio

Columbia R iver, more than two .

hundred .and zffift'

y

miles distant , in a d irection nearly north-ea st oi -F0rt

Wa l la h-wa lla h , and a bout twenty miles below“

the

mouth of Cla r k e’s R iver .

I t wa s a longd istance to

tra nsport whea t and flour a nd pota toes on terseback to

ea t and plant . Besides these va rious la bours,they de~

voted themselves to the a cquirement of the Indian la ni

ga ngs , and embra ced every means in their power to

give instruction to the da r k hea rts a round them . S uch

wa s the appa rent encouragement theymet,

a nd so exa

tens ive the field of usefulnessbefore them, and the de

w

mand for increa sed missiona ry efforts so urgent; tha t

in 1 837 Mr . Gray returned to the U a l‘ted S ta tes

'

to

a ddit iona l help. He too k some of the Nez Percé

dia ns with him,a nd some horses designed to transport

the new reinforcement over the mounta ins, and to sa ve

the expenseof buying them on the confines of Mia

souri . He went pa rt of the way incompa ny

with Mr.

E rmetingcr, a gentlema n of the Hudson

’s ay Com

:

pany, who led a pa rty tha t yea r

to the American tra

ders’ a nd tra ppers’rendezvous in the mounta ins . From

he proceededquite a lone a s fa r a s the

the rendezvousfor k s of the P la tte, where, being

a ttacked by a party:

wounded , ma de a prisoner, a nd :

of the S ioux, he Wa sAfter suffering va rious a buses

!

his India ns were sla in.

a nd insults , and being robbed of most of his effects, he.

wa s permi tted to recced on his journey,

wi th his l ife ; an a t length , a fter sufieri

tional priv a t ions a ndha rdsh ips, he got thr

I n 1 838 Mr. Gregwith his l ady words themouna

t a ins aga in to regon, a ccompa nied by threenew

_

l a bourers a nd their consorts , Rev . Messrs . B a les,

W a lker, a nd S m i th . A new sta t ion wa s now com

menccd among the Nez Percé sabove C lea rWa ter, by

Mr. S mith , a ssisted by Mr. Cornel ius Rogers, who !

had been some time with the Indians,them from pla ce to place, to acqltheir customs a nd la ngua g

e with t e sole object (if o'

ho’

ii l

migra t ing withh ire a knowled e

-

off

.

_

i

res-

grams m 9o'

s

flashlhem'

tbygtdt‘

nljtfiuih aha 1 hi issi'

ohag.

i tems“

.theibg-e

'

vdt'

i d ietiti an: anigoiint"

was: _doiweeaquali .

e‘

ua re 'Mr . Rogers= f9r thjs‘ndeparté

ment:«is; is reassess braved .tMée

'

s‘

r‘

sz

E a lesandgl’l’a lker loca ted themselves“

to theno'

rthwhrd;among the S poken Indians, where the h a ve la boureda ntler many priVa tion

'

sfb ut with -mus“

perseveretnce;andwith some success.

"din1 8337i for’38, Rev. Mr. Cla rk,Mr. L ittlejohn, and

S mith,'

Presbyteria n self- supporting m issibna ries ,and their - la dies, came over the mounta ins, designing tosusta in themselves in some part of the missionfie

'

ld,independently of the patronage of any organized boa rd .

I ll-1 839Mr. Griffin a nd Mr . Ma nger, and their wives,

came o'

ver with -simila r intent ions . After va rious tria lsof benevolent action, allwh ich

ai mdertakin’

g'

as

n of: Mr . Griffin,wi th his wife,or a guide, a nd severa l horses,

‘

pa ckedwlth -a n outfit to begin an independent mission amonthefS nake Indians, where he intended to plant, andsow,-f

'

and l ive by‘ the swea t of his brow, a nd to Chris

tianiz e and civrliz e’

t he na t ives,'

left the C lea rWa ter_

station, where he had pa ssed the winter, a nd set off ori

his . perilous journeyref severa l hundred

.

mileszwfi

H is’

way, lay, ,a

'

er_

oss h igh ;jrnodntains'

morthlof thofS na ke?

Riv'

er,L froht wh ich

“

: the,

snow-had~' ‘

ndt‘

yet dissolveds’

S eishi

Afteri several days‘

of .ici l ia forwa rdway, theyWere forsa ken by t cir a ide,who, not re?i the prospect ahezid, returned ack.

hey, however, pushed on, forcing their pa th thromounta ins covered with snow, somet imes severaldeep; and drivin their hea vy- la den beast

'

s,‘

wet}?with toil, a a d’

pinchedwith hun er. Arrived- iti

thejvelleys, torrbntsjglike . themselves rom theg‘Orego‘h

a lert and prevent-t

_llelr .pro-i

ess_

; t eso they. had to trace fat:;towa rdt

‘itjwfsoured, to

'

"find ai. ford, . or .malsti bridgesPiio pa ss

0q 07‘llulIBM

'

lllill‘Wi W Q lilll “ in“

par Karim - 3 1 1791 o urnmne a rp u; i aweleM . aqi a !a prsa r orwea r

‘uq a pir

r

I pue .

‘rprws

fiaqre|0°

srssaw'

purq afluens e a ! suaqe se pa l an 1 a reas. ppqaa sqdro pu

‘

e aj rm pamoprnr agina ! ;0 we a t orKldeap

pue‘rou a siqyo elqrsua s K| a ap pewees aq sup eaoj eq

ra g'

sKep a a rqi uuprar parp oq zeqi pa ra a oa sip senta q a royaq iti a Klpeq _

os seM _aq pue ffiuruea a a rp u!

sea r 1 1 may a rp oiur;[a swiq Ba qq pue‘a a eld

- a r'

g a rpa soqa .1 0 {to epis aqi oi lieu a quiet pueq euo pennies}aq

‘doqs srq o iugBurofi a s p og wa r; a raM auratra ;é ua a q suopou sa orfiqa r .repuaad uieira a aerp a | .

oad eqicommon or a loerrw e qaom

’

plaom i srrqo teqt qugtp oi

pa rea dde a q‘a lqea qdde amour swa a s wra i a rp yr ima ge

1 0‘a sea srp sap 30,

oa uanpug a rp .rapufl'

npupwoa euqKq paKonsa p sem rnq

‘arueqa aw snoruafinra s sear aH

'

z awe e err orwa lk 1 1791 a t “M is new4mm

] 93qirm ownawos inadg‘uofia ro oi urwoa a ;

“EHPO'

JW rprM parera osse S BM eqm‘J a fiunwum;

a nied rea r? i a oqum os opplnoa oq a rop q pa ssedsKep [a rena s pue

‘

qlem K|a ama s plnoo pq imp plea a ipKq qonw os pa ra furua aq paq 3a

°

paqsirad pea q ierp peareua iua ua aq Bura eq area;

‘

parno zqa asKlpelse

‘

ma q a raqm‘sapw ua i inoqe

‘i awelemarp is uorssrw

a rp oi . u aq pa ionpuoa Keqi Kep ixeu aq‘L .

f

eafluens

rso l a rp [pan 1! pa reqs KaqL p oo; pue a rp peq sa iew-ur roa d a t“ , i 39a s ear amp;

’

3! pa nei s saqaa rp

-Kq a a pprq‘weMn a uoI a sum 11 nods an or

pa i seq aq’ ‘M aue pauaqifluans pue .

tpa’

ara a r a doq i [a ap-

pns uea srqno “a; sa aroa a swa q Ja pa nee a rp‘swrds

srq Burqrosqe snip a ra ru siqfinoqi siq spi ll“ ,

'

pua

lea igmi S N 10 a auwoufi i .rapn u;‘mopgm fiz auoz

’

pie yasrq a rea l oi au

‘

ozv a ; or | arow ou =a sp or‘

pawe se

a q se‘umop erpue

‘a oq“e da em? ‘

aa rpmp ou'

pa'

a a

-o.

‘

rd plnoa aqi iqBaorp

‘

peisaaqxa Klamua - awea eq’aq

qtfla aj is “p‘uield Krearp

‘

a rp;

alqeira auru'

e partisansnrppa eWin

“

ution "artswflfawdsae‘

wos i nseama ;

“

fluorite

“mons trous ! sevenusewoman it ! sa ves mm.

a rp u;‘

paqrra sap a royaq‘Ka umofs q a ;da panard paq

aq ierp ano i s e puno; aq i a qa od srq “I '

a doqups sumororp

‘949 e a qew plnoa aq31 noqueiq e inoqum

‘a ry a

inorpyu‘ra fta uq pue ploo a 1 my“ a rp o i sdeqra d

‘i sa r

orcan .q; afirel a some pa dots aq ‘KJBunq pue pant[p

‘aguerd Jo sa pw Knew JOAO uo auaM aqups

'

iso[|a .rpua a rena a smoo pue Kenn srq imp os (

‘a ra q a a a a r

uowwooun ue)‘isay Kra A Ba rney seM mous a rp

amp ewes a rp W'

l! wory a row pun crow pafira a rpKpunpeafi rnq from a rp oi qa sq tumor i on pip‘J a a a

-M oq‘

qoot a q tped °‘l.L'

a oa eisip i roqs a fla re? ra petqefie qreqwa oi Burufiisa p

‘a .roqs a rp S nore amq e lllBM

o i‘

ploa e nsua n fi rqa q i t‘a ouno a rp fprq a q sue} a rp

a noq nM awe?

'

iaweleM a rp 0 1 mm e no s.ra pi a sa rp Jo a uo para s weoan aq

‘uwp g '

sawfia t/rea l ‘

opgl" ll a t‘ra a noauuA i s pq g ym a tBura q ups sum

oq a raqM‘Ka I eA gemelem a rp orwea r ‘

01791 30 mi- ugm a rp JO are a lqei a prsuoo e a ra qi Burpuads rape puefra a noaueA orpapa a a ord “HE ‘ S arm‘

i a peM Bura a aq'

sa snoq Bumamp awos pue91 01s a Bursoloua

‘suam arqopa tprM

‘a pis e no 3a pa rp

-unq auo wnrfioiauwed e at 11 p a” g JO [ultra a eu‘uopa a s imp ui open an; a rp puewwoa o i pa ufiisop p

'

ua‘

pegl .

“l‘unfiaq OJOM qi aKM ureideo yo sa opei a do

a rp rape uoos ina q sea t 31 spam-

qepeM no . pueua amaq Kem J R! inoqe panama ‘Kue wooa a rp ;0 i so urprme s! siesrog

(helium in uopei ssp ewiq 21 0 oruiefle paurnior Ka tp pue

‘sidwa p e .ra qi

min)'

Kue uopueqe oi wa rp pa ]‘auole pa a pa z iuonedun‘

sa iqa swa qi uiuisns or one aq‘

ue rape‘iou pluoqs Ka rp

intp m ay a rp sdeqra d pue‘

pa sodoad pa q Ka rp a sodmd'

a qi my uopea ol a lqei ius a Eurpuy yo Kiuieua a un a rp‘

pampa o peq Ka rp sfitqrapns a rp‘Koumoi .qoqi rq pa id

f upa o ua aq| paq’

qa iqM awp 30 qifiua l aqL'

i sed impf

j oiafireqo u! a ewapua fi a rp

‘r i a Ked armKq uopuane

puiqKrona rprmpa a ia oar 91 9m a t 1 0.1 0t (roam aqeugeqi no

‘sresrog “08:as paAiu e a rp

‘sa dea sa rppea rq

sa ta q'

pus'

sprez eq a lqerawnuui Ba rnum .rapv'wa q i

TE N YEAR S I N OREGON .

forwa rded down to Fort Vancouver in a boa t;wh ilethey ma de the overla nd journey wi th horses to the

Wa lamet; But the fort a ccidenta lly ta king firethe goods were moved, nea rly a ll they had depositedthere wa s an entire loss, a nd to them a hea vy and

irrepa ra ble one . They however found many sympaf

thiz r

pg friends, who were happy to a fford them some

relic

To return to the interiormissions . I n 1 839Mr. E .O .

H a ll a rrived in the Columbia R iver, from the S andwichIslands, with a printing press . He wa s a ecom s a iedby his la dy, wi th the he e tha t the voyage a nd c ima tomight ha ve a fa vourab e influence on her enfeebledhea lth . Mr. H . is a printer, and a member of the S andwich Isla nds mission. He set up the press a t the C learWa ter sta tion and some elementa ry boo k s ha ve beenpublished in the Nez Percé tongue ; a nd recently a lsoin the S po k an, by Mr . E alee and Mr. Wa lker.The sta tionwh ich wa s occupied byMr. S mith , above

C lea rWa ter, wa s left in 1 84 1 ; and Mr. S . sa i led to theIslands, where he is nowemployed in labourin for thesa lva tion of the na t ives of H awa i i . A t C lea rWa ter asaw-mil l and a grist-m il l ha ve been erected a nd the

Indians ha ve enga ed in the cul tiva t ion of the soi l withmuch success. r. a nd Mrs . L ittlejohn came fromWa lamet to th is s ta tion in 1 84 2 ; a nd soon a fter wereca l led to the a in of pa rt ingwith their l ittle son,

a n only wa s drowned nea r the mil l . He

wa s soon ta ken out of the wa ter, a nd everymeans usedto restore him, but the vita l s a rk no more returned .

A simila r s inful providence ha d a lso prev iously oc

curred ia tiie fami ly ofD r. Wh itma n, in the ea r 1 838 .

Their only ch ild , a daughter, two yea rs 0] going tothe river a few ya rds from the house, fel l in, _

a nd wa sdrowned . I t ha s been the lot of few ersons so

'

cir;

cumsta nccd to be thus pa infully bere S he wa s a

ch i ld . of peculia r promise, and could spea k both theE ngl ish and Indian tongues considera bly.

A t Ha iletpeo a saw-mil l and a grist-mi l lwere in ope"o

ra nge/mg in

ih soon,a fter

fire, a s,wli'

s su“

p eed, a nd destroyed ,amount ofgrainfivhic wa s stored in themThe

‘

_

India ns here, as wel l a s a t C lea rWa ter sta tion,ha ve ma de "cons iderable progress in t illage, some of.

themra ising corn a nd other suppl ies nea rly in suffi cient

quantities to support them. ey possess la rge herdsof horses

“

; a nd ha vesome hogs, sheep, and ca ttle,wh ichthey-ha ve recently obta inedfrom the wh i tes . Th is isa lso the ca se with the N eé Percé s, a t Clea r W a tersta tion. They a re more numerous than the K insea nd the women ha ve succeeded in the ma nufacture ofsome coa rse

'

woollen_cloths . The efforts of the mis

sionaries in schools ha ve been very encouraging,grea t desire to lea rn being genera l , and pro ress rapid .

In 184 2 D r. Wh itman v isited the Unite S ta tes,obta in furthera ssista nce, in order to ,

strc,

ngthen the.

efforts tha t had a lready been ma de . About the same

time Mr. Graywent to reside in theWa lamet ; andMr .

Gerger, mentioned in a former chapter, suppl ied in thea bsence of D r. Wh itma n his pla ce a tW a iletpu.

Wh itma n, whose hea l th had suffered much for sometime before the

'

doctor left, spent winter;a t the Dolls, with the resident m l ies a t

tha tsta t ion. I n 1 84 3 D r.W. retur

and resumed his la bours. DuringPereé a

da nd a lso the K insea ,

had.

a ppointed a hea d chiefé over ea chforming a kind Of civ il compa ct tocourse among themselves, a nd a ls

neighbours a nd the surrounding tribes . _S omeha ve ta ken on them the profess ion of Christ ia nthe truths inculca ted by the missionaries a rea wide

_influence on the whole ma ss, and in

doe,E

rand regenera t ingpc r. Truly, the ir

fa il and la bour oflove ha venot been in va in.

several'

tliings have. transpired to put their fa ith

furnace,'

ant they-ha veenduredmueh parap a busefrom thosewhose

'

good they. have sbughhr ;f

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TE N Y E AR S I N OREG ON .

in th is region, and genera l ly prove a serious I

hinderan‘

cgto vessels on a n outwa rd-bound voyage : th is obliged usto shorten sa i l a nd “ lie to the wind being a ccom

panied wi th ra in and some sleet, continued to blow unt i lwe drifted down to the Glst degree of south la titude, andwe did no t succeed in doubl ing the Cape unt il a fter the2 8th. During th is me we amused ourselves withtch in the a lba tross,bi ts t ie region of 1 1 They a re oftcn ' found

to“

mea sure from two n feet from the tip of_

one win to tha t of the other. They a re ta ken withhoo k a n l ine in the a nncr : the hook

_b'

einba ited with a piece a nd perm itted. to dri ta stern of the vessel , a long l ine, is seizedby the bird , a nd fa stens in the crooked upper pa rt ofthe bea k , a nd is thus ha uled on boa rd .

We ha ve now pa ssed the_troubles a nd da ngers ofCa

pe Horn, a nd on the 1c of Februa ry a rrived a t

a pa ra iso . Here we ex ccted to behold a plea spla ce , but were very muc r disappo int The toa s not l a rge , a nd quite sha bby m a pea ra nce, ha ving

na rrow dirt streets ; a nd a stran er a mixture ofhumanbeings we rad not met wi th . Theywere nea rly of a lls izes a nd of eve colour. The E uropea ns appea r tobe a s distinct a n pecul ia r a peo lo here, a s the Jewsdo everywhere so in the wor cl. The inha bit ane leva ted section of the town, wh ich they ra ve dressedup, a nd a ppea r to ha ve entirely to themselves, undercerta in restrictions ; for a lthough they ha ve a church ,they a re not a l lowed to put a steeple upon i t, nor causea bel l be rung, lost, a s we supposed , i t might not

give a true Ca tliolic sound . Or, perhaps, his H ol iness

”mi ht ha ve imposed th is silence upon them, a s a

pena nce or the crime of lea v ing their P rotesta nt homesfor the love ofmoney, -wh ich is the root of a ll evil .On the a fternoon of the day of our arriva l severa l of.

_

us went on shore, and wandered a lon the coa st to the .

southwa rd ; and soon a fter we a sse t i e l iwh ich is situa ted on a gentle ciizva tion, we oua d our

s tha twere _

'

sca ttered ar'

oland ref art

'

s-

sitedi tself to be a“ genera ldepttsitoryof the ci ty'

deii d.

‘

‘ Anda s this small-poi; had just concluded '

a visit to tha t - (le

and bent our course for

Wa ttdc h Islands, wherewe a rrived onthe loth "

of

. Here we were b Mr. Brinsma de, the UnitedS ta tes consul , Capta in S tetson, _

a nd.

the miss ionariesa nd foreignresidénts'

, who welcomed‘

us t o their homes,and_

enterta in’

ed .us a t hospitablyhduring our

’

stay.Here; a t Ho'

nolulu'

a nd Calm, We found two na t

'

zchtiichcs and a seania n's chapel “ The'

Rev. Mr . B ing.ham'

a nd the Rev. L owel l S mi th were pastors of then a tive -

churches , in wh ich t hey prea chedevery. . sabba th it! the Hawa'

ia n lancongrega tions

“

ofnatives . Rev. Mr. Dea l wa s the sea”

man’s chapla in, but wa s on a tour to the United S ta tesin’

consequence of ill.’

hea lth . During his a bsence hisdesk'

wa s suppl ied ay,-the m issiona ries, a nd stra nger

'

s,such-

as ourselves . ‘

t_h i le here, thewri ter, in companywith w-others of."the "mission

.family,

"

visitcd 'Wa ialua ,a nother missiona t§p

ost on the Opposite s ide of O a hu.

mé rson had_cha rge of the na tivechurches a t tha t pla ce, an we spent the sa

bbath

with tha t gentlema n, .we had - the ha ppiness to -

seehis congrega tion, -

and a ss ist in a dministering"

L ord’s supper”to his church

, Wh ich cons istedtwelve: hundred '

members, a llna tives .

to enjo the friendsh ip and hof the above-named gentlemen and thei r excel l2 7th, when we received sailingbeenmuch refreshed -during our visi t

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TE N YEARS I N OREGON .

were a tta ched. The first print ing-

pres a nd the bnlyone in the Ore onTerrito up to the t imeWe left

'

was

ta ken up by r. Ha l l a t h is time, for the use of thea bove-named mission in the interior.We now obta ined an a bundant su plyof fresh sa lmon,

wh ichwa s a gra teful change of fee a s our sea fa re had

been principa lly sa lt . And we were new da i ly v is itedby the

Ind i a ns, who brought sa lmon a nd other a rt iclesfor the purpose of tra ffi c, a nd manifested no want ofintellect by the manner inwh ich they conducted theirba rga ins . M any of us had a lrea dy commencedhe Indian la ngua e, a nd ha d succeeded so wel lt ime a s to be ab e to count ten. Tht, mauxt,

a cltet, qunum, tuhum, sunamauxt, stochtaka ne, quiust,

a t- lo- lam lOn the 2 8th Mr. L a tty, ma te of the Cadborou h ,

came on boa rd , a nd pi loted our shi u a s fa r a s P ifferRoc k , wh ich roc k is a s wel l desc c by its name a s

it ca n otherwise be. The channel l ies between th is andthe shore. Th is rock sta nds up out of the wa ter a bouttwenty feet, a nd is a bout twenty feet in d iameter.

A fter th is, George, one of the Chenook Ind ia ns , wa s tobe our guide 11 the river . George could spea k a veryfew words of ' a gl ish , a nd felt quite importa nt in thedisch a rge ofhis duty, He wa s dressed in a verycomfortable st lo ; a nd had i t not been for the loss of oneeye, whic r he

_sa id a ha ir sea l had scra tched out, he

would ha ve been qui te a respectable looking Fl a thea d .

The next day we were joined by a coloured man

from Va ncouver, bringing, as a foreta ste of the kindrecept ion wh ich awa i ted us a t tha t post, some excellent fresh brea d and butter, from the la rder of J ohnM’L aughlin, E sq. The name of the coloured man wa s

G eorgeWa sh ington, who reported h imself to be a good1

pi lot

, a nd tha t one pa rt of is erra nd wa s to see the

a a ssa ne to Va ncouver. Thus Chenookimes, K in

g)George)

wa s superseded in th office, wh ich id fa ir to

bla st his prospects of g a respectable fee from

‘l ‘ S fi iI

-ffifi t'

fl IN Ollfiddfl .

capta in'

i'

S paulding. However,d etermined to en’

oy’

the privileges, he rema ined, sa t downupon a spa r, fi lledhis pipe, and soon sank down into a sta te of uncon8

10i0u

§né 88’ wh ile G eorge Wa sh ington took cliargefof

h e s iWe 18d not proceeded fa r when the vessel brought

up"

u on the sa nds, giving evidence t r pi lot’s

know edge w_

a s_

a ltogethcr ina dequa te. Upon th is theold India n awoke from his revery a nd step edwith a

“

smi le of sa tisfa ct ion beamin in i is wea therbea ten countena nce and sa id, 0 know GeorgeWa sh ington one

'

very good cook, but he no pilot .”

A fter the vessel wa s ot'

ofl'

eep wa ter, thecha r

qpwa s given to t te old he ointed out

the c annel in a very a ccura te manner. a the sothwe rea ched the lower mouth of the Wa lamet R iver,and on the fol lowing day, being the sa bba th, we a rriiredpla cewhere we hea rd a nmnber of voices engaged

in'

singing, but could not discover any person ; but i tnot long before the Rev. D . L ee, another wh itea nd some India ns came from beh ind the wil lows

wh ich skirted the ba nk of the river, ha ving beenen

gaged, inth is temple ofna ture, inworsh ipping the grea t0d of na ture, with a band of Clicka ta t India ns who

were camped here . Our vessel soon came to anchor,when Mr. L ee came on boa rd , a nd the wh i te man incompa nywith

'him proved to be Mr. S olomon S mith .

“

Durln the a fternoonwe '

enjoyed a sea son of

wi th t ese brethren, Who had long been isola tethe civ il ized world ; and it is worth of remark , tha twe had ocula r demonstra t ion of the a ct tha t the spiritof Christianity is one in wha tever region of the earth

i t,

is met with . And is not th is an evidence in fa vourzof" its sw ine a nd hea venlbern cha ra cter ? w a s?

Ou -fite afternoon of the lst of June we a rrived . a

'

t'

Vancouver. After the'

sh ipwa s anchored, Dr. M’

L aughlin came onboard, and wa s introduced to the mission

'

and ga ve them a very kind invita t ion to pa rtakehospita l it ies of the fort, wh ich is situa ted on

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TEN " E ARS I N OREGON .

God for mercies a st, a nd to implore his aid for‘ time

to come. Mr. '

ee prea o d in the morning p‘

after

wh ich we crossed to the Indi an vi l lage on the oppos ite s ide of the ri ver, where the same gentlemanpreachicd to the na tives in their la nguage ; a nd a fter our t‘e

turn Mr. Perkins prea ched from E ph. v, 1 5, 1 6 .

We now had a vo a e of two da ys before us beforewe could rea ch the fiafis ; and a s we were obl iged todimiss '

our boa t bel ow the Ca sca des, we must needsma ke the rest of the trip in India n ca noes . Ca noeswere a ccordingly procured from the Ind ians, a nd crewsto manage them ; a nd when our ca rgoes werestowed , we stepped , or ra ther crawled on boa rd, forIndia n canoe, when deepl loaded , is a very ticklislla ll

'

a ir, a nd ours were loa ced dewn with in a hen

breadth of the wa ter ; so tha t a sl ight cant would fillthem with wa ter, and to stra ngers, a s we were, i t seemed imposs ible to ma nage them wi thout turning themover. Prev ious to this the wri ter had boa sted ofneverbeing a fra id when 0 11 the wa ter, but now his houstinwa s a t an end ; for no one could ha ve suffered mucEmore with fea r for such a length of time tha n he d idduring the conclus ion of tha t voya e ; a nd on the1 10011 of the second day, a s the oils miss ionhove in s ight , he pra ed the Indians to put him on

shore, feel ing thaukfu for the privi lege of going therema inder of the way 011 And when nea r

.

thehouse he met wi th a nother d isa ster, for there he wa sobliged to wi tness a scene wh ich is suffi ciently d isgust-Jing to a n old mounta in trapper, namely , two oung Ind ia ns squa tting on the ground a nd re a l ing t emselveswith vermin which they ha d picked rom ea ch other’sheads !Th is wa s too much for his nervous system to endure

a t the termina tion of,such a voyage ; but this wa s

found to be a ma tter of every-day occurrence with hisneighbours . A missiona ry, on a nother occa si on,"

reproved a n old India n for bein caugh t in the samefi lthy pra ctice, uponwhich the 01 man, very honestly,

" remym us IN ;011 3 0011 .

.answered, ‘ in his own speech ,“ ‘ Cul tus, cultus shicks,

cahqua sa lmon cla ska— Nothing, noth ing, fl'iend 1 - theya re a ll the same a s sa lmon.

”

In the course of an hourwe a ll met a t the house a ndtook

ztea together under a roof, wi th

‘ tha nkful hea rts ;and on the next day set a bout stowing four fami l iesinto

‘

a house, which had, heretofore, been none toola rge for the a ccommoda tion of one fami ly a nd a ba ch .elor. This work , wi th the necessa ry interruptionsfrom the India ns, occupied our t ime unti l the 2 d ofJuly, when Mr. L ee, Dr. B a bcock

, and the wri ter, bido

_

ur_

families and friends fa rewel l, and set off for Va ncouver. The ca noe in wh ich we were to perform thetrip a s fa r a s the Ca scades, we found to be very lea ky

,

and so crank tha t i t was very much incl ined to go uponone side : th is awa kened a ll my former fea rs, a nd a fterproceeding a bout a

’

mi le, being swept down by a stifficurrent, and rea l iz ing, perhaps, a ll the fea rs, sohcitudes,a nd anxiet ies, of a poor shipwrecked ma riner upon a

hen- coo on the broa d ocea n, I cried out for qua rter,a nd dee a red my determina t ion to go no further a s pa ssenger in tha t vessel , unless they would consent

shore, ca l k ship, a nd ta ke in b a l la st . ThiL ee, who had by this time become a lmost amph ibious,and ca red but l ittle which side of the canoe wa s upper

1, so long a s shewent ahead , thought to be a needless wa ste of time ; but finding the doctor to be in

_

ur_;of my ca rried the point, put

'

toshore, . - ca lked ra cks in the canoe wit hceda r ba rk a nd some cloth, took in some s tonefor ba l la st, a nd then cast~a drift aga in the Indians nowhoping, a s they sa id, tha t I would be a woman no

longer, (for whenever a ny one ekpresses, in their estiséma t ion, needless fea r, they say he is no better than a :woman.) struck up the tune ho ha 110, ho-ho haa t the same time p

(

l{ying their paddles with admirable

dexteri ty: we gl ide down the stream a t the ra te ofor ten knots a n hour, wi th but l ittle further diffi

ty, save the occa si ona l shipping of a wave,“

wh ich

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YE ARS I N OREGON .

ladies then pre a re their beds uponthe ground,-

stbwawa y the a lrea y sleeping children, and a ll hands liedown rest their wea ry l imbs, a nd recover stren

gth

for the rema inder of their journey . And despi te of t eltooting of owls, a nd the howl ing of wolves in the surrounding forest , their sleep is sweet a nd refresh ing, andon the following day they rea clt their pla ce of destina ftion in sa fety, a nd ta ke possess ion of their new, ha lf

house, which wa s loca ted with in a bout ha lf am i le of the Hudson Bay Compa ny

’s fort on Puget

S ound . Here we lea ve them, to finish their dwel l ing,a nd commence their la bours a s m iss iona ries

.

amongthe India ns of tha t v icinity, whi le we return '

tO'

Van

couver.

The day a fter we a rri ved a t Va ncouver. Being thesa bba th, Mr. L ee a nd myself ea ch prea ched one ser

mon in the public h a l l , our hea rers consisting of mostof the gentlemen of the fort, the schola rs from the

school in the esta bl ishment, a nd the few of the missi onfamily sti l l rema ining. Here we continued transact ingbusiness unti l the l0th, when Mr. L ee a nd in self setout for A storia , for the purpose of examining t ie country a nd a scerta ining the tnost fa voura ble loca tion for a

missiona ry post nea r the mouth of the r i ver. Our

mea ns of conveya nce down the ri verwa s a sma l l canoe,manned by a crew of two India ns ; a nd a fter tra vel l ing

‘

most of the time, da a nd night, we a rri ved a t Astoriaon the morning of t i e 1 2 th ; and th is being the sab

ba th , we spent the daywith Mr . B irnie, the gentlema ntom ment ion ha s a lready been ma de, and pa rtook

with him of most excel lent fresh sa lmon, a nd strawberries a nd cream. During the day Mr. L ee and the

writer retired to the a djoining grove, where we enjoyeda tnost refresh ing sea son of pra yer, a nd besough t the ;God of missions to d irect us in selecting a spot whereto erect the sta ndard of the cross . .Ou the followinday we crossed the river, a nd v isi ted the Chenook ans.

Checa lish Indians, and spoke to them on the subject ofestabl ish ing a mission in their v ic ini ty, a t which they

‘TE N v

i

s t a sm’

otté dtifit‘

b_

e_

ve_

ry Wel l plea sed; but‘

ihamfested a

disappointmentwhen I informed themth'

rougliwho a cted '

a s interpreter, tha t my'

p'

rincipa ldesign_

wa s to tea ch them how to worship the Grea tChief a bove, and not to tra de for bea ver or sa lmon,only so much a s wemi li t need for food . For i t shouldnot be forgotten tha t t ey never - a ct from a ny highermotives, in their transa ctions wi th the whi tes, than the

tempora l ga in and i t is perfectly rea sonay should not, since they possess no correct

knowledge of the rela tion they sustain to God, a s t a

t iona l and a ccounta ble beings, nor of the future sta tea

‘

sja pla ce of retribut ion. I t is true, they h a ve somestrange a nd indistinct notions of the continued existenceof friends de

pa rted but, a s nea rly a s we could a scer

ta in, the emp oylments of tha t sta te were considered to

betsi'

mila r to,t. 080 of the resent ; consequently the

oldest woman among the Clienooks , a descendant ofComcomly, when she buried a daughter, a number of

yea rs ago,_

it is reported tha t she caused two sla ves toe killed a nd deposi ted in the same canoe with thedea d body of the decea sed , for the purpose of a ttending her in the future sta te. And in a dditi on to theabove, we a sk, does a ny ma n, whi le in a n unconvertedsta te, of a ny na t ion or cl ima te, not from a ny highermotive in a nyth ing tha t he may do than from a princi

J

lo of supreme selfishness ? - I f not, a nd the wri teruil bel ieves tha t the '

personc a nnot be reduced inthewi a world , even from Adam, a fter his a ll, down to hisyoungest

'

son tha t now treads the earth, tha t ever a cted,under the a bove circumstances, from a ny othermotivethis being the

'

fa ct, those who ha ve found the Indiansof Oregon to be very anxious, a s they h a ve sta ted ,‘ toha ve missiona ries sent among them tha t they m ig

ht ’beta ught

“h ow to worsh ip the Grea t S piri t a right, havebeeni

‘

ledg

'

into errbr, not bein suflieiently a cdua intedwith

’

the-

ibeingsfvvith

'

whom t rey had to da ta understand .

I tho secret'

drifl of their pretensions: nd,’

-no

doubt, this is one, if not the grea test rea son, hy'

the

use: a 50 pa tsgsuoo q'

onpvt ;0 a rm ‘

pa s do we Kelp usqt ,

‘as a ”sq K .I BQU or pesa oaout puq rpm/n ‘

a z a exq a ss

Boosts out to or Kpua gowns uel etp pants 9 QM ppqa auoos

‘

ou so;‘ooueo a flu! snow 30 wind- a r.

tuaur

t or .rop oyut suea ut ou ifq a t e/a Ketp a stp a auapra o

on_

«uoos uoutom a rp pus th at me no pus-t

pa ao'

no

“a st a in 9M omit nous h a s e a t pue t pa iuosse a rp‘soAIa st

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ua tp Buows semifina l pus Bums: euros regs‘

la s- ode.i d sup OJ ,

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qono ;a tqoraupueq e-ura tp oa tflpleon

am soot/t i es i leumx0}‘

pa elat a rp orsepta ? pus uema es

mo owooaq p|noqs us a rem stout,30 mo; tetpp a sodoxd‘rana l a rp S upeoy a 30 noes: mo rutqtgm sua awa aqto

sem a sa rp as pav ,w ere a pug 03wedge tqflgut em

liol‘lM i s oould [flue a 1 sum liolllM‘

pua lst pawa ueanoqe

amso 1 8] so S ue‘s to 01 sua auxa utos esra op‘

ro‘tqfiru

0111 .t o; 3 1 011 times Ja ime team a 1 op emptnoo mou

W‘IM'

uonei a do [notpaul we a sssutrm or‘spua lsl

z a uieppeg out ;o euo 01‘ra /trr out (In sepwmo; ;neqe

auofi i snt’

ueur a rp “a‘Kloi a unuoyun

‘tnq fofipol

s‘ueur Pl° a rp pauses; Ki lnowtp o qet aptsuoo quart-pue

‘uisfie "a s sroq 0M

‘sqoawots i da te rno flutqstua ld

- ar rape os'MGJO a uterqo plnom om seeld .rreqr as

panama 9M uaqM teqt Odette) eupafleanooue pue tseouso.m o JO one _;o a fiaeqo aloe; KOILL

°

ea oqa sa ltutsua tpuI JO puequawse 30 new peaq a sum an”;empun uonbsumqs p10 puno] 0M OJOH

' tfi aqsg uoux-

1es a rp ta sea lesmo unoy uoos 9M‘a z oeaq a uy

pam oa u; fiuta q‘tqfirp a fiuans sup u]

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ta sdn eqa ea ea a rp siua utosowKw Kt

§189l

‘iloaq Km 30 papaq

out no tsant out oroyaq Euro Jla sdut pue‘uaurstnloq

pun a ra idna se Buttes a sqyaw-f

pa s ass puefsgxotsv

i s tsoq mo or news ptq am fine; S BM. pa im a rp sa

‘

pua 2 .1 0t out a t“a s e pafiflp 9M‘euop an“,

w e; a ;sa ouso .mo yo euo expat or

‘teoq a ln

‘Bugqs -uout|a s8 111 01 31002 1 murd ordo S ure? seM oum

‘afua moo out

JO wa stes e 50 rep a i d out liq stuautsseu equta'

ruesa adme wa s}

‘J a a amoq

‘

pa a arlax Ktqa i nsa aut exam'oxour setup uot

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qoor or1; pa sne

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q‘

[ zta ouao outloouelaq pt sanoa sepua flvnunqoo,

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NOE’E NO 'N l RIVE R N 2 1 . N I S'

t iI A Na tl .

Kin liq‘teqt 0

‘op 01 papensxod aq iou pla ce I Wi lt. 1nq

t

une a" p|nom tsaueq so;

‘

poofi os ”E ll ta u‘ou

‘tsaua q

os ustp mus t] on S UM I‘iua utoui Krone Ba rnes

t ltqeqord a rp yo oouonbss a t power.) pa a rpa oxa

‘Bureouuo “l a oua tmdxo Kuu puq ra tt a n S tumengleeful so; a s pue

‘sn thanorueur a ton pun

‘ra a rr

a rp da a tefita eu oi sa ouso om- uututopp e a tmon a re/n

9M°8uisstur alanine sum memo ssa pmsj .mo

‘ipaq

-ula oi .fpnei exam 0M uoqm 1nq ata anoouaA so; am

- 1'

.uzdop .m o 1 0}poredoad pue‘seena s me new 01 suerpuI

euo soup pofiefiue 0M‘ueuiopuoS oa oqe a rp tug/ a

fiugmouo] a rp pue sup S utpuods JOUB pun‘ooueo

a pa seqomd 0M oaeH's‘a tru

our qouw'

aotj a t opts innes a rp a n s

pus‘restr out o rpnow out pa s

-

sore 8aa rp uo pue

‘ul a rp so; aloouaqo in padumo 9M

umo sill u; srus pue‘eu pono[ (pegoqm out“ JO 100 a t orga n or no!

- a .r ;aqt urea} p pm i soq a 1s t ; iou

tqnop pus t oqel .rreqr poumom sunpoofi tea r imp

Burua sss u; yusnfKurt; soa losmo 10a} am‘tfmnuoo

a rp uo‘tng

'

tpi eo .mo JO nonrod ipa p imp u!“

‘

puer

s‘la nuewuil ota aplno oi

‘srued pun

‘

poolq pus‘iuams

aga in ups om pue‘tuods oanq oum

‘soimuots

-sgur .req ;0 pus rlomqo a rp JO suouroxa a rp qfinorqt

nofioro JO sumnqequrexp 0; poi lnsa r seq poofiou tflqt

‘Jet oat oq

‘tuouta teis sup urea} pouopua q tou pl

noqs 1 1'

pato'

odxa a seq OA‘

B ll or .rs/ta u infino‘uoseor .reqos us a t

‘

t t‘mllt Buttoogo JO osodmd out so] uoBa JO

u! tuods

uoaq oa eq‘

plag fiursiword more a JO none/nuns on; u;

pefiolduio ueeq ownor inflno qoirlm‘spuesnorp

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rfuuut

os ta rp 101 891 pue twa inKq pa ilstldutooou ueeq tou

seq fiunlstdwooos u! lemourmtsui oq 01 sotwuotsstm

.req'

poi se xa oqs qoiqm mom a rp osneoaq tuounugod

d eem—101 301 pus wounutoddesip‘rflouteu

‘sa ouanb

.

00 an“

: oz ila a r mou i snut pue‘netfia r imp JO soap

-a u out fihiz tua ro pue Butzwanq o yo stoa dsoad on;

uodn situ ates .t edordutgus ind oz perueeq seq qornqo

TE N YEARS IN OREGON .

ma t, a nd awe we da rted wi th incred ible speed, andwere soon se ely landed a t the pla ce of a ppointment .Here we disch a rged our fa ir crew, and soon engag

edfour young Indi a ns to a ssist us in getting up to eu

couver.

perhaps we ought not to ta ke our depa rtureth is pla ce wi thout noticing the grea t medica l opera tionwhich wa s being performed here . The pa tients con

sisted of a young woman, who , upon examina tion, wa sto ha ve a sl ight fever ; a nd a child , in much the

same sta te, nei ther of them being da ngerously i ll . But

the doctors a ffirmed tha t they had been fi l led with sitekoms ; a nd a s proof of the truth of their sta tement

'

ofthe ca ses, they produced a sma l l sna i l shell , with a

sma l l string a tta ched to it, a nd a sma l l bunch of. ha ir,wound up wi th a threa d , and severa l other a rticles of

the same na ture, wh i ch they.rofessed to ha ve ta ken

from the stoma chs of the sic a nd there were sti l lsevera l to be dislodged before a ca tha rtic would ta keany effect ; but a fter these were removed , the

'

y'

sa id i twould be good forMr. L ee to give hismedic ine . Theynow ma de prepa ra tions for a tria l of their skil l in en

dea vouring to rent another of these evi l geni i“

or shehome. One of the doctors out of the six or eight whoconst i tuted the gra nd council , a ll ofwhom appea red a swise a s serpents , i t would seem ha d been the mostsuccessful in his a tta cks upon the stren - hold of this“

combina t ion of slroltoms, so i t wa s decified he shouldbe the leader in a nother genera l onset . Upon wh ichhe crawled nea r the youngwoma n, (who wa s stretchedupon a ma t, witlra fema le a ttendant a t her head ,) forthe purpose of a scerta inin

gthe precise posi ti on of the

enemy . Ha vingdetermine this point , a nd ma de knowna ll the pa rticula rs to his brethren of the fa culty, he prepa red h imself for the tug of wa r. This he d id bydrawing his righ t a rm through the hole in his bla nketa round the neck , so tha t his a rm wa s now ent irely disencumbered . He then threw his long he r up over hishea d , wh ich entirely covered his fa ce. Being new

V1.

I

rea dy .he kneeled down,while a ll the other doctors, andprenf women, a nd childrent were a rra nged

'

on e i therside,

'

equip edwi th sticks a nd long poleswh ich rea chedto the bea r roof. The kneel ing doctornow commenceda wi ld a nd frightful song or chorus, inwhich a ll joined

,

“

keeping time with the ir s ticks . He now commenced_

movirc

i

gwi thwel l- dissembled caution towa rd the pa tient,exten mg his ha nds towa rd her stoma ch

, a s a n eagle

Id his ta lons, ready to seize his a tfrighted prey ;the nea rer he a pproa ched the Iodgment of the skokom, themore furi ous became the s ingers and thumpers,and when he rea ched the stoma ch , a t which he hadbeen a iming, his d istorted form a nd stra ined musclesevinced the a ppea ra nce of perfect agony . The choirnow bore down wi th might a nd ma in, a nd the pra ctitioner now plunged his fi sts into the pa tient

’s sto

ma ch most unmerciful ly ; a nd sei zing one of the enemyby the neck or heels, or somewhere else, he a p

ca red

to find i t very hot but drawing ba ck uickly, p ungedhis hands into a trough of cold wa ter, w rich wa s sta ndingh a rd by, and then sei zed the unyielding foe aga inbut a s i t had then a ssumed somethin of the na ture ofthe eel, and sl ipped out of his ha adsfiie quickl ca ughtup some a shes, rubbed i t on is fingers, then a id holdupon i t for the third time, screaming a nd y n the .

most terrific the. company their;sticks, a nd singing, ; or ra ther screaming, wi thredoubled energy. Thi} ba ttle now hoeambutinfler inany ma nlyhefforts .v ictor turned upon thedoctor

’

s -s ide, who, by onem ighty e ort, broke the holdof the- skokom upon _

the pa tient, wh ich now turnedwholly_

upon'

the doctor, ca using him to cry out for help.

The com a nywa s now inperfect ecsta sies, pounding a s,though lie a nd dea th depended upon every stroke an‘

d igbellowin a t the very _

top of tli eir '

vo ices, H a ha yeh, ;

f‘

hah'

a ye 13: Two of the fa culty nowcaught the a lmostoverpov

'

yered .doctor a round the wa ist, a nd .bore him,

screeching a nd _writhin awa y from the pa tient, amidst

the thundering noise 0 the . transp _

orted . specta tors and

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YEARS IN OREGON .

a s i t turned out in the sequel , our other crew wereul l ing a hea d wi th a ll the ir strength , hoping to overlia ul a s, knowing, a s a fterwa rd sa id , tha t wewould be very hungry me of the good sa lmon,and supp

osin tha t we had preceded them during thenight, w ri le t icywere a sleep. But a s their ca noe wa smuch the l ightest, we were of course left fa r in therea r. We ha d some wind a nd tide in our fa vour ; butwhen the ui ht closed in us, we were ten ormorem i les from a ncouver. olleague la id hold upon a

pa ddle, a nd commenced , di tion to the wea ry crew,

to propel our ba rk a hea d wi th grea ter ra pid i ty ; a nd I ,being a novice, wa s permi tted once more to rol l myselfin my bla nket, a nd lose m appet ite for sa lmon in a

sta te of unconsciousness . low or whenwe a rri ved a tVa ncouver I know not but we

'

were awa kened in themorning by D r. Tolmie, a gentleman of the compa ny,a nd when I a rose I (1 our ra ther queer bed- roomh a uled upon shore, a nd com lctely stowed with ma ssocia tes, some covered with la nkets, and others witnone . Our a ppeti tes nowreturned wi th renewed vigour,a nd we remember doing ample justice the excel lentbrea kfa st tha t wa s soon pla ced before us in the fort, incompany with thosewe left, whomwe found in hea l th,which sweetened every other mercy.

This being the sa bba th , we la boured to feed thosewi th the bread

’

of l ife who ha d, a sgood stewa rds, communica ted to us in term ora l th ings . We rema ined a t

Va ncouver unti l the 2 61 t, Mr . L ee on

for the

TE N -YEARS IN “2 118008 ?

CHAPTE R XXI .

discount of the B ells resumed—A cold-blooded murder committed— E uc

counterwith ndians—Miss ion family suffer from sickness—Camp meeting—Mr. D. L ee's voygp

o from a nd to the Dells—J ourney to the Wa lametsta tion— Dea th of rs . L oslie—Dirth—Ma rriages— Annua l meetingBuilding—Religious meetings— Dea thofMrs . Ja son L a o— Mr. a nd Mrs .

D.L eo‘s voya e to and from Va ncouver— E ruption of a volcano—Visit toWa lamet a lls. a nd return— Religious sta te or the na tives—Rema rkable

convers ion—Mr. and Mrs . D. L ee sa il for the United S tates.

To, resume the a ccount of the Da l ls. A fter thewriter had occupied a bout two months, from the let ofJune ti l l nea r I end of July

, 1 840, in company wi thMr. Frost, u and down the Columbia , a s we ha vea lready sta ted

)

in a preceding cha ter, he pursued his

way wi th his l ea vy- laden canoe rom Fort Vancouverto the

_Da l ls ; where, a fter severa l da ys of ha rd a ndwea r toi l , a nd the usua l rou h a nd smooth of the journey, e a rri ved in sa fety, gla to meet Messrs . B a bcock

,Brewer, a ndPerkins, a nd their ladies, andMrs . L ee, a llin good 9 irits. .We -were happ to meet aga in, a ndtha nkful or theWa tchful ca re ofHimwho “

encampethround a bout his people.

”I nmy a bsenceMr .Perkins had

been la bouring among the people ; a nd some difficul tiesa nd tria ls had a risen since mydepa rture . S hortly a fterthe campmeeting, a cold-blooded murderha d been committed .on the person of a z - lea ding man a t Wishham,

Ca l i- tegweetby name'

,-who wa s rega rded a s a va lua ble

Christian, a nd the most useful ma n in the vi llage .A

notorious vi lla in, by the name ofCha p- a - l i, of theWa l

la hrwa lla h tribe, stole severa l of the ma n’s horses, andhewent a fter him to recover them. Ona rri v ing a t hisha th the horses, i t seems, were tied wi thout, when hea nd those wi th him began to unloose them a nd wh ilethey were. doing th is, the murd erer a imed his riflethrough - an

'

opening in the lodge , a nd killed the owneron the This horrid“ deed of the reckless murderer awoke '

the spiri t of revenge.

riously fa l len—e a rela t ive, a nd he had

‘esnse snp '

moaj merfi a eij o semnoynpdo or I n pja om ffeqt‘afeurnofe noS h ame. pigyp

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YE A Iw I N OREGON .

s, d i recting him to removeimmedia tel

yto the Wa lamet sta tionwere rea l y

with t icse directions iurried on to the Wa lametThis movement, so u pooted ,

grea tly thwa rted ourplans a nd expecta t ions a l lwi thout a

physician.

r im"

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TEN YEARS I N OREG ON .

a s a fa r more exceedin

fiand eterna l wei t of glory.

There rests her dust, ti the tr awahe'

it to

glory and immorta l ity . dea d Whois m the L ordM a rch 2 3d. W i lbur Fisk , son of Daniel and Maria

'I‘

. L ee, wa s born. The wri ter wi l l add th a t i t wa s aday of gladness and tha nksgi v ing to the pa rentsA bout th is time severa l ma trimonia l a ll iances were

solemnized . Mr. J . L . Whitcomwa s ma rried to Mrs.

S usan S hepa rd , widow of the la te Mr

J . Holman to Miss A lmira Phel 9 ;C a rter to Miss Orpha L ankton, al in obedience to tha tlawwhich requires every son of Adam toWed a daughter of E ve .

On Monda y, May loth, we held our first a nnua lmeet ing, which contmucd in much ha rmonynea rly twoweeks . Mr . Hines wa s a p ointed superintendent ofthe Oregon Mission Manua l s a bour S chool Mr. L esl ieto the settlement ; Mr . Wa l ler to

’

the Wa lamet Fa l ls ;Messrs . K one a nd Frost to Chenook ; Dr. R ichmondto Nesqua lly, a n elf a t the Da l ls . The meet ingended , we were return to the severa l osts

a ssi ned us, a nd soon prepa red to lea ve . Mr. a rterhad een hired severa l months a t my sta t ion, and now

returned wi th me, ta king his newly-ma rried la dy withhim. Ta king a n a ffectiona te lea ve of our friends, wemanned our two ca noes for the voyage, and ha stenedba ck to our sta tion. The Columbi a wa s a t its he igh t,a nd the current very strong, a nd the sun poured itssca lding ra ys upon us . The la bour, and risk , and anxiety in pa ssing the Ca sca des were immense . The ca r

goes had to be unloaded a nd reloa ded not less tha n six

times . I n pa ss ing the canoe up the bad wa ter, twomen a re in i t, one a t the stem a nd the other a t the bow,

’

h a ving strong sett ing poles to keep i t off the rocks ;a nd a rope is fa stened to the hea d , fifty a rds long,which is manned by four or five men, an thus i t atdrawn up. But now, as i t sometimes ha ppens, wecapsi zed one of our ca noes, a nd damaged i t on the

ma r g i ns m'

casse‘

m

E ach to feel his Bro ther‘s ca re ,And ea ch the other's burden bear.

ea ;

rocks. We however soon repa ired thé’

breach, andmoved on aga in. But wi th the Ca scades

'

we' d id not

lea ve a ll our dangers, and Mrs . L . , pa rticularly,fered much from fea r. The winds Were boisteand

'

the wa ves ra n h igh, and a t one timewe were compa lled to la nd in order to escape tl bla st“,a nd the being da shed upon the re it we

“

escaped wi th only a wetting.

S a turda June 5th, we c ame in sight of the sta t i ona t dusk ; ut the current wa s too strong for us to a t;

tempt the a scent wi th our ca rgoes wi th'out da yl ight:We now went a shore a nd encamped . After ma k ing

a ll snug, myself a nd Mrs . L ee went on in our newl ight Mr. and Mrs .

_

Q a rter rema ined incamp, a nd rea ched our he so before

.

twelve o’clockwhere

“

we were ladly received h our

Were not a l i ttle t_

a nkfnl for our sa l‘hreturn.

On Monda y Mr. a nd Mrs . Ca rter joined .us, a nd nowweWere four fami l ies to bear ourselves up in our toi lsa nd tria ls, and

for a ba rn had beenprepa red Mr. Ca rter ;a nd now he put up the frame; a ssisted Mr. B rewerand myself. This wi th the roofhe fini ring

'

thesummerybesides

'

helping Mr. B rewer in harvest, anda ss isting i n,

laying up a log meet ing- house th irty byforty

'

feet, wh ich Wa s much needed for winter . Thefa rm produced this yea r

'

s good supply of whea t, anda fine croptof pota toes but to ‘

get our whea t groundwe had to go

' to Fort Va ncouver mi ll , a journey-

of

seventy-five “ mi les, a nd ma ke two portsges a t theCa scades .

“ ‘r-‘

mhWhen h e came ba ck from Wa lamet, myself and

fami ly had"

yet a house to'

fit upfor our accommoda f

t ion.

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eould“

not be done' t ethe Wa nt of lumber ; but durin e had

procured“

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r s rv YEARS tn onscort .

in our own fami l ies, a nd in a ttending to the-

rel igiousservices ment ioned a bove, a s to prevent our performingtha t amount of i tinerant la bour wh ich the wa nts of thepeople demanded . B esides these th ings, we devoted apa rt of our time to the study of the la nguage. Tha twe could not vis i t a ll the people a s often a swa s necessa ry for their good , wa s a very seriorrs disa dva ntage tothem, and a source of a ffl iction to oursel ves a nd amongma ny it wa s the ca use of disa ffection, lea ding ma ny toneglect to hea r evenwhen a n opportunity wa s enjoyed .The India n doctors resumed theirpra ctices, a nd a la rgeroportion reto rt to their former vices . For our ownbenefit we had a discourse in E ngl ish on the sa bba th,

a nd a pra yer meeting in the evening ; a nd in the weekon Tuesday evening a concert prayer meetingwi th thePresbyteria n miss iona ries, wh ich wa s proposed by thewriter soon a fter their a rri va l irr Oregon, a nd inwhichwe la id our common cause before the God ofmissions ;a nd our cla ss meetings on Thursda ys . Mr. Perkins he strickena nd rrryself took trrrns in prea chi sa bba tha nd when we were visi ted by Mr .

the other prea chers , we ha d the nstructions , wh ich wa s a priv ilege we h igh ly pri zed .

L oca ted , a s we were, in the grea t thoroughfa rethe interior to the lower country often had ca l ls

ntlernen of the Hudson’s B a Company a sa ssing tr

ip a nd down in theirKea ts, between

wea ry a most ry yea r. These boa ts a removed wi th oa rs, being manned with from four to sixmen, a nd ta ke forty pa ckages of ninety pounds weig

htA ll tlw fibhi

'e compa ny meetea ch , bes ides the outfi t a nd

‘EJTOViS ions of the crew. Wh° “Mi d

-WM 5°V i°urfl°lowfiThese a lso emigra ting to the a la rnct Va l ley from theS ta tes and the mounta ins, a ll ca l led here, a nd ga vea n opportrrnity from time to time to remind them 0better a nd a hea venly country

,to wh ich their a ttention

slronld be d irected . S ometimes t ey came to uswa nt, a nd i t wa s a grea t plea sure to us tha t we had themea ns of a ffording them a n a id, worn out a s theywere with the ta ils and ha r ships of their protracted

rrisy. We trust tha t some of themwi l l pra ise Godfor the words of eterna l l ife wh ich the. permitted to hea r whi le with us. One of these,-wa s, he sa id, goin

gto theWa lamet to staI

one rew on the rshcs ; but if not heto Ca r ornra ,”

‘ Februa ry 2 9th, i t became necessa rMrs . ; L . to ma ke a voyaig

e'

to FortMa ncouver . sb'‘

lea ving our friends a t the a l lswe emba rked m a canoe ‘

with a crew of fa n a die‘ us, wi th our prkets‘

, bedding, and a ll the etcetera s, for amysunshine and '

storm.

so fine -wa s the day, and the sin.ra lmost come. Havrng loaded rn our

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TEN YEARS I N OREGON .

Mr. Perkins, my col league, a s formerly . Mr. L esl iewa s left without an appointment in order to provide forhis fam i ly, by puttin his three elder da ugh tersschool a t the S a ndwic r Is la nds, or return with a ll his

ch i ldren to the S ta tes, or otherwise, a s rovidence shoulddirect . The writer now returned to t re Da l ls . Duringhis a bscrrco Dr. B a bcock a nd Mr. R a ymond and theiri ves had come to the sta tion from theWa lamet, a nddaughter had been a dded to the fami ly of Mr. Ra0nd, a nd a nother to the fami ly ofMr. Brewer, a nd r.

B a bcock had retrrrncd to the Wa la met, lea ving Mr.

R aymond a nd family, who a lso followed soon a fter myreturn.

It wa s a rent plea sure to meet my fel low- l a bourersaga in, a nd rnd them a nd my fami ly wel l . I tinera t inga mong the people employed most of my time durinthe months of June a nd July . Mrs . L ee a ccompa niesme one week a t the B ells, where our time wa s em

ployed indevotiona l exerciseswith the na t i ves, inwh ich'

.

theywere often ca l led together to prea ching andprayers;S ome a ppea red to ma nifest a good degree of rel i ious

'

interest, a nd our own set is were happy in the e orts'

we nra de to do them good .

I nAn ust went toWa lametwi th my fami l to whiclt‘

a secon son wa s a dded on the 7 th of eptemberf,During our stay here Mrs . L ee suffered much fromfthe

,

fever a nd ague, a s did our l ittle boy Wi lbur a lso, a ndmyself. A t the same time a blessed reviva l took pla ce

"

in the mission so a nd a goodly numberwere power:frrlly converted , or recl a imed , a nd in its a fter pro ress

some whites a nd severa l Owylrees were ga tlrere in,a nd a ve

ryha ppy sta te of rel ig

ious enjoyment continuedto pervs e the school tlrroug rent the winter following.

Mr . a nd Mrs . Brewer from the B a lls, on a visi t here,returned with 1 13 When we went ba ck , a nd we were

g‘la d of their cornpan a long our l iquid pa th . About l

t re time we went to {Va la rneh Mr. L esl i e, D r. R ichmond a nd fami ly, Mr . a nd Mrs . Whitcom a nd theirchildren, left for the United S ta tes . Mr. L esl ie ta sk

This yams xiv eit'

rido'

fli'

tpvo'

ofhis daughters with him,lea ving his eldest;whowas -ma rried to Mr. Cornel ius Rogers, a nd her two

onager s isters in her ca re .

'

I‘

lrey . sa ilcd from thea lamet ver in August . I n S eptember (1 body

emigrants ossed the mounta ins from Missouri , 0sisting of one hundred and e pers

ons, inwomen,’

a nd chrldren. D r. formerly of theOregon mrssron, came over now sub Indianagent of the Uni ted S ta tes to Oregon.

I n N ovem thewri terwent aga in theWa lamet,a nd returned to the Dolls on the 30th, a ccompaniedby_Mr. a nd Mrs . L i ttlejohn a nd Mr.

Geiger, going tothe interior missions ; and Dr. White, a nd Messrs .

Cornel ius Rogers a nd Thoma s M’K ay, bound there

on an a ency to the India ns . The evening of oura rri va l tfrere wa s an eruption of Mount S t. Helen ;and the next -morning the ejected a shes were fa l l ingwi th a mist- l ike a pea ra nce;covering the

‘

lea ves, fences,a nd stones, wit a l ight, fine, grit ty substance

, inappea rance l ike hoa r frost, some specimens of whichWere collected . The volcano wa s over one hundredmi les dista nt, due north from the junction of theWa lamet wi th the Columbia , a nd west of north-west fromtheDa l ls. In a scending the Columbia a t th is time wewere much reta rded by strong hea d winds, and a n

,un

usua l do we of cold preva i led, a nd cons idera ble iceformed afimg the shores . Tire -menha d to ma ke themselves mi ttens . “ In three days we had not proceededfifteenmi les . We lay by over one sabba th

, and hadpre

'

a chin and pra yers ; and every morning and eveningwe form i t good to drawnea r to God . Our sa fe returnaga inwa s a ca use ofmutua l gla dness . Herewe wereha ppy to meet with Mrs . Ma rcusWh itma n, who 9 ea tthe winter with us . Mrs . L ittlejohn a lso ta rrie “I"?a fter Christma s. Their Christia n society wa s ltlglilyfe

'

riz eda'

=.Mr. L i ttlejohn, and the IndianR’Iessrs . R0 ers a nd M’

K ay, ca ba ck from -the.

interi or before ‘

hristrna sl‘

I t wa s a n interesting sa bba thda y. The L a rdwa s in our midst . Next sabba th, New

tmsfixoaed tuelora a a t permisoxd uinfle seat ans6

a epa a lom as Kepaxou 108 am s .raqm

‘sopa oss 0 eq.

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TE N m a s s m bneoon.

and a fter wa i ting ti l l i t had somewha t a ba ted at thehea d of the portage, shewa lked to the foot of the rapids,three mi les . N ext ay we rea ched Va ncouver, and

a scended the Wa lamet a bout three mi les, where

pa ssed the night .Frida y, 1 2 th . Pursued our way up the river . The

day wa s very hot, a nd the sun scorched our hea ds a sa bla st from a furna ce . To Mrs . L . the hea t seemedsca rcely endura ble ; the fever ran h i her tha n in any

previous a tta ck , a nd whi le she lay in t re ca noe, sca rce

y a ble to ra ise a ha nd , we la nded and ma de a bowerover her to a vert the beams of the sun, a nd thussecured

a shade, which wa s a grea t rel ief. We rea ched thefa l ls a bout 5 o'clock , P . M. , when she wa s yet ha rdlya ble to go up to the house una ssisted , wh ich wa s but a

rods distant . Mrs . Wa l ler rece i ved us very k indly, Mr. W. being a bsent . Here we were a lso gla d tomeet Mr . a nd Mrs . Frost, a nd Mr. a nd Mrs . Abernethy,a nd other friends . By the time our meeting cldsed,Mrs . L . had pa rtia l ly recovered from the a gue a nd

fever, a nd a s soon a s th ings could be put in tra in, webid a ll here fa rewell , a nd set our fa ces towa rd the

c , we found a t“

Vancouver, having just a rrive pl ies for the Oregon Miss i on. To Ca pt . N . lady we were introducedby Mr. L esl ie, who returned pa ssen or wi th himthe S andwich Isla nds, where he ha d cft his two da u h

ters a t school . We now pursued ourway to theD a ls,where, a fter tra versing the ri ver a nd the orta a s a t. the

C a sca des a t the t ime of high wa ter, a nd)

en ering thea ssa ul ts of thousands of moschetoes, we were glad toa rri ve once more in sa fety, look ing upon our return, a s.

we had long been wont to do, a s a grea t tempora l salva tion, so manywere the da ngers wi thWhich we were

'

continua lly surrounded in thena viga tion of thesewa ters.

hese wa ters, the Columbia a nd its bra nches, we?

may record more tha n th irty dea ths by drowningin

:

red.five yea rs preceding the writer'

s depa rture from

m means in‘

ortsdom

gen During this time, addin a few months,’

he ha sca noed twenty times up and own the Wa lamet, fourtimes from Va ncouver to Chenook, a nd th irty- two tibetween ‘ Vancouver a nd the Da lls, not less togetherthanfour thousand mi les . I f a n one ha s rea son t

tha nkful , he ha s more ; a nd wou (I here ma rk , a ndknowledge the hand of God in his preserva t ion.

As i t rega rds the rel igious to of the na t ivesth is sta tion, the writer ha s a imethough brief sta tement ; a nd Itha s to say further on th is subject .Of the ma ss ' it may be sa id tha t three- fourths a nd

more a p ca red ca reless a nd indifferent a bout the tea chings of t re gospel , a nd ma ny of thesewere even aga insthea ring i t prea ched , tha t = they might go on in theirhea thenish pra ctices, and in direct oppos it ion to itscomma nds, unrestra ined . But they a re not singula r inthis— would they were ; for how ma ny in th is Christian land , reader, do the same Why ? B ecause theyha te good and love evi l , and tha t conscience may sleepover their sins ! The rema inder were those tha tla tterly composed , for the grea ter pa rt, our congregations ; and among these some were found who continued to use the

’

means of gra ce, and who , so fa r a s

could be known, were endea vouring to follow the'

lightthey had recei ved ; but '

aga inst these some a rosela ugh , a nd

“

rid icule, a nd'

mock. S uch wa s the sta tethe people

‘

a t the t ime the wri ter left the r country), in

rega rd to the d irect ' tendencies of miss iona ry la our

among them. fDoubtless the rescues a nd la bours of the miss iona

ries there ha ve a be prevented bloodshed , a nd rel ievedmany in s ickness, and improved the condi ti on of ma nyby the introduction of better cloth ing. Ma ny

‘ have?

been . taught the use of the needle. A number o f?theirlswere for a len th of time week] a ttenda nts a t“ burouse,Where Mrs . ee ta ught them this a rt. The crue l

custom' of.fla ttening infa nts’hea ds sti l l prevai ls, though

some have in’

.a few instances been dissua ded from i t

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TE N r am s m OREGON .

" N m a s s m OREGON - 2 65 v

reader. A lad of the Ca la pooya tribe, whohad been

named Da v id K ilburn, and wa s l iving in the enjoyment

of rel igion, wa s suddenly removed by dea th caused by

a blow he a ccidently recei ved on ins hea d , wh ich so

grea tlyinjured the bra in a s to destroy l ife in a short.

time .Th is wa s in the winter of 1 84 3 , following

l the

good work before mentioned . A nother happy ea th

wa s tha t of E mel ine Porter : she wa s of the same tribe.

S he wa s converted in the beginning of the reviva l , and

l ived and died a Christi a n. S he endured her sickness

with submission, a nd d ied in triem ha nt pea ce .

(I to the Da l ls, a s sfere sta ted , i twa s

Mrs . L ee, on a ccount of her feeble

hea l th , required my a ttention nea rly the whole t ime,

a nd there wa s no good ground to hope tha tshe would

soon, or ever, recover, under the continua nce of existing

circumsta nces . S he greatly needed a sea son of res t to

recruit her prostra ted strength , and wh ich she could not

havehere, where the ca l l for her l a bo

urs wa s constant

a nd impera tive . Besides, her nervous system had a lso

suffered ma teria l inje r from the man excitin causes

which ha d surrounde us for yea rs ere, a nfiwh ichcontinued to increa se ; a nd its improvement

dema nded

achange of p

la ce, where medica l a id might be a sso

cia ted wi th quietness a nd rest . For us to rema in longer

in the missron prom ised noth ing a dva ntageous to. its

interests, wh i le a t the same time i t threa tened on

wi th evils wh ich We might wel l dread . To a void themthere a ppea re

d but one wa y, a nd i t wa s bel ieved tha tduty required us to embra ce i t .

Therefore the resolution wa s made to a va i l ourselves of the ea rl iest oppo

n

tunityto return to the Uni ted S ta tes. A yea r ha s

pa ssed awa y s ince, yet no cause of regret h

a s a risen on

the a ccount ; but otherwise God ha s a pproved the

d.It wa s the l a st of July when

one to lea ve . Wednesda y mornwere .

4

mg,writer prea ched to the l ittle ba nd

a t th en s tring, 3 1 with them the

nion of the L ord’s supper, in hope of drink ing~wi

them the new .wine of.the kingdom,

” where our ce

mea ted hea rts should no more be rent a sunder. Precions to us were those dea r oneswi thwhom in sorrowa nd in joy we had so long been a ssocia ted . S ca rcelywere ever hea rt- strings so strongl entwined together.A t the dusk ofeveningwe were a llready to emba rk inour canoe, which wa s to tra nsport us on boa rd the vesselin which we were to lea ve the country . We now tooka n a ffectiona te leave ofMr. a nd Mrs. Perkins, and Mr.

and Mrs . Brewer, and step ed into our canoe to ma keour la st voya 0 down the olumbia ; pa ssed the Ca scades wi th Iig toned hea rts tha t we should be exposedto their toi ls a nd da ngers no more; and touched a t

Fort Va ncouver on business, and to ta ke our la st looka t our friends there, to whose k indness we had beenmuch indebted . S a turda y morning went on boa rd theba rk D iamond, C apt . Fowler, from E ngland , bound tothe S andwich Isla nds, where we ha d en aged our pa ssage.

-Here Mrs . L ee rema ined wh ile h ewri ter wentto the Wa lamet Fa l ls, close up his business withthe mission. He . re,a ched there on S a turda night,prea ched on S unday, and left aga in on Monda y .

wa s ha rd pa rting wi th Messrs . W a l ler a nd Abernetla nd their wi ves, a nd other friends. Pea ce be wthem ! S a bba th , August 1 3 th. The vesse l ha d a rrived

George, and Mr. Ja son L ee andm selfprea cheda t Mr. Birnie’s . This wa s the la st sab a th we spenttogether. Whi le we were here the kind hospitahtiesof Mr. : J ames B irpie

’s house were ver enerously

served u for our enterta inment . Mr. an firs . Frost,Dr. a nd rs . B a bcock , with their famil ies, were here,and with myself pa ssengers of the D iamond . Mrs.

Dr. Whitma n wa s a lso here, ha ving, wi th Mr. L esl ie,a ccompa nied me from theWalamet on a visi t .Tuesday,

.

1 5th. We took lea ve of our friendsemba rked on our voyagedeta ined ti l l the folloWin

.

_

we crossed the ba r, and;the ba rk wa s to touch on her way to the Isles

’

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TEN YEARS (N OREGON .

pa re for repose, which wa s a ccordingly done ; and weprepa red our bed by layin down some ma ts in our deportment of the boa t, w ich wa s squa repla cin thereon our bed, a nd when properly a djusted,ourbe -roomwould ha ve been bynomeans unplea sant,only for thewant of a roof. But the skywa s unclouded, a nd the a tmosphere ra ther exhi la ra ting, so tha t,a fter we were fa irly stowed away, i t wa s decided tha ta very comforta ble night

’s rest might be rea sona bly

a nticipa ted a nd our a nticipa tionswould ha ve no doubtbeen rea l i zed , had i t not been for a n innumera ble nightly band which soon came hovering over our ungla zedwindow for the purpose of serenad ing. We l istenedto their music , but fel t a l ittle a prehensi ve tha t i t mightbe the ir design to lul l us to sieop with their la intive,meltin tones, and then, l ike a greed gang ofhighwa ymen, upon

'

us pcll-mel l , a nd re us of every drop

of blood in our ve a s . We had sca rcely interchangeda word in respect to the a nticipa ted danger, when, a lla t once, we were pierced a s wi th

'

a thousand ba rbeda rrows . Be not a la rmed, dea r rea der. They werenot the a rrows of our India n neighbours, but of a more

i irsty ra ce, wh ich a re ca l led b the sa vagesoopoonoochickchick,

”and in our less arba rous lan

guage“ moscketoes .

” Our ca l cul a ti ons for the nightwere now ent irely broken up ; a nd in order tha t therest of the fami ly might sleep, I cnga ed to sit Upwi tha fa n, a nd, a s fa r a s poss ible, keep t rese wh ining intruders out of the room . And if our fa ir rea ders findi t a s diflicult a t a ny t ime to keep themselves comfortsbly cool during a sultry summer

’

s day in their pa rloursW i th their fans, a s the wri ter found i t to d ischa rge hisdut tha t nigh twith his, he most s incerely sympa th i

'

zeswit them.

N ight pa ssed awa y, andwi th i t our tormentors disappeered ; and a swe had a fine run the following day, werea ched the l owermost of the Ca thlamet Islands : herewe tied our boa t, to a branch of a tree which extended

,

over the wa ter, and a s i t began to ra in we rigged,

la

'I ‘E N yams tit: ba sses .

temporary tent‘

of sheets over us “

and e ed a good'

ni'

ght's rest, the sea -breeze ha ving confi the insect'

tribes heir ma rshy dwel l ings .

‘

The next morninwe met with a cord ia l welcome from Mr. B irnie a ndin t ime for breakfa st . And, a s I find i t recorded'

ent a sl, so we would here record ourto our ea venly Fa ther, for our sa fe a rri va l a twh ichwa s to be the field of our future la bour.

rived on the 6th, and from th is unti l the 9thwe wereengaged in a rra nginga few

'

o f our th ings for the resentcomfort of the famrly, _

a s Mr. B irnie had'

kindly furp ished us with a room for our present use.

On‘

the morning of the 9th Mr. S olomon S mi th a rri ved , with his fami ly from the Wa lamet, for the purpose of settlin nea r

_

the missi ona ry post tha t might beerected here. his was cause ofjoy on our pa r

t,inas

much a s he professed religion, and hisWife -Wa s aCla tso woma n, a nd knew

_

someth ing concerning thetrue (god, wh ich wa s a ground for he e tha t theymight prove subservient to the interests 0 the mission

,besides a ugment ing our sma l l c ircle of society .

This bein the.

sa bba th, I prea ched to the soulscomostn our tllree families, and one young man besides,rom ob xxi, 1 5.

On the loth Mr. B irnie, S mi th, and myself crossedo ver to Young

’s B ay in sea rch of a loca tion where our

i n S mi th might'

ma ke a form, but returneddecid ing upon a nypa rticula r spot .

‘

1 i th,'

comlmenced getting the Checa lish a nd Chenook la nguagesa nd Mrs. Frost employed pa rt of ,

her time in tea ch ingMr. B irnie’s chi ldren, of which he had six very inter

estin daughters a t‘

_home, a nd one little son, five

of whom were c of recei ving instruction, wh ichwi th our l ittle son cons ti tuted the school .On the eveni the 1 2 th we had an ecl ipseof themoon, whio time, a t its height-aban

“

t . 30mzi in the ris ecl ipse, accor‘ding'

tomy A lmana c, wa s a t its in the la titude

.

ofAlbanyandNew-York, a t th. 5 n themdrningof the 1 3 th;

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TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .

side of the river, and in a few m inutes more theoldChiefta in, wi th fifteen twenty of his wa rriors, stood

i the pla tform . Theywere ea ch a rmedwithmusketknife, and a fter being suppl ied with fresh ammuni

ti on, a bunda ntly rega led with biscui t a nd mola sses,decl a red themselves, in the true spiri t of their formerchief Comcomly, whose bones were deposi ted nea r

a t hand, to be now rea d a s he had been in'

yea rs

gone by, to protect th is dwel l ing pl a ce of their wh itene ighbours a a inst the inva sions of every anticipa tedfoe . A nd tha t da rk portentous brow, and fire- l ikefla shing eye, exh ibited by the brother of the chiefwh i lein consul ta t ion wi th the other wa rriors, wi th referenceto the proba ble perpetra tors of the cold-blooded. murders, wi ll never be forgotten by one who witnessedthese scenes ; if a nytlnng ea rth] ever indica ted re

ven c, i t wa s tha t fixed ferocious lldok.

he night pa ssed awa y, whi le many a hea vy sighescaped upon the wings of the gentle sea breeze fromod ment upon the spot where ma ny a nxious hea rts

a nd we eful eyes had long s ince been enclosed wi thinstock a ding of the origina l fort, ofwh ich there

'

waba vestige now to be seen; a nd a t length themorning

sunreturned , to remind us ofthegoodness ofhis Creator,who had wa tched over us, his feeble childrenp duringhis a bsence ; and, a s i t were, pointed us to the promisesof his recious Word , wh ich sha l l a ll be a s inva ria blyfillfillCCl:in beha lf of those who humbly trust in him, a s

the v isi ts of th is brigh t morningmessenger.

All na ture now put on a smi le, and nothing amongthe surrounding objects of crea tion indica ted the lea stunhappiness, sa ve the pea rly dew-drop upon the checkof the blooming flowers , a s though cha ste Flora hadgone forth a t ea rly dawn to weep over the wretchednossa ttenda nt upon human l ife, since the effect of man

’s first

transgression manifested itselti in the cries of righteousAbel’s blood from the ground , for vengea nce upon hisdevoted brother.

At the t ime of the above transa ction, the brig Mary

TE N YE ARS IN ORE GON .

land‘

, ofNewburyport,wa s lying a t anchOr near P i ll arRock ; but Ca pta in Couch had no knowledge of thesemurders unti l he wa s informed thereof by a noteus : uponwhich heweighed anchor, and droppedto A storia .

On_ the 2 3d, which wa s the sabba th, I rea ched tom usua l congre a tion, with the addition of r.

’I‘olmie,

w 0 ha d a rri ve wi th a detachment from Va ncouver,a nd severa l from on boa rd of the Ma ryland : text,Psa lm xvi, 8.

Onthemorning ofthe 2 4 th a sea reh_

wa s commencedfor the murderers M’

K ay; a nd for th is pur ose a

boa t and canoe were ma nned a nd despa tched or thev icini tyof the fishery, where the murder had beencommitted, ta k ingwi th them two squaws, thewives of twoof the head men belonging to the clan which residednea r P i l la r Rock . These women had been ta ken, a ndwere kept a s hostages, andwere to a s a ides to thea rt ies ; it ha ving been a lready a scerta ine tha t a slelon ing to

‘

the husband of one of these women wa sOne 6 themurderers . About this t ime old S kuma quea ,who, a s ha s been heretofore sta ted , resided a fewmi lesa bove the fishery, came down ; a nd, a s he had pref

vieusly decla red his innocence, and promised to usebis ' beel endea vours to ap rehend the uilty, broughtwith him

'

now a Q uiniutleflndian, ones?a tribe -whosela nds lay to the north of the Columbia ; which Indian,"and the sla ve a bove-ment ioned, were decla red to be theperpetrtttors of

'

the crime. The India n promised toremain a t Astoria unti l. the subject

'

could be ful ly investiga ted, a nd S kumaq

’

nea returned to his home.

D r. Tolmie, who went outwi th the pa rty befor'

e men

tioned, returned on the 2 6th; ha vin seen nothing of.

those’ ‘

forwhom the sou ht . 3And t ie prisonera bove”mentioned, a lthoug l he ad expressed such a wi ll ingnes

'

s'

to rema in for further examinati on tha t Mri Birme’was

'

induced to lea ve him unbound , had embra ced thefi rst fa voura ble op ity, a nd made his escape.

-. Dr.

'I‘

olmie le t it in the evening to 10m Dr.1 2 '

out or‘isspraerq iroot em Ba rnreut etrt u]

“

'

zufiru efirrqo ere/a em ‘Burdeere JO pa stsur‘rsrp os .

‘seeu_ro isoq erqa reurnuur ,a s qtrM toseq uoos

are f ess-

1nq‘tser s

‘infiru'

poof}, h a s 9 sq ea a q pra eus

pua'

deals ornh ep sa a resrno prnrem up our 30 smeu

pip .t'

ea o pa iuln pus‘ineur rue poo? tire/t euros uodn

peddns Buramrserge‘os z a ouso .mo tj ol em eours serrer

,uet inoqe perrea eu Bur/tau‘Ka a em mou exam 9M

3001 .1 0 .roou- tnoqtrm tr urBura rr'

ssm pue‘eaea bs

199} uoeirr; inoqs‘urqa o

-Bor a 30 .(poq out (in prarpa iroqm

‘tprui s a wpuno; om a ra irpav usnfinv a rpa soro

Eur/mil srqwnroo out uo uosa a s eqt‘uosees ueurrss

puooes .rreqr JO iuewa euewwoo emt o; Ba rtram suerp-ur doswlo exp puno; am 91 011

°

uourra s “a; a rp a irs)Kerri t|0tllM a rJere/n our: ‘KxoeeeN sea riou a rp .{q pausesrweens srll‘L

’

1001l00'I edeo aeeu ueeeo exp o iur

seridure t a rears emin pa arrm rriun qa sa qfluore papea eord pus

‘useoo a rp oi ura rd exp pessoro

2 urnrd oneor sequinre error? a rrfia oaqi pa ssed pus‘Kap

Kra sau mon seM iraq‘trsaa ur a rp pessoao

‘a oua o me

do pernnq em a JeH'

epri lrfirq is‘urerd out JO errur s

tnoqs urqirm or erqa firaeu sam pue‘lpa os a rp UJ OJJ q

a ir; owrewes irerqm‘urmeuedmrs a rp pause .rea rr

a da mam pue‘eoueo e a rKeg sfiuno pessoro

'

smoqqfireu men srtrBa oumBuors E urne ssm errgnoqmouiroi snorxua are; am imp os

‘erro isv ”oraneours

souo rnq turms umuees ;ou petr0M°

surerd dosi aroa rp no

‘trirws umtrsra oi

‘teurerem an) urea; James

usoraemv us‘strqr‘L urarng atwpue ermroL

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rq nirmKusduroo a ra rro isV ij erI l

a eqweida s 30 is ; a rp no'suourumroa ooi irrom srqt Ba rtram 30 me;

my Kruo own18 111 i s rmrrnofKm urpepaooer suorieeyexeuros eqrxosuer; ererr prnom I ; 1

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rra ox turned urea;‘sressea a rp woryuaur pus sreorrro etp J0

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me orpaqosexd 1‘rpeqqes a rp Bura q rpm; 41q

jsrra aexd ormeprde srqt east asuorflar ema rornews

fireanoqa ana mp nous a urarr_ro tra cer a rp

‘a tta p

autos so; .rea e}punenfis a rp qttMJmOMB ueeq ea eq tioq

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YNQ Q HII Q N 1 S ilVS A N8 3. s cen e a t suva x um .

-e.r or penrutred eq prnom«( out‘Kirrnfi a seq petreaers

ureqrHa tllM Jo amrae 0111 oi eoueaej ex tripe iueeouur

elem am a eedda ira rrow pue ewoo pra om Kent 3!

ram uuor t llM we or fins 01 petoorrp fiura q‘spunq

- snt| uraepucm .i ra qi Jo llama s a r08 o i penrwred OJOMsafietsorrsu peureier eq purroqm namom uerpul ometp pue t sewor oa rteedser .rreqr t o; nor

‘sremes tau!

4 3mm a ir-

t pue uudwoo out 10 uewepuei‘}out50 isow

'ttorfier prrm arm t o; tear;

a ozrnb— ‘

puepfaewourmen retre a t: i s Bur r em pue

‘S uruaow ertua reweo sressea s‘Kuedwoo 0111 30°

ouees Burssensrp srtrt esore a re men

"tuew

rrsrund earl n toedxo urfirul Kelp

‘sawrae

eirrrour 10 ia ewrr fun in ere/u .reqwuu .i ra qi 10Kurt rri s 1 toadxe i trfirw .( etlt sa ri

‘ma tn(pr/n Kuowmq

ooee pa idnu eturuu urea rl o i pears-

op pus‘spuerr;

.rreqr OJOM em errtrm“mt" puntsropun 01 spam a t e/u

aueserd suarpuI arp pav'

peop sum err“W“ sp a n a t

Aq da flunq‘llOOUJ a lJB Ollt urna erere one to

‘Krtuen

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reurwri o srtrt re epaw oq pruorrs old

rwexe no imp‘suori a perdep .tetrunrro uorssrurwoo a rp

pue‘saapauut .retpmr re norms /read a t" .rorKassa oeau

Kra tnrosqn sum 1! ta rp pue lemon err] JO euo

S UM ermrurnb srtri ta rp iuesead sa ttllm or" “a Kq pepro

- sp .

asm trpue tpetmri surmou se ar uorisurwa xa uV'

saemes towers/5A our30 .ta qwnu a Kq

paruedwoa oeBura q‘tpez a rp JO Ba rusem out no a ri orsv

a , umop wrtr tqfinorq err/n‘urplfinaq ‘w or .IOAO

wrtrperea rrep pue‘owrt puooes 1 : warflurpuelroi dda a r

pepa eeous senbewnns pun t aeropmw .t eipo err;

‘uerp

a t) a rp JO ermdnoex out t o; pa tent) moussm

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0t|t Jo euo GI RL] .-

peeqOllt (Enema 10 118 pus

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qirru uerieeuuoe a rsuerpula n a s] out 10 euo Kq pa re/too

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‘Kund

eqtwet} pearn e eouee s out 30 Buruaoul or" no'llMOp eutoo

tsnt‘

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ensA wet; a fiasq a rp 30 pasoq uosam oqm

‘urprfia eq ‘w.

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TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .

wa i ting my return ; a nd in order to be sh ielded fromthe appr

oa ching ra ins, the trip must be made, and a

house must be bui l t from the stump in a fewweeks.S o , a fter enjoying the privileges of one more Christiansa bba th wi th the brethren, we pa cked up Mr. K ane

’s

goods on Monda y, a nd on Tuesda y morning obta inedtwo India n canoes, and one wh i te ma n, three India ns,a nd a Hawa ia n to na vi a te them ; a nd on Thursdaymorning, ha ving stowec in a ll the goods the ca noeswould conta in, lea ving sma l l spa ces wherein we wereto sit, very much l ike men in the stocks, we pla cedtwo India ns a nd theHawa ian in the la rgest ca noe, wh ichconta ined the most of the goods ; a nd our white man,

Pa ddy, we took in the canoe wi th ourselves, ma kinghim helmsma n, and one of the India ns we put in the

bow to a ss ist in pa ddl ing. now commenced our

downwa rd voyage wi th a fa ir prospect of rea ch ingVa ncouver by the close of t e fol lowing day but, a fterrunning down severa l ra pids in safety, we came to onewhich ent irely knocked a ll our fond expecta t ions inthehead : for no sooner had the la r e ca noe entered the

swift wa ter, tha n, th rough the ba t?ma nagement of thecrew,

i t wa s borne down wi th rapid ity aga inst some.

snags, a nd, with a tremendous cra sh, went to pieces.A s we were in the rea r, we da rted by them in a mo

ment , a nd a s we pa sse d the fa ta l spot, there were’

trunks, ba rrels, pa ils , a nd bundles, a nd Indi a ns and.

Hawa ia n, a ll jumbled together in stra nge confusi on,every one a ppa rently l abouring to be up ermost.

ra n our canoe upon a sma l l isla nd , lea pc on shore, unloaded the ca rgo a s soon a s poss ible, a nd lea vin Mrs .

K one inmy cha rge, the canoewa s immedia tely 8 reved'

olf in pursui t of the floa ting ca rgo from the wreck . Byth is t ime the Ind ians a nd Hawsta n had succeeded intowing severa l of the a rticles on shore , a nd were swimming a fter some of thosewh ich had not sunk , but were

"

stoning down the stream.

I t wa s nea r night when this unl ooked- for disa ster:occurred ; so tha t, when i t became da rk, many things

r a n tre/ms m oa a oeni;

were sti l l missing, among wh ich wa s“

Mrs. K one’stra vell ing trunk , conta inin a gold wa tch and hermostva lua ble. clothing. I hadlighted a fire, and a swe coulddo no better, we set to work to get supper, a nd prepa re

a night’s lodgingwi thout a tent, a s this ver import

a rt icle wa s a lso among the missing. e a ssednight in sa fety, and sending Pa ddy a nd an nd ianthe nearest wh ite ma n’s house on the river, which

wa s eight or ten miles dista nt, for a canoe, the rema inder of us went in sea rch of the lost goods. We suc

ceeded in finding the tent and a few other a rticles ; butMrs . K .

’s trunk, pots, kettles, etc. , etc. , a nd our tool

box, were i rrecovera bly los t . The rema inder of thedaywa sspent indrying the recovered goods, a nd whennight returned we had a tent to lodge in.

On the following morning we loaded our ca noe,lea ving Mr. K one to ta ke cha rge of the rema iningoods, Mr. Hines, Mrs. K one, and myself set out forham oeg, and a s the canoe for which we had sent

a rri ve soon a fter our depa rture,we a llmet before nighta t the a bove—named la ce .

This being S a tur ay, we rema ined here unti l Mon

day morning, when, instead of being a t Vancouver, a sweihad anticipa ted , we had the most pa rt of our voyagesti ll to ma ke. We rea ched tha t la ce, however, on

dnesday a t a bout ten o’clock , wlierewe were enterta ined, a s usua l , with much k indness. D r. M’L au hlin now furnished us wi th a boa t, a nd we descen edthe Columbia , ex eriencingwinds, and a rri ve ht A storiamorning, a nd were ha ppy to fiable hea l th . ~Mrs . Frost wa s

possession ofMrs.

rug a ll our formerforwa rd in our worBut now the ra iny season wa s soon to set

‘ in'

ptherefore

_it wa s necessa ry tha t we should ha sten to bul ld o

ca bin to cover our hea ds . A nd a s Mr. S mith had m e t;to his fami ly to the southern end of C la tsop Pla in, a out

i

'

{er usrpur'

rrars err; .t agy o neir errora ma n torre pus'

tso'

er or penurtuoa tea r or“ ,f und erri re da flurireerq

err; o; .(rsnora ead ‘

peariea‘uori a oysrros earrue srrroruse

_

ewrrrBurrrrrretro ‘orrm

‘era ts Bururreep e orewrt euros

porr oum uorpur ue sem ereru srsenfi perqr “

a .figfiiwasse ert fiuowo pue

‘a rramed o; perrauruora erorrm a rr;

értgstrpire pom old sum asse; o oreH j errro e

gt

_ro efipora rr:”‘lg

l

OlirUOWUI som tr re i sow errr‘woisne o; urproopo

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puo.t-dwa o errr o iur rue uo Burflurrq urpapeea a ns pue moment srorunrrerr;30 euo ewrrsrrri rnoqv

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iuepunqe .{rea;ou

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som sureiunow err; wear rfrddns .i ra qi ‘werrt 30 funso uam so esoe pea orom; a serri rout Burees .

‘es.moa re

. fa etunrr'

rue err; re trrrds err;‘srtour ‘r

‘somnuower 3e

out perrz errt no a erorrm err; a r new omr 1nq eaem ea a rr;so puo f

cpoor rrop 1 0} suroiuuow err; worr ewoe pue‘

siooa no n ;uopuedep K some men exam Kerr;‘aerrtoue

wa rp z serorArrrecrr

e uosees euo Burmp qfinouaurlfer .rea eu

‘erdoe ;uepraoadwr ;sow e a re [ our

so prre‘

peauewwoa to iruosea s uowres us; or“ ,a rmor arrrrro

‘ewos err; _ro sseurrm- eKe us sem

orrm‘eyrm srir .(q mriroi umourr epow som rraurm pue‘

iomere err; i nea rra sqo s‘rrrrwg uwEurmp ‘i‘fxoeoaN

to wa rp q pewaorred somrra rrrm

-fstee snoaoqroq .tra iri

go one Burtorer JO esedra out so;‘earroraou err; re

33e urow a rri urea} eprse urn; or aw .ror ssrwo tr rrurrrttourrrm .repoer e r sderrrad pav

'

suoao

uaoq pue

‘snort—

rts.redns ‘increu r eaem orrm suerpur q pepunouns

tree} s‘uourerr’

rrmerrt .( qpessa ad wopra s ueeq'

porrrrorrrmrros o uodn pue

‘norfiea prrm a or

‘euoro .fra rriue exam

Kep touron .fqpa a uerredxe exam sflurreerefiuoa isuortoredo eouewwoe pue Burprraq

.rno res oi ererrm ; 9 our no xrr orfowri terrt flurmp‘

a rem em pue‘K'ep urmorro; out no urnter or peerfle

pue‘

uererri sopreerq retro os : urqoo me to sfiorS urfsarea a r so rerose o; a na rpur

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refl or siuewe uouo owesa rrow or pue

‘

roa rrro .rno qrrmweir; rurenbeo oi- ‘Arruroy

arrr or m iner 01 Krossea eu ;r tllfi ti'

otrt rrrrurs'.r

°Bururow rrtun sseuviarnb pus posed urtders pue ,

umop searesmo prermou

1 ,sa ves - arm. MODS I IO N ! 8 117 3 5 N 3

9M°

uorurwop perroarrunprerr- S uruurfleq a rp p

‘

errsse

‘

usnoeirrfira uo'

ro Kweuo err; era rrm‘ea erd prrm rerrr

urgnopuoi s redsofl a rr; S urrea l a rroiuewnusurewooeq

;rrrw em ;orrt‘

pro puo uorta errp arrrfiuraordwr‘

pogKi rrfirwrv o; .reKead a rpetrun mou 9M user 30 due a

pue‘ira rrs u no persoor arted

‘trna srq umoaqro pa tsrsuoa

rrerrrm‘J eddns Kuoa rre or umop ins uoos prre

‘

iuei .rno

petreird‘a rrra tra uma

‘a oeed a rea ord a rr; re uorssessod

tree; em tour 09‘ta ira rrri a rr; orur pe.rrta r pue

‘ma rp- rrirm .i na q a rrt

‘

perra ooaddo so pue‘ofieauoe iroot

am ‘moqrrfireu mau .rno eerrou o i Burufira p ua a e tou‘uo

perra i ew pue “

‘sana q re prwro rou we r, ,

‘

pres rrtrwsuprr se rnq t ererrsa rror

‘siueirqorrurre uoridrra sap srtri

orsaefluwis‘eu pa snoa srrr; furor .rno rra rrd orpe.rrsep am

exerrm ;ods out man roeq efiaoro pera noesrp am ea ord

err; .perra oer em a i oreq asnr' '

ia suns tnoqe Buruemp.mo 1 0} pera eres ea ord err; perra eer emi pa pi erem rrerrrm uodn ‘

urord erri saea a o pue trarum errrrrfinorrri

‘ernox snoi rnei ra a &q prre

‘uepmq JO i sa a q ou

perr am so‘seara srno pepeor

‘srrood oiurofiroa .mo (In

epew men out I

'

eaorrs a o irroq Kz ere .rno pa rnerrpun‘uorrefira eu eouea re pea rr err; or do perpped

‘rea rg

urmouede irg err; pe.rerue‘

Korr s‘fiunorr ssoreo ea rner)

pei a ers pun‘eorrea pa rra unor

‘

uemei er serrulerprq em ‘Kop ixeu err rrruu awrr .rno per noa o

rrorrrm‘iuei pun

‘suorsra oa puu

‘sroot .rno da fi rrrira ed

‘

prnoa em so rrem so n arrow firrrflueue .rerre es

q oo e do 1nd pue urerd desi erg err; or Krererpew-wrpeeeord prnom em errrrm uwre a rea err; a rserrrurer .m o eanerprnom em ra rri pa u a top pue

‘uori

-oaodo 10 epow isa q err; treda pa irrisuoa mou 9M'

esnorro Bur- irew ur on i srsse peerrra swrrrperioda i prre

‘irire

poo? urKrrwerarrr Bura orr‘eouoa a rrrturm eraorsv or

euros err‘ir oneirproem prorr err; so

‘Kop ewes out 10

uoouaauo err; orta g'

ansrnd o; esmoa ;errm aurwre;or rrnarrrrp irpunor em

‘eaurs 1° proa rrueeq iou flura

pus‘ea oqo peuorrueur so

‘ieworrrreo re uorrei edes .ra o

uodn Krarorperuwr‘

puorliquerpue rerem .{q serrw ttrfire

TEN YEARS I N OREGON .

turned to the l odgewhere he belonged, he stuck some

pieces ofmea t upon a st ick and set them up before thefi re to roa st ; he then stretched himself out upon hisma tfor the purpose of recruit ing strength sufficient to finishhis sha re of the elk, when i t should sufficient]cooked ; but contra ry to his ex cota t ions i t appea red:he fel l into a sound sleep, so t not when his s ister, withwhom he l i ved , and the other inma tesof the lodge, teturned , and found him in th is posture, brea th ing ha rd,a nd sometimes groa ning, caused , no doubt by ha vingcrammed his empty stoma ch wi th such a qua nti ty 0

hea vy food , a nd a s they found tha t he couldnot

'

be

rea di ly a roused from tlns torpid sta te, they all a s one

struck n the dea th -wa i l , a nd one ra n to Mrs . S mi th toborrow t rcir shovel for the purpose of di ging a gra vefor the ma n, whom they now pronouncer

gl to be dead .

Mrs . S mi th followed this messenger to the led e,

where she found the customa ry prepa ra t ions for t einterment of the dea d going forwa rd wi th ha ste but a s

she found the man, to a ll a ppea ra nce, not ver near his

na tura l end, she proposed to put off the fa nera unti l thefollowing morning, when, if the ma nwa s a ctua l ly dea d ,they would bury him decently . This counsel wa srejected wi th much 3 irit, they decla ring tha t he wa snowitka mama luste, tha t is , certa inly dea d , andwi th

out further ado he wa s rolled up in his blanket andma t, tied with a rope, and slun upon the ba ck of arela tive, a nd away they ma rche towa rd the pla ce of

buria l , rending the a irwi th the ir wa i l ings . They a rri vea t the spot, lay down the l iv ing corpse, wh ich uttereda pi tiful groan ; th is Wa s to them another conclusi veevidence tha t i t wa s high time he should be buried .

Mrs . S mit h expostula tcd . But they upbra ided herwith being re a rdless of their welfa re seeing tha t thesa lmon

,whic had just ma de their a pea ra nce, would

a ll lea ve the ri ver a t once , if a den body should beround ! The hole wa s ha sti ly dug, a nd0 could not preva i l , Mrs. S . returned tot wa s told, by one tha t did rema in, tha t

TE N YEAR S I N OREGON .

after the bodywa s put therein and some dirt thrownupon i t, one of the men descended to tramp i t down,which caused the poor h a lf-buried man to groan a l oud ;but they persevered unti l his groanin cea sed, and thel a st sad ellices” were completed . reynowreturnedto the lodge, distributed the knife a nd such other a rticles left by the depa rted , among the present berea vedrela t ions a nd commi tted his elk mea t, which wa ssca rce] cooked before his buria l a nd consequent dea th ,to the ames, a s i t wa s aga inst the ir consc ience to ea ta nyth ing wh ich had been repa red b the dead . A nd

a s they had a res t abundlzince of sa men tha t sea son,

they were no doubt sa tisfied tha t they had performeda oed work .

it h this descript ion of the cha ra cter of those whowere to be our future neighbours, in connection wi ththe wi ldness of the fa ce ofna ture a round us, the rea derwi l l not wonder tha t we had stra nge feel ings tha t day.

But we were fa r from being discouraged, nei ther d idwe stop to look ba ck . We selected the spot for our

house, moved camp, dug a hole to obta inwa ter, clea reda roa d from the pla in to the t imber, a nd returned a

l i ttle before sunset to the tent . We now prepa red oursupper, a nd whi le we were es tin being sea ted in thedoor of the tent, our neighbour t re bea r ma de his a

pea rance wi th in a few rods of us : we immed ia telyseized our uns a nd ga ve cha se ; _

but_

Brnin soon disappea red in the th icket, a nd ~we returned to complete our

mea l .After wa sh ing our dishes, a nd a rranging ma tters in .

the tent, we committed our families a nd sel ves, to 1care of our Fa ther in hea ven, a nd, being wea ry, soon

0

I shourld ha ve mentioned , however, tha t beforewe

ret ired for the nightMr. S mi th returned , ha ving obta ined' l . o

a promise from the Indi ans tha t they wouldt eeine tthenext morning to a ssist in ca rrying lo 8 .

rim

We arose ea rl in the morning. il l s S . andmyselfentered the wee s wi th our a xes to cut

'

logs, whi leMr.

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TEN YEARS lN OREG ON .

not in templ made wi th hands, in the refresh inga ndcomforting influences of the Holy S piri t upon our hea rtswhi le we en aged in prayer a nd pra ise .

On the fol owin morning we commenced laying upthe squa re of our lieuse and in a fternoon we hada very uncx ccted vis i t from Mrs . K one, Frost, a ndB irnie . A rt a s they had come the distance of a boutfourteen m i les, pa rt of the way with canoe, and the re

ina inder on foot, cross ing the woods and pla in, and

wa ding two creeks , they were very much exhaustedwhen they rea ched the tent ; but they were soon re

wi th some wi ld fowl cooked precise] to theirl ik ing, a nd a cup of tea ; in a ddition to wh io t weh adsome l igh t biscui t , ofwhich they ha d brought a ba sketfa ll from A storia , ha ving repa red i t express! for us,not th inking we had been a rin so sumptuous y .

ladies were uite wel l plea se with our l oca tion ; butnot more so

i

liha n our l i ttle boy, who came wi th them,

who then t the smooth pra irie would be such a fine

morning Mr. S mi th and myself a ecom

pa nied the la dies ba ck to A stori a ; a nd the next dayrun ht over m cooking stove, a nd a number of other

a rtic es ; ca rrie the most of our ca rgo to the pla inthe hea d of na vi a t ion, which wa s nea rly a mi le ; a ndthen, wit h a lea rea ched tent a bout sunset, by anew route a cross the “

pla in, which crossed no creek, andone- ha lf shorter.a r worthy colleague s very hap y on our return,

h a ving 8 ent a very lon night, a s 8 had none butIndia ns tgr companions, thwhom he could conversebut l i ttle.

We were gla d to get our suppers, and lie down torest, a s we were more than usna lly fa t igued with thela bours of the day. Our loads ha d been v y hea vy,but were in such a form th a t we could not div ide them;such a s the bottom pla te of Fra zier’s pa tent coukinsto ve

,N o . 4

, a keg o r -

t . we igh ing one hundre

pounds, and severa l bags of flour of the same weight .

TEN YEAR S I N OREGON }

TheseWewere obl iged carry one mi le, a nd had thenta ken a ful l loa d throu to the bui ld ing pla ce, .whichwa s a t lea st two mi lesOur Indians had succeeded in capturing our old

ne

ighbour the bea r, wh ich ma de them a sp

lendid fea st ;a n i t wa s very amusin to wi tness the opera tion ofcooking a nd ea ting.

'Fhe bea r wa s completely dissected, and the fire wa s surrounded wi th d ifferent portions of the body ; a nd there the India ns were squa ttinga round this circle of h issing a nd smoking flesh , devouring i t a s soon a s i t wa s cooked . A good night

’s res

tsucceeded a day of toi l ; and we a rose next morningin hea lth , a nd proceeded wi th our work a nd were sosuccessful a s to finish la ying up the ca bin, a nd coveringi t wi th shingles, spl i t out of a la rge fir tree a bout aua rter of a mi le distant, the end of

.two weeks .

a t up our cooking stove, a nd fel t tha t we were completely under cover.

We now determined to go for the ladies, wh i le Mr.K enewould rema in for the purpose of

putting in a door

a nd a window. Mr . S mi th a nd mysel set out in themorning, and a rri ved Astoria by noon. Findiladies ready, a nd a nxious to remove to our newwe pa cked up our be and bedding, and clothes forpresent use, lea ving e rema inder of our eeds incha rge with Mr. B irnie, l oa ded our ca noe, a n set offfor the la in. We proceeded a cross Young

’s B a a nd

up the he a nowin to the head of na viga t ion. evingbeen reta r cd in our -progress in consequence of lowwa ter, we found the night closing is upon us, a nd con

that itwa s not best to a ttemptto cross the ma rsha nd forest in the night,

' but tha t we must ma ke our-qtr

selves a s comforta ble a s circumstances would show .

unti lmorning. Our a rrangements for the night were asfol lows we la nded our ca rgo, a nd pla ce i t upon theea rs, one end of which wa s l a id Upon a og, and theother upon the round, which wa s ver wet. " Thisdone, we ha uled the canoe a shore, a nd la i some boards,which were in the bottom, on the top ofthe Cross bars ;

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TE N YEARS IN OREGON .

pa ttin up a cabin a bout eight by ten feet, and h iin the centre to perm i t a ma n to s ta nd n

Thiswe covered with shingles ; and the next0 up, and took their lodging there,only a hen but neighbours a lso .

Mr. K one a nd myself now t a bout sawing‘o

a nd spl itting out puncheens, or short pla na n Ind ia n ca rried to the ba i ld ia We then put insome sleepers, la id down our p ank in t iers, na i ledthem fa st, a nd smoothed th a s wel l a s we could withan a dze. In th is waywe

'

ceedcd in putt ing abouttwo - th irds of a floor m our house, a nd ha v ing cei led i twi thin wi th rush ma ts, which we urcha sed from the

Indian women, and ca lked it wit mess wi thout, webegan to think we were to comforta ble . D

th is time Mr. S mi th wa s ut logs for a lfor himself, a nd I helped i t up, which wa s

December new a rr ived , and the southea st storms bega n to brea k upon our dwel l ingwi th tre.

mendous force a nd a s we had not ma de ca lcula t ionsch driftin ra ins when we sh ingled our cabin, we

found the sea t ) side of the roof to lea k l ike'

a s ieve.

This wa s a grea t a fflicti on to us, a s i t ftc uently wetMrs . K onc

’s bed ; and the more than usuti

ll dc ree of

dampness thus brought into the room render i t unhea lthy . But we trusted in God , a nd he ed for betterthings a nd, notwi thsta nd ing a ll these cm a rra ssments,and many which it is not necessa ry to ment ion, thehe s of being instrumenta l in planting the gospel standa rdin th is benighted region kept the hea rt whole, a ndproved a powerful stimula nt to future a ction.

About the middle of December we found tha t ourstore of flour began to run low ; so i t became necessa ry to ma ke a nother trip to A storia . This we drea ded to undertake, as the a th through the ma rsh and

t imber l and from the head)

of mice na viga tion topla ins ha d become exceedin ly diffi cul t from the vastamount of wa ter wh ich he a lrea dy fa l len ; but our

TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .

flour we must ha ve, a nd other necessa ries else. S oMr. S mi th a nd myself set out aga in, wi th some Indianhelp, for the fort . On our arri va l a t tha t pla cewe foundtha t Mr.

'

Tibits, for whom we had been look ing forsome t ime, had a rri ved, and a bla ck man by the nameof .Wa l la ce, who had deserted from the Ma ryland whi leshe wa s in the ri ver, in compa n

ywi th him.

This wa s‘

a source of joy to us, a s we roped to ha ve anothera ccess ion to our sma l l ne ighbourhood .A fter a short interview wi th our new neighbours, wel oaded our canoes a nd returned to the Cla tsop shore,being a ccompanied by Mr. Tibits. We proceededa bout ha lf way up the S kapanewin, and encam red forthe night, a nd the next morning rea ched the old andingpla ce. We succeeded in ca r ing a ll our effectsthrough to the pla in, but frequent y sunk into the mireup to o ur knees, a nd were ma ny times in da ngerfa ll ing from legs, which we were obl iged to cross, ithe wa ter benea th ; and with much ha rd la bourrea ched our homes just a t nightfa l l , lea ving Mr. Tibits,who had become ver

ymuch d iscouraged , to camp

the pla in. This days toi l rendered our c abin a verydesira ble place, a nd a comforta ble supper more refreshia to us tha n the most costly mea l to the full-fed, iado ea t, gouty epicure.

Previous to this Mr. K eno a nd myself had succeeded in uttin u

pa ca bin, in addition to the one weoc

cupis in t re emi of a n Ind ia n lodge, for the aecommoda tion of our Indian visitors, who frequently sta eda ll night and slept u on the floor in our house. e

did not l ike to turn t em out ofdoors in the storm lestthey should become offended , but i t wa s ve unpleasant, as our bed- rooms were enly pa rtitioneil

yoff wi th

sheets ; and we were very bap y when we were a ble'

to introduce our neighbours to t re a pa rtment especia llyset apa rt their a ccommoda t i on. We employed thecoloured man who . came wi th Mr. Tibits,

’Whose helpWa s very much needed a t th is time, . a s bur s trengt

wa s nea rly exhausted .

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A . I N 0 0.

TE N YEARS m ea s s on. TE “ YE “9 “F9 “v

our newdwel l ing before night, ha ving ma de the tediousjourney of seven mi les on the bea ch of the ocean andri ver a round Point Adams . The Indians newcame upwith our beds and some provisi ons, etc. , a nd a fter prepa rin a cup of tea , we get some weed and ma de a llthe ot ier repa ra tions in our power to enjoy the sabba th, whiciiwa s the following day.

During the next week we removed the rema inder ofour effects a in. And a s seen a s we werea l ittle rec the effects produced by thesela bours, Mr . K ene a nd myself finished off the otherpa rt of the house, so tha t we now had ea ch a room offi fteen by twenty feet in si ze, and a tight roof over ourhea ds, and fel t tha nkful tha t we were thus comfortablysi tua ted .

Mr. Tibits a nd S m i th new commenced a cabin onea ch side of us

, a nd before the sa lmon sea son cemmenced our two neighbours were enjoying the cover oftheir own roofs .

We had not enjoyed our new residence long beforei t wa s evident tha t Mrs . K ene’s hea l th wa s such tha tmedica l a id would soon be indispensa ble, a nd a s i t he

came necessa ry for Mr. S mi th to go to the Wa lametfor sup l ies, a sta tement ofher ca sewa s communica tedto D r. a bceck, our physic ian, and in a bout two weeksa fterwa rd the doctor a nd the Rev . Messrs . L esl ie a ndWa l ler came down to ma ke us a visi t . We were ha pp

yto ha ve the pri vi lege of spending a few da yswi th them.Findin Mrs . K ene stil l a ble to be removed, the brethren etermined to ta ke her to Vancouver . To th iswe did not object

, a lthough myself and fami ly wers_

teoft a lone, a s Mr . Tibits had just gene tosuppl ies, a ndMr. S mi th had not returned .

A fter making the necessa ry a rra ngements, they tookthe ir lea ve, ta king Mr . K ene a nd family wi th them.

This left no civi l ized ma n nea rer to us tha n A storia ,wh ich wa s six mi les dista nt a cross Youn ’

s B ay, a ndwi th this exception there wa s no other w ite res identon the ri ver unti l we rea ched Vancouver, the distance

m

of one hundred mi les from us Butane“

cons ideredourselves sa fe fwhile under the protection of our‘

hca~vea ly Fa ther. On the following morning Mr. S mithreturned from the Wa lamet. He had obta ined a jbeatfromVa ncouver, a nd, with much difficul ty, had broug

htdown a pa ir of horses wi th which to commence fa rmingon the pla in, a nd we rejoiced very much in the pr

os

pect of being no longer obliged to supply the pl a ce ofa bea st of burden ourselves . Tha t da Mr. S mi th’s

moved into one of our rooms. le'lr. S .then left

the boa t home, a nd bring downhis canoe leadedwitlr previsions, a nd whi le he,

wa s a bsent Mr . Tibitsreturhed ; so we were not long wi thout compa ny .

following extra ct from his journa l wi l l exhibitthe wri ter's feel ings a t tha t timeMy cause is before the L ord, a nd I Would fully

confide _ia his wisdotn

'

and geodness, _

to preserve mea nd mine

, a l though in'

an Indian country surroundedwi th intense mora l da rkness, and to guide us in theway tha t wi l l be a ccepta ble in his si ht . 0 wha tdegrada tion do we wi tness every day ! ha t wretchedness

'

ha ve we seen s ince we ha ve ed in thiswi lderness ! ' I s not the

'

t ime coming'

wi ll bud and blossom ? I s not the day ha stening onwhen the pea ceful reign of the Mess ia h sha ll be esta bilished here, where our fe l low-men a re now u versa llyled capt ive by the devi l a t his wi l l ? O L brd

,

‘ hastento come a nd ta ke possession of the pUrchaseblood !

"

Turn a nd overturn, untif the wickednessthe wicked sha l l come to a n end, a nd wlieri

'

truth'

righteousness sha l l universa l lyMr,

E S mi th removed his fami ly to‘

the'

pla in in thecourse of a week , for the purpose ofplanting some pets.i

toes and some ga rdenrve'

getables ; so tha t ournci hbour

'

consisted of '

Mrif'Tibitsf and a s ho'wea ‘

s'

ba chelor, Mrs . Frost had no fema le a ssocia te'

JWWHileMr.

_

Kene’sfami lywerewi th us, and Messrsi‘S mitlt rindTibits were

'

nea r us, we had quite a'

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o uersssssed squ; o; (I t;sures met; peq lisq; so pa v 1 00508 sq; 30 ssur.t;a ep sq;spurm qmp .rrsq; o; s;earunwu;ea 0; qa rqm Kq a m

a ss‘

;usrarr3ns .rsq;sS o;ru ;r pnn03 0M ;uq‘

rra M

qa a da prnea am surr; srq; Aq qa rqm‘sufiue; umo .i ra q;

urursq; o; trea ds pluem r‘woprss Krsr; snM qa rq

sures suorpur sq; uq pue‘

qrsqqes sq; ue prom sq;qa ssad pros /a I a seq; O

.L'

qsrrfiug pue;s .tspun prnos

;uq; rre s .rsM oqu‘ues sr;;rr.me pus s aw ‘

strqmm 30 .ps;srsuos uer;efisafluea Ki t; meu ;nq spear)

TEN YEARS I N OREG ON .

wh ich were connected by the bel ly, Were placed, . andsma l l sticks pla ced a cross the sides in .a n e positsdirection, tha t i t might not ha ng down or drop 0 whenbecame tender by cooking. The two pa rts of the stickere then tied together Wi th some green was whichould not burn very rea dily ; a nd boing t us secured

in a proper posit ion to receive the hea t on a ll its pa rts,wa s set up before the fire by stickin the sha rp end

in the ground. I n th is way the four se menwere soonh issing a nd smoking, a nd sending forth a most de l ici ous1 me throughout the lodge ; a nd the sla ves and ch i ldren prepa red the entra i ls for ea ting much in the sameweit ile the sa lmon were roa sting, the men rela ted one

of their tradi tions , which wa s of the followin import :A long t ime ago , Ta la pa s,

” tha t is, one of t eir imagina ry de it ies, came th is way

'

from the south, in theform of the l i ttle wolf, a nd made a ll th is la nd fromCape L ookout to Young

’

s B ay and eeplever

tycrmor, and ha vin noth ing to ea t bea r,

a nt eer, a nd wi ld owl, he made the sa lmon ; andwhen the commenced to run up the river, he ma de a

seine, a n pla cing the sna ke on the shore to hold theland line, he went out in the ca noe a nd threw the net.Then coming on shore, he a nd the sna ke drew the netla nd , which centa ii ed a grea t draught of salmon.

He now ordered them to be ta ken to the lodge and la idwi th their heads to thewest unti l towa rd ni ht, when

firewa s pro a red a s above dcscribcd : an '

l‘

a lapuslea rned the ir fa t ;ers how to cut the fish a nd roa st them,

a nd told them tha t for some time they must not ea t onlyin the a fternoon of ea ch da y, a nd tha t if a ny of themshould touch a dea d body, or ea t vermin, unti l thestrawberries began to ripen, the sa lmon would a ll lea vethe ri ver, unless those who had thus defilcd themselvesshould be rohibited from touching a sa lmon for a specified numljcr of days ; and tha t the sameresultswouldfol low if their women, under certa in circumstances,(who were a lso prohibited from enjoying the pri vi leges

res arena s l'

olmtipxr

of their houses, a s i t is their universa l custom on suchocca sions,) should look upon a sa lmon net ; and tha tunti l tha t time a rri ved when the berries bega n to ripen,wh ich is a bout the first of June, the must cook thesa lmon in precisely the same we an none of i t mustbe ta ken out of the led e inwh io i twa s cooked . Buta s soon a s the specific time a rri ved, they were a t l ibert to cook the sa lmon a s they might see proper, andso] them to whom they plea sed .

”

The fa ct tha t the ful ly bel ieve tha t this is a lawimposed upon themby their dei ty; a nd tha t such distressing results would follow, namely, the remova l ofa ll the sa lmon, if th is law should be tra nsgressed , secounts for the most ba rb a rous pra ctice among themof burying their people a l ive a t the commencement ofthe sa lmon soa sen, . an s instance of wh ich ha s beena lready rela ted .

The sa lmon wa s new pronounced wel l done, a nd i twa s ta ken down a nd pla ced in a sha l low trough ma deof ceda r, a nd our pla tes were . fi lled with the choice

pieces, and la ced before us . We now d ivided our

oa t'

of brea among the company, and a ll hands cem;nenced fea stin except the ma nwho prepa red the fishfor re a stin J or

gl'

a lapus had prohibited him from ta st ing“

a morsel or a certa in number of days ; a nd, notwithvstanding th is seemed to be a very self- denyingwork;a s

- they ha d not had good fa a lmon for a grea tmanymoons, our cook submi tted with a ll cheerfulness, .

a ndma de his fea st upon bread a nd wha le grea se, of wh ichthe had had a grea t a bunda nce durin the pa stwinter;The fea st wa s new ended, a nd a s h ere wa s a part

of our sha re left upon our pla tes, wewere told tha t wemight ha ve it and comethe next a fternoon a nd finish i tbut as we thought it would not be convenient for us todoes, the remna nts were d ivided among the-cla nd the pla tes, kni ves, and forks were wa shed,‘nonebf .the

"

sa lmonmight be c a rried out of thedodge;and thenwe Were permi tted to depa rt

' itt peace totou'

r

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TEN YEARS I N OREGON . TEN YI ARB I N OREGONt ion of the school , which bui ld ing wa s then enclosed :a nd Mr. Gra y a nd lad formerly of the miss ion in the,interior, were engager a s tea chers.

On my rett 0 Vancouver I had the plea sure tbe ma de a cqua inted wi th the Rev. Messrs . S mi th andCla rk , a nd la dies , from the interi or. These gentlemenwere very much discouraged in view of the respectsf being useful in Oregon, so much so tha t r. S mi thetermined to lea ve the country, his la dy a lso being incry del ica te hea l th .

Wh i le I rema ined a t the fort I fo'rmed a very pleasantcqua inta nce wi th the Rev. Mr . G rifli n a lso, ofwhom .

mention ha s here tofore been made.

We left Vancouver the next day a ftermy returnfr.

Wa lamet, and proceeded to our sta tion a t Cla tsop ; a ndleftMr. K onc

’s fa mi ly a t the fort, a s Mrs . K onc

’s hea l th

would not yet a dmi t of a removal . We rea ched_our

home on the th ird day a fter we left our k ind friends a tVancouver, a nd found a ll things in pea ce and safety .

During my a bsence from home the V incennes , underthe comma nd of L ient . W i lkes, of the Uni ted S ta tesexploring expedit ion, had a rri ved a t N a squa lly ; -and

‘

a fter a rrangingma tters there, he came a cross the countryto A storia , bei ng a ccompa nied by Mr.Wa ldron, urser

o f the Vinccnnes , a nd a nother gentleman. Mr.Wilkescame over in compa ny wi th Mr. B irnie, and dined wi thus in our log

- ca bin; a fterwh ich we went down to PointAdams, to look out for the Pea cock , a nother vessel ofthe squadron, which had been ordered to the Columbia , _

a nd wh i ch wa s expected before this.

On the 2 sth ofMay I crossed over to Astoria , wheretad the plea sure of an introduction to Mr. Wa ldron,

in whose society I wa s very much interested , a nd wi thwhom I spent most of the day, Mr. Wi lkes a nd the othergentlema n ha ving left Va ncouver. I wi l l a lso ment ion here tha t during my a bsence from home the ba r];Wa ve, Capt . More, from a gla nd , a rrived wi th

for the Hudson B ay Compa ny.

3 0th, sa bba th . Proa ehed from these words,

L et your l ight so sh ine before men that they maysee your good works, and glorify your Fa ther wh ich isin hea ven,

” having my two neighbours, Mr. S mi th andTibits, a nd my fami ly who could understand E ngl ish,for my

- congrega ti on.

On the lst of June Mr. J . L ee,of the mission, a nd la dy, a ndMr.WIcame down toma ke us a visi t . Mr.

the benefi t of the sea a ir, a s his hea l th wa s very feeble.

Mr. K one a nd fami ly a lso returned to their homewi th us ; and a s i t ha d been decided by the superiatendent tha t Mr . K one migh t put up a frame- house forthe more comfortable a ccommoda tion of his fam i ly

,

lumber had been sent down from Vancouver for thepur see, a nd a ca rpenter came from the Wa lamet todo t re work . Thus the rea der ma d iscover tha t wewere once more blessed with a goo sha re of society;but this wa s no rel ief to our la d ies in a tempora l poni tof v iew, a s the household la bour wa s necessa ri ly verymuch increa sed, a nd no help could be obta ined . Our

ladies cons idered i t a grea t priv ilege, however, to wa i tupon company a t a ll tithes, a s fa r a s our means andstrength would permiWe ha ve a lso had a very plea sa nt visit wi th the Rev.

Mr. C la rk a nd la dy, who came down in company wi thMr. K one .

Mr. L ee andmyself spoke to the Ind ians, or a s ma nyof them a s we could preva i l upon to a ssemble for tha tpurpose, who appea red to give some a ttent ion to theword del i vered . But one of the hea d men sa id, whenrequested to a ttend preachin tha t he understood howto stea l , and tha t wa s enoughfor him to know.

I find a n entry in my journa l a t this time which wi l lena ble the reader to enter into the

,wri ter’s v iews and

feel ings when he recorded the same .

“ You robably a sk me, Wa tchman, wha t'

of the

night'

l’ l l is da rk . The_

wretchedness of the hea then‘

is untold . The gospel a nl can amel iora te their -

con

dition. And 0 ! how d i ;cul t to communica te sne'

sssrogj -"W30 one an qqm qoo;

°

spru8uerpul us. .puu

‘sa eM sq; 13s; paq oqm .roges

psruedwosse Buga q‘Jno; snp

'

uo ;no [Butpm.rss 0

°

uo;;dulnsuos umo ms .1 03 suorsga ord S nrsnu

30 jsso and sq; .1 03 sums; ;a srsume pue‘ssn s

,:fpwe3

ms 1 03 3ssq pue .t a ;;uq pue qpux sures sa nq ;qfltutaeq;

‘sssroq pue smus M 03 12 a orq; sa gap ;qfigur

unnsr mo u0 ;eq; pus f [usq; Ensure Bunursds 30 s;- so.;d sq; pue

‘1 s;sereqs .q sq;

‘uorfisr ;eq; a r suegpul

30 .rsqtunu sq; uteussse o; .rspro u;‘zf .t;unos qosur

f owl sq; 30 Ka ra Kq ;sutelsM sq; o; ;{sumof s ps;u[d-u;s;uos sun; sures .1 03 peq ”seri a l pus

'

uospn unarjriq qomqg ;sdossrda ;ue;ss;ord 30 a spires ururours

'

q; 30 Bugpesr sq; .t s;'

3tz‘

qmqqes sq; uo snowy ;e ulsq;o; flurqsusrd 30 usnss spa s sq; peq 3|ss1fuu pueup“ puv

'

sn 0; E u;mung pue s;qs;dssss ifran'

qsnpw‘usuropusfi pue s.i ssu3s sq; u| 0 .13 snspt leuogsssso

qua; psi nome3 sass; 0M Knunos sq; u; psugewsr Asq;9”t ufrwuos sq; u; suonuu ssqo synusgss Burileurpue firs / qr sq; fluids/t ans pssuswutos pue

‘urromv ;u

s.rsnsnb rrsq; (In qoo; uoos msrs pus e.ra smo q ‘

'

sn

psgusdwosse sdros synustss sq; 30 usruspusfi sq; 30om; pue

‘stuoq psurnuu mon em '

lfsrsur Bug/usesrdpus E ngra sp erq .1 03 pog 0; [amusins.rsm pue

‘

qqssqs lm a lo; u; pue

‘Bug-uaou; sq; u; a s “e ssa ls smopunO3 am ;nq tmoq ;oumom; I sures pus ‘

sssr; 30 ssqs- uerq sq; 30 open; sanoqre “ems .t spun sures pus

‘s;us;

me u! sS u-

gfipol _

d a q'

eo; srsswo sq; 30 s a les pue ute;-dus sq; wa s

'

0; pomsr 8M uons srs a uqs slqussrfiuL i saswos pue qorum i s;3e smq e s.rssy30 sq;s ins o; psfleuuut

'

sm ;eq; os‘susrspt ord 30 rflddns poo?

e pue suns; om; qqm snowy iuoa3 umop sums srunq‘awpue

‘

psurn;s .t uoos‘

pusq no sq srn se s;usu1

qsns 1 03 ssnoqsq; 0; psqsm sop pa q 9M qorqm‘soues .rno

-

uor;ssnb sq; 30 ;no [frowns sum sgq; ;uqf s i oqs sq; psqsesx q ; usqm suopupowurosss a lqs- 11 03woswaq; psproy a s aeq ;qfigur em ;eq; osa seq sa eq 0; eu 0; smsesld ;ssafi

'

s a seq sasq pprom.

tnos aus m suva a use.'

NO Q EI I I O N I BUYQ K N a t!

;I”

;n Q 30 [odsofi sq; 30 ssldgsugrd sq; pssnsurdpus s sq; pssssssod sq ;eq; ssnspgns ;nsnbssqnspuq sm uroqm 30 pue

‘M OJO sgqq psui ss;ss qsnurueur- s |;usfi s

‘

3ssssa sq; 30 punt-nurse sq; puqoqm‘uosamea sure” 0 ; pssnporunMON s.rsm a

,“ rs qa sq; 0;Map s an[a s s Krona t fiugrq‘

pslumm q;fius ;e ifsq;‘

un30 [fofsq; o;‘

puu‘s;e0q sq; 30 tumor sq; .to3 Klsno ixue

psnsm usq; pun‘

psqsnd ;us; .lllO psq 0AA‘

usur- s[;us8 .req;s sq; 30 [s.rsa ss pue

‘assmd sq;

‘uspssdg"ll/ll qn/n pswnz nbsn surssoq uoos OAA

“

M 01 0 sq;30 a spunzwsr sq; pue‘.rspuuunuos sq; .1 03 qse sq;0 ; psu.;n;sr puq swoq sq; pue

‘s;uoq s‘dgqs sq; u; OJ OtIS l

Z

sures puq oqu‘Msrs pun s.rsswo sq; 30 ;rud s

o; ri ddeq s.rsm sM o.tq‘Kufl s

prsqug 0 ; psus;suq°

preoq sq; [f t] suoflKlsnnts puq s;suux ;nq‘sun; siq;;u ;q s.rsm qsgqm

‘srsqesrq sq; 30 ;spgu; sq; u;usessq 0; sea; [OS S OA sq; 30 ;qnq sq; : os us a s stun ;3 ;eq;psrsAossrp 0M a .roq ma y; sq; uodn .re3 snofi ;ou- puqam pm:

‘soua s .qlo psfifirr K;s;tnpsurun om erq; uodnusq sss pue of? ;sntu om ;eq; pnu

‘s;seur .rsq ;so;pa q(ltqs sq; ;eq; sur 0; prom ;uss

‘

3sgqs usqml sq;[fep ;xsu 9 ‘hL ussuns ;noqe ;e ssuloq mo 0; psum;- s .r ‘

pgs ou .rsq .rspusr plnos OM se ;nq fusnunnssuorsfiuup ( a s); a a ; sum sqs ;uq; pa lOA'OQ S ”) on; sousqmuror3

‘;usw;tqoddusrq sdeo pspns s ss sAA nteq sq; 30spgs

'

mo s.rsqusrq q;.tou sq; nouns ;[sosssd sq;‘ifsq sq;psqsssr sM srs3sq ;ng

'

swoq snsru pue s.roqs ppmmo0; usmKrwnos .tno OU IOO |0M pue .rsq ;ssut o; [fuq sq;0; umop ;nem pue cones a re psuum-u 3[ss1fut pue a nonaw '

asuooqss "nuts 13‘

qsy-Bayfl. sq; lfq pspusne‘

r'

s a rr sq; 3s rpnow sq; 330 soa'

mes dc .rsq spuu; 3|sos- ssd sq; (my 30 q;uor_

n sq; 3s ;rud .rsuuo3 sq; "Iuna ssrd sq; .103 1q 1 2 3 MN” .

‘

JWu-rssuspgssr .q sq; da usqe; sa er [funny s‘qwoa M

'

JWpue

‘sunf 30 p33 sq; us an ;393fps; pue se aw

“ 3new l l“ 30 sussqsq; s.re pueq ssoqm u;‘

pog q'

um ;usAs sq; 0A80[ pus‘qsa sa

‘

ano tqqnm sussw sq; ssnmm 9M aft ; 0; snug;-uos "gm; sax ;sA'sBugpuumspun qrsp .q sq; o; q;n.t ;

TEN YEARS I N OREGON .

our provis ions a nd tent . We aecom lished th isIt

'

s a rney, mucli ofwhich had never efore betra vellcd

lby a whi te ma n, infourteend ays. We passed

down the coa st to the southwa rd for seven da ys, a ndthen crossed from the coa st to theWa lamet Miss ion inseven days more. Here we a ttended to our bus iness,obta ined a few ca ttle and horses, a nd recrui ted ournumbers by the addition of two men and one India n,a nd set out to retra ce our ste s to C la tsop.

This wefound to be a diffi cul t ta sk ; a t we succeeded in secompl ishing i t infourteen da ys. S o tha t after an a bsenceof thirty- six days, includin the eight

‘ da ys we spent a tWa lamet, e rea ched our Items in sa fety .It had been reported th a t the K ilcmooks were a

numerous tribe of India ns, but they a re l ike the mostof the other numerous tribes” in the country, very“ few a ttd fa r between these were so much so tha t we

a fter pa ssing throu lt their entire countr andseeing a ll their wigwams, t ta t their number wou d notexceed two hundred , men, women, a nd chi ldren.

Theircha ra cter wa s, a s fa r a s we could a scerta in, much thesame in its genera l fea tures a s tha t of their ne ighboursa t the north of them ; a nd their countr wa s perfectlin keeping wi th the chara cter of the in tabitants. Wis

,

saw no la nd , worth mentioning, tlta t wa s fit for cultiva tion, a fter we left Ca pe L ookout a t the southernextremi ty of the Cla tsop

‘

Pla in, utttil we crossed themounta ins, wh i ch run a ra llel the coa st, a ndrea ched the Wa lamet a l ley . whole coa st, a sfa r a s we tra vel led i t, is made up of high rugged capes,which termina te in a very abrupt ma nner amidst the

g bil lows wh ich brea k in thunder tones upon theshore . We were obl iged to cross a ll these capes butone or two, and then ford the rivers, which ta ke theirrise in the wide ra nge ofmounta ins between the oceana nd theWa lamet, a ttd em ty themselves in the Pa cific,except some of them w tero we found Ind ians whoferried us over in their canoes. These va l le 3 ,

throughwhich the ri vers found their way, appea rs to be but

ran r am s m oa eoon.

l ittle more than sufficient] wide to answer the purposeof channels througlt whichthe a ccumula ted wa ters ofthe h igh lands were to find their way to their source.

And none of these r ivers a ppea red to be na viga ble, ora t lea st no v essels could enter them the ocea n, a stlte brea kers were seen to roll it; a cross their entiremonths a t any a te 0 of the t ide.

Ha ving a ccomp ished this cxcecdin ly diflicnlt tour,a nd h a ving obta ined the informa tion or which we hadbeen seekin a nd the means ii i the use of wh ich wemight be ab e to procure, a t lea st, a pa rt of our futuresubs istence, we ha d new a nd more a bundant groundsfor tha nkfulness to our hea venly Fa ther.

The month of October now returned, and i t becamenecessa ry to ma ke a trip to theWa lamet by wa ter, fortlto purpose of securing a store of provisions for thesustenance of our fa tnilies during the rapidly- approa ching ra iny winter. Consequently but a few da ys werespent in getting a l ittle wood, and in a ttendin

gto some

other l i ttle household a ffa irs for the comfort 0 the

il and then I set out aga in it; our canoe with a gang0 Indi ans for theWalamet Mission.

We performed this trip of three hundred and twentymi les in a n Indian ca noe, besides procuringa sufficientstoreof provisions for thewinter, a nd fa rmntg utensi ls,with wh ich to commence o era tions on the pla in a s

soon a s circumsta nces wou d permi t, in twenWone

d a ys . The provis ions, etc. ,we brought to the a la

met Fa l ls, where they were shipped on boa rd of a sa t"

schooner, which wa s bui l t by a fewAmericans, duringthe previous summer, in the Wa lamet R i ver, wi th the

promise tha t the oods should be del ivered a t our s

t ion a t C la tsop. henwe returned I found my fami lin comforta ble hea lth ; but Mrs. K one’s hea l th ha d beefa i l ing s ince their return from Vancouver, a nd i t becameevident tha t her si tua t ion wa s such a s to require a

course of trea tment suclt a s could not be obta ined inthis country .

The Rev. A . B . S mi th a nd lady, of whom mention

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TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .

“ S ti l l I bel ieve, ifthe proper means can be broughtto bea r ups tt tltem, a t lea st some of these forl orn creatures may be benefi ted both for time and eterni tyAnd wi l l not the L ord a nd the chttrch susta in thosewho cont inue itt tlte fi eld , a nd la bour to a ccompl ish thisbest of objects ?

A t a ll events I a tn not yet sa tisfied tha t‘the L ord

ha s nothing more for me to do in th is la nd ofda rkness .

’

When I am ful ly sa tisfied of th is, or tha t, in conse

of a broken consti tut ion, I may be disqua l ifi ed

performa nce of the work a ssigned tne, I wi l la sk immedia tely to be removed to a nother field of

la bour.

”

We were now completely isola ted from civ il ized society, sa ve th a t of our own household . We ha ve buttwo wh i te neighbours, they a re seven mi lesus— one on the Cla tsop Pla in, and the other a t Astoria ,a cross Young

’s B ay ; and during the storms,which a re

now a lmost incessa nt, this bay cannot be crossed in a

ca noe wi thout enda ngering l ife .

December 2 eth . S ince the lst of N ovember weha ve had but very fe days wi thout ra in, a nd to-day i tl itera l ly ours down. I ha ve tltought much of la te ofthe privi eges of my brethren in my na tive l a nd , and

especia l ly ofmy brethren in the ministry, with whom Iha ve tra vel led a nd la boured . How refreshing i twouldbe to the spiri t to enjoy an interviewwith them But

the same L ord who guides them in their labours of loveis here, a nd the same S piri t which leads them into theway of truth a nd pea ce ishovcring over tts in th is drea ryregion, and replenishes our hea rts wi th da i l showersof pea ce and mercy ; a nd if i t is the wi l l 0 the L ord

tha t we should rema in here during the tertn of our

na tura l l i ves, we hope a t a ll times to be a ble to say,'I‘hy wi l l be done and ifwe could see theway opened ,and spiritua l good being effected among these wretchedhea then through our instrumenta l i ty , tha t we wouldra ther be here in this lonely situa tion, surrounded withdensemora l da rkness, than in the city full ,where a ll the

Ten i ts/ms in sea son.

comforts and conveniences of l ife a re to be enjoyed withrela ti ves and friends . And wi l l not God extend theha nd of mercy to these hea then through us a s instruments ? Or a re they destined to fa de awa y, a nd neverbe benefited by the gospel of eace ? It certa inly appea rs tha t if they a re not ca l ig i tened soon, they never

”ll be ; for in a few yea rs there wi l l be none of tl

e

" Februa ry 2 d, 1 84 2 . The Indians a re a t th is timecomingup from the south end of thepl a in; and a l thoughthere wa s a n a bunda nce of sa lmon la st fa l l, they a re

now entirely desti tute offood, except such roots a s theycanprocure from day to day. Thewha lewhich usua l lydrifts a shore, and furnishes themwith food which theyare very fond of, ha s been very sca rce during thewinter,a s but a pa rt of one came a shore. There a re a bunda nce of elk on the mounta ins, but they a re too la zyto hunt only when hunger drives them to i t . Theyha ve of la te ma nifested a dispos it ion to stea l more tha nformerly a nd they look upon a white man a s a beinga l together d ifferent from themsel ves, a nd a ll they expectby his being amen them is tempora l bane t

, a nd theman tha t benefits firem most in this way ha s the ‘ besthea rt.

’

I am qui te confident, from allthe observa tions whichI have been ena bled

'to ma ke rela tive to theirmora l a nd

hysica l conditi on, tha t there never wi l l be anythinghe apermanent Christianchurch ra ised up from among

rem.

“ Their l anguage is so defect ive, tha t therebyi t is impossible to a cqua int them wi th the true na t

of law; a nd unti l they are brought to feel tha t theycondemned in consequence of ha v ing trans ressed thelaw ofGod , how can they be ma de to feel h e needChrist, who ha th redeemed us from the curse of thelaw, beingma de a curse for us?

’ Are they thenwi thlaw? No ,

‘the a re a lawunto themselves and

tha t lawwh ich the S pi ri t h a th wri ttenupon their heartsha s been

'

very nea rly obl i tera ted by a persevering coritinuance in the pra ctice of a ll manner of vice from

p ulsarsrq .loj U ltll paploos pue ofipol srq ow! a ddersI “use 0; flappewos m Burn

-

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a srq liq

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p puooes pue a ny out1 03 -euros pedcpnl pue

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Jo eonepun e a s a fter] plnoqs Klaus} sit; pun a ll‘

poomeuros da to Koq fut tha t] pluem a t” ; turnp10 )-uyuOllt qfinort l paucddns A'

lreou pen1 figure;‘

tuimn‘L‘JnequgenneipnI Kwuodnpanes I OS

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uuemweer a rp door; 0 1 a oua {any 108 01 foq ropes ifua JO}unowgp euzeooq 3! pun‘

pa nsuo mon u uoi s mous V'

inem ;ouplnoqs 9M utefie sumo uowles elp uaqm ourpernssnKant pue fqonur [fl ea rue: Kw mm01 waq; pasueo pue‘

pooS .fma ea rl .rreqr spea rpins Ka lli ‘rf t etuqed Jo is ;on; songs ( up Krone a tom30mam a s pa; finga eq

o; nongpma y 0; a a up we.“ [fume] qoeo aw? pue

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am pameue] uoos Ka i” ,fi tntpawosoa eq ppioqs Kernpue

‘osnoq Km 03 ewes orwornplotI a ns 0; flintpeulos pa iuan pue

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lfiutpeeoxaexam Kelp mq fa lqrg or" pus‘

pog pue‘sueoq nor

anoqe ureqr o; pa ruci pue ‘safipol netpa l out pa igsyr I'

pa ua do ueeq pa q uea eoq Jo amopa ya em3! se puaosa poi onugiuoo pm, a re; a rp our!) app 01 dfi‘

fl qoasw“ i i tunwwoo uensrrqo nJO $980e n am"a pa s 'rfta toosJO steams sqr“a “W“ pessolq em oum sofieunud .rreqra nter iepnn osorn op mon 50

°8uitpoum oan ppompez rlga ro Oll’i a r a sorp qa rq/a 30 (1900l ssed o; samnoyj lp seq a ll [f laring j pefietn'

oa sgp qonur their unqpuno;pue “1!"c s ip ueda ‘lllu'S armpa tisrA "ll‘J qot ew'

uosa es Ka re: a rpwawa euaurwoo our oougs leoue nag/i u! Bugsemouga seqpeqfi-espa sgp sit“,

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suottoa ep [glue] mo 01 puane OI

Monauo in . sa va a use ’

NODEHI O N I BUYE R N SI J .

z lnewtp ettnb sear 1 ! ternes‘sgttqeumq am30 tleenu

a rena s u 1 a punBugmoqel a unt sup n:

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etp se uoos st: s ine;” U! .rreqr perfonsa p Kelp

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pes pue .100(l sKumle sue

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pue elqnon i leum ;o S OAl'

a S lllOlll a a aua t nlfiiursome a t

“a mya ra tu

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uieqi pesuqe a sim etpo

pue waq pun‘Kz nlmau

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rpeuue‘A

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i fiue a tom Kelp‘ia a 0 1

81001 on pue a ny on puno; pnu‘Ki fiunq pue Kl ee .“ am

a utue spuuqsuq .I la ll’

] uetpa wi lt os nae/a aga in$q“1011 paws/ra i d a t om Kelp uerpliqe Knew puqKa inJ!fua iuoa t a ll; uodn “a; “e Krafipmp Oll]

‘sa .te[s ou puq

pun‘J OOCl [f i es uoeaq puqKelp su inui pies OIIS

‘siuej ut

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‘fiugauan.“‘iua sa td Help

uos am“ .ra q‘sgqi [( qM uosea r a rp pue {sup 0 ! sno t/t

- a .td S luej lll .i eq perfonsep pen oqs imp'

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S JWplotuewom S illtL oi pa sn am tuorpu

‘nos Olllll .teq

tpm a a neq .t i n pause oqm llBU IO M netpa l ue (NMup one uounsra a ube upnq isord

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[fi lgnfi'

ueeq onei l Ka insepieiiunpnrfnnut Ol|l antler “gm

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spiqi oyKenegla p rnq‘eseinuni“ sa na es

pguoq N ow 01 12

191 plnoe 0M “

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panraqut puq Ka lli a sua sip JO a euonba suee u!‘

peudxe Kelp a aoyeq rlogieuj a atnd JO sa ssent reap ed a re,“qarq/u

‘sins ap punter; pegp imp a so rp JO puerres rues

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rfe'

uaj ugJO umnp asa ilt ue a rp u! S J‘

J I I‘WU I .i ia qi Kq

perfonsa p OJ OM lleiqm .reqwnu e sa pisaq‘mqtua a oN

1 891 songs‘

poorpnoqqfi ia u .mo JO suegpuI a rp fluoum‘afipawouilm o 01

‘ll.q ore/ a ta rp s a lami .10 not 10 mo

S upt " men a re ua rpnqe om 1nq wugg Kma rqad“

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lfi lM a ll; 30 the can turna soruuodn pue

‘

iueaoufitoqi uodn uo isseduioe OA'

GI I nee

or|M‘

pog lup era ul e JO spuuq ama t‘uortrpuoe .rreqr

a tmotleme 01 [W] strays .lno J!‘wa qi puno; 0 1 a a .ta lpa

we 1 oa ea lmm a ;uouenusep a lqegpama uroi J OAOpen tsuoe aq uaqt sumsum '

uouera ua fi o i uorimouefl

TEN YEAR S I N ORE GON .

tude, and a sked him if we'

were not ra ther the sla ves ?I had furnished him wi th the boa rds tha t ha d ma de a

comforta ble roof over their hea ds during the winter ;a nd Mrs . F . had ca rried them food from our ta ble everyda y. O sa id he, wh a t of the boa rds ? Wha tdo I do with them ? The

psimply lie up there i

". I

then promised him tha t if re would not work he mightsta rve ; but my fami ly would not see them suffer : so

awint managed to get something to ea t wi thoutbecoming a sla ve. Besides being pestered for food , Iam a lmost da i ly ca l led upon by some of them for med icine, which I em not forwa rd to dea l out ;so extremely supersti tious, tha t if one ofdie a fter ta kin medicine, they would be a lmost sure toa ttribute the disa th to those who ga ve the medicine, ifthey did not want to be pa id for ta king i t if i t curedthem : a s did an old Chenook squaw who went to Mr.

B irnie with the fever a nd ague, a nd begged for somemed icine . Her request wa s gra nted ; a nd a fter sherecovered from her sickness, shewent to B . aga in,a nd sa id , S eein I ha ve ta ken a grea t I of your

medicine, perhaps you wi l l now ive me some tea ,suga r, a nd someth ing good to ea t Of course thela dy’s sui t wa s not rejected , a s my friend B irnie

wa s a most l ibera l soul .On the 2 d of A )l

' ll I recei ved a letter from the su

perintendent, wh ichbrought the and intel l igence of the

dea th of his excel lent wife, the pa rticula rs of wh ichha ve a lrea d been gi ven received a letter a lso fromMr. K one y an American vessel , by which I lea rnedtha t he expected to sa i l for the Uni ted S ta tes the l st ofthis month . This vessel came for the a rpese of trade.

I boa rded her in B a ker’s B ay, where?met wi th Mr.

B irnie, who had reached the vessel before me ;_

and a s

e ca rgo wa s a rdent spiri ts, we obta ined athe ca ta in and his first ma te to the effect

uor shou (1 be sold or iven to the na tives, inv iew a fa ct tha t if they shou (I become intoxica ted,bloodshed and murder would ensue ; and in v iew of

TEN YEARS IN OREGON .

th is pledge hewas famished with a _house inmy imme

d ia te neighbourhood , in .which to tra de wi th the Ina ns for sa lmon. During the day the vessel came to

a nchor in the ri ver opposite to my house . S ome ba rrels and goods were la nded , a nd a man left to trade .

My sa i lor boy entered on boa rd of th is vessel ,his Ind ia n wi fe wi th us, who by this time had becomequi te a help to Mrs . Frost .On the l0th, another America n vessel crossed the

ba r, whichproved to be the brig Chenamus, C a pta iC ouch , from Newburyport, Ma ss. On the 2 2 d ofApri l I received a letter from home, wh ich brought usthe first intel l igence from my fa ther

’s fami l since we

b id them a dieu in the a utumn of 1 839; a n th is letterinformed us tha t

_

one of my brothers, whom Ihea l th, had been ca l led to lea ve his wife a nd l i ttle children, a nd appea r before his gra cious Judge . A nda bout th is time I recei ved severa l letters from my oldfriends in the S ta tes . These were to us l ike coldwa terto a th irsty soul .May 2 8th. Crime of every kind preva ils among

the hea then. This, however, 18 not so sur ris ing, a s

they ha ve no knowled e of God or of his aws, com

pa ra tively speaking. Ilut wha t sha l l we say of thosewho come here from the civiliz c world, who wereproba bly born of Christia n pa rents, a nd a s soon aset the ir feet upon th is da rk shore, they lie downthe. a bomina tions of the hea then And, whi le we a re

endea vouring to tea ch the hea then the law of God , howit mortifies us a nd puts us to the blush, when men, ourown countrymen, comin

‘

even the la nd of our

pi lgrim fa thers,

" tel l t e India ns tha t “ there is no

God ,’a nd tha t a ll the missi ona ries tell them about

such things a re l ies a nd then comm it such a cts oflicent iousness a s to cause . the Indians to say,nesilt a shame,

” tha t is, We a re grea t a shamed .' And,

a fter ta llt in of such acts, they h a ve often sa id to me,Hia s ei oclt mika tila cum t ha t is, ;Xena

people 0 very bad, friend . Wel l, who'

could deny i t,

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .

sta te ; but ra ther tha t the church a s a body, and a llthose who a re wi thout her pa le, should be equa llyunder the restriction of wholesome civil laws, foundedt ipon roper principles .

An in v iew ofwha t ha s just been sta ted wi th reference to the evi l a nd destructive influence which is bein

g.

exerted in hea then lands by the va st numbers of decideopposers of God and rel igion, who enter the da rk port ions of our ea rth from yea r to year, and from a lmostevery point of the compa ss, should not the church rcdouble her exertions to Christ ia nize the civi l ized port ions oftheworld ? Thenwhen th is is a ccompl ished , ourla ndsmen a nd seamen, whenentering the hea thenworld ,would ha i l the missiona ry a s their brother a nd

a nd would hold up his h a nds, a nd cheer him on‘

in hisself- denying la bours ; nay, the would then be missiona ries themsel ves; a nd would ay s ide a nd shoulder tothe gospel ch a riot wheel , a nd the tide ofmore would,through such combined efforts, soon deluge t ie wholeea rth ; a nd He, whose ri ht it is to reign, would soonswa y his sceptre over h e whole mora l world ; a nd

ever knee would be seen to bow, and every tonguewou d be hea rd to confess tha t Jesus is L ord, to thegl ory ofGod the Fa ther.But those who a re ready to chant the gl ories of theirima gina rymi llennia l morn, and otherswho a re a nxiouslywa it ing to

'

oin the gra nd choir tha t sha l l a ttend theMessia h a t llS second a dvent, may a s we l l hang theirha rps upon the wi l lows, so long a s the devil sends tenof his missiona ries to the hea then world , wh ile the

church sends but one in the name of the L ord . Andth is sta te of th ings wil l never be ma teria ll changed, solong a s the majorit of the wa nderin li

l

mdsmen andseamenwho go fort 1 from the bosom o civ il ized societya re led captive by the dev i l a t his wi l l .And now, in the further considera ti on of these over

whelming fa cts, wha t course sha l l the ministers of theProtestant church pursue? S ha l l spend the ir rema ining menta l a nd phys ica l ntren in la shing ea ch

TE N r ams m oneoouz

other, because of a fewunimportant, not to se unmeaning, tenets wh ich the different branches o the va stfam i ly a dhe to

'

l wh ich grea t fami ly is in possess iona lone, a s a n instrument in the hands of the grea t Hea dof the church , of tha t power , in the proper empl oymentof which in a united ca a city, the glori ous daymightsoon be ushered in, w ten tha t porti on of our ea rthwhich is now c ivil ized would be universa l ly subjuga tedto the rci n of the Prince of pea ce a nd when from th isrenova te portion of our globe such a n influence wouldburst forth , l ike the flames from Nebuchadnezza r

’s

na ce, a nd sprea d over and penetra te the ha bita t ioncruel ty , tha t the south would soon give up a nd the

north would not hold back ; a nd where new is hea rdna ught but the wa i l of we, songs of pra ise and holytriumph would

‘be the burden of every breeze; and the

echo of ever ri l l a nd da le .

0 when s tel l i t once be when the wa tchmen on the

wa l ls of Z ion sha l l see eye to eye, a nd when a ll God’s

people sha l l unite hea rt a nd ha nd , in c a rr ing forwa rd

the v ictories of the cross ? May the L or ha sten i t inhis own good ti

Juue 1 6. I ha ve just recei ved intel l igence tha t theIndia ns a bout two mi les from me ha ve th is morninburied a nother of their men a l i ve .

" I a fterwa rdj a lketo them on the subject, when they a cknowledged the

but sa id tha t he Wa s celtis mischemus,” tha t is,

nothing but a sla ve ! And when a sked whether a sla vea horse or a n elk; tha t, ca used them to trea t him

l ike a dumb bea st and not l ike a man ? they a nswered,ake a lricks , cul tus elia ty,

” tha t is, No, friend , noth in

but a sl a ve . But then their sla ves a re not a lone trea tedin th is ma nner, for when another instance of this kind,which I ha ve mentioned, took pla ce, i t wa s a ma n tha tsh a red the same fa te.

On the 1 7 th of June the Rev . J . L ee, the superin

tendent of the missi on, a nd Mr . Aberna thy and Pa rrisha nd famil ies, ma de me a v isi t . Their

'

arriva lwas ha i lewith much joyon our pa rt,

a s Mrs. F. had not been1 4

im

‘ ddflll'

li t er oq pjnoqs I'

uonq s li ltwe3 30 eeueubss-uoo ui qenwpa sauns pa q aq

‘siqi sa piseq

‘

pna a sse

eqi 30 sta te one; oqmseln paeutauoe li |n|3 we I an” ,

wi nunoe sq; in eeuenunuoe .i a fiuq S l‘i queue/n ton

p'

jnom sungpul eqt Buowe sseuln3esn 30 s teedsord eqtta qi pagsnus euioeaq poq .roieop O‘IJ .

“

sa ints panuflout 01 afinssed neqet puq lioqt qorqm 30 pi eoq uo pue‘nnoi sv in Ba rri ; sum qenpn

‘suwnue eqi 30 pmoq

no s.rem set e3 osoqm‘

qwoeo nrwpue ‘

puowqemme I oqt

‘

pllOtJj pa in pnuPl° li w wo.|3 nsyr a qnm

pagner li lqfi iq a t e/u 0M Joqtuotdeg 30 18 ! a qi no°

uosees

linger txou eqi S unnp Butte/too mo .ro3 selfiugqs Btnqeut

peenawwoo'

elw pue i tsnfinv 30 rpm on; no pa ieey aseer [m ower an“ ,

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a snoq .tno da 1nd 01 renta ls ,“eqi won a uroe p|noqs .reiua dme pesiwmd m e uq1sisss o; rods eqi no tqfinn am rnqt J OpJ O ut

‘uund

eqi o i OlioulOJ osle plnoqs ti liuin3 li w pepieap sum 33pa a ower sum .requinj sup .toijv ni pa uuo3 se qrom ora jqe ton sea t I

‘ueqorq (3831: "out ueeq puq nonmnsuoe

li w se 1nq‘a eneisgsse ewes wa qi .repner 01 one seM

I' linna ea eqt u etniredop siq oi suornord ano

garm.re3 a aneq e .l o3 power; ti nt ed ueeq poq (IONM ninpeqt oi .ra qq a qt pa xower qums pue pnowli eH

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tw“ S ILL

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ewes em30 no i ssossod qoo; li lgwa3 spa'

JWnoqi pa n 5urqee [einfino .tno tn eqi 1no paqsi tn30M spmoq eseqt a

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two pue es.roq 11 mon puq9M so‘a see a anemdwoe qum ouop sem Ilt M ‘uiel

aqi oi spreoq a utos umop qooi a ould my 0 13] n! 9M.

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tneld a qt uodn so! twej om m o 30 uonepowwoeeeeqt .re3 a aneq u a re a i d 0 1 Kleierpewunmom or res emina pnetutrodns out 39 .snonpenp eqi orfiniproeee P“V

°8nnds txeumun a jqe3m3woo e or pedoqem ‘

lis /n .ropnn paq pnowi eu aw un i ilddns eqt

a‘ra qi 09 fpa i sne |xa .iuoqla ewoeaq [twe3 s‘enex

arm 0 anmeda p eqi 0 eouonbesuoe u;-‘iou paq uutnt

-no ugpeootd eqi finp np w a re peq I zeqi a rms 9qb ands txeu a qi 1 0130 suoisni oa mo 30 wow sqr ears:or em eq 0; pa doq em s.raqm.

‘uund eqi uodn pesnoq

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uooa uo m suva a'

na r.'

NODEI IIO N I S'w ilA "a do

lifqu31 03utoo oq plnoo omo.t03oq enop eq rsnut qentn rnqt li nunoo eqr tnanunuoe pluoqs emenqm euole lilenruo

rj a | a q crew on plnoqs em reqi a lqa td mou sum'

rewtnnM eqr 1 a .llloqnl 3o oeejd .n aqr 1 03 a n rj a l li npue A

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qreureqv‘

JWq z eqrno pa n 5tntqd dosrnlouo suotrtuedo Burning sqr30 eiimqe anerorruepttern- os eqr li q pertnodde ueeq fi innen

‘ttmop eutee li n

stq pnu pnout li err°

.tmqigg oqi no pun freutelaMwon poutnra t li qra ntoqv umlimp 30 qrg t eqr no

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sreli etd pun semi“ 30 pa ina tnureqr nea t?seltn.na qr puq peq oqm es0 i|r 3o ssenpenetm a qr .tOAO

t|set3nmenor s.rna r .tno pnu‘liof 30 due .tno ortn .ta rue

or ssont a rnq 30 8e e posnee noneesnetr a a oqu GILL

i-

ta t ees stq ortnnoqr rouowoe ‘

ptos i nt 0‘

pJ O'

I ent or fi tnut n-

r li t tea qoeueruodor li leunrli qmomeqrsue /to eq ssolun

‘flt-

|uos eq "gm snusot fi tnpa a eeus oqr pun"euo map

n on "gm snnds rna pt e 30 .topna a oqr 30 rnnoeoe a qrli la t ng ;rqfinmp enoqoele rent 30 oenetqrtn eqrnfiuorqrpeqs sum reqr poem0 1 03

‘oa t fiep rear? e a t rseelre

‘a lqtsnodsa t a q “gm oqm nse I rnq

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jertout 0A0.l(.l rettpip .tne3 oseqr 30 spttnom a qr

— ‘

peoq eqr 30 qouq eqtt n.ta qro oqr pue

‘.topptoqs ent inone

‘

papttnom a

eutom 1 0 t| |0 omrpnu t enfinor t en30 rand ume fi tnrrne

"new 011! a orqr rons sem nsutem a no pue fej gnne

qnm soet qd a lu3 inpanna re sum .ronrone pue fpmmranea li a p omr tnqrtm [to.ndxo onra t 1 es roneam u qnm

qfinonlrroqs semnegptq one innt o.t03a q pne fsnpnuot esofieltes oqr 30 rseetq eqr tn nnds li ra r-poolq eqr

30 rnawenoxe ue sum eena uba suoo a qi pue f li mnuoe

pnr or etew srq pue tnurdsa oqr 30 efipold eqi fi tnpners-qnmrou

‘sa lura n eqt fiuowe rno rleep sum .t oubq srqr30

rted v olrrn omr .toq pue li qra nt aqv s umrdeexe en t3e[ spit “it reqr li a p eqr no

‘sa zmg

a t” wo lf emula t e ssolqrt om e i n erinda rtta ptn a utosumop rues

‘ttouqes Btnpntr 30 a sodtnd eqr .t03 our men

esnone pouterqo penoqm uterdee una tta utv'

sqruout llOAOS ueqr.rerreq .to3 serptq t he 30 one 30 li reja os sqrqnm parnomn

TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .

to ha ve recourse to his journa l , so tha t I migh t ha vethe plea sure of 1 ng before our rea ders some of thescenes through is pa ssed wh ile N a squa lly,where I left him, just ta king possessi on of the

post

a ss igned him, in the summer of 1 840; but th is priv i egois denied me in consequence of the distancewhich nowsepa ra tes us . Mr.Wh itcomb’s consti tutionwa s entirelybroken down, so tha t i t wa s a ma tter of doubt whetherhe would l ive to rea ch home. B the la st-named gentlcma n We lea rned tha t i t wa s a incoi certa in tha t weould get no ca r enter from theWa lamet to a ssist usout bui ld ing, a though there were but two monthstween tha t time a nd the ra iny sea son.

This intel l igence wa s a ltogether unexpected,'

a s wehad been ex help everyday ; but ifwe were tha ve no hel a mecha nic , there wa s certa inly not ime to be sufl

‘

crcd to pa ss unimproved . S

we set to work wi th wha t tools we had in possession,a nd wi th wh a t help we could obta in from our neighbours ; a nd their number ha d been increa sed , for Mr.'

I‘

ihits had returned from Ca l iforni a , where he had beenon a tour wi th a

pa rt of the expl ori ng expedition, who

had gone a c s t to a nd to tha t country . And Mr . T.

brought a young man wi th him, by the name of

B ra ina rd , who had a ssisted him in driv ing some ca ttlethrough from Ca l iforni a to the Wa lamet, a ndthence to the Cla tsop Pla in. And a l though none of usunderstood house bui ld ing, yet by persevera nce a nd

ha rd la bour we succeeded in ctting our frame up, andour roo tn finished off in a ste pecul ia r to oursel ves,a nd the si ze of fi fteen

_

feet by seventeen, so tha t Imoved into i t on the 6lb of October.I should ha ve sta ted tha t the Rev. D . L esl ie a nd

his two d a ughters, and D r. B a i ly wi th his fami ly,ha d a lso taken pa

'

ssa c on boa rd of the Chenamus,which sa i led for the S a ndwi ch Islands in a few

a fter the a bove visi t fretn Messrs . R ichmondWh itcomb .

On the loth I received a letter from my brother who

r a n YEAR S tit ens-eon.

resides in Itha ca , N . Y . , wh ich came a cross the menuta ins in the ca re ofDr. E . Wh ite . By th is we lea rnedtha t our pa rents were l iv ing, a nd tha t the fami ly wa s inusua l hea lth .M own hea l th had now become so much impa iredtha t wa s obl iged to desist entirely from la bour ; thebronch itis, wi th which I had been a fflicted for the pa st

yea r, became much more severe, and my spinea nd l i ver to be much a ffected , so tha t there wa s con

tinual pa in in my side and ba ck , a nd my nervous system became entirely dera nged .

Mr. R aymond succeeded in finishing a room the

s ize of the one I occupied, a nd took possession of i t , sotha t we were a ble to keep ourselves dry and tolerawa rm.

I rea ched in E n l ish to those who could understa ndme or a few sa bba t is, but wa s obl iged to desist .December now a rri ved ; but tlns ra iny sea son so

fa r wa s much mi lder tha n the preceding, a s we werefa voured with many sunny da ys, which ere very

plea sant . My throa t now become so bad, a nd the pa in

in my side increa sed to tha t degree tha t I determinedto go in pursui t of medica l a id. I left home wi th myfami ly on the l 1 th of December, a nd crossed over toA storia and ith Mr. B irnieHere I left ut wi th myVa ncouver, g da a s we were a s

cending the ri ver, havin Mount S t . clcn in ful l v iew,

we discovered a va st co umn of smoke a scending fromthe north-west s ide of the mount nea r its top, wh ich

proved to be a volcanic eru tion, which ha s beenmentioned a lready by my wort iy a ssocia te . I a sked myIndia ns,Wha t is tha t ? They looked towa rd themea nta in, a nd repl ied ,

“ What is tha t'l” I sa id , Perhaps i t

is fire ? They answered , Perhaps i t is fire.

” S eeingtha t I wa s not l ikely to make much headway by reasoning wi th them a fter th is sort , I

'

inquired if the had

ever seen anyth ing l ike i t before ? They sa t theyhad not ; but they had hea rd their old people say,

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TEN YE ARS I N OREGON .

hea l th , I determined to rema in, and if our suff‘

erin s

were to continue we would suffer together, and in t em idst of our compl ica ted d iffi cul ties we had a bundantrea sons for da i ly express ions ofgra ti tude to our merci1 Fa ther itt hea ven.

left for theWa lamet: on the l0th, a s

very plea sant, for the purpose of get

ting some sup l ies, and some of his goods, a nd somefa rming

'

utensi s , a nd returned on the 1 4 th of Feb

rua ry, I II the evening; bringing the hea rt- rending intelli

gence of a most awful d isa ster which took pla ce on his

returnfrom theWa lametMission to theWa lamet Fa l ls .

The ca noe conta ining his goods, a ndMr. Crocker, fromthe sta te of New-York , a gentlema t mucl i respected ,a nd Mr. Rogers , son- ih - law to the Rev.

,

D . L esl ie, (1young ma n of excel lent Christ ia n cha ra cter, and of

much promise, a nd his wife, oldest da ughter of Mr.L esl ie , a young lady much bel oved by a llwho knewher because of her amia ble disposition a nd Christiandeportment, a nd her younges t s ister, a chi ld , a nd twoIndia ns, were a ll swept over the fa l ls, a nd in th is awfulma nner were six souls ushered into the presence of

their God , wi th sca reel a moment’s wa rning. Mr.

ymond a nd Doctor hite had but just stepped out

the ca noe, a nd were ma king a rra ngements for theothers to do so , when the canoe took a shea r, a nd wa sca ugh t by the ra pid whirl ing current, a nd wa s ca rrieddown wi thout a poss ibil i ty of being stopped . I ca nnotdwel l upon this awful event ; for whenever I ca ll i t tomind , a n incxpressible feel ing comes over me, l ike untoth a t which seized my sha ttered nerves when the intelligence fi rst rea ched me .

DoctorWhite came down wi th Mr. Raymond , and Iwa s gl a d to a va i l myself of his help in my suffer

sta te . He saw proper to opera te upon my throa tcutting off the pa la te . This promised tempora ry relbut the inflamma tion ilad become so thoroughly sea ted ,th a t an immedia te cure could not be expected .

t I Ie

a lso a dministered to our other d ifficul ties, and rema in

r su i tem s in oned ort .

ed wi th us unti l the 2 7th, when he left for Vancouver.

By him I sent letters to the superintendent requestinmy discha rge, a s I wa s now sa tisfied th a t my hea lt twa s such tha t there wa s no prospect of mybeing a bleto render a ny more effi cient serv ice to the miss ion, andtha t a change of cl ima te wa s necessa ry in order to myrecovery .

Ma rch 1 9. We ha ve had most del ightful wea thers ince the 1 7 th. I never saw anyth ing to exceed i t inthe month of May the Uni ted S ta tes . N o ma teria lchange in our hea 1 . My pa l a te shorter, but throa tver much inflamed, and severe pa in in the s ide a ndba c Mr. Raymond getting out fencing stuff, a ndma king prepa ra tions for fa rming. S ome mi lk a nd butterfrom our cows, the frui t of our former toil . Recei veda letter from the superintendent , conta iningmydismissa lfrom the miss ion, a nd commenced ma king prepa ra tionsfor my depa rture from the country .

”

Mr. Tibits bui l t a cabin on the la in, and commencedons for fa rmin Mr .

‘

mi th put up anotherhich made rim a more comforta ble home .

the winter and sprin pa ssed . away, andon the 1 f May Mr. R aymondplanted a field of

pota toes nd some ga rden vegeta bles, and Mr. S mithgot in, tn a ddi tion to pota toes a nd ve eta bles, somewhea t a nd ba rle oa ts a nd pea s ; a nd r. Tibits didthe same. S o t ta t our l i ttle communit bega n to present the a ppea ra nce of civil iza tion. gonsrdering the

very emba rra ssed circumstances under wh ich we ha dlaboured , i t wa s a cknowledged 1) those who visi ted ustha t a grea t .cha nge had been 0 ccted in this vicini ty,wh ich wa s, but a bout two a nd a ha lf yea rs prev ious toth is, in a n ent irely wi ld sta te, when Messrs . S mi th,K one, a nd myse f entered i t with our provisions a nd aw tools on our ba cks,

'

with wh ich to commence opera tions.

On the 8th of. Apri l I left C l a tsop for theW'

alametv ia Vancouver. A ttended our a nnua l tneetin a t theWa lamet Fa l ls, where the Rev. A . F . Wa l ler a s been

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TEN YEARS IN OREGON .

ing, often told me th a t the mora l cha ra cter of the Indianso f tha t v ic ini ty wa s evidently improved . And besidesth is, i t wa s no sma ll consola tion to the wri ter, a nd he

th inks i t wi ll be the same to the Christian reader, toknow th a t throu h the exertions o f the church , thegospel sta nda rd ra s been rea red on the shore of the

P a cific, a round wh ich a civi l i zed, and, in a rt a t lea st,a Christia n communi ty is ra il ing, and will in a ll ro

habil i ty continue to ra l ly unti the consumma t ion 0 a ll

th ings, when Ga briel’

s trtrrnp sha l l summon the na tionsof the ea rth to co tne forth a nd receive their fina l dest ina tion. And the wri ter does not in the lea st regret tha the emba rked itr tha t enter rise, a lthough he now re

turns to his na tive l a nd wit 1 but l i ttle hope of enjoyinggood hea lth aga in in th is l ife ; he only regrets tha t circumsta nces were such tha t he wa s ena bled to a ecom

the adva ncement of the Redeemer’s

steady breezea nd on the 2 6th dropped a nchor in the ha rbour ofFra ncisco, on the coa st of Ca l iforni a . This is a n ex

tensive bay, a nd a most splendid ha rbour, and the surroundin conrrtry is wel l ad to gra zing, a nd nruchof i t to t re growmg ofwlrea other gra ins ; but thecountry wi l l never resper they ha ve a very different government rent the a t. On the a fternoonf the 2 9th ler’s B ay, a nd took insupply of wa ter ; a nd on the 30th we set sa i l, a ndefore sunset we lost sight ofz the coa st .A t Ca l ifornia we took three more pa ssengers on

boa rd . The onewa s a n elderly gentlema n, a descenda ntof the Finlandish nobi l i ty, a gentlema n of a dmira bleqtta lities a trd of extensive resea rch, wel l ua lified ivery sense to render society a reeable a nd ra pp an

a bove a llhe wa s a Chr istia n.

'Fhe other two gentlemewere formerly from the S ta tes ; they were enterprisin

you g men, a nd very agreeable in theirmanners Witthis a ccession to our society, and the veryk ind a nd

TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .

gentlemanly trea tment which we recei ved from Capt .owler a nd his officers, our passage to the island of

Oa hu wa s rendered very agreea ble . My hea l th wa ssuch tha t I wa s a ble to del iver one short d iscourse on

this pa ssage : on the other sa bba th Mr. L ee oflicia ted.

We a rrived a t the ha rbour of Honolulu, Oa hu, on thel6th of S e tember, a nd obta ined boa rd for our fami l iesa t the res i ence ofMr. J ohn Colcord , a Christia n brother. We were very happy to meet wi th our

who had trea ted us very kindly when on our outwa rdbenti d pa ssage .

The inha bitants of these isla nds ha ve been in quitea n uproa r for some time pa st , in consequence of somestra n e tra nsa ctions by the French ; and from the fa cttha t 0rd George Pa nlet, commander ofher Brita nnicMa jesty’s ship Ca rrysfort, had more recent] ta ken

possession of these islands irr the name ofher ajestyQ ueenVictoria , and had in a grea t mea sure overturnedthe government, which had a tendency to dera nge the

bus iness ma tters of the whole kingdom, and to impedethe prog

ress of the cva ngeliz a tion of the na tive inha bita nts . ut b

0

the a rriva l of a nother British wa r ship,which took piiree not many weeks before we rea chedO a hu, the comma nder, Rea r-Admira l Thoma s, of the

‘

B rit ish na vy, restored the H awa ian flag to its ri htfnlowner, K am~ahamaha III . , k ing of the S a n wich;Isla nds ; by wh ich mea sure the prospect of tra nquil l i ty

speri ty wa s a sin bri lrteuing.

found the el er of t re two daughters of the

cv . Q . L esl ie, who“

had been pl a ced by their fa therschool in th ispla ce previous to his return to Oregon,

to be in a sta te of ra pid decl ine ; a nd during our visitthere she bid a d ieu to this world , a nd her rema ins weredeposi ted nea r the gra ves of the la te members of theS a ndwich Isla nd Missi on who had been ca l led to theirrewa rd .

We found the cl ima te so debil i ta ting tha t my lrealthdecl ined rapidly. This prevented my enjoying;the

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TEN YEAR S I N OREGON .

from Capta in S now, his officers, and crew. Theirk indness sha l l not be for otten, a nd we pm tha t theymay ma ke the voyage of ifo in sa fety, a nd a nd a t l a stin the h a rbour of endless rest .We spent one night in B oston, a nd were cheered

wi th an interview with some Christian friends resid ingin the city . We left Boston on the 2 2 d, a nd a rri ved a t

York on theThe kind and most a ffectiona te manner in which we

were recei ved by the Boa rd of Ma nagers of the Missiona ry S ociety

, a nd by our Christian brethren a nd

friends genera l y, ha s more tha n hea led a ll the woundstha t time a nd time's sorrows ha ve made.

And now, in view of the foregoing genera l descript ion of the Oregon Terri tory, wh ich may be dependedupon a s being correct, we a sk whether these doma ke a grea t mista ke, who sel l off their possessions,a nd turn their ba cks upon the rich a nd wide- s rea dpra iries ofourwestern sta tes, where they maybe lesscd with the protection of wholesome laws, a nd everyfa ci l ity for the a cetttnttla tion ofwea l th a nd the a chievement of honour, and spend the strength of their fami l ies,a nd the most of their snbsta trce, a s ma ny h a ve done,in ma king a peri lous, a trd, in ma n

ly'insta nees, a des

pera te journey a cross the Rock onnta ins, for the

purpose of rea ching an unsettledy Indi an country, tha tthe may

“ better their fortunesfind , aga in, ta king a ll the very emba rra ssing circum

sta nces into the a ccount, under which the mi ssiona riesh a ve been obl iged to la bour, I a sk the church and

'

a

whether a s much ha s not been a ecomplished the cvangeliz a tion of the inha bita nts oftha t terri tory, a s could rea sona bly ha ve been. expected?And now in conclusion, we feel tha t we ha ve done

TEN YEAR S I N OREGON;

our duty in prepa ring th is work for the era se] of the

gublic, and we be e and pra y tha t it ha ve itsesigned effect, an tha t the blessing ofra ce may a ttend it wherever i t may find i ts way, andt a t the wri ters a nd readers ma employ those ta lentswhich ha ve been, or may herea ter be committed untothem, in such a manner, tha t when the Ma ster sha llcome to reckon with his servants, we may hea r i t sa id ,with respect to us, Wel l done, good and fa i thful servants ; ye ha ve been fa i thful over a few th ings, I wi l lmake you rulers over many things enter intoyour L ord .

”

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’

J OHW I G HOON EI'

I ZIX

'

S L OEI 'IVKI NVIGNI J O NEIWIOEI J S V

.tnoo a eo m sures -sta r.

TEN YEARS I N OREGON .

When wil l you come ?

By a nd by I wi l l comeGive me your handWha t a ils you ?Whose is tha t boy ?Wil l you tra de ?L et tts trade nowWha t do you wa nt ?

ant a knifeHowmany knives ?To morrow I Wi l l gi ve youiCowusks cacha lsee lroaktin,It ra ins now ! K a te eah loa tleIt wi ll stop soon E sla ny elroa tlah,Nowwe wi l l go a nd ca tch B a la ny q

ueens lrowoyettlssa lmon tnslene

Perha ps we wi l l soon get Cla na tle na calrah oca showo

plenty yettle eslany,To-night wewi l l ea t plenty I -Iuntnl soha tleya tls clana tle,Tom orrowwewi l l getmore Cowusks oca showoyettleI love Unsuh skesuany,You love Unekeeh skesuany,We love Unawahtle skesuanyThey love Clrnnsuns skesuins ,

Una a ha ha tley,Unekeeh a lrha tlee,Chunsuns eahhatle,Alrca lrtsa ttntsuh,

The Cheealish

I or me

Their chief deity

r sn xsans tn ca nnon.

l'

Yeloput orS ilopnt,

3395mu ’t :'

i

I will with you Untseeh eahcahtsee,Wi l l go Wi th me ? - Unekeehee cahcahts upsesh'

!My Untsnh a l la h ,Your fa ther Unekeeh islahhab,

‘

Our fa ther Newahtle ta lieahtle,Their fa ther Chttnsnns lahaheus,He speaks or ta lks Chena tle ebeonins,I ha ve come a long way Ho tie ta see a nteahMa ke a fire Ho kone,Give me sa lmon Cha lsitsa tnslenekI am hungry S hotoyah a nteah,My hea rt is now good

P

ilaqptsnoya h teyrneca s unt

L ong ago my hea rt wa s Telra la tle tah til te yineeasba d ttntsuh,Ch ief A sahtshin,An importa nt ehief C a s sosowa lrtle '

asa htshin.

An old K illemook ma n, whose son wa s ,drowned fa r

from home, ex reseed his grief in the followingma nner“ Ha tch 0 hi a r, ha tch 0 hi ah, ha tch e ki a h, ha tch 0

hi a h ; elre kah, ehe kah, che ka lr, che ka h,” i . . e . Oh m

ch i ld, oh my ch ild , olr’

my child, oh my ch ild ; .my ch i lmy ch i ld, my ch i ld, my ch i ld. And

.these express

ionswere a ttended wi th the tea ring of his s i lvered lechs, . endthe scra tching of his body with his na i ls , a nd the smitingof his brea st, a nd such expressions of the countenance a sindica ted the deepest a ng uish ofspi

CH E C’A L I S H D I AL E C‘T.

Indians reside to the north of Cape Disappointment.PRONOUN S .

Ants,N a rta h,

.Tesitnab,Tesitna h,Osha tlehihlahA lap,Tsa dinta

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TEN YEAR S IN OREGON .

Horse

I could ivo more extensive examples ; bttt aboveil l be an icient to show the difference between the dislects of the different clans tha t vis it the Columbia Riverduring the sa lmon sea son. There a re perhaps five hundredindividua ls, the remnants of five different tribes, tha t fishon the Columbia , from the mouth of the river to the Ca thl amet Islands, a distance of a bout twenty-five mi les ; andthe dia lects of these cla ns differ from ea ch other as mucha s the examples do wh ich I ha ve given above.