Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Impact of heavy swine market weights on facility and equipment needs - Dr. Mike Brumm, from the 2012 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 15-18, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2012-leman-swine-conference-material
Citation preview
Marketing and Transportation
1:30 Growth and development
implications at heavier weights - Dr.
John Patience
2:00 Impact of heavy market weights on
facility and equipment needs - Dr. Mike
Brumm
3:00 Market transportation implications
- Dr. John McGlone
Impact of Heavy Market Weights
on Facilities and Equipment
Dr Mike Brumm
Brumm Swine Consultancy, Inc
North Mankato, MN
IA-SMN Liveweight at Slaughter
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
Lb
Week
2010 2011 2007-2011 2012
Kg
122.7
118.2
125.0
120.5
USDA Federally Inspected
Barrow and Gilt carcass wt, lb
(1988-2011)y = 1.397x + 170.5
R² = 0.979
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
Lb
Year
Kg
At this pace, in 2022 live weights
will average 290 lb (132 kg) based on 75% yield
68.2
77.3
90.9
86.4
95.5
81.8
72.7
100
US + Canada Kept for Mkt per
Breeding Animal
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
Facility options
Tunnel vs curtain ventilation
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
22 44 66 88 110 132 154 176 198 220
Btu
/hr
Pig Wt, lb
Prior to 1988 1988-2002 Brumm estimate of 2012 genetics
Trans ASAE 47(1):259-270
Sensible Plus Latent Heat
Production by Growing Pigs
Change is a constant
Brown-Brandl, et al, 2004
W * 3.412 = btu/hr
As pigs produce more heat
Upper critical temperatures are lower
than most think
◦ Summer heat relief will become even
more important
◦ Ventilation systems move thru stages
faster
What about lower critical temperature?
◦ What is the correct set point?
Facility Options
Full vs Partial slats
◦ Only Smithfield is routinely using partial
slats
◦ ‘Never again’
Big vs small pen
◦ Big pens typically 100-150 pigs/pen
◦ Small pens typically 25-33 pigs/pen
What about pen size?
What about pen size?
Fewer but longer fights in
large pens
Pig loading is easier from
large pens
No difference
◦ Variation in gain
◦ Feed:Gain
◦ ADG or ADF after 80 lb
Slight decrease
◦ Late nursery and early
grower
ADG (0.001 lb/d/pig nursery
and grower)
ADF (0.001 lb/d/pig late
nursery)
People issue
◦ Spotting and treating
individual pigs
Lameness?
Nielsen et al, 2002 IPVS – increased
with heavier wts
Street and Gonyou, 2008 JAS –
increased with 108 vs 18 pigs/pen
Expressing space as a function of
Bodyweight
Allometric equation for floor space allowance
Area = k * BW2/3
k = Area / BW2/3
Courtesy Dr. Harold Gonyou, Prairie Swine Centre
84%
88%
92%
96%
100%
104%
0.020 0.022 0.024 0.026 0.028 0.030 0.032 0.034 0.036 0.038 0.040 0.042 0.044 0.046 0.048 0.050
AD
G %
of
Co
ntr
ol
'k'
ADG Response to 'k' full slats constant group size - metric
0.03360.0340
Gonyou et al, 2006
0.0336
Gonyou et al, 2006
0.0358
Gonyou et al, 2006
Critical Space (full slats) at ‘k’=
kg m2/pig lb ft2/pig
100 0.725 220 7.83
109.1 0.768 240 8.29
120.5 0.821 265 8.89
127 0.860 280 9.28
134 0.892 295 9.61
0.21450.0336
123 kg, 0.58 m2
k = 0.024
270 lb, 6.3 ft2
k = 0.153
270 lb, 8.0 ft2
k = 0.030
123 kg, 0.74 m2
k = 0.191
102 kg 0.76 m2/pig 225 lb 8.2 ft2/pig
k = 0.035 k = 0.223
For each 3% change in space,
daily gain and daily feed intake
change 1.0%
for full slats.
There is no predictable impact
of space allocation on
feed/gain.
Impact of Space on ADGFull slats
Wt
Lb (kg)
Adequate
ft2 (m2)
@ 7.2 (0.67)
ft2 (m2)
Reduction in ADG
50 (22.7) 2.9 (0.27)
225 (102.3) 8.0 (0.74) 3.3%
250 (113.6) 8.5 (0.79) 5.0%
275 (125.0) 9.2 (0.85) 7.2%
300 (136.4) 9.7 (0.90) 8.6%
For each 3% change in
space, daily gain and daily feed
intake change 1.5% for partial
slats.
There is no predictable impact
of space allocation on
feed/gain.
How much feed goes thru a
feeder per year? $225/t 2.6 turns/yr 230 lb gain/pig (55 in wt; 285 out wt)
33 pigs/pen and 2 pens/feeder (50’ wide)@ 2.80 f/g 55.3 t $12,432@ 2.77 f/g 54.7 t $12,299
26 pigs/pen and 2 pens/feeder (40’ wide)@ 2.80 f/g 43.5 t $9,795@ 2.77 f/g 43.1 t $9,690
$133/yr
$105/yr
How much feed goes thru a
feeder per year? $325/t 2.6 turns/yr 230 lb gain/pig (55 in wt; 285 out wt)
33 pigs/pen and 2 pens/feeder (50’ wide)@ 2.80 f/g 55.3 t $17,958@ 2.77 f/g 54.7 t $17,766
26 pigs/pen and 2 pens/feeder (40’ wide)@ 2.80 f/g 43.5 t $14,149@ 2.77 f/g 43.1 t $13,997
$192/yr
$152/yr
2007 pig eating from 1995 feeder
Feeder Types Common to US
Wean-Finish
Dry
Wet/Dry
Tube Feeders
My best guess – 0.02-0.04 worse
f/g than dry or wean-finish
Pig Shoulder Width
Petherick, 1983 Width = 0.064 x BW0.33
Wt, kg Width,
mm
X 1.1 Wt, lb Width, in X 1.1
20 170 187 44 6.8 7.5
40 220 242 88 8.5 9.3
60 250 275 132 9.7 10.7
80 275 302 176 10.7 11.8
100 290 319 220 11.5 12.7
125 315 346 275 12.4 13.6
136 324 356 300 12.8 14.0
Critical Feeder Dimensions Gonyou and Lou (90 kg pigs; 1997)
◦ Depth 8-12 inches (10 inches/254
mm?)
◦ Lip Height 4-5 inches (100-125 mm)
◦ Width ?
Shoulder x 1.1
Sell to Cargill, Triumph or Tyson
Getting Feeder Dimensions
Right
10 in (254 mm)
5 in (127 mm)15 in (380 mm)
6+ in (155 mm)
Do you know your feeder
dimensions?
305 mm
178 mm
215 mm
March, 2011
102 mm 240 mm
April, 2011250 mm
New Feeders aren’t perfect
4 ‘hole’ 50” (1270 mm) feeder = 12.5”/hole
5 ‘hole’ 60” (1525 mm) feeder = 12”/hole
6 ‘hole’ 70” (1780 mm) feeder = 11.7”/hole
Grow-Finish Feeders – Meal
diets◦ Recommended Stocking Densities Quality Dry Feeder 8-10 pigs/space
1.7”-2”/pig minimum
43-51 mm/pig
15”/1.7” = 8.8 pigs/space
380 mm/43mm = 8.8 pigs/space
Wet/dry >12 pigs/space
Tube ?PIC Recommendations –
11 pigs/side/drop
2”/pig trough length/pig
51 mm/pig
◦ Pellets vs meal - pigs eat faster on pellets
A conclusion is the place where
you got tired of thinking.
-- Steven Wright
Impact of Heavy Market Weights
on Facilities and Equipment
Dr Mike Brumm
Brumm Swine Consultancy, Inc
North Mankato, MN
Blog: Mnpork.com
